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Kalashnikov technologies and formulations of especially strong concrete. A method for preparing a self-compacting, especially high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties and a method for producing concrete products from the resulting mixture.

Abstract of the dissertation on this topic ""

As a manuscript

FINE-GRAINED REACTIVE POWDER DISPERSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE USING ROCKS

Specialty 05.23.05 - Construction materials and products

The work was carried out at the department of “Technology of concrete, ceramics and binders” in the state educational institution of higher education vocational education"Penza State University architecture and construction" and at the institute building materials and structures of the Technical University of Munich.

Scientific adviser -

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Valentina Serafimovna Demyanova

Official opponents:

Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the RAASN, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Pavlovich Selyaev

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Oleg Vyacheslavovich Tarakanov

Leading organization - OJSC "Penzastroy", Penza

The defense will take place on July 7, 2006 at 16:00 at the meeting dissertation council D 212.184.01 at the state educational institution of higher professional education "Penza State University of Architecture and Construction" at the address: 440028, Penza, st. G. Titova, 28, building 1, conference room.

The dissertation can be found in the library of the state educational institution higher professional education "Penza State University of Architecture and Construction"

Scientific secretary of the dissertation council

V. A. Khudyakov

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

With a significant increase in the strength of concrete under uniaxial compression, crack resistance inevitably decreases and the danger of brittle failure of structures increases. Dispersed reinforcement of concrete with fiber eliminates these negative properties, which makes it possible to produce concrete of classes higher than 80-100 with a strength of 150-200 MPa, which has a new quality - a viscous nature of destruction.

Analysis scientific works in the field of dispersed reinforced concrete and their production in domestic practice shows that the main orientation does not pursue the goal of using high-strength matrices in such concrete. The class of dispersed reinforced concrete in terms of compressive strength remains extremely low and is limited to B30-B50. This does not allow for good adhesion of the fiber to the matrix or full use of steel fiber even with low tensile strength. Moreover, in theory they are developed, and in practice they are produced concrete products with loosely laid fibers with a degree of volumetric reinforcement of 59%. Fibers exposed to vibration are shed with unplasticized “fat” high-shrinkage cement-sand mortars cement-sand composition - 14-I: 2.0 at W/C = 0.4, which is extremely wasteful and repeats the level of work in 1974. Significant scientific achievements in the field of creating superplasticized VNV, microdispersed mixtures with microsilica, with reactive active powders from high-strength rocks, made it possible to increase the water-reducing effect to 60% using superplasticizers of oligomeric composition and hyperplasticizers polymer composition. These achievements did not become the basis for the creation of dispersed-reinforced high-strength reinforced concrete, or fine-grained powder concrete from cast self-compacting mixtures. Meanwhile, advanced countries are actively developing new generations of reaction powder concrete reinforced with dispersed fibers. Powdered concrete mixtures are used

for filling molds with woven volumetric thin-mesh frames laid in them and their combination with rod reinforcement.

To identify the theoretical background and motivation for the creation of multicomponent fine-grained powder concrete with a very dense, high-strength matrix, obtained by casting at ultra-low water content, ensuring the production of concrete with a viscous nature during destruction and high tensile strength in bending;

To identify the structural topology of composite binders and dispersed-reinforced fine-grained compositions, to obtain mathematical models of their structure to estimate the distances between the filler particles and the geometric centers of the reinforcing fibers;

Optimize the compositions of fine-grained dispersed reinforced concrete mixtures with fiber c1 = 0.1 mm and I = 6 mm with a minimum content sufficient to increase the tensile strength of concrete, preparation technology and establish the influence of the formulation on the fluidity, density, air content, strength and other physical and technical properties of concrete.

Scientific novelty of the work.

1. The possibility of producing high-strength fine-grained cement powder concrete, including dispersed reinforced concrete, made from concrete mixtures without crushed stone with fine fractions has been scientifically substantiated and experimentally confirmed quartz sand, with reactive rock powders and microsilica, with a significant increase in the efficiency of superplasticizers until the water content in the cast self-compacting mixture reaches 10-11% (corresponding to a semi-dry mixture for pressing without SP) by weight of the dry components.

4. The predominantly through-solution diffusion-ion mechanism of hardening of composite cement binders has been theoretically predicted and experimentally proven, increasing as the content of the filler increases or its dispersity increases significantly compared to the dispersion of cement.

5. The processes of structure formation of fine-grained powder concrete have been studied. It has been shown that powder concrete made from superplasticized cast self-compacting concrete mixtures is much denser, the kinetics of their strength increase is more intense, and the average strength is significantly higher than concrete without SP, pressed at the same water content under a pressure of 40-50 MPa. Criteria for assessing the reaction-chemical activity of powders have been developed.

6. The compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with thin steel fiber with a diameter of 0.15 and a length of 6 mm have been optimized,

the technology of their preparation, the order of introducing the components and the duration of mixing; The influence of the composition on the fluidity, density, air content of concrete mixtures, and compressive strength of concrete has been established.

The practical significance of the work lies in the development of new cast fine-grained powder concrete mixtures with fiber for pouring molds for products and structures, both without and with combined rod reinforcement. Using high-density concrete mixtures, it is possible to produce highly crack-resistant flexural or compressed reinforced concrete structures with a viscous nature of destruction under the action of extreme loads.

A high-density, high-strength composite matrix with a compressive strength of 120-150 MPa has been obtained to increase adhesion to metal in order to use thin and short high-strength fiber with a diameter of 0.04-0.15 mm and a length of 6-9 mm, allowing to reduce its consumption and resistance to flow concrete mixtures for casting technology for the production of thin-walled filigree products with high tensile strength during bending.

Approbation of work. The main provisions and results of the dissertation work were presented and reported at International and All-Russian

Siysk scientific and technical conferences: “Young science for the new millennium” (Naberezhnye Chelny, 1996), “Issues of urban planning and development” (Penza, 1996, 1997, 1999), “ Contemporary issues building materials science" (Penza, 1998), " Modern construction"(1998), International scientific and technical conferences "Composite building materials. Theory and practice” (Penza, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005), “Resource and energy saving as a motivation for creativity in the architectural construction process” (Moscow-Kazan, 2003), “ Current issues construction" (Saransk, 2004), "New energy- and resource-saving high-tech technologies in the production of building materials" (Penza, 2005), All-Russian scientific-practical conference"Urban planning, reconstruction and engineering support sustainable development of cities in the Volga region" (Togliatti, 2004), Academic readings of the RAASN "Achievements, problems and promising directions development of theory and practice of building materials science" (Kazan, 2006).

Publications. Based on the results of the research, 27 works were published (3 works in journals on the list of the Higher Attestation Commission).

The introduction substantiates the relevance of the chosen direction of research, formulates the purpose and objectives of the research, and shows its scientific and practical significance.

