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Options for an extension to a wooden house. Extension to a wooden house: projects, construction technologies, choosing the optimal option. What elements does an open terrace consist of?

Allows you to significantly expand your living and functional space country house at relatively low costs. An extension to a house can be used in different ways. Some people organize a summer kitchen there, others a dining room or living room, others a place for rest and relaxation.

New use cases square meters There are many, so you need to decide based on your own preferences and requirements.

All work on the construction of the extension can be done with your own hands.

And it doesn’t really matter what material is chosen for its construction. You need to understand that the use of heavy building materials (brick, concrete slabs, etc.) will require the construction of a fairly powerful foundation. Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out calculations and draw up a project that will take into account all the important construction parameters.

What kind of extensions to the house can there be?

Extension to country house may have the most different type. It’s even difficult to single out the most common option, but in our country you can most often find the following extensions:

• Side with combined or own roof;
• Attic extension;
• Second floor extension.

A side extension with a combined roof is an affordable and affordable option because it only requires a slight extension of the roof to the size of the extension. When choosing this type, the country house is simply completed. Regardless of the materials used, you will have to make a suitable foundation. The extension can have any dimensions, but structures that are too large, even on large areas, will not look aesthetically pleasing. Choosing an option with your own roof is usually relevant in cases where it is not possible to do it yourself common roof with a country house. In such a situation, the consumption of building materials, time and volumes of construction work, financial expenses.

If you want to make an add-on, then you need to take into account the fact that not in all cases such a possibility exists.

The main problem will usually be design features foundation, because during the construction of the house it was hardly planned that a superstructure would be built in the future. Therefore, not every foundation, even the most reliable one, can cope with an additional floor of the house. If you are sure that the foundation can withstand additional loads, then before starting work it would be correct to consult with specialists who can not only carry out everything necessary calculations, but also give advice on strengthening the existing foundation with your own hands.

What building materials can be used to build an extension?

For the construction of extensions, timber, frame base, brick or foam blocks are usually used. Of course, any other building materials can be used if desired, but these four types are the most popular in our country.

1. Using timber to build an extension is a rational and optimal option in many cases. In this case, the use of any timber is allowed - planed, glued, rounded. The features of the timber allow you to carry out all the work yourself and in a short time.

Timber extension.

The main advantages of the timber are:

• The production of timber is carried out at woodworking enterprises, so there is always the opportunity to choose suitable model based on your requirements and wishes;
• In the factory, the material is treated with special compounds, which guarantees long-term resistance of the timber to various negative influences;
• If necessary, at the enterprise, at the request of the client, the timber can be given any shade by subjecting it to high-temperature treatment;
• Regardless of the type of timber, the material is environmentally friendly (although certain claims in this sense are made against laminated timber);
• Extensions can be made from timber for wooden, brick, and block houses. If necessary, the outer side of the beam can be treated with any finishing or facing materials.

1. Frame base. Building an extension based on a frame is also a very affordable option that does not require major financial investments. The frame structure is formed on the basis metal beams or timber blocks that are installed around the perimeter of the extension using special technology. You can do everything yourself, but if you have no experience in this area, it is best to consult with specialists in advance.

Frame extension.

Upon completion of the frame construction, the internal and external cladding is carried out. outer surfaces special building boards (OSB, chipboard, etc.), the installation of which also creates an effective thermal insulation layer. In this case, the insulation can be traditional mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, specialized thermal insulation boards, sprayed insulators, etc. In addition, the thermal insulation material, regardless of its type, is additionally insulated using waterproof insulators.

1. It’s worth noting right away that installing a brick extension will require the owner of the house to have some skills and some experience in carrying out masonry work. Only with a competent approach and compliance with all technologies can you properly make a high-quality brick extension with your own hands. In any other case, it is necessary to invite specialists involved in laying bricks and similar materials to carry out the work.

Brick extension.

The use of brick for an extension has the following features:

• If finishing or cladding of a brick wall is not planned in the future decorative materials, then such an extension is best built on the back side of the building;
• Taking into account the fact that even a one-story brick extension will have significant weight, before its construction it is necessary to take care of constructing a strong and reliable foundation;
• The financial costs of building a brick extension are significant (largely due to the need for a strong foundation and inviting specialists);
• It is quite difficult to connect an extension to a country house correctly and only on your own.

1. An extension made of foam blocks has high strength characteristics; it will not require significant costs and the use of additional thermal insulation materials.

Extension made of foam blocks.

Using foam blocks to build an extension to a house with your own hands has the following advantages:

• There is no need to make a foundation as strong as in the case of using brick, because the blocks, given their size, have a relatively low weight;
• The use of foam blocks eliminates the need to decorate the walls of the extension with thermal insulation materials;
• You can build an extension made of foam blocks with your own hands several times faster than a brick structure.

At the same time, additional costs when using foam blocks may be required to ensure protection of the material from various negative impacts. As a rule, siding, decorative brick, ventilated facades and other materials are used for this.

It is worth noting that processing foam blocks with your own hands is also not difficult, so working with them is quite easy.

