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Installation of partitions - we understand the features of materials. What can interior partitions (walls) be made of in a house? How to make an interior partition from brick

The construction of an interior partition has many advantages. With its help, it is possible to divide the space into two zones and even separate rooms. There are different materials from which interior partitions are made. We’ll talk about their features and technology for making room partitions further.

Characteristics and features of interior partitions

A wall is a permanent structure for the construction of which brick, concrete or reinforced concrete is used. Partitions, compared to walls, are thinner structures, the construction of which uses glass, gypsum board, and wood.

There are partitions of primary and secondary types. The first option is installed during the construction of the house, and the second - at any convenient time, if necessary.

In relation to the material, the following types of partitions are distinguished:

• partitions made of plasterboard sheet - this material consists of a main part made of gypsum, which is covered with cardboard; there are several options for gypsum plasterboard that are used in a particular room: moisture-resistant plasterboard, a fire-resistant version, a material with increased fire-resistant characteristics;
• gypsum fiber material - has the form of a non-flammable mixture of pressed gypsum with crushed paper, it can be moisture resistant and standard;
• plywood partitions - consist of plates that are glued together and form a strong structure by crossing the fibers; plywood can be simple or three-layer;
• chipboards - a material made from pressed chips, for lamination of which plastic or wood is used;
• MDF is a board made from compressed paper dust.

These options perform the function of a frame in interior partitions; the choice of one material or another is determined by the individual characteristics of the room and total cost finishing.

The most simple option The partition from a constructive point of view is a screen. This type of partition is mobile, that is, it can be installed in any convenient place premises.

Stationary partitions can be transparent or solid. The first option is distinguished by the presence of glass inserts, which give it special sophistication. A blank partition consists entirely of opaque material in the form of wood, plywood, drywall, etc.

In relation to their purpose, interior partitions are:

• office;
• homemade.

As office partitions perform various kinds structures, both open and closed, most often they do not reach the ceiling. For their manufacture, a frame made of aluminum or plastic is used. Inside the frame there is material in the form of filler - glass, wood paneling.

To divide the room into several rooms, the partitions are made blank and reach the ceiling. For their construction, materials are chosen that have the highest sound absorption.

Structures based on plasterboard, wood and even glass are used as interior partitions. Partitions of this type can be sliding or fixed. They use an arch or interior door as a passage.

Do-it-yourself interior partitions: choice of material

The main part of the partition is the use of filler, which can be:

• frame in the form of aluminum, wood, plastic;
• filler in the form of glass, plasterboard, plywood, wood, plastic, etc.

There is the option of combining several types of fillers.

When choosing a particular material, you should first of all take into account the individual characteristics of the room, its design, external finishing etc.

If, for example, a partition is installed in a bathroom, then it is better to use moisture-resistant plastic or plasterboard. In this case, it is better to choose roller doors.

Glass partitions will help divide the room into rooms, while making them soundproof.

Plastic - practical and inexpensive option for the construction of a partition. Among its advantages, we should highlight: duration of use, ease of care, variety of colors and textures, and the possibility of photo printing. The disadvantages of plastic are instability to mechanical damage and scratches.

Interior partitions made of plasterboard - properties and advantages

Interior partitions based on plasterboard are the most popular, since this material allows you to build a structure of any shape and configuration. An arch can be installed as a door. In addition, niches and cabinets are constructed from plasterboard, dividing the room into two.

If the work is carried out in a room where the humidity is at a high level, then a special version of drywall is used, which is resistant to moisture.

To fix the drywall, a frame made of aluminum profile or wood is used. To improve sound insulation in rooms, insulation based on mineral wool or glass is laid between sheets of plasterboard.

We suggest considering the option of converting the office into two rooms. The partition in this case will play the role of a cabinet for storing books.

To build a wall, sheets of plasterboard are used; to improve sound and heat insulation, plasterboard is installed on tape or polyurethane or rubber. The length of the partition is unlimited, and the height is affected by the thickness of the steel support and the number of frame elements.

Among the advantages of using drywall to construct a wooden partition are:

• evenness of the walls and an almost unlimited choice for their decoration;
• fire resistance and fire safety;
• ease of construction;
• vapor permeability;
• when strengthening the frame, plasterboard is able to withstand heavy loads;
• construction of partitions of any shape.

Disadvantages include:

• instability of ordinary drywall in front of water.

Interior partitions photo:

Features of interior partitions made of aluminum and PVC

For the manufacture of such partitions, a frame is used, which is based on the use of a profile made of aluminum or plastic. It is recommended to use glass, plywood, wood, plasterboard, etc. as filler.

A combination of several materials is possible. This type of partition is highly popular due to its lightness and strength. Their production does not require much time, and all work is carried out quickly and efficiently.

To lighten the atmosphere of the room, glass is installed in such structures. To make rooms well insulated from each other, materials such as plasterboard or plywood are used.

Among the advantages of this type of partitions are:

• ease;
• resistance to moisture and frost;
• possibility of constructing partitions of any shape and complexity.

Flaws:

• the possibility of deformation under the influence of heavy loads;
• plastic partitions are only straight, from plastic profile you can't build an arch.

Laying interior wooden partitions

A wooden partition is a frame structure based on a veneered profile or solid wood. The main difference between a wooden partition and an aluminum partition is the material used to make the frame.

There is an option for making partitions from MDF profiles. With their help, it will be possible to build a partition that is lightweight, but at the same time unusual in shape. This design can be made in the form of a workplace, shelves, bookcase etc.

Wooden partitions can also be curved, in which case the material in the form of topan is used for their manufacture. One side has a smooth and even surface, and the other has a cut surface, prone to bending.

Partitions with a combination of wood and glass look very nice. The cost of wooden partitions is much higher than plasterboard structures.

