Do-it-yourself textured cinder block. Making cinder blocks with your own hands: instructions for making them at home. This machine has special mechanisms
Cinder block is a building material made from special concrete mixture by vibration pressing. Buildings made from this material are warm, the construction process is quite simple and does not take much time. Thanks to this, cinder blocks have become very popular in private construction.
In addition, you can build completely on cinder blocks. profitable business. To do this, you need to have a special recipe and production technology, and also try to automate the process of making cinder blocks with your own hands at home.
Cinder blocks can be either hollow or solid. Solid cinder blocks are most often used for external cladding and foundations, as they have excellent strength characteristics. In turn, hollow cinder blocks can provide good sound and heat insulation of walls. In addition, thanks to the voids, the consumption of raw materials can be significantly reduced, which will affect the cost of production. Strength characteristics at the same time fully satisfy all requirements.
Hollow blocks in which slag (cinder blocks), expanded clay ( expanded clay concrete blocks) or sawdust ( arbolite blocks). Such blocks have very good heat-insulating properties, which allows them to be used as insulation. By using the thermal insulation blocks described above in construction, you can make the walls of a building warmer without increasing their thickness. These blocks are significantly larger than ordinary brick, whereby construction works are carried out much faster and easier, and mortar is saved during laying.
When using fillers, which are most often free, you can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity and cost of products, as well as increase their strength characteristics.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of this building material include the following:
- It is possible to make cinder blocks with your own hands at home.
- There are various techniques. In addition to autoclave treatment, the material can be dried by steam or at room temperature.
- The building will have minimal heat loss.
- Short construction period and low cost. Walls are erected very quickly thanks to large sizes blocks. In addition, the consumption of the solution during construction is quite small, which saves time on its preparation.
- By changing the proportions of the recipe when making cinder blocks, you can endow the products with certain properties that are necessary for their use.
- You can produce products of any shape and size, which is very convenient. In addition, this can often make installation much easier.
But cinder blocks, like any other material, have some disadvantages:
- The environmental issue is quite pressing, especially with regard to products containing blast furnace slag.
- Quite low frost resistance.
- The material requires enhanced protection from moisture.
- Cinder blocks are quite fragile and therefore not suitable for foundation installation. Even when erecting walls, it is necessary to take into account the load and height of the future building.
Application
Most often, cinder blocks are used for the construction of low-rise buildings, but according to some data, cinder blocks can also be used to build a foundation if they contain “high” grade cement.
Cinder blocks can act as additional insulation during the construction of frame structures.
General requirements
High-quality cinder blocks can be made even in a garage, provided that you know the recipe and manufacturing technology. A standard cinder block has dimensions of 39x19x20 cm and three small holes.
In order for the cinder block to be of high quality and have the necessary strength, you will need:
- vibropressing equipment;
- high-quality cement (not lower than M400);
- blast furnace slag;
- coarse sand.
Slag is obtained during coal processing, that is, it is the most the best filler for blocks. But now, due to active use gas, ash and slag began to be produced in much smaller volumes. Therefore, more and more often, slag is replaced with zitoconcrete, which has a higher cost.
This building material is now becoming more and more popular due to its low price and excellent sound and heat insulation. In addition, calculations show that when making cinder blocks with your own hands, for one block you will need 0.011 cubic meters of solution (if you use a 1:7 ratio), that is, a bag of cement will be enough for you to produce 36 blocks! This is simply a great result.
High-quality cinder blocks must have the most accurate geometry possible, since if there are various flaws and large irregularities on the surface of the blocks, you will have to spend a significant amount of money on the construction of the walls of your building. In order to get a perfectly flat cinder block, you must always fill the vibroform to the very edges, since otherwise the blocks will be crooked. It is advisable to fill the vibroform not even to the brim, but with a reserve, since then the concrete will be slightly shaken by vibration.
