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DIY telescopic ladder drawings. Folding ladder to the attic: types, characteristics. Design #1 – sliding stairs

What is an attic? It is known that in our area the attic can become anything - a warehouse, a workshop or a living room.

It all depends on the capabilities of the room and your imagination, but one thing is certain - attic space need to be used. How to equip the entrance to the attic with your own hands?

Arrangement of the entrance to the attic

If you intend to equip functional room in the attic you need to think about choosing a place for the attic ladder. Attic staircase assumes the presence of a hatch - a ceiling door.

It is most reasonable to equip a hatch with a ladder in the corridor, hallway or passage room. In many houses there are rooms that are not used as living rooms, where you can easily install a staircase to the attic.

In the old days, the entrance to the attic was arranged from the outside, but the prospect of climbing into such an attic on a frosty or rainy day would not please anyone.

The most extreme loft lifting mechanism would be several stools stacked together. But speaking in detail, to get there in a civilized manner you need a good attic ladder. She may be both stationary and folding, the latter are in great demand.

Folding options are compactly stacked on top after use, saving a lot usable space. A beautifully decorated hatch can become a fresh element of the interior.

Manufacturers offer wooden options for small loads (up to 150 kg) and metal for more serious loads. Prices for such stairs vary from 7,000 rubles to the limit of the consumer's wallet. Choosing the most cheap option, you shouldn’t count on its quality, so isn’t it better to make a folding attic ladder with your own hands?

Let's look at some possible options homemade stairs , the simplest for a beginner and more difficult for those who are confident in their abilities. At your service is a description of materials, work and drawings of the proposed stairs.

A simple two-piece do-it-yourself staircase

This is the staircase that consists of two sections, one of which folds up. In the assembled version, the staircase is not hidden at the top, but remains in plain sight.

This may not be critical if the attic is in a workroom, garage, etc. Even in a hallway it may look quite appropriate, it all depends on the style of your home.

This staircase can be made in a few hours, you just need to prepare necessary materials:

1. Wood saw.
2. Measuring instruments(roulette).
3. Ordinary wooden staircase.
4. Card loops, the width of which is equal to the width of the stringer - 4 pcs.
5. Four bars 2–3 cm thick: two as long as the width of the hatch and two 20 cm longer.
6. Self-tapping screws, anchors, loop and hook.

A stringer is a supporting beam of a staircase on which steps are laid.

There is no need to tell anyone how to make a ladder, but we will only note that its length should be approximately 30 cm greater than the distance from the floor to the hatch.

We take short bars:

• We connect the first block to the upper end of the stairs using loops.
• We securely fasten the second block to the bottom using a rigid method.

To make the structure more reliable, you need to take two slats and nail them with reverse side march obliquely. Just try to do this in such a way that the design did not interfere with movement on the stairs.

Measure exactly 2/3 of the entire length of the ladder from the bottom and cut it in this place. Next, connect these parts with card loops. The hinges are attached to the back of the ladder so that it can fold properly.

Secure the top bar directly under the hatch. The hook and loop are needed to ensure that the ladder does not open randomly. The hook is attached to the wall, and the loop is on the bottom bar.

The first attic staircase is simple, but it has the disadvantage of a visible staircase. There are other models shown in the photo - these are retractable, folding and telescopic.

Attic staircase designs

DIY folding ladder on hinges

This is a folding attic ladder with a hatch, consisting of three sections, and attic hatch. This option is very attractive for literally any room.

You will need to determine what the opening for the hatch will be, taking into account wishes and dimensions prospective visitors to the attic. For example, the opening for the stairs will be 125 x 70 cm.

In order to cut the hatch correctly, you need to add 7 mm on each side. Hatches for stairs to the attic should close well without compromising the thermal insulation.

Necessary materials:

• bars 5 x 5 cm - 2 short and 2 long;
• plywood 1 cm thick according to the size of the hatch.

At the ends of each block you need to make a cut to half the thickness, connecting glue and screws into a perfect rectangle. Using the means at hand to prevent the diagonal from moving out, you can attach temporary triangles made of thin plywood. Then we screw a sheet of plywood to the size of the rectangle.

Instead of locks we use door latch, any door handle or a cylinder of suitable shape. The latch holds the hatch closed well and opens easily. To conveniently open the hatch without using stepladders and stools, this handle needs to be specially made. IN special hole you need to insert a long one cylindrical handle, opening the hatch while standing on the floor.

Making hinges for opening the hatch

All components for the hatch opening mechanism can be purchased ready-made, or you can also make it yourself.

In order to do everything yourself, you need estimate dimensions and angles using a cardboard mockup. We make parts from cardboard, you can practice on them with the length of the hinges so that the hatch can open to the required angle. Based on the resulting model, we make a mechanism for opening the hatch.

The main thing is through experience determine the length of the hinges, since this type of attic ladder involves a hinged method. In the drawings you can see how the hinge is installed; the logic of its operation is very simple - it helps to smoothly open and close the hatch.

Necessary materials that can be found in every garage:

1. Metal corner – 2 pcs.
2. Sheet metal.
3. Metal strips 2 cm wide – 4 pcs.

We take two narrow metal strips and use a drill to make holes for an M10 bolt. We assemble the parts together in pairs, slightly pulling them together. Using the measuring carpenter's tool Malka, measure the opening angle of the hatch and we move our mechanisms exactly to this angle.

Using a jigsaw, cut out the part of the metal that will overlap with the corner. We remove the excess length of the metal strips and round the ends. After processing and removing excess metal, we assemble the mechanism - now the corner will lock in a certain position. Both mechanisms for two sides exact copies of each other, but only mirrored.

Attic ladder fixation mechanism

The hinge mechanism is reliable, stopping the hatch with the ladder in the desired position thanks to the angle.

But for more reliability and smoothness To open the opening mechanism, you need to add another simple mechanism, similar to a hand.