But, nevertheless, wooden partitions have the following advantages:

• environmentally friendly and harmless, ideal for wooden houses;
• possibility of decoration with carvings;
• high strength and resistance to mechanical stress.

Disadvantages of wooden partitions:

• the need for careful processing of wood;
• instability to moisture;
• low level of sound absorption;
• compliance with certain temperature regime and humidity.

Do-it-yourself interior partitions made of foam blocks

Foam blocks are in second place for forming partitions after drywall. Among the advantages of using foam blocks for the construction of interior partitions, the following should be noted:

• light weight of the material;
• high level of heat and sound insulation;
• ease of operation;
• obtaining a partition whose quality is equal to the construction of an ordinary wall.

For the manufacture of partitions, it is better to give preference to a material whose thickness is 10 cm. Thus, it will be possible to ideally combine the affordable cost of the material with the production of a high-quality partition.

To connect foam blocks, you must resort to purchasing special glue. The recommended thickness of the adhesive layer is two millimeters. Average glue consumption per one cubic meter area is 15,000 grams.

Before starting the construction of an interior partition made of foam blocks, connecting pins should be installed in the wall; they will make the structure more stable in the future.

In addition, markings are made on the walls and floor, according to which the masonry process will be carried out. Before starting laying, the floor is cleaned of dirt and primed with a special compound. After the primer has dried, dilute the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the surface of the first block. Please note that the rows require dressing. Foam blocks should not cope with each other in each row. To check the verticality of the masonry, use a plumb line or a building level.

To fill the remaining gap between the ceiling and the partition, use polyurethane foam. Forming a doorway is possible both during the process of laying foam concrete and after it has dried, using any available tool.

Interior glass partitions - manufacturing features

Glass block or glass brick are perfect for making interior partitions of this type. Glass partitions after installation, they do not require any additional finishing.

There are two ways to install glass interior partitions. The first method is done in the same way as brickwork. Its only difference from this option is the absence of the need for strapping.

To lay glass blocks, you will need a solution based on fir-tree sand or liquid nails. To obtain uniform seams, crosses are installed between the blocks. Masonry has certain limitations. It is not allowed to lay more than three rows of glass blocks in one day.

To reinforce the surface of the partition, a steel rod with a diameter of 5 mm is laid every two rows.

The second method of laying glass blocks involves filling a grid pre-fixed on the floor, walls and ceiling. A sealant or glue is used to hold the glass blocks together, and putty is used to fill the seams. This option involves faster construction of an interior glass partition.

How to make an interior partition from brick

Brick is a fairly popular material for building walls and is less common in the process of constructing partitions. This is explained primarily by its severity. To lift the required amount of bricks into the apartment multi-storey building it will take a lot of effort. In addition, such a partition creates a certain load on the load-bearing sections of the entire structure.

The optimal thickness of the partition is considered to be a quarter or half of a brick. If the partition has a length of more than 150 cm, then it requires additional reinforcement using wire 5 mm thick. It is laid horizontally every three rows brickwork.

To prepare a solution for fixing bricks, you need cement and sand in a ratio of one to five. For every kilogram of dry ingredients you will need 500 ml of water.

To lay one brick, about two kilograms of sand are required, from this calculation they make required quantity solution.

First, markings are made according to which the installation will be carried out. Next, a cord is pulled to help determine the evenness of the masonry.

To lay the first brick, mortar is not required; it is laid directly on the previously cleaned and primed floor. Next, a mortar 1 cm thick is applied to the first row of bricks. The second brick is pressed against the first according to pre-made markings.

Using a trowel, remove excess sand-cement mortar. At the beginning of the second row, half a brick should be laid first to ensure dressing. Please note that each row that is even should start not with a whole brick, but with half of it.

After laying each row, the evenness and horizontality of the partition is checked. Since the total mass of the entire structure is quite large, the masonry is carried out in stages. It is allowed to lay a partition with a height of no more than 150 cm at a time. Since before the solution hardens, it is characterized by high instability.

Corners made of metal or nails will help ensure the strength of the connection between every four rows of brickwork and the walls. To fill the gap formed between the ceiling and the partition, you should install a plywood tire on one side of the partition, and put the remaining cement mixed with brick fragments into it.

Interior partitions video:

This article will help you understand the variety of materials for the construction of interior partitions and find optimal solution just for you. She will talk about the features of working with various materials and the technology of their installation.

Introduction

A partition is a wall dividing the interior space of a house into separate rooms. Not only a fixed wall, but also various sliding structures and screens can act as a partition.

The design of the partitions that you plan to build in your home depends on the requirements for them. If you plan to partition the space for a long time and the separation must provide reliable heat and sound insulation, then use a strong supporting structure. In other cases, you can get by with easily disassembled or movable partitions.

Types of interior partitions

An excellent option for zoning space are various transforming partitions - sliding, sliding, folding soft and hard casements. They can be installed anywhere, for example, to separate the kitchen and the dining room, the bedroom and the dressing room, the hallway and the living room.

Sliding interior partition

Sliding rigid hinged interior partition

Screen

IN modern interior Screens are often used. They help zone your space and decorate the room. Screens are cheaper than other types of partitions.

The strongest partition is a stationary one, that is, a wall that allows you to isolate a room from other rooms. These are brick, wooden, partitions made of glass blocks, tongue-and-groove slabs and cellular concrete. We’ll talk about them in more detail in this article.