The production process is as follows: first, the vibrating mold is turned on for 5-15 seconds, after which it is necessary to evaluate the level of the solution in the mold. If it ends up below the edge of the mold, you will need to set the clamp and turn on the vibration again. You need to turn off the vibration when it hits the limiter. After this, you will need to simultaneously pull out the form and turn off the vibrator.
How to fill the form?
If desired, arrange independent production cinder blocks, you must remember that the ideal composition simply does not exist, since each master has his own unique recipe, depending on the slag available and suitable for specific needs. But there is a certain standard, according to which cinder blocks have the following composition: 1.5-3 parts water, 1.5 parts cement, the grade of which should not be lower than M400, 2 parts sand and 7 parts slag. As mentioned above, a standard cinder block has dimensions of 39x19x20 cm, while in private construction dimensions of 40x20x20 cm can be used.
In addition to slag, other coal combustion waste, as well as broken bricks, gypsum, granite and stone screenings, perlite, processed sawdust, gravel and ash can be used as a filler for blocks. In order to achieve greater plasticity, you can add 5 grams of plasticizer per block during vibration casting. The plasticizer can significantly increase the strength of the block, eliminate cracks, and also increase its water resistance and frost resistance.
Be very careful with the amount of water, make sure that the blocks do not spread when removed. To be more confident, you can test the solution - if it comes together in your fist, but crumbles when dropped, then this is what you need!
The concrete that will be required for the construction of a small private bathhouse can be prepared manually yourself, and if you are planning to build a larger facility, then you will need an electric concrete mixer with a volume of about 0.2-0.5 cubic meters.
Manufacturing process
To get high-quality cinder blocks as a result, you need to follow these steps:
- At the very beginning, you need to put a solution into the mold with a slide and turn on the vibrator for 3-5 seconds to precipitate the solution. If the solution is not enough, it should be reported. After this, you need to insert the clamp and start the vibrator again. When the clamp reaches the limiter, the formation of the block will be completed.
- Next, you need to carefully remove the form, including the machine.
- The finished blocks need to be dried for about 5-7 days, and they will reach complete hardening, being in heat and high humidity, only after a month.
- You can carefully move the blocks without fear that they will break within a day, but you can store them together only after a week. If you added a plasticizer when creating the blocks, then they can be transported and stored in 6-8 hours.
Most often, finished cinder blocks are stored in pyramidal stacks, each of which can contain about a hundred blocks, with small spaces between each other for good drying. After a couple of months of drying, these blocks become suitable for construction.
Manufacturing of vibration machine
If your goal is to build one small building, for example, a bathhouse, then you can produce blocks in ordinary carrying boxes. If you are planning to build more large object, then you will most likely need a machine that may not have a vibrating plate and may be homemade. Moreover, the production of blocks can drag you down and you may want to open own business, which will require you to automate the process. In addition, after building a bathhouse, you can build nice barn, beautiful gazebo or even a garage. If you have a handmade vibrating machine on hand, you can use it to save a lot of time.
In order to make a machine for producing cinder blocks with your own hands, you will need:
- fittings having a diameter of 12 mm;
- sheet iron having a thickness of approximately 3 mm;
- grinder and electric welding;
- a high-speed engine with a power of approximately 0.5-0.7 kW, which must have two shafts.
When making cinder blocks with your own hands, the vibration time is only 5-15 seconds. Then the vibroform is removed and after a day the cinder blocks can be stored. Using simple home machine, you can make about 50 cinder blocks per hour, which is a pretty good result.
This material has been known for a long time. It is attractive because, providing the structure with all the necessary qualities, including durability, it makes it possible to carry out work with insignificant financial costs. But before you figure out how to make cinder blocks with your own hands, it’s worth dwelling on their main characteristics and use.
Initially, the cinder block production technology involved the use of blast furnace waste as a filler in the production of concrete solutions. But over time it began to be used as such granite crushed stone, expanded clay, broken bricks and some other materials. But common name That’s what remains – “cinder blocks”.