Features of self-building an extension

First of all, even before starting work, it is necessary to determine for which solution to which problem it was necessary to make an extension to the house. Depending on this, the construction material, foundation structure, communications, number of windows, volume and quality of insulation and waterproofing used, as well as many other points will be determined.

If you plan to make a garage out of foam blocks or an outbuilding out of brick, then the work will be carried out in one direction; if you plan to build a summer kitchen or dining room, then in a completely different direction.

Particular attention should also be paid to the connection between a country house and an extension, regardless of what tasks the extension will perform. The extension must be organically combined with the main structure, not stand out against its background, and have a solid foundation that will not cause the structure to sag and prematurely collapse.

Certain difficulties may also arise during the construction of the roof, during the installation of which some nuances must be taken into account. The roof of the extension, made of brick or foam blocks, should be slightly lower than the roof level of the main building. Otherwise, precipitation will enter the joint, which can potentially lead to moisture penetration into the room.

From a legal point of view

The construction and operation of an extension to the house must be legalized. If this is not done in advance, then in the future you may encounter quite serious difficulties and sanctions from regulatory authorities.

In order to avoid running through the courts upon completion of construction, it is recommended to begin work on the construction of an extension to the house in accordance with the procedure established by law.

First, you must obtain a permit from the local authorities, which will provide recommendations for the construction of an extension. Then you need to visit the organization involved in the projects so that specialists can develop a suitable project based on the requirements for materials and general design. They can also tell you about the power and water supply of the extension (if communications are planned).

After this, it is necessary to coordinate the project with regulatory authorities and the local architectural department. Only after all bureaucratic procedures have been completed can the construction of an extension made of brick, foam blocks, timber or frame base begin. In a number of cases, after completion of construction work, the structure is inspected by supervisory authorities, which determine whether the object complies with all standards.

Extension to wooden house is a good option for creating additional residential or functional room in a suburban building. It can perform a huge number of functions, depending on the wishes of the owners: garage, boiler room, living room, kitchen, terrace, veranda, etc.

You can make such an extension correctly with your own hands.

The design can be made from the most different materials: timber, wooden frame, foam concrete blocks, brick. In addition, there are many extension projects. If you don’t have the skills to develop projects, it would naturally be best to turn to a specialized company for this.

Frame-type extensions

Frame extensions have become especially common in recent years because they have many advantages over their counterparts:

• Relatively fast construction work;
• Everything can be done with your own hands: from project development to... interior design and insulation;
• Insignificant financial costs for building materials and labor costs;
• If all technologies are followed, you can get warm, comfortable for living, durable, reliable and durable designs made on a wooden frame;
• Experts strongly recommend choosing frame technologies if the extension is supposed to have two floors.

Frame extension.

Of course, before starting construction work, regardless of the functional purpose of the extension (garage, kitchen, living room, etc.), it is imperative to carry out all the necessary calculations, soil studies and make a project. Design can be done independently or with the assistance of specialists. It would be correct to contact a specialized company or private craftsmen who, for a certain amount, will be able to create a project that is guaranteed to be accepted by the regulatory authorities when reviewing documents for an extension.

It is worth noting that the frame for the extension can be made of either wood or a metal base.

A wooden frame will be cheaper and lighter and will not put extra load on the foundation, but a metal base will be more durable and reliable. The production of wooden frames is carried out from beams and boards. Foundation for frame extension It would be correct to make it strip or monolithic using cement mortar. It makes no difference how many floors the structure will have, or what materials are used for construction. The use of pile, columnar or screw foundations will be relevant when there are no heavy structural elements. Almost any type of foundation can be made with your own hands.

Extension made of foam concrete blocks

Foam concrete blocks are also quite actively used today in suburban construction. They are used to make a garage, outbuildings, verandas, gazebos, and outbuildings with your own hands.

Among the main advantages of using foam concrete blocks for the construction of an extension to a country house are:

• Laying blocks does not require any special skills or experience;
• An extension to a wooden house made of blocks is not inferior in terms of environmental friendliness and safety to natural wood;
• Foam concrete blocks are fire-resistant, resistant to moisture, and do not allow cold air and do not let warm heat out of the room;
• Upon completion of construction, there is no need to wait some time for the material to shrink (unlike logs);
• Relatively low price for blocks;
• High strength characteristics, ease of processing with available materials;
• Blocks can be used in the construction of buildings on difficult soils;
• Foam blocks are light in weight, so there is no urgent need to build a powerful and expensive foundation.

You can make any type of extension from foam blocks: living room, kitchen, garage, veranda, terrace, outbuilding, etc.

Besides, foam concrete blocks during the construction process, you can easily tie it to the log house with your own hands, because porous material, like logs, lends itself well to processing.

You can build an extension of any size and shape from foam concrete blocks. The main thing here is to draw up a project in advance and provide for the use of effective waterproofing and thermal insulation materials. Experts note that when building an extension from foam blocks, it will be much easier to legalize it, unlike wooden or brick structures.

Brick extension

A brick extension to a wooden house is probably the most difficult option of all those available to implement with your own hands, but many country homeowners still choose it, despite solutions that are more rational in all respects.