For the “hand” you will need:

• Long strips of metal, 2 cm wide – 4 pcs.
• Corner - 2 pcs.

At the end of one of the strips you need to weld a metal part on which this strip will rest, and the corner will play role of supporting element. We make simple hinges that, when the hatch is open, will maintain the bending angle, while supporting part of the weight of the structure.

In order for the load to be distributed evenly between two different hinges, this unit must be secured correctly. Yes, him needs to be fixed with the first hinges fully deployed.

Installation of attic stairs

All that remains is to make the attic ladder itself; it should be 35 cm longer than the distance from the floor to the hatch.

The folding ladder will consist of three sections, the length of which it is important to calculate correctly. The first section is equal to the size of the hatch, the second section is slightly shorter than the first (it should not touch the ceiling when unfolded). The third section is equal to the remaining segment.

Materials for the stairs:

• Inch board 10 cm wide.

The angle of inclination of the hatch in the open position, which we previously measured with a small tool, is transferred to the board. That's how we mark the slope for the steps.

Let's start marking the string boards for the steps along the lengths of the sections according to the order described above. The boards must be pressed tightly, secured with masking tape and marked equally, making the slopes of the steps in a mirror image.

The sections will be fastened again with hinges, so you need drill a hole for the hinge bolt on each section using a 25-point pen. Using a router we give all the edges a finished, neat look. We cut the boards exactly according to the sectional markings.

Need steps cut to width and sand, like bowstrings. At the places where the steps are marked, you need to make 5 mm recesses for them. We assemble all the parts using glue and PSh screws.

Hinges for folding stairs

To assemble the structure into a folding mechanism, you need to make a set of hinges.

Necessary materials:

1. Metal strips 2.5 cm wide – 8 pcs.
2. Bolts for the hinge 8 mm and self-tapping screws.

In order for the loops to serve and not bend, four strips need additionally weld the segments the same metal (about 1/3). We make holes in each strip - 2 small ones for fastening to the bowstring (one at the bottom and one under the finished piece), and one large 8 mm for the hinge (at the top).

The hinges need to be secured when the ladder itself is lying on a flat surface. The hinge must be secured so that the hinge bolt lay down in the previously drilled hole, and the ends were along the edge of the bowstring. So secure all four loops.

Installation of stairs

We collect all the elements and install them in their places, and the first segment of the ladder is stationary and is needed attach with corners to the hatch cover.

We check the operation of the mechanism, if everything suits you, then we disassemble it again for processing. We varnish the wood metal primed and painted.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult in creating an attic staircase with your own hands, especially when photos of drawings are available on the Internet. You can make all the metal parts yourself, or it’s even easier to buy them ready-made. Then it’s a complete pleasure – all that remains is to assemble this construction set.

In most private houses, attics and attics are used rooms. And to get to ground floor Of course, you need a ladder.

Types of attic stairs - design and types of construction

Attic stairs can be located both outside and inside the building. The advantage of the second option is ease of use. You don't have to go outside to get into the attic, which is... winter time year is very relevant. In addition, in the absence of access to the street, attic space does not come into contact with cold air, which significantly reduces heat loss.

Based on the type of construction, the following types of attic stairs are distinguished:

1. Monolithic:
   • screw;
   • marching.
2. Folding attic stairs:
   • scissor;
   • folding or lever;
   • telescopic or sliding stairs;
   • folding
3. Portable:
   • stepladders;
   • attached.

Portable stairs are usually used as a temporary option for connecting floors. They are used during the construction of a house or for access to attic spaces that are rarely used. They are not safe.

The most convenient, of course, are traditional monolithic stairs, with a wide march and railings. But it’s not always possible to place massive structure leading to the attic - there may simply not be enough space.

In this case, retractable attic stairs would be the best option. They are quite convenient and safe, easy to use and take up very little space. A wide variety of designs will allow you to choose the option that suits you.

Folding transformable ladder

Attic folding stairs are made of wood and metal (aluminum). The combination of these materials gives the best results. The flight of stairs is made of wood to reduce the weight of the structure, and springs, mechanisms and fasteners are made of metal to ensure the rigidity of the product. Of course, there are also purely metal models.

For wooden models, hardwood should be used. The thickness of the timber should be at least 2 cm. Wood should not be used when the folding staircase is used too intensively, because this leads to rapid wear. In this case the best option- metal attic ladder.

Plastic fittings are also used to prevent friction of components during transformation and seal the opening when the product is folded. The hatch cover is filled with polystyrene foam and provides good thermal insulation.

Folding attic ladders can be opened either manually or automatically using an electric drive. Often, when manual drive a weight is attached to the mechanism, which significantly facilitates the assembly process, as if pulling the ladder into a niche and, conversely, smoothly lowers it, compensating for the weight of the product.

The main requirements for such products are compact size and strength. The aesthetics of the model is also important - a good transforming staircase should blend with the ceiling.

Standard sizes of attic stairs:

• width of the flight of stairs. The optimal width is about 65 cm;
• height of the stairs. It is not recommended to use a product with a height of more than three and a half meters, because then the rigidity of the structure suffers, and a fall from such a height can lead to serious injury. The process of lowering or raising it will also be inconvenient. In this case, you will still have to opt for a monolithic staircase;
• number of steps. Usually equal to 14 or 15;
• distance between steps. It is believed that the optimal step width is 19.3 cm. With a larger or smaller value, the stairs will be inconvenient to use;
• the thickness of the steps ranges from 18 to 22 mm;
• angle of inclination of the stairs. The standard value is considered to be from 60 to 75 degrees. If the slope is greater, it will be dangerous to use the ladder; if it is less inclined, the product will take up too much space;
• the folding attic ladder must withstand a weight of at least 150 kg;
• The steps should be parallel to the floor and not slip, or anti-slip pads should be glued to the steps.