Such wall stones(another name) can be ordinary and facial, empty or full-bodied. The choice depends on the location of their installation and operating conditions. The production technology is also different: casting, vibrocompression and a number of other methods. Moreover, the binder can be not only traditionally used cement, but also gypsum, lime, clay, as well as substances based on the same slags.
Product Features
1. The possibility of making cinder blocks on your own at home.
2. Variety of methods. In addition to autoclaving, the material can be dried either at ambient temperature or by steam treatment.
3. Minimum heat loss of the building.
4. Low cost and short construction time. Given the size of the blocks, the walls are built quickly. And if we take into account that the solution consumption is small, then less time is spent on its preparation.
5. By changing the proportions for the cinder block, you can give the product certain qualities required at the place of use.
6. Receiving products of any size and shape, which significantly increases ease of use and in many cases greatly facilitates installation.
But it is worth noting the existing disadvantages:
- From an environmental point of view, there are many questions. Especially for products that contain blast furnace slag;
- low indicators characterizing frost resistance;
- from the point of view of moisture absorption, the material needs enhanced protection;
- fragility. A cinder block is clearly not suitable for installing a foundation. When erecting walls, you should also take into account the height and expected load.
Application
- As a rule, for the construction of low-rise buildings for various purposes. There is an opinion that cinder blocks can also be used to construct foundations if they contain “high” grades of cement. However, practitioners do not advise doing this and choosing a different material for the foundation of the house.
- As additional insulation in frame structures.
According to reviews, you can prepare cinder blocks yourself, and without any practical skills. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of professionals. Let's look at the manufacturing method at home.
Instructions on how to make a cinder block yourself
1. Manufacturing homemade machine for cinder block. The simplest option is from smooth boards. They are made into a long box in which removable partitions are installed. They can be made of any hard material: wood, plywood, metal, plastic. To fix them, grooves are cut into the boards at appropriate distances. The cell sizes depend on the required dimensions of the products.
Mold drawings for cinder blocks
In order to prevent deformation of the box from moisture during the production process, everything internal surfaces are painted.
The finished form should be placed on a solid, level base.
2. Slag preparation. It is necessary to mix its fractions different sizes. Each of them imparts certain properties to the final product. Large ones reduce heat loss, but at the same time reduce strength. Small ones are the opposite. Mixing allows you to get " golden mean" Ratio: 3 parts small – 7 parts large. To do this, the raw materials are sifted several times through sieves with different cells.
The slag is moistened 5–6 hours before the start of preparation of the composition. This will allow the cement grains to form a better “bundle” with the aggregate fractions.
3. Preparation of the solution. Proportion – 1 to 10 (cement – slag). The main thing is to mix thoroughly. It is necessary to foresee in advance the volume of container in which to prepare it.
4. Pouring the solution. If the block should be solid, then the cells of the form are filled, a little short of reaching top level. Preparing hollow products involves making rigid “inserts” that, after removal, will leave a cavity in the block. You can use bottles, including plastic ones. But they must be filled with water and sealed. After 3–4 hours, the bottles are removed, and they need to be unscrewed so as not to “disturb” the entire mass.
It is possible to establish industrial production at home. The form must have handles for carrying, since after filling it with the solution it is placed on a vibrating table. You can make it yourself, or you can buy it. But it will cost 20,000 rubles or more, depending on the configuration. A vibrating sieve is also available for sale - from 26,000 rubles.
Practical advice
- Blocks made from cement have the greatest strength. In second place is made from lime.
- To increase the strength of the product, it is necessary to replace some of the small slag granules with sand.
- Mixing cement with lime (or clay) in a 3:1 ratio will save money without compromising quality.
- Before pouring the solution, the insides of the mold are wiped to prevent the blocks from sticking to the bottom and walls. This is done with diesel fuel, waste oil and similar means. After removing the products, the mold is also cleaned and dried, and only then the manufacturing process is resumed.
- The thicker the solution, the faster it hardens. In this case, the proportion for it is 1:8.