Brick interior partition

Interior partition made of wood

Interior partition made of glass blocks

Interior partition made of cellular concrete

Brick partitions

Advantages:

• Brick partitions have good soundproofing properties. For example: brick partitions made of solid red brick, plastered on both sides, have the following noise insulation index values: wall of two bricks (thickness with plaster 530 mm) = 60 dB; wall with one brick (thickness with plaster 280 mm) = 54 dB; half-brick wall (thickness with plaster 150 mm) = 47 dB. In this case, the normal value of the noise insulation index for interior partitions should be at least 52 dB.

• Brick is a moisture-resistant material, but if you are building a partition in the bathroom, it is better to use solid brick.

Flaws:

• Significant weight of the partition: 1 m2 weighs about 280 kg, with a partition thickness of 1/2 of a solid brick.

• Another disadvantage: Mandatory plastering of the surface before final finishing and more long time construction compared to other technologies.

Construction technology: Brick partitions in a house are most often made of half (120 mm) or quarter bricks (65 or 88 mm). If you are laying a partition in a quarter of a brick and its length exceeds 1.5 m, then you need to use wire with a diameter of 4-6 mm for reinforcement. This is done by laying wire horizontally through every 3-4 rows of bricks.

Brickwork

Masonry mortar: 5 parts sand and 1 part cement. For every 2 kg of the resulting mixture, add 1 liter of water. For correct calculation amount of mortar, keep in mind that installing 20 blocks of brick requires about 40 kg of sand.

Brickwork: Pick up a brick and apply a layer of mortar approximately 10 mm thick to its surface. Press the brick against the floor and wall. Apply the mortar to the second brick and press it against the first. Now, using a trowel, remove excess mortar and check whether the blocks are installed at the same level and strictly vertically. This must be done after laying each row of bricks. At the beginning of the next row, install half a brick to form a regular bandage and so on through each row. In its raw form, brickwork is very unstable, so it is better to lay it out in one stage no more than 1.5 meters.

After laying the bricks, the partitions are plastered on both sides, rubbed down, preparing for painting and cladding. ceramic tiles or wallpapering.

Approximate cost: The price for 1 m2 of brickwork will cost you $10 and more. Work - from 7 dollars per 1 m2.

Partitions made of tongue-and-groove slabs

The construction of partitions from tongue-and-groove slabs (hereinafter referred to as GGP) is simple and relatively quick way construction of partitions. The speed of construction of partitions from these elements is 6-8 times higher than from brick. The mass of the partition is 4 times less than that of a brick one.

The slabs are made of building gypsum. They have joining and supporting surfaces, that is, a groove and a tongue. Tongue and tongue slabs are available in two sizes: 600x500x100 mm or 500x300x100 mm.

Advantages:

• According to SNiP 201.02-85 “Fire safety standards”, partitions with a thickness of 100 mm have a fire resistance limit of 2.5 hours, a fire spread limit of 0 cm.

• Partitions made from foam concrete slabs are odorless, moisture-resistant, durable, not susceptible to infection by putrefactive bacteria and fungi, they “breathe” well and regulate indoor humidity.

• Partitions made of PGP correspond to regulatory requirements sound insulation (41 dB -at single design and up to 60 dB - with double).

• PGP is easy to saw and process, and electrical wiring and pipes are recessed into grooves, made with simple hand tools.

• A partition made of tongue-and-groove elements does not require plastering of the surface, and only the application of finishing materials is proposed.

Flaws:

Can't stand it heavy structures. Pictures, mirrors and other light objects weighing up to 30 kg are attached to the partition with screws and dowels, heavy objects(cabinets, shelves, etc.) - using anchors. For loads from 30 kg/cm to 100 kg/cm, bolts passing through the entire thickness of the partition are used.

Installation technology: Tongue-and-groove slabs are easy to install, easy to saw and process. Partitions made from PGP are not placed on a concrete floor base, but on a finished floor screed before applying finishing coatings. As mounting adhesive When working with slabs, use Fugenfüller putty or any adhesive for installing PGP slabs.

Installation: Apply the prepared solution to the base of the walls and floor at the junction of the slabs. After 30 minutes you can begin installation. The first row of slabs must be cut off and installed with this side down. Apply mortar to the top side with the groove and the sides and begin laying the first row. We press each plate using a rubber hammer. Remove any excess glue using a spatula. When laying the next row, the solution is applied to the groove of the previous row and to the sides. Complete the high partition in several stages of 4-5 rows, allowing the glue to harden.

Partition made of tongue-and-groove slabs

Approximate cost: The approximate cost of one slab measuring 600x500x100 = 2 dollars. 1 m2 of wall contains 5.5 elements, therefore the cost of 1 m2 is from $10 and above. The cost of work is from 3-4 dollars per 1 m2.

Partitions made of cellular concrete

Cellular concrete is produced by foaming cement mortar. The standard block size is 200x250x60 mm.

Advantages:

• The fire resistance limit of a wall made of 60 mm thick blocks is 150 minutes.

• the air enclosed in the pores of cellular concrete gives the blocks good thermal insulation characteristics (0.14 W/mC).

• The standard block has a mass of 18 kg. For example: one such block can replace up to 15 bricks, the mass of which is about 70 kg, therefore installation from blocks is less labor-intensive than from bricks.

• Partitions made from blocks have good sound insulation: a 100 mm thick structure has a sound insulation index (Rw) of 35-37 dB, a 125 mm thick structure has 44-46 dB, and a partition that is another 25 mm thick has a sound insulation index (Rw) of 55-57 dB.

Flaws:

• Low air permeability and rather high labor intensity of construction.

Installation technology: When laying partitions made of cellular concrete, they can be used as sand-cement mixture, and ordinary tile adhesive.

Installation: A layer of mortar is applied to the base of the future partition and the laying of the first row of blocks begins. It is necessary to constantly check the uniformity of the masonry horizontally and vertically using a level. The next row of slabs is installed by coating the joining surfaces with glue and bandaging the slabs of the previous row (at the beginning of the row we install only half of the block).