In the first chapter dedicated to analytical review literature, an analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the use of high-quality concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete was carried out. It is shown that in foreign practice, high-strength concrete with a strength of up to 120-140 MPa began to be produced, mainly after 1990. In the last six years, broad prospects have been identified in increasing the strength of high-strength concrete from 130-150 MPa and transferring them to the category of especially high-strength concrete with a strength of 210,250 MPa, thanks to the heat treatment of concrete worked out over the years, reaching a strength of 60-70 MPa.

There is a tendency to divide especially high-strength concrete according to the granularity of the aggregate into 2 types: fine-grained concrete with a maximum grain size of up to 8-16 mm and fine-grained with grains up to 0.5-1.0 mm. Both of them necessarily contain microsilica or microdehyde. ratified kaolin, powders of durable rocks, and to give concrete ductility, impact strength, crack resistance - fiber from various materials. A special group includes fine-grained powder concrete (Reaktionspulver beton-RPB or Reactive Powder Concrete) with maximum size grains 0.3-0.6 mm. It has been shown that such concretes, with an axial compressive strength of 200-250 MPa with a reinforcement coefficient of maximum 3-3.5% by volume, have a tensile strength in bending of up to 50 MPa. Such properties are ensured, first of all, by the selection of a high-density and high-strength matrix, which makes it possible to increase adhesion to the fiber and fully utilize its high tensile strength.

The state of research and experience in the production of fiber-reinforced concrete in Russia is analyzed. Unlike foreign developments, Russian research is focused not on the use of fiber-reinforced concrete with a high-strength matrix, but on increasing the percentage of reinforcement to 5-9% by volume in low-strength three- and four-component concretes of classes B30-B50 to increase the tensile strength in bending to 17-28 MPa. This is all repetition. foreign experience 1970-1976, i.e. those years when effective superplasticizers and microsilica were not used, and fiber-reinforced concrete was mainly three-component (sandy). It is recommended for the production of fiber-reinforced concrete with a consumption of Portland cement of 700-1400 kg/m3, sand - 560-1400 kg/m3, fiber - 390-1360 kg/m3, which is extremely wasteful and does not take into account the progress achieved in the development of high-quality concrete.

An analysis of the evolution of the development of multi-component concretes at various revolutionary stages of the emergence of special functional-determining components: fiber, superplasticizers, microsilica has been carried out. It is shown that six-seven-component concretes are the basis of a high-strength matrix for effective use main function of fiber. It is precisely such concretes that become multifunctional.

The main motivations for the emergence of high-strength and especially high-strength reaction-powder concretes, the possibility of obtaining “record” values ​​of water reduction in concrete mixtures, and their special rheological state are formulated. Requirements for powders and

their prevalence as technogenic waste from the mining industry.

Based on the analysis, the purpose and objectives of the research are formulated.

The second chapter presents the characteristics of the materials used and describes the research methods. Raw materials of German and Russian production were used: cements CEM 1 42.5 R HS Werk Geseke, Werk Bernburg CEM 1 42.5 R, Weisenau CEM 1 42.5, Volsky PC500 DO , Stary Oskolsky PC 500 DO; sand Surskiy classified fr. 0.14-0.63, Balasheysky (Syzran) classified fr. 0.1-0.5 mm, Halle sand fr. 0.125-0.5 "mm; microsilica: Eikern Microsilica 940 with Si02 content > 98.0%, Silia Staub RW Fuller with Si02 content > 94.7%, BS-100 (Soda association) with ZO2 > 98.3 %, Chelyabinsk EMC with SiO content = 84-90%, German fiber and Russian production with d = 0.15 mm, 7 = 6 mm with tensile strength 1700-3100 MPa; rock powders of sedimentary and volcanic origin; super- and hyperplasticizers based on naphthalene, melamine and polycarboxylate.

To prepare concrete mixtures, a high-speed mixer from Eirich and a turbulent mixer from Kaf. TBKiV, modern devices and equipment of German and domestic production. X-ray structural analysis was carried out on a Seifert analyzer, electron microscopic analysis on a Philips ESEM microscope.

The third chapter examines the topological structure of composite binders and powder concrete, including dispersed reinforced concrete. The structural topology of composite binders, in which the volume fraction of fillers exceeds that of the main binder, determines the mechanism and rate of reaction processes. To calculate the average distances between sand particles in powder concrete(or between Portland cement particles in highly filled binders), an elementary cubic cell with face size A and volume A3 equal to the volume of the composite is adopted.

Taking into account the volumetric concentration of C4V cement, the average size of cement particles<1ц, объёмной концентрации песка С„, и среднего размера частиц песка d„, получено:

for the center-to-center distance between cement particles in a composite binder:

Ac =^-3/i-/b-Sy =0.806-^-3/1/^ "(1)

for the distance between sand particles in powder concrete:

Z/tg/6 -St = 0.806 ap-shust (2)

Taking the volume fraction of sand with a fraction of 0.14-0.63 mm in a fine-grained powder concrete mixture equal to 350-370 liters (mass flow rate of sand 950-1000 kg), the minimum average distance between the geometric centers of particles was obtained equal to 428-434 microns. The minimum distance between the surfaces of particles is 43-55 microns, and with a sand size of 0.1-0.5 mm - 37-44 microns. With hexagonal packing of particles, this distance increases by a factor K = 0.74/0.52 = 1.42.

Thus, during the flow of the powder concrete mixture, the size of the gap in which the rheological matrix of a suspension of cement, stone flour and microsilica is placed will vary from 43-55 microns to 61-78 microns, with a decrease in the sand fraction to 0.1 -0.5 mm matrix interlayer will change from 37-44 microns to 52-62 microns.

Topology of dispersed fiber fibers with length / and diameter c? determines the rheological properties of concrete mixtures with fiber, their fluidity, the average distance between the geometric centers of the fibers, and determines the tensile strength of reinforced concrete. Calculated average distances are used in regulatory documents and in many scientific works on dispersed reinforcement. It is shown that these formulas are contradictory and the calculations based on them differ significantly.

From consideration of a cubic cell (Fig. 1) with a face length / with fibers placed in it

fibers with a diameter b/, with a total content of 11 fibers /V, the number of fibers on the face is determined

P = and distance o =

taking into account the volume of all fibers У„ = fE.iL. /. dg and coefficient Fig. 14

reinforcement factor /l = (100-l s11 s)/4 ■ I1, the average distance is determined:

5 = (/ - th?) / 0.113 ■ l/ts -1 (3)

Calculations 5 were performed using the formulas of Romuapdi I.R. and Mendel I.A. and according to the Mak Kee formula. The distance values ​​are presented in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the Mak Kee formula cannot be used. Thus, distance 5 increases with increasing cell volume from 0.216 cm3 (/ = 6 mm) to 1000 m3 (/ = 10000 mm).

melts 15-30 times at the same c, which deprives this formula of geometric and physical meaning. The Romuapdi formula can be used taking into account the coefficient of 0.64:

Thus, the resulting formula (3) from strict geometric constructions is an objective reality, which is verified in Fig. 1. Processing the results of our own and foreign research using this formula made it possible to identify options for ineffective, essentially uneconomical reinforcement and optimal reinforcement.