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Cinder blocks are attractive due to their low cost. This building material is often used for the rapid construction of low-rise buildings. Already from the name it is clear that cinder blocks are made from slag and, as a rule, at specialized enterprises using the method of vibrocompression of concrete mortar in special forms. If necessary, you can make them yourself. Below is information on how to make a cinder block with your own hands. Such a need may arise, for example, if you suddenly need cinder blocks of non-standard sizes.
Preparation of the solution
Let us list the components of the concrete solution for making cinder blocks (basic recipe):
- 7 parts of filler (coal slag from blast furnaces sifted through a special sieve);
- 2 parts of fairly coarse expanded clay sand;
- 2 parts of gravel (with a fraction from 5 to 15 millimeters);
- 1.5 parts of cement (grade M 500);
- 3 parts water (approx.)
In addition to slag, the following are used as fillers: gypsum, expanded clay, ash, gravel, sand, brick waste, crushed stone, coal ash, crushed stone screenings and other available materials.
Throughout the process of making cinder blocks, it is necessary to ensure that the solution does not spread.
If blast furnace slag is used as a filler, then concrete mortar Under no circumstances should other additives be added.
For gypsum filler you should take:
- 1 part plaster;
- 3 parts of moistened slag mixture;
- water.
The solution is mixed in 6 minutes and must be used immediately.
If you add a plasticizer to the prepared solution, the additive will give it good plasticity, and the manufactured blocks will be more durable, frost-resistant and waterproof.
When adding dye to the mixture, for example, you can add special chalk, or crushed red bricks into the powder, you can make colored cinder blocks.
Methods for making cinder block
Do it yourself special devices It's quite easy to make cinder blocks. The technology usually uses two types of equipment:
- Wooden (metal) molds for drying small blocks.
- Specially manufactured machines. You can do them yourself, but you can turn to any turner you know for help.
Using forms
As already mentioned, molds for cinder blocks can be wooden or metal. Standard sizes– 390x190x188 mm, but in principle they can be made of any required sizes.
The form consists of side walls and a bottom. Its height must correspond to the height of the blocks being produced. Between two small boards (metal plates) crossbars are attached with a pitch corresponding to the length of the blocks being made. The distance between the boards (metal plates) used must be equal to the thickness of the material. It is recommended to make forms with cells into which concrete will be poured, from 4 to 6 blocks - good way saving material.
The solution poured into such forms must be quite liquid, then the homogeneous mass fills all the voids well.
To lighten the blocks and reduce costs, empty glass bottles are placed neck down in all molds filled with the mixture. The mixture is well leveled, i.e. Excess solution is removed from the surface of the molds.
After about five hours, the bottles are removed, leaving voids (cavities) in the finished blocks. Without removing them from the mold, the cinder blocks should be dried for a day. After the required time has passed, they are carefully removed from the mold and placed in stacks. The cinder blocks lie in this form for a month, and only after a month are they considered suitable for construction.
Using special equipment
Of course, with the use of special equipment, casting cinder blocks will be more productive. And the quality of the resulting blocks will be higher. Do required machine you can do it yourself, but all this will require larger financial expenses, since you will have to purchase a small concrete mixer with a vibrating table. In addition to this, you will need:
- steel sheet(thickness 2-3 millimeters);
- asynchronous motor (power from 100 V);
- loads necessary to create vibration and imbalance;
- cylinders for the formation of voids.
Once you have assembled your equipment, you can begin making cinder blocks.
The solution is poured into special molds for casting blocks, pre-moistened with water, after which the molds are placed on a special vibrating plate. The stove turns on for about five seconds. During this time, the solution should settle in the molds. Next, you need to add a small amount of the mixture and turn on the vibrating plate again, wait until the limiter operates and that’s it - the process of forming cinder blocks on the equipment you created can be considered complete. After 10 seconds, the form is removed, but you must wait until the unit stops completely.
To ensure that the front side of the cinder blocks is perfect, they are laid out on a flat rubber surface while drying.
Video
You can see how cinder blocks are made at home by watching this video.