We secure the partition made of cellular concrete blocks using metal reinforcement inserted into the drilled hole in the load-bearing wall and the seam of the horizontal masonry of the blocks. Fastening to the floor can also be done using metal profiles.

Fastening the interior partition from cellular concrete blocks

Approximate cost: On average, the price for one block is $1 or more. When purchasing, pay attention to the brand of blocks. The values ​​D500 and D600 are the most suitable for the construction of interior partitions, and the D350 grade has a lower density and, accordingly, does not provide structural strength. The cost of work will cost you from 6-8 dollars per 1 m2.

Glass block partitions

Modern glass blocks They are distinguished by ease of assembly, reliability in operation and original design, which will allow you to bring any designer’s idea to life. Glass block is a kind of transparent “bricks” made of thick glass (6-10 mm). Standard sizes glass blocks - 190x190x80 mm and 240x240x80 mm, but corner and half elements are also produced. The surface of the block can be smooth, corrugated, transparent, matte and even colored. A pattern of small pieces of colored glass can be applied to the surface of the glass. From them you can lay out real panels with images of landscapes, flowers, or abstract drawings.

Advantages:

• Partitions made from glass blocks look very impressive and have a number of advantages: sufficient strength, fire resistance, heat and sound insulation qualities (54 dB), durability.
• One of the main distinctive qualities of glass blocks is light transmittance. For transparent blocks it is 75-80%, for colored and matte blocks it is 30-50%. And the patterns from the blocks give an extraordinary light and shadow pattern.

• Glass blocks tolerate temperature changes from -40 to +50 degrees. And in case of fire, they prevent the spread of fire and smoke for 1-2 hours.

• Glass blocks do not absorb odors and do not accumulate dirt. Easy to clean with glass cleaner.

Flaws:

• It is impossible to lay various communications (for example, electrical wiring or sewerage) inside such walls and partitions.
• It is impossible to hang anything on a wall made of blocks (for example: paintings, shelves, etc.).
• Such a glass block cannot be cut or sawn during installation; in this case, a half-block is used.

Installation of glass block partitions

Laying glass blocks is not an easy task, especially for a beginner. Used to hold blocks together cement mortars, which do not contain large grains of sand or “liquid nails”.

There are several ways to lay glass blocks: cement-adhesive mortar, in modular cells or in prepared niches in the wall.

The first method is similar to brickwork. This method is the most labor-intensive and time-consuming. The base for masonry must be level, free of dirt and dust. The first row is laid out level so that the wall is level. Plastic crosses are installed between the blocks to obtain even seams. It is not recommended to lay out more than three rows per day, as the lower raw seams can “move” from the weight. Glass block masonry must be reinforced with a metal rod with a diameter of 6 mm. To do this, rods are placed vertically and horizontally every two blocks.

First row of glass block masonry

Installation of plastic crosses for laying glass blocks

Reinforcement of glass block masonry

The second method of installing glass blocks is faster than the first. Grids with cells made of wood, MDF or plastic are attached to the floor, walls and ceiling. And then they fill them with blocks, fixing them with rubber pads or sealant.

Niches in the walls made of glass blocks look impressive. To do this you need to drill a hole in the wall. the right size. But in this case, the thickness of the block and the wall are the same, so on one side the blocks will be slightly recessed. Installation of blocks can be done using sealant or “liquid nails”.

Approximate cost of the material.

The cheapest glass blocks are industrial. Their price is approximately 40-60 rubles per piece. Colored blocks are more expensive - from 160 rubles per piece. And probably the most expensive blocks are those with fusing (adding patterns by sintering colored glass). The price of such blocks is no less than 1,500 thousand rubles per piece. The cost of the work will cost you at least 20-25 dollars per m2.

Frame type partitions

Plasterboard interior partition

A plasterboard partition is plasterboard sheets that completely cover the racks and are mounted on a metal frame on both sides.

Advantages:

• The values ​​of sound insulation indices for a partition on a single frame, sheathed with 12 mm gypsum board sheets on both sides (95 mm thick) = 37 dB. And for the same partition, but sheathed with two sheets of plasterboard, the sound insulation index is 45 dB.

• Light weight - 25-50 kg/m2 (for moisture-resistant drywall this figure is higher).

• The main advantage of plasterboard partitions is that the wall is smooth and even, it is perfect for wallpapering, painting with acrylic paints or any other finishing.

• In addition, drywall has a fire resistance of 0.2 hours for a partition made of one layer of gypsum plasterboard and up to 1 hour for a partition made of two layers. GCR also has vapor and gas permeability and is very easy to install.

Flaws:

• Drywall is a fragile material, so it can be easily damaged by a hard object.

• Afraid of moisture. When wet, gypsum plasterboard swells, becomes deformed, and may even fall off the frame.

• You cannot hang something very heavy on a gypsum board partition. The maximum weight should not exceed 70 kg per linear meter, but objects must be attached directly to the frame. Light objects (up to 15 kg), such as paintings, can be hung directly on drywall using screws and dowels.

Technology for installing gypsum plasterboard partitions: First you need to build a metal frame from aluminum profiles. First of all, it is necessary to mark the partitions being erected. First, it is performed on the floor, and then using a plumb line, this marking is transferred to the ceiling. Using dowels, we fasten the guides, according to the markings, on the floor and ceiling. We attach the profile to the walls in the same way. We cut the profile to the height of the room and fasten it in increments of no more than 600 mm. The frame is ready! Before you begin sheathing, you need to lay out the sheets on a flat surface and cut them according to the height of the partition. We fasten the sheets using self-tapping screws with a pitch of about 250 mm. After covering, the seams can be primed and puttied. To do this, apply putty to the seam and, in one motion from top to bottom, level the putty and remove any excess. Then, without waiting for hardening, reinforcing tape is placed on the putty, and it is pressed into the putty mass. Another layer of putty is applied on top of the tape. The screw caps are recessed and puttied.