It’s immediately worth noting that tying a brick extension to a log house and other wooden parts will not be easy - for this you will have to use special technologies connections and fixing elements. In addition, in places where the brick and logs come into contact, it will be necessary to lay a layer of thermal insulation and waterproofing material.

For a brick extension that will have significant weight, you will need to make a fairly strong foundation.

The optimal solution would be a monolithic or strip concrete base. You need to remember that the country house also needs to be connected. This is usually done using reinforcement, which is first inserted into the thickness of the old foundation. In cases where difficult soil conditions are observed in the area (for example, heaving types of soil occur), fix the walls and foundation together brick extension and suburban wooden house It’s not worth it, because this approach can lead to partial destruction of two structures.

Brick extension to a timber house.

In such situations, an extension made of brick (or logs, frame, blocks) is made as an independent structure, which is erected close to the country house, but between the two structures there remains a small technological deformation gap, filled with thermal insulation and waterproofing material. Garages, workshops and any other outbuildings are often made from bricks or blocks, reliably protected from all sides. Certainly, brick garage will not provide the proper level of thermal insulation, so installation of insulation will be required.

How to attach a veranda, canopy or porch to a wooden house?

Not all country homeowners need a garage, new living room, kitchen or shed. That is why they choose a canopy or terrace as an extension, which is easily attached to the timber and does not require documentation, unlike permanent structures. Naturally, all work on constructing a canopy or veranda can be done with your own hands.

First, you need to install two vertical posts (they can be made of timber, metal pipe, concrete), which are inserted into pre-prepared holes of appropriate depth (75-125 cm). Immediately after installing the racks, the pits must be filled with high-quality cement mortar. After the mortar has hardened, horizontal beams are laid on the racks, which are fastened to the frame, taking into account the slope of the canopy. Then it is mounted on the beams, which act as rafters. wooden sheathing. And only after that a suitable roofing material is installed on the sheathing.

As roofing material You can use ondulin, metal tiles, slate, polycarbonate and any other types of traditional and modern roofing.

No foundation is required for the canopy. If you plan to build a terrace, then it is best to make a separate foundation for it.

Building a new residential building is an expensive and, to some extent, risky undertaking. Another issue is expanding an existing building to increase usable area. Adding an additional room to a country house or cottage will cost much less than building everything from scratch. But this does not mean that designing and installing a new room is a simple matter; you will encounter a lot of pitfalls along the way. To avoid mistakes, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the recommendations on how to make an extension to your house with your own hands and at minimal cost.

How to make an extension

To answer this question, you will have to engage in design, which is where any construction begins. Sketch a plan of the old building to scale, determine the location of the attached room and put it on the drawing. After thinking about internal layout new part, you can accurately determine its dimensions. Draw a side view to get an idea of ​​how much headroom you have based on roof slopes.

Important point. Careful drawing and verification with actual dimensions on site will allow you to avoid unpleasant mistakes associated with the size of the part being built, its height and especially the slope of the roof. Minimum angle roof slope - 8°, you cannot do less, otherwise leaks will appear after rain and snowfalls.

A full-fledged project must include material for the construction of an extension. Its choice depends on the purpose of the new room:

1. A full room with access to the hallway, equipped with heating and other communications - bedroom, kitchen, bathroom or toilet. This is a permanent structure built from brick, aerated concrete, foam block and their combinations. Timbers such as timber and logs are also suitable.
2. Light extensions - veranda, open terrace, vestibule or porch with a polycarbonate canopy. It is better to build such premises on a frame made of wood or metal structures, sheathed OSB boards followed by finishing. The greenhouse and winter garden are made of glass.
3. Outbuilding to the house - barn, garage, boiler room. These structures can be both capital and lightweight; the choice of material depends on your desires and capabilities. Common options are cinder block, shell rock and wood. A more progressive solution is sandwich panels with insulation on a rolled metal frame.
4. A separate question is what to make an extension to the balcony from. apartment building on the first floor. The answer is simple: the same partition must be adjacent to the brick wall so that the structure does not fall out from the exterior of the building. You can use any stone blocks near the panel house, but then they will have to be finished to match the color of the surrounding walls.

Note. Regarding the building materials used, not requirements are listed, but recommendations. You are free to make an extension at your discretion, for example, build brick building near log house. But similar solutions it is more difficult to implement, and most importantly, more expensive.

How to make a foundation for an extension

For attached premises, 4 types of foundations are used depending on the weight of the structure and the quality of the soil:

• columnar - for lightweight structures on a wooden frame;
• a pile-screw foundation is used on subsiding soils for the installation of structures made of wood and metal that have a low mass;
• tape - for heavy stone buildings;
• a reinforced concrete monolithic slab is poured over the entire area of ​​the attached part, built from bricks or blocks on unstable soils.

Example of a columnar concrete base

Advice. Modern frame houses are increasingly being placed on screw piles. If this is your case, then the choice of foundation is obvious - a pile-screw foundation; it makes no sense to use another type.