Table 1

Values ​​of distances 8 between the geometric centers of dispersed _ fibers, calculated using various formulas_

Diameter, c), mm B mm for different c and / according to the formulas Ratio of distances ZA^M, calculated using the formula of the author and McKee Ratio of distances calculated using the formula of the author and Romualdi

1=6 mm 1 = 6 mm At all / = 0-*"

ts-0.5 ts-1.0 ts-3.0 ts=0.5 and -1.0 ts-3.0 11=0.5 ¡1=1.0 ts=3.0 (1-0.5 (1-1.0 c-3.0 (»=0.5 c=1.0 (1*3.0

0,01 0,127 0,089 0,051 0,092 0,065 0,037 0,194 0,138 0,079 1,38 1,36 1,39 0,65 0,64 0,64

0,04 0,49 0,37 0,21 0,37 0,26 0,15 0,78 0,55 0,32 1,32 1,40 1,40 0,62 0,67 0,65

0,15 2,64 1,66 0,55 1,38 0,98 0,56 2,93 2,07 1,20 1,91 1,69 0,98 0,90 0,80 0,46

0,30 9,66 4,69 0,86 1,91 1,13 5,85 4,14 2,39 2,45 0,76 1,13 0,36

0,50 15,70 1,96 3,25 1,88 6,90 3,96 1,04 0,49

0,80 4,05 5,21 3,00 6,37 1,40 0,67

1,00 11,90 3,76 7,96

/= 10 mm /= 10 mm

0.01 0.0127 0.089 0.051 0.118 0.083 0.048 Distance values ​​unchanged 1.07 1.07 1.06 0.65 0.67 0.72

0,04 0,53 0,37 0,21 0,44 0,33 0,19 1,20 1,12 1,10 0,68 0,67 0,65

0,15 2,28 1,51 0,82 1,67 1,25 0,72 1,36 1,21 1,14 0,78 0,73 0,68

0,30 5,84 3,51 1,76 3,35 2,51 1,45 1,74 1,40 1,21 1,70 1,13 0,74

0,50 15,93 7,60 2,43 5,58 4,19 2,41 2,85 1,81 1,01 1,63 2,27 0,61

0,80 23,00 3,77 6,70 3,86 3,43 0,98 2,01 0,59

1,00 9,47 4,83 1,96 1,18

1= 10000 mm 1= 10000 mm

0,01 0,125 0,089 0,053 3,73 0,033 0,64

0,04 0,501 0,354 0,215 14,90 0,034 0,64

0,15 1,88 1,33 0,81 37,40 0,050 0,64

0,30 3,84 2,66 1,61 56,00 0,068 0,66

0.50 6.28 4.43 2.68 112.OS 0.056 0.65

0,80 10,02 7,09 4,29 186,80 0,053 0,64

1.00 12.53 8.86 5.37 373.6С 0.033 0.64

The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of the rheological state of super-plasticized dispersed systems, powdered concrete mixtures (PBC) and the methodology for assessing it.

PBS must have high fluidity, ensuring complete spreading of the mixture in molds until a horizontal surface is formed with the release of entrained air and self-compacting of the mixtures. Considering that the concrete powder mixture for the production of fiber-reinforced concrete must have dispersed reinforcement, the spread of such a mixture should be little inferior to the spread of a mixture without fiber.

The concrete mixture intended for pouring forms with a three-dimensional multi-row fine-mesh woven frame with a clear mesh size of 2-5 mm should easily flow to the bottom of the form through the frame, spread along the form, ensuring that after filling it forms a horizontal surface.

To differentiate the compared disperse systems by rheology, simple methods for assessing the ultimate shear stress and yield have been developed.

A diagram of the acting forces on a hydrometer located in a superplasticized suspension is considered. If the liquid has a yield strength m0, the hydrometer is not completely immersed in it. For m„ the following equation is obtained:

where ¿/ is the diameter of the cylinder; t is the mass of the cylinder; p is the density of the suspension; ^-gravity acceleration.

The simplicity of derivation of equations for determining r0 is shown when the liquid is in equilibrium in a capillary (pipe), in the gap between two plates, on a vertical wall.

The invariance of methods for determining t0 for cement, basalt, chalcedony suspensions, and PBS has been established. A set of methods has determined the optimal value of t0 for PBS, equal to 5-8 Pa, which should spread well when poured into molds. It has been shown that the simplest precision method for determining ta is hydrometric.

A condition has been identified for the spreading of the powder concrete mixture and self-leveling of its surface, under which all irregularities in the hemispherical surface are smoothed out. Without taking into account surface tension forces, at zero contact angle of drops on the surface of a bulk liquid, t0 should be:

Te

where d is the diameter of hemispherical irregularities.

The reasons for the very low yield strength and good rheotechnological properties of PBS were identified, which consist in the optimal choice of sand grain size 0.14-0.6 mm or 0.1-0.5 mm, and its quantity. This improves the rheology of the mixture compared to fine-grained sandy concrete, in which large grains of sand are separated by thin layers of cement, which significantly increase the r„ and viscosity of the mixtures.

The influence of the type and dosage of various classes of SP on t„ was revealed (Fig. 4), where 1-Woerment 794; 2-SP S-3; 3-Melment FIO. The spreadability of powder mixtures was determined using a cone from a shaking table mounted on glass. It was revealed that the spread of the cone should be within 25-30 cm. The spread decreases with increasing content of entrained air, the share of which can reach 4-5% by volume.

As a result of turbulent mixing, the resulting pores have a size of predominantly 0.51.2 mm and at r0 = 5-7 Pa and a spreading of 2730 cm, they are capable of being removed to a residual content of 2.5-3.0%. When using vacuum mixers, the content of air pores is reduced to 0.8-1.2%.

The influence of a mesh obstacle on the change in the spread of powder concrete mixture was revealed. When blocking the spreading of mixtures with a mesh ring with a diameter of 175 mm with a mesh with a clear diameter of 2.8x2.8 mm, it was found that the degree of reduction in spreading

niya increases significantly with increasing yield strength and with decreasing control spread below 26.5 cm.

Change in the ratio of the diameters of free c1c and blocked dis-

sailing from Ls, illustrated in Fig. 5.

For powder concrete mixtures poured into molds with woven frames, the spread should be at least 27-28 cm.

The influence of the type of fiber on reducing the spreading of dispersed

reinforced mixture.

¿с, cm For the three types used

^ fibers with geometric factor

equal: 40 (sI), 15 mm; 1=6 mm; //=1%), 50 (¿/= 0.3 mm; /=15 mm; zigzag c = 1%), 150 (c1- 0.04 mm; / =6 mm - microfiber with glass coating c - 0 .7%) and the values ​​of the control spread c1n on the change in spread of the reinforced c1a mixture are shown in table. 2.