Frame made of metal profile for interior partition

Fastening metal frame for interior plasterboard partitions

Approximate cost and material consumption: 1 m2 of gypsum plasterboard partition will cost approximately 20-60 dollars (excluding installation), with one layer of gypsum plasterboard. For installation of a plasterboard partition you will pay at least 6-8 dollars per 1 m2.

Wooden interior partitions

Wooden partitions can be solid planks (single or double), double with an air or filled gap, and framed and sheathed.

Advantages:

• Made from environmentally friendly material.

• You can make a structure of increased strength that can withstand more than 150 kg of load.

• The weight of a wooden partition is about 92 kg/m2 (with a partition thickness of 150 mm).

• The sound insulation index reaches 41 dB (with a partition thickness of 150 mm).

Flaws:

• Wooden structures are afraid of water.

• They have insufficient noise insulation (37 dB).

• They are fire hazardous - they have a fire resistance of 0.2 hours.

Installation technology:

• Single plank partitions: consist of vertically installed boards 40-50 mm thick. Prepare boards for installing the partition. They should be edged or tongue-and-groove and their length should be 1 cm less than the distance from the floor to the ceiling. Before starting work, draw strictly vertical lines on the walls using a plumb line and a pencil. Then, using these markings, draw two more lines on the floor and ceiling. Next, nail two bars to the floor so that they form a groove equal in thickness to the board. Now you need to nail another triangular beam to the ceiling. Insert the board into the bottom groove, press it against the wall and nail it to the top block. After all the boards are nailed, the gap between the boards must be filled with tow. Next, you can nail the second triangular beam to the ceiling, thereby pressing the boards. Such a partition can be plastered, sheathed with plywood, fiberboard or plasterboard sheets.

View from above

Double and triple board partitions: Before proceeding with the installation of these partitions, it is necessary to prepare the boards and carry out all the markings (the same as in the case of single partitions). First you need to install racks from floor to ceiling. The racks are firmly fixed between the slats and sheathed on both sides with boards 20-25 mm thick. The surface of the partition can be plastered, covered with fiberboard or plasterboard.

Wooden racks and slats for interior partitions

Frame-cladding partitions: To install the frame, use bars of 30x50 mm or 50x100 mm. Making the frame: Take two bars with a length equal to the length of the partition (bars for the floor and ceiling). Using dowels, we attach the bars, according to the markings (the same as in cases A and B), on the floor and on the ceiling. In the same way, the bars on the walls. We cut them according to the height of the room and fasten them in increments of no more than 600-120 mm.

Sheathing: it can be made from plywood, fiberboard, chipboard sheets or boards 50-75 mm. First, the sheathing is completely nailed on one side, then on the other. After installing the partition plastered on both sides.

Wooden interior partitions

Approximate cost: The price for 1 m2 of such a partition is from $20 and above, it will depend on the cladding material.

For example: a linear meter of timber costs at least $1, and the cost of boards will cost you about $200 per cubic meter. meter. At the same time, about 0.2 m3 of boards are consumed per 1 m2 of partition. The cost of the work will cost you 2-3 dollars or more per 1 m2.

How to improve sound insulation? We still have one unresolved question: how can you improve the sound insulation of interior partitions if you need perfect silence?

The sound insulation index is measured in dicibels. This value does not depend on the area of ​​the room, but only on the interior partition itself.

According to MGSN standards 2.04-97 " Acceptable levels noise, vibration and sound insulation requirements in residential and public buildings"There is a division of housing categories with their own sound insulation indices: 54 dB - for houses of category A (luxury housing), 52 dB - for houses of category B (comfortable new buildings), 50 dB - for houses of category B (old houses).

The main way to improve the sound insulation of a room is to increase the thickness of the partitions or use soundproofing material. As soundproofing materials you can use mats or slabs made of basalt or fiberglass, which have not only high heat-insulating and sound-absorbing properties, but also fire resistance. For example: if a 50 mm thick soundproofing board is laid in a partition made of one layer of plasterboard, then the sound insulation index will be 43 dB, but if there is a double layer of plasterboard - 58 dB.

The question of interior partitions is quite extensive. I hope that the tips given in this article will help you solve all the problems associated with the choice of materials and installation of interior partitions. Whether you use the advice given in this article or not is up to you.

Please note: Prices are valid for 2008.

Apartment renovation is often accompanied by redevelopment of premises. Interior partitions are constructed from various materials: brick, plasterboard, cellular concrete blocks, wood, glass, polycarbonate, different slabs and others. They differ in their performance characteristics. The choice of option for a home depends both on the required functional indicators of the constructed partitions, and on their decorative appearance and installation complexity. Also important point Often this is the affordability of the material, the ability to work with it with your own hands. In practice, combinations are also used to achieve an original, unique decorative design home interior.

Purpose of partitions between rooms

During capital repair work in a private house or apartment, the question may arise of moving existing interior partitions or erecting new ones. The problem is also relevant in new buildings with an open plan.

Interior walls are presented a large number a variety of options for their creation. New rooms should be created or the size of existing ones should be changed in such a way as to ensure the maximum level of comfort. The main obstacle to construction may be the choice of material and the correct construction of the intended structure from it.

Interior partitions should:

• preserve the space of the room to the maximum;
• be durable to withstand the load from hanging shelves, pictures, cabinets;
• provide good sound insulation;
• if possible, have an attractive decorative appearance;
• give residents the opportunity to have privacy and a comfortable pastime;
• divide the house into functional areas: kitchen, toilet with bath (shower), living room, hallway, bedroom.