Solid concrete slab used quite rarely due to high cost, and twisting screw piles It is better to entrust it to professionals in this field. To independently build a light veranda or summer gazebo, a columnar base is recommended. For brickwork or walls made of aerated blocks, it is better to fill in a concrete strip; we will consider these 2 methods further.

Traditional strip foundation

Columnar base

A properly made foundation of this type is cheaper than tape and is well suited for light buildings. Its construction begins with marking the site and designating installation points for future vertical racks frame. The pillars, and therefore the soles for them, should be placed in increments of 1.5 m, as shown in the diagram.

The further procedure is as follows:

1. Dig square holes measuring 50 x 50 cm at the designated points, going 70-80 cm deep. The task is to place a support on dense, stable soil, so the bottom of the pit needs to be compacted.
2. Add 15 cm of sand or fine gravel and compact again. Fill a platform at the bottom using M150 concrete, and after hardening, cover it with roofing felt in 2 layers (waterproofing).
3. Lay out 38 x 38 cm square pillars of red ceramic bricks to the required height.
4. Apply bitumen primer to the walls of the posts or stick on built-up waterproofing. Place the roofing material on the top of the support again.
5. Fill the gaps around the foundation with earth and compact them lightly.

Reference. Foundation pillars for a frame extension can be cast from M200 concrete, but then you will have to install formwork and knit reinforcement mesh.

Strip foundation device

Under this type of foundation you need to dig a trench along the contour of the future room, as shown in the photo below. The width of the ditch should be made 15 cm greater than the thickness of the wall made of brick or foam block. The depth depends on the location of the stable soil layer and ranges from 50-100 cm. The walls of the pit must be cleaned, and the bottom must be compacted and filled sand cushion 100 mm thick.

Advice. When digging a trench, focus on the depth of the foundation of a private house (if it is reinforced concrete or block). The rubble foundations of very old dwellings can be buried less, so you should not rely on them.

The work order is as follows:

1. Compact the poured sand and install wooden panel formwork with external supports and internal braces (possibly from studs with nuts) that do not allow the sides to move under the weight of the concrete. The height of the formwork is not lower than the level of the base of the existing building.
2. Tie or weld frames from corrugated reinforcement with a diameter of 8-12 mm to form cells 10 x 15 cm. Install them in a trench on supports 50 mm high.
3. Prepare concrete mixture M150 in the following proportions: cement M400 - 1 part, dry sand - 3 parts, crushed stone with a fraction of up to 40 mm - 5 volumes.
4. Fill the strip foundation layer by layer to the height of the base of the house. It is highly advisable to compact concrete using special vibrators (rent them).
5. Remove the formwork after 7 days, and continue work after 3 weeks, when the concrete mixture has hardened.

Advice. To prevent the concrete from losing its milk when pouring and subsequently absorbing moisture, before installing the reinforcement cages, cover the trench with the formwork with plastic film.

If you want to make the extension warm from the beginning, then after the foundation has hardened, insulate it from the outside with polystyrene foam, or better yet, with polystyrene foam. Lay drainage along the bottom of the ditch and fill the sinuses with soil, then cast a blind area with insulation, as shown in the diagram. For an unheated extension, treat the base with bitumen or apply waterproofing (for example, from famous brand TechnoNIKOL). Place roofing felt in 2 layers on top of the base and begin forming the floors. You will learn about all stages of work by watching the video:

Floor installation

The first stage of building an extension to the house with your own hands is the installation of floors, which come in 2 types:

• flooring on wooden joists;
• cement strainer.

Note. On a columnar foundation, floors can only be built on joists, but on a strip foundation - any floors you can choose from.

The wooden floors of the extension are made using the following technology:

1. Place wooden lintels - beams with a minimum cross-section of 10 x 15 cm - on the brick pillars and secure them with anchors. On the corner supports, join them halfway across the tree (how to do this is shown in the photo). Fasten the bars together with steel corners on self-tapping screws.
2. Install the logs in the same way.
3. If insulation is not required, then lay the subfloor from 40 mm thick boards.
4. To insulate floors, nail skull blocks to the bottom of the joists, lay boards and insulation with a vapor barrier on them. Then lay the subfloors.

An example of connecting half-timber beams

To install the screed, the space inside the strip foundation is filled with earth, compacted with water. Fill the recess on top with expanded clay to a height of 20-30 cm and fill the screed. Let it harden for 2-3 days and proceed to the construction of walls.

Construction of extension walls

Construction order open veranda or porch depends on the project and design of the structure. But in any case, installation begins with the installation of vertical posts and connecting them together with horizontal jumpers. Here, wooden beams 10 x 15 cm or steel are most often used profile pipes cross section 80 x 60 mm, or 60 x 60 mm.

Reference. Builders of frame houses practice a different technology: the wall sections are assembled entirely on the ground, and then raised and attached to the foundation and to each other.