The strongest reduction in spreadability was found in mixtures with microfiber with d = 40 µm, despite the lower percentage of reinforcement d by volume. As the degree of reinforcement increases, the fluidity decreases even more. With reinforcement coefficient //=2.0% fiber with<1 = 0,15 мм, расплыв смеси понизился до 18 см при контрольном расплыве 29,8 см с увеличением содержания воздуха до 5,3 %. Для восстановления расплыва до контрольного необходимо было увеличить В/Т с 0,104 до 0,12 или снизить содержание воздуха до 0,8-1%.

The fifth chapter is devoted to the study of the reaction activity of rocks and the study of the properties of reaction-powder mixtures and concrete.

The reactivity of rocks (Rs): quartz sand, siliceous sandstones, polymorphs 5/02 - flint, chalcedony, gravel of sedimentary origin and volcanic - diabase and basalt has been studied in low-cement (C:Gp = 1:9-4:4), mixtures enriched with cement

table 2

Control. blur<1т см с/,/г/^лри различных 1/(1

25,0 1,28 1,35 1,70

28,2 1,12 1,14 1,35

29.8 1.08 1.11 1D2

syah (C:Gp). Coarse rock powders with Syd = 100-160 m2/kg and highly dispersed with Syo = 900-1100 m2/kg were used.

It has been established that the best comparative indicators of strength, characterizing the reaction activity of rocks, were obtained with composite low-cement mixtures of the composition C:Gp = 1:9.5 when using highly dispersed rocks after 28 days and over long periods of hardening for 1.0-1. 5 years. High strength values ​​of 43-45 MPa were obtained on several rocks - ground gravel, sandstone, basalt, diabase. However, for high-strength powder concrete it is necessary to use only powders from high-strength rocks.

X-ray structural analysis established the phase composition of some rocks, both pure and samples made from a mixture of cement with them. The formation of joint mineral new formations in most mixtures with such a low cement content was not detected; the presence of CjS, tobermorite, and portlandite is clearly identified. Micrographs of the intermediate substance clearly show a gel-like phase of tobermorite-like calcium hydrosilicates.

The basic principles for selecting the composition of the RPB consisted of choosing the ratio of the true volumes of the cementing matrix and the volume of sand, which ensures the best rheological properties of the mixture and maximum strength of concrete. Based on the previously established average layer x = 0.05-0.06 mm between sand particles with an average diameter dcp, the volume of the matrix, in accordance with the cubic cell and formula (2), will be:

vM=(dcp+x?-7t-d3/6 = A3-x-d3/6 (6)

Taking the layer* = 0.05 mm and dcp = 0.30 mm, the relation Vu ¡Vп = 2 is obtained and the volumes of the matrix and sand per 1 m3 of the mixture will be, respectively, 666 l and 334 l. Taking the mass of sand constant and varying the ratio of cement, basalt flour, MC, water and SP, the fluidity of the mixture and the strength of concrete were determined. Subsequently, the size of the sand particles and the size of the middle layer were changed, and similar variations were made in the component composition of the matrix. The specific surface area of ​​basalt flour was taken to be close to that of cement, based on the conditions of filling the voids in the sand with particles of cement and basalt with their predominant sizes

15-50 microns. The voids between the basalt and cement particles were filled with MC particles with sizes of 0.1-1 microns

A rational procedure for the preparation of RPBS has been developed with a strictly regulated sequence of introducing components, the duration of homogenization, “rest” of the mixture and final homogenization for the uniform distribution of MC particles and dispersed reinforcement in the mixture.

The final optimization of the composition of the RPBS was carried out at a constant content of the amount of sand with varying the content of all other components. A total of 22 compositions of 12 samples each were manufactured, 3 of them using domestic cements with the replacement of polycarboxylate GP with SP S-3. In all mixtures, spreads, densities, and the content of entrained air were determined, and in concrete, compressive strength after 2.7 and 28 days of normal hardening, tensile strength during bending and splitting.

It was found that the spread varied from 21 to 30 cm, the content of entrained air from 2 to 5%, and for vacuumized mixtures - from 0.8 to 1.2%, the density of the mixture varied from 2390-2420 kg/m3.

It was revealed that during the first minutes after pouring, namely after 1020 minutes, the main share of entrained air is removed from the mixture and the volume of the mixture decreases. To better remove air, it is necessary to cover the concrete with a film that prevents the rapid formation of a dense crust on its surface.

In Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9 show the effect of the type of SP and its dosage on the flow of the mixture and the strength of concrete at 7 and 28 days of age. The best results were obtained when using GP Woerment 794 at dosages of 1.3-1.35% err of the mass of cement and MC. It was revealed that with the optimal amount of MK = 18-20%, the fluidity of the mixture and the strength of concrete are maximum. The established patterns persist at 28 days of age.

FM794 FM787 S-3

Domestic SP has a lower reducing ability, especially when using highly pure MK grades BS - 100 and BS - 120 and

When using specially manufactured composite VNV with similar consumption of raw materials, short-term melting-o.9 ¡,1 1.z),5 1.7 lot with C-3, dispersed [hedts+mk)1 loo reinforced concrete with strength was obtained

Fig.7 121-137 MPa.

The effect of HP dosage on the fluidity of RPBS (Fig. 7) and the strength of concrete after 7 days (Fig. 8) and 28 days (Fig. 9) was revealed.

[GShTsNIKYAO [GShTs+MK)] 100

Rice. 8 Fig. 9

The generalized dependence of the change on the studied factors, obtained by the method of mathematical planning of experiments, with subsequent data processing using the "Gradient" program, is approximated in the form: D = 100.48 - 2.36 l, + 2.30 - 21.15 - 8.51 x\ where x is the ratio MK/C; xs - ratio [GP/(MK+C)]-100. In addition, based on the essence of the flow of physical and chemical processes and the use of step-by-step methods, it was possible to significantly reduce the number of variable factors in the mathematical model without deteriorating its estimated quality.

The sixth chapter presents the results of a study of some physical and technical properties of concrete and their economic assessment. The results of static tests of prisms made of powder reinforced and unreinforced concrete are presented.

It has been established that the elastic modulus, depending on the strength, varies in the range (440-^470)-102 MPa, the Poisson's ratio of unreinforced concrete is 0.17-0.19, and for dispersed reinforced concrete it is 0.31-0.33, which characterizes the viscous nature behavior of concrete under load compared to brittle failure of unreinforced concrete. The strength of concrete when splitting increases by 1.8 times.

The air shrinkage of samples for non-reinforced RRP is 0.60.7 mm/m, for dispersed reinforced ones it decreases by 1.3-1.5 times. The water absorption of concrete within 72 hours does not exceed 2.5-3.0%.

Frost resistance tests of powdered concrete using an accelerated method showed that after 400 cycles of alternating freezing and thawing, the frost resistance coefficient was 0.96-0.98. All tests carried out indicate that the performance properties of powdered concrete are high. They have proven themselves in small section racks for balconies instead of steel, in balcony slabs and loggias during the construction of houses in Munich. Despite the fact that dispersed-reinforced concrete is 1.5-1.6 times more expensive than conventional concrete grades 500-600, a whole range of products and structures made from it are 30-50% cheaper due to a significant reduction in the volume of concrete.