When purchasing folding attic ladders, you must take into account that the parameters of the product must match the dimensions of the hatch cover, otherwise the folding parts will touch the opening. A hatch with a built-in sliding ladder 70 cm wide and 120 cm long is considered optimal. With a smaller opening, it is inconvenient to climb. If the hatch dimensions are too large, then large heat losses are possible. Since the attic is an unheated room, it is necessary to provide good heat and vapor insulation.

When choosing the angle of inclination of the stairs to the attic, it is important to take into account that the smaller the angle, the larger the dimensions of the attic hatch need to be made and the more space the stairs take up when unfolded.

Sliding attic ladder - retractable flights to the attic

Scissor ladder
As a rule, they are made entirely of metal. They also go by the name “accordion staircase”, which has stuck due to the fact that the structure folds like an accordion. And the transformation mechanism resembles an expanding tram current collector and is shaped like a parallelogram or an oval.

The retractable staircase to the attic has one drawback inherent in cheap models. Due to the fact that the structure is entirely made of metal, if it is poorly assembled or over time, the flight of stairs begins to creak. This can be avoided by periodically lubricating the extension ladder.

Telescopic ladders

The telescopic ladder consists of many retractable sections that fold into one another. It is made of aluminum, which helps to lighten the structure and impart rigidity. In the domestic market, sliding attic stairs are quite rare and are not very popular.

Folding staircase to the attic - sectional and hinged

Folding stairs can consist of two, three or four sections, depending on the design. The first leg has a length equal to the size hatch cover, and firmly fixed to it. The other two segments open up to form a smooth flight of stairs. Sectional stairs are so mobile thanks to special hinges and hinges.

Folding ladder

If you really like order, suffer from a panicky lack of space, and you have a second floor or attic, a folding staircase can become excellent option to satisfy all needs at once. The idea is this: most of the time the structure is folded and fixed to the wall, and only in the evening, when you need to go up to the bedroom, do you pull it out.

The steps are secured to the string using card loops. When folded, the structure is fixed on the wall. The reclining design is not in great demand due to its complexity, but later in the article we will still tell you how to make it yourself.

DIY attic folding stairs

Option No. 1 - simple design of 2 sections

Do-it-yourself attic stairs are made within 2-3 hours. To make an attic staircase we will need:

• hacksaw for woodworking;
• tape measure;
• a staircase whose height will be approximately 30 cm greater than the distance to the ceiling;
• four card loops the width of a stringer;
• two bars, the length of which is equal to the width of the hatch, and two more bars, approximately 20 cm longer than the first ones. The thickness of the bars is 2-3 cm;
• screws, anchors, hook and eye.

We attach one of the short bars to the upper end of the stairs using hinges, the other is rigidly fixed to the lower part. Two slats are attached to the flight of stairs diagonally so that they do not interfere with movement. They will give rigidity to the entire structure.

Next, measure 2/3 of the length of the stairs and make a neat cut. Then we connect both parts using loops. It is important to attach the hinges the correct way around so that the ladder folds in the correct direction as shown in the photo.

The top bar is fixed to the wall immediately below the hatch. To prevent the folding ladder to the attic from opening, it is secured to the wall with a hook. The loop is screwed into the stringer next to the cut point, and the hook is attached to the wall.

The disadvantage of this model is that it remains in plain sight. This can be avoided by using the product more complex design, in which the sections are attached to the hatch cover. Let's see if it is possible to make such an attic ladder with your own hands.

Option No. 2 - hatch to the attic with a ladder

We will tell you how to make a staircase to the attic, consisting of 3 sections, which is identical in design to those sold in stores. This is the kind of folding attic ladder we should be able to achieve.

How to make a hatch to the attic with your own hands - the basis of a folding ladder

You can make a hatch to the attic using available materials. First, let's decide on the location and size of the opening, and then we'll make the hatch. Let's say the size of the staircase opening is 125 by 70 cm. Then, to cut out the hatch, you should add 7-8 mm to these dimensions on each side. These gaps will allow the lid to close easily, but will not affect the thermal insulation.

Materials you will need:

• four bars 50x50 mm - two short and two long;
• 10mm plywood sheet (in our case, two panels are used - unfortunately, we didn’t have a whole sheet at hand).

At the ends of the bars we make cuts of half the thickness, coat them with glue and secure them with self-tapping screws, having first checked the diagonals. To prevent the diagonal from disappearing, temporary gussets made of 4 mm plywood should be used. Afterwards, we remove them and screw on a sheet of 10 mm plywood (the photo shows how the sheet is secured around the perimeter with PSh self-tapping screws). Next we try it on in the opening.

To ensure that the hatch closes well and there are no locks on the outside, we cut a door latch into the lid. Our packaging said “reinforced.” To open the latch, we will use an old handle (any cylinder-shaped device can be used), which is inserted into a special hole. The latch holds the hatch well, very convenient.

The mechanism of the attic ladder with a hatch is hinged without a spring

Now it's time for the most difficult part - the opening mechanisms. All the components, of course, can be bought in the store, but we will go the hard way and do everything ourselves.

First, let's draw a drawing of the attic staircase on cardboard with the approximate angle at which the hatch should open. Let's cut out the cardboard parts and try them on the structure. This way you can quite accurately select the length of the hinges.

I think everyone has one in their garage iron corners, trim strips and pieces sheet metal, in general, everything that can be used to make a mechanism for a ladder. For one mechanism we need:

• one corner;
• piece of sheet metal;
• two strips of different lengths.

Let's mark the holes for the hinges, the distances of which we previously estimated experimentally, and drill them for an M10 bolt. We put it together without tightening the bolts too much. Using a small tool, we measure the desired opening angle of the hatch and expand the future mechanism to the selected angle. We mark on the metal the area that, when opened, overlaps the corner and cut it out using a jigsaw.