It is better to join the beams in half a tree or in a groove with steel corners fixed on self-tapping screws, as shown in the diagram. At the top, the pillars are united by a horizontal beam, where the roof rafters will subsequently lie. The ends of this lintel are securely attached to the wall of your home. A cold extension can be immediately lined with OSB boards, which will strengthen the frame. The heated room will need to be insulated with mineral wool 100 mm thick. For more information about the construction of frame walls, watch the video:

The main walls of the extension are built from bricks or blocks according to all the rules of masonry - with bandaging of the seams and checking the vertical. The first row is laid around the entire perimeter, and then you need to form the corners, raising them by 4-5 rows. Next, a wall is built to the same height, after which the action is repeated.

Advice. Connect brick or block masonry to the walls of the house by drilling holes through 2-3 rows and inserting reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm into them.

Roof installation

As a rule, the roof of the extension is made on wooden beams supported by the existing wall of the house and the new partition. The algorithm of actions is as follows:

1. Anchor a horizontal board with a thickness of at least 50 mm to the wall of the building to support the rafters. In a stone extension, lay the same boards on top of the walls and secure them.
2. Install rafters from boards 15 x 5 cm (minimum section) in increments of 600 mm to suit the size slab insulation. Screw them to the supports using steel angles and self-tapping screws.
3. Place waterproofing - a diffusion membrane - over the beams with an overlap of 10 cm and nail it to the rafters with planks.
4. Lay it down roofing– slate, metal tiles or corrugated sheets. In order for water to drain properly from the roof, the slate must be placed under the roof overhang of your home.

Simple rafter system for a wooden extension

If necessary, insulate the roof of the extension by inserting mineral wool slabs between the beams at random. Add insulation to the bottom vapor barrier film and sew it up facing material. More information about installing the roof of the extension is described in the video:

Conclusion

It is better to carry out all work on the construction of an extension to the house with an assistant; many operations are inconvenient to perform alone. WITH one-story building you can do it without any problems, you just need to take the time. Don’t forget to treat the wood with an antiseptic compound and paint it well so that the frame of the veranda or porch will last for many years.

Design engineer with more than 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronics Industry Equipment in 2011.

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Solving the housing problem if you have your own private house is much easier than in a city apartment. The best option is to make an extension that can be used for a variety of purposes:

• full-fledged living space - additional room;
• living space with an attic (if the extension is two-story);
• utility room - its own pantry, which can largely replace a cellar;
• a spacious terrace or veranda where you can relax with the whole family;
• garage for cars.

Below we will discuss the basics of technology and step-by-step instruction creating an extension to a wooden house.

Before choosing a specific building material and technology for constructing an extension, it is important to clearly define the purpose of the room. Perhaps you should immediately plan to create an extension in which it will be possible to live year-round - in case the family expands or a large number of guests arrive.

Types of extensions

There are several types of extensions to a wooden house. They differ in material, as well as installation features:

1. frame extensions;
2. from cylindrical timber;
3. made of brick;
4. from cinder block.

Before erecting a structure, it is important to take into account all the nuances that may affect the choice of materials and the specific type of extension:

Do right choice of a specific extension project means correctly correlating the purpose of this structure, the features of the house to which it is attached, with the technology and material of manufacture. To do this, it is important to understand how each type of such structure is built.

Do-it-yourself frame extension: step-by-step instructions and video

A frame extension has a number of advantages:

• the design is quite simple, and if everything is calculated correctly, it is quite possible to do it yourself;
• it is erected much faster than brick and cinder block structures;
• the design is quite light in weight and does not require much effort during operation;
• In terms of thermal insulation, durability and other consumer qualities, a frame extension to a house is not inferior to others types of structures.

NOTE. If you intend to build a two-story extension, you should consider this option - lightweight design and will not create excessive pressure on the ground, so the risks of subsidence are noticeably reduced.

Preparation for construction

On preparatory stage it is important to solve the following problems:

• What will the frame material be - wooden beams or metal profiles.
• What type of extension will be connected to the main building?
• Accurately calculate all dimensions of the structure and develop a detailed drawing.
• Collect everything necessary materials and tools.

First of all, it is important to decide what type of structure will be built - as a continuation of the house with an increase in the main roof to install a single roof, or as an adjacent building.

It is clear that the second case will be cheaper, simpler and faster - the extension will simply be adjacent to the wall. You can make access from the house directly into it if you make an appropriate hole and install a door.

A diagram of the connection between the structure and the house is presented below.

Structurally, this solution consists of a roof placed on supports. The roof is standardly made of rafters and support boards. For more long term service, it is advisable to insulate it and lay out a layer of waterproofing. As a rule, it is based on a regular strip foundation.

Interface with the main part of the house occurs at 2 points:

• wall;
• roof.

The connection in each of them has its own characteristics, which will be described below. Preliminary sketch of the extension, as well as practical advice things to consider before starting work:

At the same time, for the roof of the extension it is better to choose a material that is elastic enough to make the necessary corrections. You can purchase corrugated sheeting (height within 1 cm) or soft tiles.

In this sense, slate or traditional ceramic tiles and metal tiles are not suitable.

The frame is made of wood or metal. In this case, all parts should consist of only one type of material - then the extension is more reliable and lasts longer.