Production testing in the manufacture of lintels, pile caps, and manholes from dispersed reinforced concrete at Penza Reinforced Concrete Plant LLC and the reinforced concrete products production base of Energoservice CJSC confirmed the high efficiency of using such concrete.

MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Analysis of the composition and properties of dispersed reinforced concrete produced in Russia indicates that they do not fully meet the technical and economic requirements due to the low compressive strength of concrete (M 400-600). In such three-, four- and rarely five-component concretes, not only dispersed reinforcement of high strength, but also of normal strength is underused.

2. Based on theoretical ideas about the possibility of achieving maximum water-reducing effects of superplasticizers in dispersed systems that do not contain coarse-grained aggregates, high reactivity of microsilica and rock powders, which jointly enhance the rheological effect of the joint venture, the creation of a seven-component high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder concrete matrix for thin and relatively short dispersed reinforcement c1 = 0.15-0.20 μm and / = 6 mm, which does not form “hedgehogs” in the production of concrete and does not significantly reduce the fluidity of PBS.

4. The structural topology of composite binders and dispersed reinforced concrete is revealed and their mathematical models of structure are given. An ion-diffusion through-solution mechanism for hardening composite filled binders has been established. Methods for calculating the average distances between sand particles in PBS and the geometric centers of fibers in powder concrete using various formulas and for various parameters ¡1, 1, c1 are systematized. The objectivity of the author's formula is shown in contrast to those traditionally used. The optimal distance and thickness of the cementing suspension layer in PBS should be within

37-44^43-55 with sand consumption of 950-1000 kg and its fractions of 0.1-0.5 and 0.140.63 mm, respectively.

5. The rheotechnological properties of dispersed-reinforced and non-reinforced PBS were established using developed methods. Optimal spreading of PBS from a cone with dimensions £> = 100; g!= 70; A = 60 mm should be 25-30 cm. Coefficients of reduction in spreading have been identified depending on the geometric parameters of the fiber and a reduction in the spreading of PBS when blocked by a mesh fence. It has been shown that for pouring PBS into molds with volumetric mesh woven frames, the spread should be at least 28-30 cm.

6. A method has been developed for assessing the reaction-chemical activity of rock powders in low-cement mixtures (C:P -1:10) in samples pressed under extrusion molding pressure. It has been established that with the same activity, assessed by strength after 28 days and in long-term

hardening rates (1-1.5 years), preference when used in RPBS should be given to powders from high-strength rocks: basalt, diabase, dacite, quartz.

7. The processes of structure formation of powder concrete have been studied. It has been established that cast mixtures in the first 10-20 minutes after pouring release up to 40-50% of entrained air and require coating with a film that prevents the formation of a dense crust. The mixtures begin to actively set 7-10 hours after pouring and gain strength after 1 day 30-40 MPa, after 2 days - 50-60 MPa.

8. The basic experimental and theoretical principles for selecting the composition of concrete with a strength of 130-150 MPa have been formulated. To ensure high fluidity of PBS, quartz sand must be fine-grained with a fraction of 0.14-0.63 or 0.1-0.5 mm with a bulk density of 1400-1500 kg/m3 at a flow rate of 950-1000 kg/m3. The thickness of the layer of suspension of cement-stone flour and MC between the sand grains should be in the range of 43-55 and 37-44 microns, respectively, with a water content and SP ensuring a spread of mixtures of 25-30 cm. The dispersion of PC and stone flour should be approximately the same , MC content 15-20%, stone flour content 40-55% by weight of cement. When varying the content of these factors, the optimal composition is selected based on the required spread of the mixture and the maximum compressive strength after 2, 7 and 28 days.

9. The compositions of fine-grained dispersed reinforced concrete with a compressive strength of 130-150 MPa using steel fiber with a reinforcement coefficient /4=1% have been optimized. Optimal technological parameters have been identified: mixing should be carried out in high-speed mixers of a special design, preferably evacuated; The sequence of loading components and mixing and “rest” modes are strictly regulated.

10. The influence of the composition on the fluidity, density, air content of dispersed reinforced PBS, and on the compressive strength of concrete was studied. It has been revealed that the descalability of mixtures, as well as the strength of concrete, depend on a number of recipe and technological factors. During optimization, mathematical dependences of fluidity and strength on individual, most significant factors were established.

11. Some physical and technical properties of dispersed reinforced concrete have been studied. It is shown that concrete with a compressive strength of 120-150 MPa has an elastic modulus of (44-47)-103 MPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.31-0.34 (0.17-0.19 for unreinforced concrete). Air shrinkage dis-

persian-reinforced concrete is 1.3-1.5 times lower than that of non-reinforced concrete. High frost resistance, low water absorption and air shrinkage indicate the high performance properties of such concrete.

THE MAIN PROVISIONS AND RESULTS OF THE DISSERTATION WORK ARE SET FORTH IN THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS

1. Kalashnikov, S-V. Development of an algorithm and software for processing asymptotic exponential dependencies [Text] / S.B. Kalashnikov, D.V. Kvasov, R.I. Avdeev // Materials of reports of the 29th scientific and technical conference. - Penza: Penza State Publishing House. University of Architecture. and pp., 1996. - pp. 60-61.

2. Kalashnikov, S.B. Analysis of kinetic and asymptotic dependencies using the cyclic iteration method [Text] / A.N. Bobryshev, S.B. Kalashnikov, V.N Kozomazov, R.I. Avdeev // Bulletin of the RAASN. Department of Construction Sciences, 1999. - Issue. 2. - pp. 58-62.

3. Kalashnikov, S.B. Some methodological and technological aspects of obtaining ultrafine fillers [Text] / E.Yu. Selivanova, S.B. Kalashnikov N Composite building materials. Theory and practice: collection. scientific works international scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2002. - P. 307-309.

4. Kalashnikov, S.B. On the issue of assessing the blocking function of a superplasticizer on the hardening kinetics of cements [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, A.S. Mishin, Yu.S. Kuznetsov, S.B. Kalashnikov N Composite building materials. Theory and practice: Sat., scientific. works international scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2003. - pp. 54-60.

5. Kalashnikov, S.B. Evaluation of the blocking function of a superplasticizer on the kinetics of cement hardening [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, S.B. Kalashnikov, I.E. Ilyina // Proceedings of the annual meeting of the RAASN “Resource and energy saving as a motivation for creativity in the architectural and construction process.” - Moscow-Kazan, 2003. - P. 476-481.

6. Kalashnikov, S.B. Modern ideas about the self-destruction of super-dense cement stone and concrete with low hair content [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, S.B. Kalashnikov // Bulletin. Ser. Volga regional branch of RAASN, - 2003. Issue. 6. - pp. 108-110.