Among the many building materials there are the so-called “old-timers,” which include cinder block. He is the progenitor of all modern building blocks, which in Lately gained unprecedented popularity. According to production technology, this material is obtained through the process of vibrocompression of a solution in a special form.
In this article you can find
It contains slag, waste from coal combustion, ash, crushed stone screenings, sand, gravel, sawdust and many other things that are found in the region of your residence. It is noteworthy that you can produce cinder blocks yourself; if you had the desire and a small amount to purchase equipment and components for the solution.
Cinder block composition and proportions
As already mentioned, its raw materials can be a variety of materials, so there are several batch recipes. But the main component of cinder block is cement. A filler and a plasticizing additive are added to it and all this is diluted with water to the required consistency. If you change the components, you get lightweight concrete wood concrete Includes: wood, cement and a number of chemical additives.
Usually, for such a solution, Portland cement M 400 is taken. If there is another one, then it can also be used, but it will be necessary to maintain other proportions to prepare the composition. If you choose cement of a lower grade, its percentage should be increased by 15%, and when using concrete best quality
You can find out what vibration-pressed wall blocks look like from this
Available materials are used as fillers: ash, sawdust, scrap bricks, crushed stone, gravel, sand and other construction waste and more. Their choice depends on the required production cost and the quality of the future cinder block.
Video shows cinder block production technology:
The plasticizing additive is not a mandatory component, but its presence in the solution is desirable.
The video shows the cinder block production technology, proportions:
The cinder block production process is not complicated, but it is labor-intensive and requires a lot of physical effort. Especially at first, until production is streamlined.
In the video - making cinder blocks with your own hands:
Necessary equipment for production
Not everyone can make a machine on their own, so there are a variety of models on sale with different characteristics.
The most popular is the MARS unit.. It combines best option value for money. Its mobility and productivity are appreciated by many builders. The unit has small dimensions and several variations. There are models with many functions or only one. After it, cinder blocks with round and square voids, thin-walled and other versions can be obtained. 
Vibrating machine 1 ICS is suitable for home use. This is a miniature version industrial units for the production of cinder blocks. It has three configurations: universal, standard and special (designed for the production of three types of blocks). Its weight is only 45 kg, so many people purchase the device because of its portability. But, despite its small dimensions, this crumb can produce up to 70 blocks per hour. 
An interesting representative of vibropress machines. It can produce four blocks in one cycle. This unit is different high performance and reliability. When using it there are no problems, additional investments and frequent repairs he doesn't demand. 
Comanche-34 pays for itself within a few days. Its purchase is especially beneficial for those who produce cinder blocks for sale. It is capable of producing from 30 to 120 blocks per hour. Its weight is 160 kg. It provides for changing the size of blocks by readjusting equipment.
And the features of their use are indicated in the article.
Cinder block is a reliable building material that has long been widely used due to its low cost and good, even in comparison with modern materials, technical characteristics. The manufacturing technology is clear and simple and can be used to produce these blocks at home.
If you are interested in the question of maximum cost reduction building materials, then you can think about how to make a machine for cinder blocks with your own hands. This can only be done using a vibration machine. Of course, you can purchase such equipment, but it is quite expensive, and it will only be justified if you want to put product molding into production. That is why experts advise making the matrix yourself, but you can read about the rules for carrying out this work below.
You can easily make a production machine yourself. Cinder blocks act as the most affordable and simple stone material for building walls. It was invented more than 100 years ago, the combination of characteristics of this insulating and structural material makes it indispensable today. The development of mass private construction, which especially concerns farms and subsidiary plots, requires a constant reduction in the costs of constructing non-residential premises.
Today, almost everything that comes to hand is used to build storerooms, sheds and barns. If you want to do the work using high-quality products, then you can make a cinder block machine yourself.
Work technology
You must understand the point that the final product made using a homemade machine will not have such high durability and strength as factory-made blocks. This is due to the fact that it cannot withstand all the rules and features of the technology, because you will not have the opportunity to use the steaming stage, which saturates the material with the necessary moisture. However, self-made blocks can be used to build lungs. one-story houses. Their service life will be 30 years.