We bring the metal strips into proper shape by cutting off the excess length and rounding the ends. This way they won’t touch the corner and interfere with each other. We reassemble the entire mechanism. After we removed part of the metal, the corner began to rest and lock in the desired position.

So, one mechanism is ready, now we begin to manufacture the second. It is very important that it turns out exactly the same, but in mirror version. To do this, we fasten each pair of parts with clamps and drill the necessary holes.

After one hole is cut, insert a bolt into it and drill the second.

Then, screwing both parts together with bolts, we align them in length.

This is how we make all the parts.

The output should be two completely identical mechanisms.

Now let's install the mechanisms on the hatch and try it on in the stairwell. It turned out that even when designing the unit, we made a mistake - we did not take into account the height of the fastening on the floor beam. That is, the part simply crawled out of the ceiling. Because of this, we had to install temporary bars.

We adjust the hatch so that it opens well and does not touch the walls of the opening.

Now we will make another simple mechanism to support the entire structure. We will need two strips of metal 20 mm wide and a corner. To do this, we weld a piece of metal to the end of one of the strips, against which the second strip will rest. We make a support platform from the corner.

The result should be a hinge that, when the hatch is opened, remains slightly bent and at the same time holds the load. Subsequently, this unit will need to be installed in such a way that it is completely expanded when the mechanisms made earlier are open to the maximum. Then the load created by the articulated ladder will be equally distributed between them.

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase on bowstrings

The staircase to the attic is built with your own hands from wooden boards. We will cut the string and steps from an inch board 100 mm wide. The length of the first section is made according to the size of the hatch, the second is the same or slightly smaller than the first, but taking into account the fact that it should not touch the ceiling during the transformation process. The third section is equal to the distance remaining to the floor.

Using a small tool, we measure the angle of inclination of the hatch in the open position and transfer it to the board, thereby marking the steps. Next, mark the lengths of the sections.

Pressing the boards tightly against each other and securing them with masking tape, we transfer all the markings to the second board (the lines should be a mirror image). Using a 25mm pen, we drill a hole where the hinge hinge will subsequently be located.

Now attention, we made the mistake of drilling both holes on one side because the second hole should be on the outside of the boards as noted in the photo.

For a more aesthetic appearance, we sand all the edges with a router.

On the strings of the stairs we make small recesses (5 mm) for the steps. Using glue and PSh self-tapping screws, we assemble all the parts together. It should look something like the photo.

Climbing into the attic or attic can be made very convenient. The most suitable option for this would be attic folding stairs, which combine compactness with practicality.

Peculiarities

The main feature of folding staircase structures is their compactness. It is thanks to it that you can free up maximum space, which is often so lacking. Most It stays folded for a while and does not interfere with movement at all, preserving the beauty of the interior.

Modern stairs to the attic look even more attractive when unfolded. They can easily transform any space, making it more interesting. With all this, folding stairs cope with their main functions perfectly.

Folding ladders are made from various materials and have many subspecies, which allows you to easily choose the most suitable option. Moreover, all models of stairs are easy to use. Modern attic ladders are very easy to reach and secure in the desired position.

Retractable ones are especially popular staircase structures in private homes where constant access to the attic is a necessity. They are much more convenient than stepladders or transformers, which need to be carried and installed, which is very difficult.

One of the features of the attic structure is that it is easy to make it yourself. Moreover, even an old wooden staircase can be turned into a comfortable attic.

Advantages and disadvantages

There are a lot of advantages to folding stairs to the attic, so first of all It is worth highlighting the main or brightest of them:

• The compactness of folding staircase structures is one of their main advantages. Moreover, such stairs can take up a minimum of space in any form: folded and unfolded.
• The ease of use of a folding ladder is undeniable. It literally “invisibly” waits for the hour of use. Then in a matter of seconds it can be unfolded and used for its intended purpose. At the same time, convenience and safety can be increased with the help of railings or overlays on metal steps.

• The lightness of the staircase structure is a huge plus, because sometimes a fragile girl needs to cope with it. This advantage significantly increases the popularity of folding models, which are much lighter compared to other ladder options.
• Ease of use is another advantage. It is enough to simply pull it out from under the hatch using special mechanisms, and then it’s also easy to push it back. Installing or completely removing the folding structure is also easy. The steps are so simple that even those who have not done anything similar can do them.
• The invisibility of the folding structure when not needed can also be considered one of its main advantages. After all, most stairs are bulky and immediately catch your eye, often disrupting the beauty of the space.
• The attractive price is another advantage. Even completely ready-made systems are inexpensive.

Of course, like any other ladder, a folding one has some disadvantages:

A large angle of inclination of a folding ladder is not always convenient, especially if you need to lift quite heavy or large things along it. They are also not suitable if you often have to go up and down into the attic.

The load capacity of folding stairs often does not exceed 150-200 kilograms.

Difficulties self-made Some types of attic structures are due to complex and very accurate calculations, as well as the mandatory presence of special tools.

Kinds

Retractable structures can be divided into types or models depending on the type of device, their appearance or the material from which they are made. For example, the type of devices allows us to distinguish the following types:

• folding;
• folding (leg);
• sliding (telescopic, sectional).

It is partly clear from the name that these types of transformers differ in the layout principle. To better understand them, it is worth considering the features of each of these types.

Folding is the most interesting option. This design includes several sections at once, which, when opened, gradually extend to the floor. The movement is carried out due to special hinges and hinges. Card loops on the side allow you to securely fix the structure on the wall when folded. When the staircase is unfolded, its appearance resembles a regular staircase due to its inclination angle of 45 degrees.

Among the disadvantages of the folding design, one should highlight its massiveness and not very attractive appearance and the need for a considerable amount of free space for layout.

The folding design has earned its popularity due to its compact size when folded. The most striking model of such a staircase was the scissor staircase, which is also called an “accordion”. Just by the name, the principle of operation of such a staircase becomes clear. When folded it looks like a block small size, and when unfolded, it unfolds like an accordion. This design unfolds very simply, you just have to pull the bottom step towards you.