7. Kalashnikov, S.B. Stabilization of concrete mixtures from delamination with polymer additives [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, N.M.Duboshina, S.B. Kalashnikov // Plastic masses. - 2003. - No. 4. - pp. 38-39.

8. Kalashnikov, S.B. Features of the processes of hydration and hardening of cement stone with modifying additives [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, I.E. Ilyina, S.B. Kalashnikov // News of Universities. Construction, - Novosibirsk: 2003. - No. 6 - P. 26-29.

9. Kalashnikov, S.B. On the issue of assessing shrinkage and shrinkage crack resistance of cement concrete modified with ultrafine fillers [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, Yu.S. Kuznetsov, I.O.M. Bazhenov, E.Yu. Minenko, S.B. Kalashnikov // Composite building materials. Theory and practice: collection. scientific works international scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2004. - pp. 10-13.

10. Kalashnikov, S.B. Reaction activity of silicite rocks in cement compositions [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, S.B. Kalashnikov, I.A. Eliseev, E.V. Podrezova, V.N. Shindin, V.Ya. Marusentsev // Composite building materials. Theory and practice: collection. scientific works international scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2004. - pp. 81-85.

11. Kalashnikov, S.B. On the theory of hardening of composite cement binders [Text] / S.B. Kalashnikov, V.I. Kalashnikov // Materials of the international scientific and technical conference “Current issues of construction”. - Saransk, 2004. -S. 119-124.

12. Kalashnikov, S.B. Reaction activity of crushed rocks in cement compositions [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, Yu.S. Kuznetsov, S.B. Kalashnikov // Izvestia. Tula State University. Series “Building materials, structures and structures”. - Tula. -2004. - Vol. 7. - pp. 26-34.

13. Kalashnikov, S.B. On the theory of hydration of composite cement and slag binders [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, Yu.S. Kuznetsov, V.L. Khvastunov, S.B. Kalashnikov and "Vestnik". Series Department of Building Sciences. - Belgorod: - 2005. -No. 9-S. 216-221.

14. Kalashnikov, S.B. Multicomponentity as a factor in ensuring the multifunctional properties of concrete [Text] / Yu.M. Bazhenov, B.S. Demyanova, S.B. Kalashnikov, G.V. Lukyanenko. V.N. Grinkov // New energy- and resource-saving science-intensive technologies in the production of building materials: collection of articles. articles international. scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2005. - P. 4-8.

15. Kalashnikov, S.B. Impact strength of high-strength dispersed reinforced concrete [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, S.B. Kalashnikov, G.N. Kazina, V.M. Trostyansky // New energy- and resource-saving science-intensive technologies in the production of building materials: collection of articles. international articles scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2005. - pp. 18-22.

16. Kalashnikov, S.B. Topology of mixed binders with fillers and the mechanism of their hardening [Text] / Jurgen Schubert, C.B. Kalashnikov // New energy- and resource-saving science-intensive technologies in the production of building materials: collection of articles. international articles scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2005. - P. 208-214.

17. Kalashnikov, S.B. Fine-grained powder dispersed reinforced concrete [Text] I V.I. Kalashnikov, S.B. Kalashnikov // Achievements. Problems and promising directions of development. Theory and practice of building materials science. Tenth academic readings of the RAASN. - Kazan: Kazan State Publishing House. arch.-stroitel. Univ., 2006. - pp. 193-196.

18. Kalashnikov, S.B. Multicomponent dispersed reinforced concrete with improved performance properties [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, S.B. Kalashnikov, G.N. Kazina, V.M. Trostyansky // Achievements. Problems and promising directions of development. Theory and practice of building materials science. Tenth academic readings of the RAASN. - Kazan: Kazan State Publishing House. arch.-stroitel. Univ., 2006.-S. 161-163.

Kalashnikov Sergey Vladimirovich

FINE-GRAINED REACTIVE POWDER DISPERSE-REINFORCED CONCRETE USING ROCKS

05.23.05 - Construction materials and products Abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences

Signed for publication on June 5, 2006. Format 60x84/16. Offset paper. Risograph printing. Uch. ed. l. 1 . Circulation 100 copies.

Order No. 114 _

Publishing house PGUAS.

Printed in the operational printing workshop of PGUAS.

440028. Penza, st. G. Titova, 28.

4 INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER 1 MODERN CONCEPTS AND BASIC

PRINCIPLES OF OBTAINING HIGH-QUALITY POWDER CONCRETE.

1.1 Foreign and domestic experience in the use of high-quality concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete.

1.2 Multicomponent nature of concrete as a factor in ensuring functional properties.

1.3 Motivation for the emergence of high-strength and especially high-strength reaction-powder concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete.

1.4 High reactivity of dispersed powders is the basis for the production of high-quality concrete.

CONCLUSIONS FOR CHAPTER 1.

CHAPTER 2 SOURCE MATERIALS, RESEARCH METHODS,

DEVICES AND EQUIPMENT.

2.1 Characteristics of raw materials.

2.2 Research methods, instruments and equipment.

2.2.1 Technology for the preparation of raw materials and assessment of their reaction activity.

2.2.2 Technology for the production of powder concrete mixtures and materials

The results of their tests.

2.2.3 Research methods. Instruments and equipment.

CHAPTER 3 TOPOLOGY OF DISPERSE SYSTEMS, DISPERSE

REINFORCED POWDER CONCRETE AND

THE MECHANISM OF THEIR HARDENING.

3.1 Topology of composite binders and their hardening mechanism.

3.1.1 Structural and topological analysis of composite binders. 59 R 3.1.2 The mechanism of hydration and hardening of composite binders - as a result of the structural topology of the compositions.

3.1.3 Topology of dispersed-reinforced fine-grained concrete.

CONCLUSIONS FOR CHAPTER 3.

CHAPTER 4 RHEOLOGICAL STATE OF SUPERPLASTIFIED DISPERSED SYSTEMS, POWDERED CONCRETE MIXTURES AND METHODOLOGY FOR ITS EVALUATION.

4.1 Development of a methodology for assessing the ultimate shear stress and fluidity of dispersed systems and fine-grained powder concrete mixtures.

4.2 Experimental determination of the rheological properties of dispersed systems and fine-grained powder mixtures.

CONCLUSIONS FOR CHAPTER 4.

CHAPTER 5 ASSESSMENT OF THE REACTIVE ACTIVITY OF ROCKS AND STUDY OF REACTIVE POWDER MIXTURES AND CONCRETE.

5.1 Reaction activity of rocks mixed with cement.-■.

5.2 Principles for selecting the composition of powder dispersed reinforced concrete, taking into account the requirements for materials.

5.3 Recipe for fine-grained powder dispersed reinforced concrete.

5.4 Preparation of concrete mixture.

5.5 Influence of the compositions of powder concrete mixtures on their properties and strength under axial compression.

5.5.1 Influence of the type of superplasticizers on the spreadability of the concrete mixture and the strength of concrete.