The best option that satisfies the first requirement is partitions with small wall thickness. But they often do not meet other criteria.

Aquariums of various types are installed in internal partitions with niches or openings. household appliances. And when the furniture serves as walls, then at the same time the internal space of the house is divided into areas, clothes, books, dishes and other things that are rarely used are distributed.

Correct construction of partitions solves a number of important problems related to the organization comfortable stay apartment inhabitants. At the same time, you can decorate your home in this way.

Basic installation rules

You can build walls inside the house with your own hands or with the help of hired workers, but you must take into account a number of restrictions. The rules are as follows:

• it is prohibited to increase the size of bathrooms (toilets), kitchens, reducing the living space, and vice versa;
• it is impossible to equip a bathroom in multi-storey building if the neighbors’ kitchen space is located below;
• It is also unacceptable to divide the room into several parts if there is only one source natural light(window);
• when a gas stove is installed in the kitchen, it cannot be combined with the living space;
• It is strictly prohibited to move or demolish bearing structures, because it is dangerous for the entire building;
• It is allowed to erect heavy interior partitions only on a solid foundation; in such cases, it is first necessary to calculate the loads acting on the floor.

With walls made of lightweight materials (aerated concrete or built using a frame), everything is simpler: they can be built everywhere without problems.

Internal redevelopment of the house will require contacting the relevant authorities (BTI). The installation of interior partitions must comply with the above requirements. This issue affects the comfort of neighbors, the integrity of the structure, and personal safety.

Materials for interior walls

If the question is about what to make interior partition, then there is no clear answer here. Modern construction market offers customers a wide range of products. Each material is good in its own way. Before buying any, you should study its features. Only after this - decide what is best to make wall structures in a specific case. Monolithic concrete partitions are created at the construction stage as load-bearing walls.

Brick

Brick interior partitions are a standard construction method. To build such a structure you must have special skills and knowledge. But this option is optimal in terms of sound insulation and strength.

Brick because of its high density is a heavy material. For construction, the following types of composition are used:

• ceramic;
• clinker;
• silicate.

According to the release form used the following types:

• whole;
• hollow.

The advantage of brick walls is their high strength and resistance to damage, allowing you to hang heavy, massive cabinets, paintings, and other objects. But for bases made from hollow varieties, you will need to use reinforced fasteners.

The masonry is usually built in half a brick. Its thickness does not exceed 160 mm. To erect a structure, it is necessary to take into account its future weight and the load on the base.

Using a brick with voids inside, you can make more light wall: Reduce her weight by about 30%. But the level of sound insulation will be less than when using solid bricks.

The masonry is done “for jointing” or for further plastering, decorative finishing. The first option itself is a design method, but it places high demands on the builder’s skills and the quality of the work.

Using brick as a material for partitions in an apartment or house is an expensive option for their construction. Both the material and the work involved in laying it have a high price. Further plastering also affects it. The process of erecting brickwork itself is labor-intensive and quite time-consuming. But brick walls and partitions are durable and strong.

Cellular concrete

Interior walls in new buildings are often built from gas and foam blocks. These materials are easy to process: you can simply cut out an arch and install a door frame in them.

The resulting design is lightweight. Thermal insulation characteristics it is better than brick, and its sound insulation and especially strength are inferior to the latter .

Working with cellular concrete is faster and labor costs are less than during the construction of masonry.

Plates

Considering various options, you should pay attention to the types of partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove slabs. Building from such blocks is reminiscent of working with a constructor: thanks to the presence of grooves and protrusions (ridges), the structural elements fit perfectly together.

Tongue-and-groove slabs have the following advantages:

• easy to process;
• has good heat and sound insulation characteristics;
• has a relatively small mass;
• ease of installation, greater strength of the erected structure compared to construction made from foam or gas block;
• the presence of voids makes it easy to lay internal communications.

The slabs have relatively low strength, are not moisture resistant, and require the use of special gypsum-based adhesive for installation.

Glass, glass blocks

Glass is used to create sliding partitions or stationary panels. The dimensions of the partitions themselves are insignificant in thickness, but other significant characteristics suffer.

The use of glass blocks (luxpheres) for construction makes it possible to emphasize the style of the room, obtain interesting light and decorative effects.

Glass and lux spheres are very expensive. They are used relatively rarely, because from a practicality point of view, this is not the best solution.

Drywall

Often done in an apartment or house. The sheets are secured to a pre-created frame, inside which sound and heat insulating material is placed.

The use of plasterboard is characterized by ease of installation and the ability to create partitions of various shapes. In rooms with increased content moisture-resistant varieties of gypsum plasterboard are used to reduce water vapor in the air.

If the installation technology is followed, the structure created from plasterboard is characterized by low weight and has sufficient strength and reliability.

Other materials for the construction of internal walls

In addition to the options considered, quite often in practice other materials are used to build walls inside a house or apartment. Among them are the following:

• expanded clay concrete blocks, similar in their properties to brick, but less durable;
• polycarbonate;
• sandwich panels.

Often frame partitions in a timber house are made from wood. It fits perfectly into the interior and does not require further finishing. Sandwich panels are used in prefabricated structures. They are covered on the outside with aluminum sheets.

Before that, it is necessary to select a suitable material for the existing operating conditions. The best option should be for personal budget too.

• brick is the optimal solution if greater strength and maximum sound insulation are required, but you will need to calculate the load on the floor;
• interior walls made of expanded clay are similar in characteristics to brick ones;
• It is better to make partitions from cellular concrete if it is necessary to insulate rooms and avoid significant loads on the base;
• frames covered with boards or plasterboard sheets can be erected quickly and obtain a fairly good level of heat and sound insulation, decorative look, while this is the easiest option;
• timber structures are appropriate mainly in wooden houses;
• can be selected if you want to make partitions that create different optical effects.