The only disadvantage of the model is the unreliability of the interblock fastenings. Scissor models of folding stairs require careful handling and regular lubrication of the mechanisms located between the segments.

Among modern models There are even automatic folding scissor structures that are very convenient to use. No physical effort is required to pull them out.

Sliding transformable structures represent several flights of stairs, stacked or superimposed on one another. Among their advantages, it is worth noting the minimum storage space and low cost compared to other types. The convenience of sliding structures is also due to the flat steps on which the foot becomes stable without slipping

Sliding stairs are divided into two types:

• Telescopic. Telescopic structures are characterized by the extension of sections, like a nesting doll. It turns out that in tubes with a larger diameter, smaller tubes are attached, and in them even smaller ones. The folded state of the structure is held by clamps located on the outside metal beams. To fold the structure, it will be enough just to loosen the latch. This design is extremely simple to unfold. The disadvantage of this model can be considered problems that arise with the clamps over time. Often the metal fasteners jam, and the structure no longer straightens easily.

• Sectional. They are somewhat similar to scissor stairs, only in them the segments are stacked on top of each other, rather than pressed together. During the unfolding process, the sections are straightened and then fixed in a certain position. The number of sections in such a staircase can be two or even three. This type of staircase requires a stable platform to rest on the floor.

Materials

The materials from which folding stairs are made play a significant role. After all, they must provide staircases with strength, make them light and at the same time inexpensive. If we adequately consider all these important parameters, it becomes clear that best materials for attic stairs - wood and metal.

Wooden stairs predominantly made from trees coniferous species, for example, pine trees. Their advantages are reliability and low cost. Moreover, such stairs are not difficult to manufacture and assemble independently. Another advantage of such stairs is that they give the interior a special rustic flair.

The disadvantages of wooden attic stairs are due to their massiveness, short service life and low load capacity (up to 100 kilograms).

It is worth considering that in wooden models there are still metal parts. This means they will require additional care, such as regular lubrication.

Folding and sectional types of stairs are most often made from wood.

Metal folding stairs are much more common among modern models. Moreover, stairs made of steel or aluminum are absolutely in no way inferior to their wooden counterparts. Price metal stairs not much higher, and the load capacity reaches 200 kilograms. Moreover, such stairs are characterized by high strength, durability, high stability to mechanical influence. Aluminum stairs have one more additional benefit in the form of low weight.

The only disadvantage of metal stairs is the difficulty of making them yourself. This is due to the fact that such work requires welding equipment and appropriate knowledge and skills.

Prominent representatives of metal attic ladders include telescopic and scissor ladders. Moreover, telescopic ones are most often made of aluminum.

Combined models, made simultaneously from wood and metal, are often found and have advantages characteristic of both of these materials.

Dimensions

Regardless of the type of staircase in design or material, it should be as comfortable as possible and at the same time completely safe. When choosing an attic staircase or designing it, it is worth considering a number of parameters:

• The flight of stairs should be optimal width, equal to 60 - 70 centimeters.
• The structure should have an inclination angle varying from 45 to 75 degrees.
• The number of steps on the attic stairs should be optimal. It is best if there are about fifteen of them.
• The thickness of the steps is 2 centimeters and is considered the most convenient and suitable for a folding staircase structure.
• The steps of the stairs should be located along the entire span at the same distance from each other (within 17-22 centimeters).
• The horizontal part of the step must be at least 20 centimeters. This will ensure additional convenience at frequent use stairs.
• The dimensions of the staircase hatch should be slightly larger than the opening in order to cover it.

How to choose?

When choosing a staircase to the attic, the first thing to start with is to decide where exactly it will be located and measure the dimensions of the hatch.

The height of the room is very important when choosing stairs. In a three-meter room, a staircase 250 centimeters high is unlikely to be useful. It should be borne in mind that a structure designed for a large height can often be shortened if the height of the room is lower. To do this, it is enough to dismantle one or several last steps.

However, it is advisable that attic stair structures do not exceed a height of three meters so that the risk of injury does not increase.

When determining the size and location of the opening, special attention should also be paid to the ceiling. An obstacle to installing a ladder in a certain place may, for example, be reinforced concrete slab or wooden beam. If the overlap allows, then it is definitely better to give preference to models with a large hatch. They will have wider steps and a less steep climb.

The dimensions of the hatch are indicated in the passport finished product. IN this document The maximum distance by which it flies outside the hatch when it opens and closes is also indicated. This characteristic especially important when placing stairs in small spaces.

When choosing a folding staircase made of metal, it is recommended to choose models with anti-slip pads on the steps. All details metal structures

It is worth checking for corrosion protection, that is, they must be galvanized. Wooden attic staircases should be installed in areas that are not too dry or wet areas

. This precaution will extend their service life. When inspecting a wooden structure, it is worth checking its integrity, dryness and absence of knots. It would not be superfluous to clarify what protective mixtures were used to treat the wood and what finishing coating was used (most often paint or varnish).

Among modern models, you can choose both mechanical ones, which need to be unfolded by hand, and automatic ones with an electric drive.

In most cases, the attic is used to store unused and old things. In past times, few people could dare to use it for living space. Today, in pursuit of everyone square meter many people renovate the attic space, making living room. Accordingly, the attic staircase plays a key role in this case. In this article, we will look at the manufacture of this piece of furniture from different angles, and find out what types of stairs to the attic exist.

Devices and types of structures

Stairs are installed both outside and inside the house. The latter option has much greater advantages. To get into the attic space, you do not need to go through the yard. Several types of staircase designs should be distinguished:

Monolithic.

• Marching.

Folding attic stairs.

• Folding.
• Scissor.
• Telescopic.
• Folding or lever.

Portable.

• Attached.
• Stepladders.