NOTE. Even if the house is good condition, but quite old, then the rate of its subsidence will be several times higher than the subsidence of the extension. Accordingly, it is better not to use a rigid type of connection of the structure to the main wall. In this case, another type of installation is used - “groove-ridge”.

As for tools, no special equipment is required: it is important to have a screwdriver, saw, pliers, building level and other tools for woodworking.

Installation work must be carried out by at least two people - some stages will require joint efforts.

Laying the foundation

The first stage of work is laying the foundation. Since in the vast majority of cases, the construction of a house does not involve the construction of a foundation for an extension, the foundation must not only be laid correctly, but also reliably connected to the main foundation.

NOTE. If you are designing the construction of a newly built house, it is better to take into account the extension right away. It can be made after some time, and laying the foundation along with the foundation of the main building is a technically correct option. In this case, the house and the extension will be a single whole, which will ensure their reliability.

The main requirements for the base of the extension are the following:

• reliability – stable maintenance of the weight of the structure without subsidence: especially important for extensions made of heavy materials or two-story structures;
• maximum identity with the main foundation in terms of material and laying depth;
• the most complete adhesion to the main foundation.

Most often, strip foundations are chosen for extensions, since they are quite capable of coping with such loads. However, installation features always depend on the type of soil. You can lay monolithic foundations, made of brick or concrete blocks, and fill them with drainage materials.

Schematic diagrams of the bases are presented in the figure.

The technology for constructing a strip foundation for an extension does not differ from the usual one. In short, a trench is dug, reinforced and filled with concrete.

Connecting the foundation to the main one

This is the most critical stage. which needs special attention. Traditionally, two types of connections are used:

• "tape-tape";
• "slab-slab".

According to the “tape-to-tape” type, the stages of work will be as follows:

1. On the installation side of the extension, a trench is dug corresponding to the depth of the main foundation.
2. Next, a hole half a meter in diameter is drilled at the base of the house - for the corners of the foundation of the extension. For all other parts, the hole corresponds to the diameter of the reinforcement at a depth of 2/3.
3. The reinforcement is driven into the foundation of the house; a wooden wedge is used for this.
4. The foundation of the extension is formed using the driven reinforcement.

Installation according to the “slab-to-slab” scheme is possible in 2 cases:

• the width of the main foundation allows for appropriate work (from 450 mm);
• the plate protrudes from the base (at least 300 mm).

Thanks to an extension, it is often possible to solve another important problem - strengthening the old foundation and thereby supporting a sagging house. Visual video instructions:

Features of laying the foundation in the case of an old house:

Installation of flooring in an extension

Correctly making the floor in the future room is important from the point of view of 2 factors:

• thermal insulation;
• surface evenness.

It is important to make a high-quality floor, especially in cases where the extension to the house will be used as an additional room with the possibility of year-round use.

The strip foundation allows you to install both a concrete floor and make it out of wood. In the case of a columnar base, it is only possible to produce a wooden covering.

Concrete floor

The sequence of technology for laying this floor looks like this:

The concrete surface is quite cold, so this floor needs careful insulation, especially in the northern regions.

Wooden floor

On a columnar or strip foundation, a floor created on the basis of wooden floors. He needs additional processing to avoid rotting, however wood flooring much warmer than concrete.

The installation sequence for a wooden floor looks like this:

1. If an extension to a house is being built as a permanent structure, then preparatory work is carried out to lay sand, crushed stone or expanded clay, as in the case of a concrete floor.
2. A roofing felt substrate is placed on the foundation.
3. Load-bearing beams are laid on it. If the foundation is columnar, then they are mounted directly on the pillars, the length is adjusted in accordance with the interval. If the foundation is strip, it is important to install intermediate pillars at a certain interval or use long beams if the extension is small in area.
4. A wooden covering is mounted on the beams.

All wooden parts must be carefully treated with varnish to prevent rotting.

A clear example of installing a wooden floor in a cinder block extension is shown in the video.

Frame installation

The next stage is associated with the direct construction frame structure. To do this, you first need to install the strapping beam. If it is assumed that the wall thickness will be 200 mm, then the dimensions of the end bar will be 25-40 mm, as shown in the detailed diagram.

The end result is a design that looks something like this.

Cutting out the groove in the base can be done completely or incompletely. Can be jointed without cutting using a steel angle.

The lower harness is performed in several stages:

1. The nest is mounted in the insert.
2. The overlay is nailed into the base.
3. The support post is secured with a bracket.

The top trim is formed for reliable installation of the floor beams, as shown in the diagram.

NOTE. The interval between vertical supports should be at least 50-60 cm, since in this case it will be possible to easily lay insulation ( mineral wool, polystyrene foam, ecowool, etc.). In addition, there is no practical need for a more frequent arrangement of racks.

The general design of the frame is shown in the diagram.

The construction of walls occurs according to the following algorithm:

• Installation of a pre-fabricated lower trim on the foundation. The harness is screwed using dowels.

A waterproofing layer - foamed polyethylene, roofing felt or other material - must be placed between the piping and the foundations.