If you decide to make a machine for cinder blocks, then keep in mind that the main part of such equipment will be a form for the raw mixture, or a matrix. These parts are a steel box in which elements in the form of voids are installed. A die is a machine that can be used to perform a specific step of operations manually.
Preparation of materials and tools
In order to make a machine for cinder blocks, you should stock up on a grinder, a welding machine and a vice. You will also need a 3 mm steel sheet, the size of which will be 1 square meter. Prepare a 3mm strip, the width of which is 0.3 meters. Nuts and bolts will serve as additional components. Be sure to stock up on a pipe, the diameter of which can vary from 75 to 90 millimeters. Its length should be one meter. You will need an electric motor, the power of which can vary from 500 to 750 watts.
Work order
If you decide to make a cinder block machine on your own, you will have to follow the technology. At the first stage, it provides for the need to determine the dimensions of a standard cinder block. The master must take into account the required dimensions of the future product. The side parts of the matrix are cut out of the sheet, and you need to expect that for 2 blocks you will need a structure that will be equipped with a partition in the center. Thus, you should end up with a kind of box in which there will be two compartments. The voids must provide this wall, the thickness of which is at least 30 millimeters. Taking this into account, you need to determine the height of the parallelepiped or cylinder. This will limit the voids.
Equipment manufacturing method
If you decide to make your own cinder block machine with your own hands, the drawings of which must be prepared in advance, you need to cut 6 pieces of pipe. Their length should equal the height of the cylinder.
In order to give the cylinders a cone shape, it is necessary to cut each element lengthwise to the central part, and then compress it with a vice, connecting it using welding machine. This will reduce the diameter by 3 millimeters. The cylinders are welded on both sides. They will need to be connected to each other in the form of a row along the long side of the future product. In the center of each of the compartments of the matrix being manufactured, it is necessary to make cuts, and then strengthen the eyes with reverse side. This is required to temporarily fix the void limiters, which will make it possible to manufacture blocks.
When making a cinder block machine with your own hands, the drawings should definitely be reviewed before work begins. On one of the cross walls you need to weld 4 bolts for the mounting holes. The blades and apron are welded along the edges. All parts are polished and cleaned before applying paint.
At the next stage, the master makes a mold. This element is a plate with holes, the diameter of the latter should be approximately 5 millimeters larger than the cylinder. It is important to make the plate so that it can freely sink to a depth of 70 millimeters into the box where the limiters will be located.
Handles are attached to the press, which will be convenient to use during operation of the equipment. At the next stage, the entire structure is painted, and then a vibration motor is installed.
What else needs to be taken into account during production
In order to convert a conventional electric motor, turning it into a vibration motor, it will be necessary to add eccentric shafts to it, which are welded in the form of bolts. Their axes must coincide. The nuts are screwed onto the bolts, and it is important to select the vibration frequency and amplitude. If you make such a matrix, it will act as the basis for a walking or stationary machine. If you want to modernize the design, you will need the skills of a mechanic.
Block material
After the machine for making cinder blocks is ready, you can think about what will form the basis of the products. Theoretically, they can be made from anything; expanded clay concrete, clay, and sawdust concrete are suitable. As the most suitable composition The mixture consists of 1 part sand, 3 parts granulated slag and 1 part cement.
The decisive point when carrying out this work will be the ratio of water in the mixture. No matter how good the machine is, if the mixture is prepared incorrectly, the products will turn out to be of poor quality. The water content can be easily determined by eye. The mixture should hold its shape without crumbling. The raw materials are placed in a matrix to form blocks during the pressing process. When making a machine, instead of voids, you can use broken bricks, sharp-angled stones or glass bottles.
Working with the machine
You can easily make the drawings of a machine for cinder blocks yourself. It is important to correctly understand the technology that was described above, as well as study the features of working with homemade device. Before the first loading of raw materials, all contact surfaces must be lubricated with oil, and the solution will not stick to the metal.