5.5.2 Effect of superplasticizer dosage.

5.5.3 Effect of microsilica dosage.

5.5.4 Influence of the proportion of basalt and sand on strength.

CONCLUSIONS FOR CHAPTER 5.

CHAPTER 6 PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND THEIR

TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT.

6.1 Kinetic features of the formation of strength of RPB and fibro-RPB.

6.2 Deformative properties of fibro-RPB.

6.3 Volumetric changes in powder concrete.

6.4 Water absorption of dispersed reinforced powder concrete.

6.5 Technical and economic assessment and production implementation of RPB.

Introduction 2006, dissertation on construction, Kalashnikov, Sergey Vladimirovich

Relevance of the topic. Every year in the world practice of concrete and reinforced concrete production, the production of high-quality, high and especially high-strength concrete is rapidly increasing, and this progress has become an objective reality, due to significant savings in material and energy resources.

With a significant increase in the compressive strength of concrete, crack resistance inevitably decreases and the risk of brittle failure of structures increases. Dispersed reinforcement of concrete with fiber eliminates these negative properties, which makes it possible to produce concrete of classes higher than 80-100 with a strength of 150-200 MPa, which has a new quality - a viscous nature of destruction.

An analysis of scientific works in the field of dispersed reinforced concrete and their production in domestic practice shows that the main orientation does not pursue the goal of using high-strength matrices in such concrete. The class of dispersed reinforced concrete in terms of compressive strength remains extremely low and is limited to B30-B50. This does not allow for good adhesion of the fiber to the matrix or full use of steel fiber even with low tensile strength. Moreover, in theory, concrete products with loosely laid fibers with a degree of volumetric reinforcement of 5-9% are developed and in practice produced; they are spilled under the influence of vibration with unplasticized “greasy” high-shrinkage cement-sand mortars of the composition: cement-sand -1:0.4+1:2.0 at W/C = 0.4, which is extremely wasteful and repeats the level of work in 1974 Significant scientific achievements in the field of creating superplasticized VNV, microdispersed mixtures with microsilica, with reactive powders from high-strength rocks, have made it possible to increase the water-reducing effect to 60% using superplasticizers of oligomeric composition and hyperplasticizers of polymer composition. These achievements did not become the basis for the creation of high-strength reinforced concrete or fine-grained powder concrete from cast self-compacting mixtures. Meanwhile, advanced countries are actively developing new generations of reaction-powder concrete, reinforced with dispersed fibers, woven sheer volumetric fine-mesh frames, their combination with rod or rod with dispersed reinforcement.

All this determines the relevance of creating high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder, dispersed-reinforced concrete grades 1000-1500, which are highly economical not only in the construction of critical unique buildings and structures, but also for general-purpose products and structures.

The dissertation work was carried out in accordance with the programs of the Institute of Building Materials and Structures of the Technical University of Munich (Germany) and the initiative work of the Department of TBKiV PSUAS and the scientific and technical program of the Ministry of Education of Russia "Scientific research of higher education in priority areas of science and technology" in the subprogram "Architecture and Construction" 2000-2004

Purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the dissertation work is to develop compositions of high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder concrete, including dispersed reinforced concrete, using crushed rocks.

To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve a set of the following tasks:

To identify the theoretical background and motivation for the creation of multicomponent fine-grained powder concrete with a very dense, high-strength matrix, obtained by casting with ultra-low water content, ensuring the production of concrete with a viscous nature during destruction and high tensile strength in bending;

To identify the structural topology of composite binders and dispersed-reinforced fine-grained compositions, to obtain mathematical models of their structure to estimate the distances between coarse filler particles and between the geometric centers of reinforcing fibers;

Develop a methodology for assessing the rheological properties of water-dispersed systems, fine-grained powder dispersed-reinforced compositions; investigate their rheological properties;

Identify the hardening mechanism of mixed binders, study the processes of structure formation;

Establish the required fluidity of multicomponent fine-grained powder concrete mixtures, ensuring the filling of forms with a mixture with low viscosity and ultra-low yield strength;

To optimize the compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with fiber d = 0.1 mm and / = 6 mm with a minimum content sufficient to increase the tensile strength of concrete, preparation technology and establish the influence of the formulation on fluidity, density, air content, strength and others physical and technical properties of concrete.

Scientific novelty of the work.

1. The possibility of producing high-strength fine-grained cement powder concrete, including dispersed reinforced concrete, made from concrete mixtures without crushed stone with fine fractions of quartz sand, with reactive rock powders and microsilica, with a significant increase the effectiveness of superplasticizers until the water content in the cast self-compacting mixture is up to 10-11% (corresponding to a semi-dry mixture for pressing without SP) by weight of the dry components.

2. The theoretical foundations of methods for determining the yield strength of superplasticized liquid dispersed systems have been developed and methods for assessing the spreadability of powder concrete mixtures with free spreading and blocked by a mesh fence have been proposed.

3. The topological structure of composite binders and powder concretes, including dispersed reinforced ones, has been revealed. Mathematical models of their structure were obtained, which determine the distances between coarse particles and between the geometric centers of fibers in the concrete body.

4. The predominantly through-solution diffusion-ion mechanism of hardening of composite cement binders has been theoretically predicted and experimentally proven, increasing as the content of the filler increases or its dispersity increases significantly compared to the dispersion of cement.

5. The processes of structure formation of fine-grained powder concrete have been studied. It has been shown that powder concrete made from superplasticized cast self-compacting concrete mixtures is much denser, the kinetics of their strength increase is more intense, and the standard strength is significantly higher than concrete without SP, pressed at the same water content under a pressure of 40-50 MPa. Criteria for assessing the reaction-chemical activity of powders have been developed.

6. The compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with thin steel fiber with a diameter of 0.15 and a length of 6 mm, the technology of their preparation, the order of introducing components and the duration of mixing have been optimized; The influence of the composition on the fluid density, air content of concrete mixtures, and compressive strength of concrete has been established.

7. Some physical and technical properties of dispersed-reinforced powder concrete and the main patterns of the influence of various formulation factors on them have been studied.

The practical significance of the work lies in the development of new cast fine-grained powder concrete mixtures with fiber for pouring molds for products and structures, both without and with combined rod reinforcement or without fiber for pouring molds with ready-made volumetric woven fine mesh frames. Using high-density concrete mixtures, it is possible to produce highly crack-resistant bendable or compressed reinforced concrete structures with a viscous fracture pattern under extreme loads.

A high-density, high-strength composite matrix with a compressive strength of 120-150 MPa has been obtained to increase adhesion to metal in order to use thin and short high-strength fiber 0 0.040.15 mm and a length of 6-9 mm, allowing to reduce its consumption and the resistance to flow of concrete mixtures for casting technologies for manufacturing thin-walled filigree products with high tensile strength during bending.

New types of fine-grained powder dispersed reinforced concrete are expanding the range of high-strength products and structures for various types of construction.