• Vertical beams are nailed to the wall of the house if rigid fastening of two structures is expected. If you just need to build a nearby building, then first make corner posts with temporary fastening.
• Vertical bars are installed. Their height is selected depending on the number of storeys of the structure, as well as on the method of connection to the main roof of the house.
• Next, the top trim is mounted.
• The last stage in installation is making holes for windows and doors.

ADVICE. If you plan to build a large extension with a large number of beams, then it is more convenient to assemble the frame separately, installing all the beams on bottom trim. In this case, there is no need to fasten each element using temporary slopes.

Assembling the roof and connecting it to the main roof

Installation of rafters is carried out in the same way as with regular roof, however, the need to connect the roof to the roof of the house gives rise to a number of features of this work.

IN general view finished design can be schematically depicted as follows.

After erecting the frame, the roof material of the house on the side of the extension must be disassembled so that the rafters appear. It is to them that the connecting rafters of the extension are mounted. Installation is carried out according to the principle of a rigid triangle, while in front acute angle it is important to put additional timber (shown by arrows in the figure). These elements also serve as an additional measure of protection during snowfalls, which is why they are also called snow supports.

The sequence of actions for installing the roof can be briefly described as follows:

1. The rafters from the extension are mounted with the top frame frame.
2. The upper end of the rafters is connected to a purlin, which is pre-installed on the roof or attached directly to the roof rafters.

Video installation features

NOTE. You should not connect the rafters of the extension to the house in a rigid manner. This can damage the structure due to uneven rates of shrinkage of the main room and the extension. The optimal solution to this problem is the use of a sliding structure that ensures free movement of the lower support.

Finishing and insulation of the roof

At this stage, the roof is completely finished with its sealing and insulation, as shown in the diagram.

NOTE. If the roof of the extension simply adjoins the wall of the house, and does not organically connect with its roof, then a sealant is used for insulation, tightly closing the hole between the roof and the wall, as shown in the diagram.

Construction and insulation of walls

One of the last stages is the construction of walls and their insulation. An extension is a durable structure, and even if it is used only for economic purposes, it is important to create sufficiently good insulation so that temperature changes cannot damage internal surfaces walls and ceiling.

The structure of the wall can be schematically represented as follows.

In fact, this is the final stage of the construction itself. Next, the following work should be done:

• finishing work inside the extension:
• exterior cladding of the building;
• creating a transition to the house;
• production of windows and doors in the building;
• carrying out all necessary communications.

It is important to treat all wooden structures with special solutions that prevent rotting and the harmful effects of temperature changes.

Timber extension

The fundamental stages of constructing an extension (pouring the foundation, constructing walls and installing the roof, followed by insulation and finishing work) do not depend on the choice of a specific construction material. However, depending on it, their own technologies are selected, which differ markedly from each other.

Construction of the foundation

In the case of an extension made of timber (profiled or round), the differences begin already at the stage of laying the foundation. Since the weight of the future extension will be significantly greater than the weight of the frame analogue, accordingly, the base needs to be more reliable.

Often a tiled foundation or a pile foundation is used, less often a strip foundation (for small extensions it is quite suitable). In any case, it must be established for at least 1 year.

From the point of view of simplicity and cost reduction of work, the best option would be to create pile foundation, which can be built independently of the main foundation of the house.

Video - basic technology for installing a pile foundation

Walling

Building walls is quite simple from a technological point of view. The only drawback of the beam is that it is quite heavy, and at least two people need to work with it.

The fastening materials used are:

metal staples and plates;

• brackets;
• steel corners;
• self-tapping screws, screws, nails.

Technology for laying round timber when building an extension to a house:

Other works

The technology of wall construction, insulation and finishing is not fundamentally different from that described earlier.

In the case of building a structure from timber, two-story structures can be easily made. Of course, in this case, special requirements are placed on the foundation and floors.

Brick extension

Brick extensions to a wooden house are built less frequently. They are great for living, they can also be used as a utility room.

Most often used in such cases monolithic foundation. Wherein brick construction can serve as the basis for the construction of a second similar floor or attic. Installation of floor and roof technology is not fundamentally different from those discussed above.

Cinder block extension

And another cheaper one quick option construction of an extension to a wooden or other house - from cinder blocks (foam blocks, gas blocks are also used). Such a room can serve as an additional room, but is most often used for household purposes.

The construction of a cinder block structure occurs very quickly due to its large size building material. This option is great if the owners want to make a garage for a car or an ordinary canopy or veranda.

And finally - short video overview of the main stages of constructing a frame extension to a wooden house.

If you wish, you can build a veranda for your dacha yourself without the involvement of professional builders. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic principles of construction and prepare the necessary materials. Some owners of country houses create a veranda not only for relaxation, but also to increase thermal insulation.

Planning

To build a secure veranda, you need to think about several important factors:

• the amount of money you are willing to spend,
• will the veranda be summer or winter,
• what design of the extension is suitable for a particular house,
• What is the best material to build a veranda from?

Even if you have decided exactly what you want to see as a result and have drawn up a plan, it is better to coordinate it with a professional designer who can point out mistakes made. It is also worth thinking about which side of the house it is best to attach an extra room and whether it will be a passage room or not.