High-quality brickwork does not require further finishing. This is an option that has been tested for centuries and has a decorative appearance. If you need to save money, you should take into account that the cheapest internal partitions are made from plasterboard.

Materials for creating interior partitions are characterized by various sound insulation properties. After construction, protection from extraneous noise and vibration may be required. It is important to carry out the work correctly to improve personal comfort.

First of all, bedrooms and children's rooms. To do this, increase the thickness of the interior walls, or cover them with a material that has good sound insulation properties.

Structures insulated with mineral wool also have a good level of sound insulation. This is the typical way. The material is laid both outside and filled into voids. In the first case, the thickness of the partition will increase, reducing the space of the room.

A single, specific case requires an individual approach. When choosing what to make partitions from in an apartment, you should think in advance about the soundproofing qualities of the purchased material. Correct selection according to this indicator, it will reduce final costs and reduce work.

Recommendations on what you can use to build partitions between rooms are given in the video below.

Various design projects for walls in the apartment are presented further in the video.

The video below contains instructions on how to make a room partition yourself from plasterboard.

Different types of interior partitions require different approaches to installation, time and money costs for their construction. Their functional performance is determined by the properties of the materials from which they are constructed. The final decision when choosing an option should be made based on own terms and financial capabilities. If the strength of the base allows, then brickwork is very practical.

The space of any apartment and private house consists of separate functional volumes - living rooms and auxiliary premises - kitchen, bathroom and storage room.

To create them, partitions are required - wall structures of various configurations. They are usually built simultaneously with the construction of external walls.

However, when reconstructing premises, very often there is a need to change internal layout. This problem cannot be solved without dismantling old partitions and installing new ones. Therefore, we should consider in more detail the question of what can be used to make a partition so that it is durable, absorbs noise well and looks aesthetically pleasing.

Materials and designs of wall partitions

The main building material for partitions for a long time served as red brick. The structure made from it was strong and rigid, however, in terms of its heat and sound insulating qualities it was imperfect.

In addition, laying small-sized bricks is very labor-intensive and impossible without experience and practical skills. The large weight of the brickwork requires a durable structure concrete foundation or a powerful foundation in the form reinforced concrete slab ceilings

Gradually, bricks in partition structures began to be replaced with lighter ones made of gypsum. They have large area surfaces and a locking system of connections, therefore they are assembled several times faster than brickwork.

High sound permeability - a significant drawback of all gypsum boards had to be eliminated using sound-absorbing plaster or sheet materials fibrous structure.

Today, in addition to brick and gypsum boards, foam and aerated concrete blocks, polycarbonate, plasterboard, chipboard and plywood are used for the construction of partitions. The appropriateness of using each specific material is determined depending on the properties that the partition should have.

Gas silicate and foam concrete blocks

If you require high thermal insulation ability and strength, then it is best to make the partition one-piece. They are optimally suited for this.

It can also be used for this work, but it is less suitable for finishing with plaster solutions, since it has a closed cell structure.

Manufacturers of cellular concrete today produce blocks with a thickness of 10 to 15 cm, specially designed for the installation of lightweight interior partitions.

It should be noted that expanded clay concrete blocks are also used in partition structures. However, they are almost twice as heavy as aerated concrete and insulate noise worse.

When building a partition from gypsum slabs, expanded clay blocks, gas or foam concrete, you need to pay special attention to the quality of fastening to the base and ceiling of the first and last rows of masonry. In addition, a tape of fibrous soundproofing material must be laid at the joints with the floor, ceiling and walls in order to cut off structural noise from the partition.

The blocks are laid with ligation of seams along the height. This guarantees the solidity and strength of the structure.

Frame partitions

You can quickly and efficiently build interior partitions using frame technology. It is usually based on lightweight steel profile, and plasterboard is used as cladding.

Make it cheaper similar design you can buy it instead of a steel profile wooden blocks. You need to choose only the smoothest and most well-dried wood, without defects in the form of falling knots, blue stains and cross-layers. Otherwise, the wooden frame will be deformed and cracks will appear on the surface of the drywall.

An important advantage frame partitions is the simplicity of insulation and thermal insulation. In the internal space of such structures, you can place any type of insulation (mineral wool, ecowool, polystyrene foam, sawdust or shavings).

When choosing polystyrene foam, remember that it retains heat well, but is not an effective sound insulator. Therefore, to reduce noise levels, use in partitions fibrous materials– ecowool or mineral wool.

Except plasterboard sheets To cover the frame, you can purchase more durable materials - plywood or chipboard. Possessing high rigidity and low weight, they are inferior to plasterboard in terms of ease of finishing.

For application on such surfaces, you need to use fiberglass mesh, and when wallpapering, use high-quality adhesives.

Polycarbonate

In order to make the walls in the house transparent to sunlight, you can use polycarbonate. Unlike ordinary glass, this material is injury-proof and lightweight.

Polycarbonate partitions are easy to assemble and durable in use. In addition, sheets of honeycomb structure retain heat well and have sound insulating qualities. They are ideal for creating sliding structures, with the help of which you can transform the interior space of the room.

Wide range of colors and aesthetic appearance polycarbonate sheet makes it the base material for decorating interiors in the most modern style. A polycarbonate partition made of aluminum profiles can have any shape, so it naturally fits into the most complex layout.

Sandwich panels

These structures are usually used for installing partitions in prefabricated buildings with a steel load-bearing frame. The external surfaces of the “sandwich” are made of galvanized painted steel, with foam or polyurethane foam insulation 8-10 cm thick placed inside.