As for the last option, such stairs are often used as temporary structures. For example, they are applicable in cases where the attic has to be used less often. Portable ladders are not as reliable.

If we talk about reliability, then, of course, we should note monolithic stairs, which have a wide flight and reliable railings. But if you small room, then it will be almost impossible to accommodate it. In such circumstances perfect option stairs - retractable. It is easy to use, safe and ergonomic.

Folding transforming ladder

Mostly, transforming stairs are made of metal or wood. If these two materials are combined, the result will be very worthy. For example, the flight of stairs is made of wood, and important components are made of metal: fastenings, mechanisms and springs. Wood will lighten the entire structure, and metal will add strength. For the manufacture of wooden elements It is better to use hard wood.

In some situations you can use plastic fittings. During the transformation process, the plastic eliminates friction. According to the opening method, folding stairs can be manual or automatic. For easy manual opening, a weight is attached to the ladder.

The main requirements for folding attic ladders are compact size and strength. The aesthetic appearance of the structure also plays an equally important role.

Sliding staircase with retractable flights

Scissor ladders are very popular. Its production is carried out only from metal parts. In another way it is called “accordion”. But they have a number of negative qualities. For example, over time, a flight of stairs will produce an unpleasant squeak as some parts wear out. But this can be prevented by promptly lubricating each working connection.

Telescopic ladder

This type of design consists of sections that slide out. When folded, it takes up little space, since the parts are assembled into one another. They are made mainly from aluminum. The telescopic ladder is highly durable.

Sectional and hinged

It can have 1–4 sections. The first is fixed on the lid. Subsequent sections are connected to each other and form a uniform flight of stairs. They are equipped with hinges and special hinges.

Folding

If you don't have space to spare, a folding ladder has clear advantages. In most cases it is folded into the wall. It can be pulled out if necessary. Using card loops, the steps are secured to the string. When folded, it hides into the wall.

General requirements for attic stairs

It is worth mentioning the standard sizes of such structures:

• The permissible march width is 650 mm.
• It is not recommended to make stairs more than 3000 mm in height. This will result in less rigidity of the structure, which may result in an accident. Besides everything else, too high design It will be difficult to fold.
• Steps in the amount of 13 to 15 pieces.
• There should be a gap of no more than 19.3 cm between the steps. Otherwise, the operation of the stairs will be difficult.
• The step should have a thickness of 1.8 to 2.2 cm.
• The standard tilt angle is 60–75°.
• The entire structure must withstand a weight of up to one hundred and fifty kilograms.
• The location of the steps is only parallel to the floor. For complete safety, you can stick anti-slip pads on them.

The size of the hatch should also be noted. Standard size They consider 120x70 cm. If the opening is smaller, then it will be inconvenient to climb. With large hatch sizes there will be large heat losses. If your attic will not be heated, then the hatch should be steam and heat insulated.

Location of the attic staircase

The stairs should not interfere with living in the house. For this reason, installing a staircase in the kitchen or bedroom would be impractical. Therefore, it can be placed, for example, in a corridor or hall. The selected room must be of appropriate size. In some cases, such stairs are used as an interior detail, so in some cases it may not be hidden. It is recommended to make a preliminary drawing to visualize the staircase in your interior.

Making a staircase from two sections

If you want to make simple stairs without complex mechanisms, then a ladder of two sections is an ideal option. To make it you will need:

• Wood saw.
• Roulette.
• Ladder.
• Card loops along the width of the stringer - 4 pieces.
• Beams - 2 pieces, 2–3 cm thick. The length should be equal to the width of the hatch.
• Loops, screws, hook and anchors.

Using a loop, a short beam is secured to the upper end of the stairs. The second, similar section of the block is on the lower part. They must be secured obliquely, otherwise they will interfere with movement. This design will be quite rigid. Afterwards, measure out 2/3 of the stairs and make a neat cut. Use metal loops to connect the two parts.

The hinges must be secured correctly, otherwise the ladder will open in the wrong direction.

Now mount the top bar on the wall under the hatch. To prevent the ladder from opening when folded, you can use a hook. To do this, screw a loop near the cut point and a hook at the appropriate distance into the wall. The two-section attic ladder is ready!

One of the disadvantages of this design is that it is always visible. But if you put in a little more effort, you can build a ladder with your own hands that will be hidden in the hatch.

Hiding the ladder behind the hatch

This type of ladder has three sections, but in this case it will be conveniently located in the hatch. First of all, decide on its location. For example, the opening has dimensions of 120x65 cm. Then, to prevent heat loss, the hatch should be cut 7–8 mm wider on each side. For work you will need the following material:

• A block with a cross section of 50×50 mm – 2 long and 2 short.
• Plywood, 10 mm thick.
• Plywood, 4 mm thick, for making gussets.
• PVA glue.
• Self-tapping screws.

At the end of each block, make a cut to half its thickness. Afterwards, coat these places with glue and connect everything together into a rectangle. For strength, you can additionally twist them together with self-tapping screws. So that you get an exact diagonal from 4 mm plywood, cut out a gusset.

When the glue has dried, remove the gussets and screw on a sheet of plywood with 10 mm self-tapping screws. Now try on the structure in the opening. If everything fits, then the measurements were taken accurately.

For an aesthetic appearance, cut a door latch into the lid. Using a screwed handle, you can open the hatch with a latch.

Mechanism for stairs with hatch – hinged without spring

One of important nodes folding attic ladder - opening mechanism. The simplest method is to buy it. But if you want to save family budget you can do it yourself.

To do this you will need:

• Corner – 1 piece.
• A piece of metal sheet.
• Two strips of different lengths.
• M10 bolts.
• Drill.
• Malka.
• Jigsaw.
• Teski.
• Clamps.