The raw material base of natural fillers from stone crushing screenings, dry and wet magnetic separation during the extraction and enrichment of ore and non-metallic minerals has been expanded.

The economic efficiency of the developed concretes consists in a significant reduction in material consumption by reducing the consumption of concrete mixtures for the manufacture of high-strength products and structures.

Implementation of research results. The developed compositions have undergone production testing at Penza Reinforced Concrete Plant LLC and at the precast concrete production base of Energoservice JSC and are used in Munich in the manufacture of balcony supports, slabs and other products in residential construction.

Approbation of work. The main provisions and results of the dissertation work were presented and reported at International and All-Russian scientific and technical conferences: “Young science for the new millennium” (Naberezhnye Chelny, 1996), “Issues of urban planning and development” (Penza, 1996, 1997, 1999 d), “Modern problems of building materials science” (Penza, 1998), “Modern construction” (1998), International scientific and technical conferences “Composite building materials. Theory and practice", (Penza, 2002,

2003, 2004, 2005), “Resource and energy saving as motivation for creativity in the architectural construction process” (Moscow-Kazan, 2003), “Current issues of construction” (Saransk, 2004), “New energy and resource-saving science-intensive technologies in the production of building materials" (Penza, 2005), the All-Russian scientific and practical conference "Urban planning, reconstruction and engineering support for sustainable development of Volga region cities" (Tolyatti, 2004), Academic readings of the RAASN "Achievements, problems and promising directions development of theory and practice of building materials science" (Kazan, 2006).

Publications. Based on the results of the research, 27 works were published (2 works in journals on the list of the Higher Attestation Commission).

Structure and scope of work. The dissertation work consists of an introduction, 6 chapters, main conclusions, appendices and a list of references of 160 titles, presented on 175 pages of typewritten text, contains 64 figures, 33 tables.

Conclusion dissertation on the topic "Fine-grained reaction-powder dispersed-reinforced concrete using rocks"

1. An analysis of the composition and properties of dispersed reinforced concrete produced in Russia indicates that they do not fully meet the technical and economic requirements due to the low compressive strength of concrete (M 400-600). In such three-, four- and rarely five-component concretes, not only dispersed reinforcement of high strength, but also of normal strength is underused.

2. Based on theoretical ideas about the possibility of achieving maximum water-reducing effects of superplasticizers in dispersed systems that do not contain coarse-grained aggregates, the high reactivity of microsilica and rock powders, which jointly enhance the rheological effect of the joint venture, the creation of a seven-component high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder concrete matrix for thin and relatively short dispersed reinforcement d = 0.15-0.20 μm and / = 6 mm, which does not form “hedgehogs” in the production of concrete and little reduces the fluidity of PBS.

3. It has been shown that the main criterion for obtaining high-density PBS is the high fluidity of a very dense cementitious mixture of cement, MC, rock powder and water, provided by the addition of SP. In this regard, a methodology has been developed for assessing the rheological properties of dispersed systems and PBS. It has been established that high fluidity of PBS is ensured at a maximum shear stress of 5-10 Pa and at a water content of 10-11% by weight of dry components.

4. The structural topology of composite binders and dispersed reinforced concrete is revealed and their mathematical models of structure are given. An ion-diffusion through-solution mechanism for hardening composite filled binders has been established. Systematized methods for calculating the average distances between sand particles in PBS, geometric centers of fibers in powder concrete using various formulas and for various parameters //, /, d. The objectivity of the author's formula is shown in contrast to those traditionally used. The optimal distance and thickness of the layer of cementing suspension in PBS should be in the range of 37-44 + 43-55 microns with sand consumption of 950-1000 kg and its fractions of 0.1-0.5 and 0.14-0.63 mm, respectively.

5. The rheotechnological properties of dispersed-reinforced and non-reinforced PBS were established using developed methods. Optimal spreading of PBS from a cone with dimensions D = 100; d=70; h = 60 mm should be 25-30 cm. Coefficients of reduction in spreading were identified depending on the geometric parameters of the fiber and a reduction in the spreading of PBS when blocked by a mesh fence. It has been shown that for pouring PBS into molds with three-dimensional mesh woven frames, the spread should be at least 28-30 cm.

6. A method has been developed for assessing the reaction-chemical activity of rock powders in low-cement mixtures (C:P - 1:10) in samples pressed under extrusion molding pressure. It has been established that with the same activity, assessed by strength after 28 days and during long curing periods (1-1.5 years), preference when used in RPBS should be given to powders from high-strength rocks: basalt, diabase, dacite, quartz.

7. The processes of structure formation of powder concrete have been studied. It has been established that cast mixtures in the first 10-20 minutes after pouring release up to 40-50% of entrained air and require coating with a film that prevents the formation of a dense crust. The mixtures begin to actively set 7-10 hours after pouring and gain strength after 1 day 30-40 MPa, after 2 days - 50-60 MPa.

8. The basic experimental and theoretical principles for selecting the composition of concrete with a strength of 130-150 MPa have been formulated. To ensure high fluidity of PBS, quartz sand must be of a fine-grained fraction

0.14-0.63 or 0.1-0.5 mm with a bulk density of 1400-1500 kg/m3 at a flow rate of 950-1000 kg/m3. The thickness of the layer of suspension of cement-stone flour and MC between sand grains should be in the range of 43-55 and 37-44 microns, respectively, with a water and SP content providing a mixture spread of 2530 cm. The dispersion of PC and stone flour should be approximately the same, the content MK 15-20%, stone flour content 40-55% by weight of cement. When varying the content of these factors, the optimal composition is selected based on the required spread of the mixture and the maximum compressive strength values ​​after 2.7 and 28 days.

9. The compositions of fine-grained dispersed reinforced concrete with a compressive strength of 130-150 MPa were optimized using steel fiber with a reinforcement coefficient // = 1%. Optimal technological parameters have been identified: mixing should be carried out in high-speed mixers of a special design, preferably evacuated; The sequence of loading components and mixing and “rest” modes are strictly regulated.

10. The influence of the composition on the fluidity, density, air content of dispersed reinforced PBS, and on the compressive strength of concrete was studied. It was revealed that the spreadability of mixtures, as well as the strength of concrete, depend on a number of recipe and technological factors. During optimization, mathematical dependences of fluidity and strength on individual, most significant factors were established.

11. Some physical and technical properties of dispersed reinforced concrete have been studied. It has been shown that concretes with a compressive strength of 120 l

150 MPa have an elastic modulus of (44-47) -10 MPa, Poisson's ratio -0.31-0.34 (0.17-0.19 for unreinforced). The air shrinkage of dispersed reinforced concrete is 1.3-1.5 times lower than that of non-reinforced concrete. High frost resistance, low water absorption and air shrinkage indicate the high performance properties of such concrete.

12. Production testing and technical and economic assessment indicate the need to organize production and widespread introduction of fine-grained reaction powder dispersed reinforced concrete into construction.

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