In residential buildings that are built according to the so-called “ Canadian technology", they install ready-made sandwich partitions made of OSB boards, inside of which there is insulation made of polystyrene foam.

Despite good energy saving indicators, the environmental friendliness of such structures, especially when installed inside residential premises, still causes a lot of heated discussions.

Wood partitions

Here you need to highlight frame structures and solid wood partitions. The best place to install them is in a house made of timber or rounded logs. Here wooden structure will be appropriate and aesthetically pleasing even without additional external decor.

For plating wooden frame you can use clapboard or blockhouse, selecting the material for the main finishing of the load-bearing walls. The process of covering a frame structure is not difficult even for beginners, since all cladding molded wood products have tongue-and-groove joints.

To eliminate the risk of warping of wood, the choice of material must be taken responsibly, choosing products not of natural moisture, but of chamber drying and high grade (not lower than the first). When assembling such a partition, use special clamps, and not self-tapping screws, which spoil the appearance of the surface.

Before starting assembly, do not forget to process the frame bars and all facing material a special composition that will protect it from fire and dampness.

The construction of internal partitions from timber has no fundamental differences from chopped walls. It is best to use profiled material for this work. It fits very tightly into a common mass and does not warp as much as wood without tongue-and-groove cutting of the joining planes.

In the area of ​​contact of the beam with the outer wooden wall It is necessary to use fastening steel plates. They will increase the spatial rigidity of the entire structure and will not spoil the appearance, since they will be hidden between the beams in a layer of fiber sealant.

Making a cut into an existing one wooden wall in a built house is impractical. This will significantly complicate the work and reduce the energy-saving characteristics of the external fence.

In a certain situation, the emerging issue of redevelopment or construction of new interior partitions requires maximum attention. Must be accepted correct solution about the nature of the partitions, the material for their manufacture, sufficient sound insulation of the resulting structure.

Interior partition: why is it installed?

The problem of constructing interior partitions has become especially relevant in Lately, since many apartments in new buildings are built on the open-plan principle. In this case, the homeowner has more options for placing partitions in the apartment with maximum comfort for yourself. The main difficulty in this case can only be right choice suitable material for partitions and competent execution of work on their construction.

Partition between the kitchen and living room in the apartment

There are two most typical points of view on the construction of interior partitions:

• On the one hand, the owners of the premises want to preserve as much as possible usable area and erect thin partitions that would not “eat up” square meters. From this point of view, thin partitions are the ideal option.



• On the other hand, partitions must have a certain strength to support the weight of cabinets, pictures and shelves, while also guaranteeing good soundproofing properties.



Photo: sliding interior partition

What material is best to make it from?

As building material used for interior partitions various materials- from brick to glass blocks, but the main ones include brick, foam blocks, wood and aluminum with plasterboard. The choice of a particular material should depend not only on the preferences of the builders or owners, but also on the planned load on the supporting structures and the safety of the partitions being built.

Brick

This type of partition is considered the most durable, so such a wall will not be damaged by heavy shelves or massive paintings. As a partition, a half-brick wall is usually laid so that the total thickness of the structure is no more than 160 mm (together).



The following types of bricks are used for partitions:

• Silicate and ceramic. Experts do not recommend laying sand-lime brick in rooms with high level humidity.
• Full and hollow. Hollow brick is also not recommended for use in bathrooms.



If there are no outlet bricks, you can use the following fastenings of the partition to the wall

When laying a brick partition, you should take into account the weight of the resulting wall and the load on the supporting structures (on average it is about 300 kg per square meter of area). In addition, to construct a partition longer than 1.5 meters, it is necessary to use a special reinforcing mesh, which increases the strength of the resulting partition.



Laying a partition made of solid sand-lime brick

Significant disadvantage brick wall is its cost: the price of not only the material itself is high, but also the work on its installation.

Blocks: foam blocks and aerated concrete

Interior partitions made of foam blocks are much lighter than brick ones, and at the same time they have excellent heat-insulating and sound-absorbing properties. The total thickness of the partition, taking into account the layers of plaster, is about 130 mm.



We outline the locations of future walls

The blocks are easy to cut and model: in such partitions it is quite simple to install door frames or cut a figured arch. Foam blocks have similar properties ideal material for the construction of interior structures.



Photo: interior partition made of aerated concrete

Fact! Foam blocks are not as durable as brick. Therefore, experts do not recommend giving such a structure a load of more than 20 kg.

Laying such a structure in order easier to install brick wall, which significantly reduces work time and reduces labor costs.

Wooden partitions

The use of wood as interior partitions is quite rare. A wooden partition is either solid wood with the necessary soundproofing filling.



Wooden frame

Wooden partitions are often used to save space, when the partition itself becomes something between a wall and a piece of furniture. In addition, a special type of wooden partitions allows the use of sliding systems and creative zoning of the room.

Wooden partitions have the following advantages:

• high strength;
• durability;
• external attractiveness.



We cover the sound insulation in the frame with sheets of plywood

Drywall

Most widespread in modern construction got plasterboard partitions. This interest is due ideal qualities plasterboard: from ease of installation to the ability to obtain partitions of any shape. Most builders have sufficient knowledge to perform drywall work to a high standard.

Advice! In rooms with high humidity, moisture-resistant material should be used to install plasterboard structures.

They are the lightest: the weight of one square meter is no more than 50 kg, which makes such partitions extremely attractive, especially when paying attention to the load on supporting structures.



Fact! can withstand a fairly small weight of no more than 15 kg. If such a partition will have an additional load, then it is advisable to strengthen the structure with sheets of plywood.

When constructing such partitions, it is important to maintain the required level of sound insulation by using additional insulating materials.