Manufacturing technology:

1. The first step is to make a drawing on cardboard of the stairs. In this case, you should indicate the approximate angle of its inclination in the open state.
2. Now cut out an example design from cardboard and individual parts. This will allow you to choose the correct hinge length.
3. Use metal strips to measure out the holes for the hinge. Measure distances according to preliminary measurements. A hole is made for an M10 bolt.
4. You assemble these parts together and tighten them slightly.
5. Now measure the desired angle using a measuring rod. Then move the mechanism to the desired angle.
6. On the metal, mark the area that will be covered by a corner when opened. Use a jigsaw to cut it out.
7. At this stage you give the stripes marketable condition. Round the corners and trim off any excess length. This will allow them not to cling to each other and, accordingly, not to interfere with each other.
8. After removing excess metal, the corner will rest in the required position. The first mechanism is ready!
9. To prepare the second mechanism, fasten each pair of parts together with clamps. This will allow you to make an identical part. Drill the holes.
10. Insert a bolt into the finished hole and drill a second one.
11. Having twisted the workpieces with two bolts, equalize them in length and give them the same shape.

All parts of the mechanism are made using this principle. As a result, you will be able to make two identical parts of the mechanism.

When the mechanisms are ready, they should be attached to the hatch that was made earlier. In this case, you should try on the hatch with mechanisms to the opening.

In the open position, the hatch should not touch the walls of the opening. If necessary, it can be adjusted. In order for the entire structure to be held well, another one should be made important detail. To do this, take two strips 2 cm wide, as well as a corner. Weld a small piece of metal to the end of one of the strips. The corner will act as a supporting platform.

So, you will make a hinge that, in the open position, will bend slightly, but at the same time withstand the entire load. Among other things, it must open completely. This will evenly distribute the load created by the hinged ladder.

Staircase made of wood on bowstrings

Let's make a staircase out of wood. Take an inch board ten centimeters wide. It will be useful for making bowstrings and steps. The first section is made exactly along the length of the hatch, the second is similar, and the third is slightly smaller. As for the last section, its length should be equal to the remaining distance between the floor and the two sections when unfolded. Here you will also need to use a small spoon. Measure the slope of the angle of the staircase when it is unfolded. Transfer these measurements to the board and mark the steps. This is done in two long sections. These lines should be applied evenly across the two boards. To do this, they can be secured with tape. The lines drawn must be mirror-like. In places where there will be hinges, drill 25 holes with a pen.

The holes should be on both sides of the boards, so first make holes on inside, and then with the external one. Sand each hole with a router.

This will give the blanks an aesthetic appearance. Cut the boards where the segments join.

Slice required amount steps, sand them. For each step on the string, make small holes of 5 mm. Assemble the entire structure using PVA glue and self-tapping screws.

Making metal loops

To connect the sections of the march, loops should also be made. Thanks to their presence, the staircase will fold and unfold, respectively. For this purpose, you will need to take a metal strip 2.5 cm wide. You will need eight such strips. Weld a small piece of a similar strip to four of them. Make holes in each of them that will be used to attach the ladder.

Now lay the first and second segment of the ladder on a flat surface. The joint between them should be quite tight. Screw the hinge so that the hinge bolt fits into the recess in the center of the connected sections. On the other hand, the edge of the bowstring will be a reference point. After screwing the two hinges, check the ladder to see if it bends. If everything works properly, connect the third segment using the same example.

Installation of a folding structure in the opening

Now only a little remains. When all the parts you have made are finished and connected to each other, you can begin installation in the opening.

First, treat all metal parts with a metal primer, spray paint, and apply two coats of varnish to the wooden elements.

When the entire structure has dried, all that remains is to secure it with anchors in the opening to the attic. After much work, the folding ladder is ready! You can find photo instructions at the end of the article.

How to make a folding attic ladder?

You can climb into the attic or into the attic you have made using a folding ladder. To do this you will need the following building material:

• To make a bowstring, 2 boards. Thickness 30 mm, width 200 mm. The length directly depends on the angle of inclination of the stairs and the height of the ceiling.
• Boards for steps. Width 120 mm, thickness 30 mm, length 500 mm.
• There are two card loops for each step.
• Self-tapping screws.
• Anchor.
• Hook for mounting the structure on the wall.

To successfully assemble the stairs to the ceiling, the upper edge of the stationary string should not reach 550 mm.

So, all the work is done in the following sequence:

• Anchor one string to the wall. The fastening itself must be rigid, since the entire structure will be supported on it.
• Mark the steps. Mark the position of the first parallel to the floor. Draw a segment, the length is equal to the width of the step 120 mm.
• Now draw two parallel straight lines through the ends of the segment parallel to the edges of the bowstring.
• Then draw a perpendicular from the end of the first segment.
• From this line, step back 10 mm to the right and draw a line parallel to the perpendicular.
• The point of intersection of this line with the upper one, which is drawn parallel to the edge of the bowstring, determines the location of the next step. This principle is used to mark all subsequent steps.

To prevent the steps from rubbing against each other when folding, a space of one centimeter is required between them. Transfer all these markings to the second string and attach the steps in the marked places. As for the loops, they should be located on a stationary bowstring so that they ultimately raise the steps up, and lower the movable bowstring down. Accordingly, a hook is mounted in suitable places on the wall. This is perhaps the simplest and fastest method of making a folding attic ladder.

It's a small matter

So, we have looked at several options for making an attic ladder with your own hands. Of course, at first it may seem like an unthinkable task, but with effort and diligence, anything can be done. Leave your comments on this article and share your impressions!

Photo

When building a house, many people include an attic in the layout. Naturally, you can’t do without a ladder. In order to make the descent and ascent as comfortable as possible for all inhabitants of the house, we suggest studying all the nuances of this design and the requirements for its construction. Creating an attic staircase with your own hands is not a difficult task; all you need is to have all the necessary materials, drawings, tools and allocate some free time.

Options for folding stairs to the attic

Stationary design (flight or screw) .

Built for permanent use. Reliable, safe, convenient, but takes up enough space.

Folding with hatch. Installed at the entrance to the attic hatch. It is compact, but has less reliability and safety compared to the previous one. Depending on the type of design, it can be folding, scissor telescopic or lever.

• Scissor - most often completely metal. The folding mechanism resembles an accordion. In the process of caring for the structure, lubrication is necessary, otherwise creaking cannot be avoided over time.

• Telescopic– usually aluminum, quite light and rigid. When unfolding, the sections of the ladder slide out from one another.

• Folding (lever)– two-, three- or four-section design. The first part is attached to the hatch opening and is equal to its dimensions. The remaining sections, connected by hinges and hinges, are laid out into a flight of stairs.

• Folding - when assembled it is fixed on the wall. Card loops are used to attach the steps to the string.

Attached (ladder). The least safe and extremely inconvenient for daily use.

Requirements for attic stairs

• Safety. The design must be reliable and durable. This applies to both the material used and the fasteners. IN in some cases Anti-slip pads for steps are recommended.
• Stair parameters. For comfortable use, steps with dimensions of 70 cm (width) x 30 cm (depth) x 20 cm (height) are considered optimal. From the point of view of safety and reliability, the total length of the entire structure should not exceed 3 m. The recommended tilt angle is 45°. Although options from 60 to 70° are possible. Classic design has 10 - 15 steps about 2 cm thick. The surface of the steps must be parallel to the floor. The structure must be able to withstand a load of at least 150 kg.
• Hatch dimensions. The best option is 120 x 70 cm. If you make it smaller, it will be inconvenient to use, larger size

the opening will contribute to very significant heat loss. If there is no heating in the attic, you can provide heat and vapor barrier for the hatch.

Location of the stairs Stairs to the attic can be external or internal. The latter, of course, are much more convenient; you can go up to the attic without leaving your home. The structures are usually located in the corridor or hall. It should be placed in such a way as not to interfere with the free movement of the residents of the house. It is important to remember that the area it occupies when unfolded is in inverse relationship

from the angle of inclination. The smaller it is, the more space will be required.

Manufacturing and installation of a folding ladder with a hatch to the attic

Building a folding attic ladder with your own hands is not difficult; you just need to follow the instructions below.

Let's look at ways to make different types of folding attic stairs.

Simple two-section ladder By custom sizes

We make a simple ladder. Next, the finished flight of stairs is sawn into two unequal parts (1/3 and 2/3). They are fastened together with card loops, and the structure takes on a folding appearance. It is attached to the wall under the hatch wooden beam

. Using hinges, the staircase structure is secured to it.

In order not to open, the ladder is fixed to the wall using a hook, the loop of which is located at the point where the sections are connected.

The main disadvantage of such a ladder is that it cannot be hidden in a hatch. If it is important for the owners that the structure does not spoil the appearance, you can make a three-section staircase.

Staircase of three sections

The finished design will look like this.

To make the hatch frame, we need 4 beams, equal in size to the length and width of the lid (section 5 x 5 cm). Cuts 2.5 cm deep are made at their ends, and they are coated with glue. The bars are fastened with self-tapping screws. To ensure that the diagonals are perfectly even, you can use temporary scarves made of thin plywood sheets. When the frame is ready, the gussets are removed and the cut-out blank of the hatch cover is fixed on it using self-tapping screws.

The next stage is the manufacture of the staircase mechanism itself. This is a version with hinges without a spring. The entire set of parts for it can be purchased at the store, but we will tell you how you can make it yourself.

First, on sheets of cardboard, you should recreate the drawing of the planned staircase, taking into account the opening angle of the hatch. We try on the cut out model on site. This will help us determine required length hinges

To make one mechanism we need metal elements: rectangle, 2 strips of different sizes, corner. We drill holes for hinges for bolts No. 10. We assemble and tighten the parts. Using a small tool, we measure the angle at which the hatch will open and open the structure to the desired angle. On the rectangle, select the area overlapped by the resulting angle and cut it out with a jigsaw.

We cut off the excess from the metal strips and round them at the ends. Now the corner can be locked in the required position.

Next, we make a similar element in a mirror version. To do this, each pair of parts is secured to clamps. A hole is drilled into which the bolt is inserted. Next, a second hole is drilled. The blanks are twisted with two bolts and aligned in length. All elements are created in this way.

The resulting mechanisms are mounted to the lid. The manufactured structure is hung on the hatch.

Now let's start making the sections. Their dimensions will be: the first - 90% of the length of the hatch, the second - 90% of the length of the first, the third - the length of the flight of stairs minus the lengths of the first two.

We need 15 linear meters. m. boards (10 x 3 cm). We mark them according to the calculations, and the angle of the march is transferred to the bowstrings. Bowstrings are mounted in a mirror manner; this must be taken into account when marking and drilling. Holes are made at the connecting points of the staircase parts - in a mirror image through one.

According to the calculated sizes of the sections, we cut the boards into strings. Using a file, we process the holes. Cut out the steps. All elements are polished, chamfers are rounded. Next, using a chisel, according to the marked marks, we cut out grooves for the steps.

Each part of the structure is tightened with self-tapping screws using wood glue.

We make loops from metal strips 2 cm wide. We should get four strips 16 cm long and four 12 cm long. The legs are welded to the short ones, in which a 0.8 cm hole is pre-drilled. The length of the short strips with legs should be equal to the long ones. Now we have eight elements of equal length, four of them have a step. We tighten the mechanisms with bolts.

Now we carry out the general assembly of the flight of stairs on the manufactured hinges.

We do not recommend using self-tapping screws to attach the structure to the hatch cover. For this we need bolts - they are more reliable. Having completed the assembly, we conduct a test. If everything worked out and there is no need to adjust the mechanism, remove the ladder to paint it. Varnish and spray paint for metal are recommended for processing.