Features of wooden extensions

After looking at the photo summer verandas in the country, many owners of country houses choose wood, since it is a traditional material and has a lower cost. To evaluate this material, it is worth considering its advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of a wooden veranda:

1. Ease of installation. When constructing a wooden extension, even a non-professional builder can handle the work.
2. Light weight. A wooden extension does not require construction solid foundation, therefore, material costs are significantly reduced.
3. Suitable appearance for many country houses. Most often, cottages are built from wood, and if you create an extension, then the best option a structure made of the same material is suitable.
4. Environmental friendliness and safety. Wood is one of the most harmless materials to health.

But in addition to the listed advantages, the material also has disadvantages. One of them is fire hazard. If the owner of the house is going to build a barbecue, then for this it is necessary to take into account many little things and spend additional funds.

Important ! All wooden elements require treatment with special compounds and constant care during operation. Otherwise, the extension begins to slowly collapse.

The material becomes unusable due to the influence of:

• weather conditions,
• fungi,
• insects,
• microorganisms.

Features of brick extensions

One of the significant advantages of a brick veranda is that this material allows you to retain cool air in the summer, which allows the owners of the house to enjoy relaxation even on the hottest days. Also, the extension does not require constant maintenance. After committing finishing works You can forget about working with this material for a long time.

If you thoroughly insulate this part of the house, then brick walls can save comfortable temperature indoors even on the coldest days. But it is worth remembering that for a winter veranda it is necessary to install double glazing.

If we talk about the disadvantages that a brick structure has, then it is worth mentioning the large weight of the structure. Because of this, it is necessary to build a solid and heavy foundation, requiring considerable investment.

Construction of an extension made of polycarbonate

Polycarbonate is not used as often as brick and wood, but is a material that allows you to create an inexpensive and lightweight extension to a country house. It has the following advantages:

• transparency,
• good thermal insulation,
• plastic,
• attractive appearance.

Thanks to these characteristics the material is suitable even for a winter veranda that will serve winter garden. But polycarbonate also has disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages is the rapid heating of the material, making it very difficult to be on the veranda on hot summer days without good ventilation.

Foundation

When building a veranda at the dacha, a photo of which can be seen below, a strip foundation is used. But when choosing a base for an extension, it is necessary to take into account the features of the future building and choose the most suitable option. When constructing a wooden veranda, for example, you can build a columnar foundation.

The choice depends on:

• the material from which the veranda will be made;
• type of foundation of the main building;
• soil slope;
• type of soil.

Many people are interested in the question: is it necessary to tie the base of the veranda to the foundation of the house? It depends on what kind of soil the building is located on. After looking at the photo country houses with an attic and a veranda, you will notice that the extension can be built either together with the main structure or separately.

Most often, a columnar foundation is constructed, so it is worth considering in more detail. This option is suitable for building wooden verandas, the weight of which does not require a heavy base. To create a foundation, it is necessary to use brick or reinforced concrete pillars, which are placed on a sand bed. They are placed on top of them wooden joists, and then the floor is laid. IN winter verandas it is insulated.

When building such an extension from wood, you need to remember that this material needs a special coating that will protect it from moisture and other adverse factors.

Veranda walls

During construction wooden structure It is worth paying attention to the construction of walls. Usually a wooden frame is created from timber, which, if desired, can be sheathed and insulated so that the veranda can be used in winter time. All racks and other elements made of wood require treatment with special protective compounds. To attach them to the wall of the main building, you need to use anchor bolts. After installing the racks, they are fastened with the top trim.

Important ! When attaching the rafters, their upper ends must be brought under the roof of the house and connected to a horizontal beam passing under the slope.

The choice of a certain type of wall depends only on the preferences of the home owner. If construction is planned summer version verandas, then you don’t have to build them at all, building only railings. If you want to get a room that is comfortable even in winter, you should make good insulation or install large double glazing instead of walls, so that guests can observe a beautiful winter landscape.

Roof construction

The roof of the veranda is made flat and to cover it it is best to use the same material that was used in the construction of the house. The flooring can be created continuous or with intervals. It depends on the type of veranda. If it is winter, then the boards are placed closely, and if not, at intervals. But it is worth remembering that this also depends on the type of material used. An example is roofing felt, which is best nailed to tightly fitting boards.

Before using any coating, you should first understand the features of its fastening. If, for example, a flexible covering is used, then it should be bent along the lower edge of the sheathing by about 10 cm. When slate is used, when laying it, you must follow correct sequence preventing moisture penetration.

Arrangement of the veranda

After the structure is completely ready, you need to start decorating it. It is at this moment that many owners of country houses cannot decide what exactly they want. To get an idea of ​​what design will be better, you should look at the photo, which shows how to arrange a veranda in the country.

The most popular options:

• with glass roof,
• use of natural stone and wood in the design,
• design in light colors,
• arrangement of a place for reading.

The first option is suitable for small rooms, as it helps to visually expand the space and add light. When arranging such a veranda, a variety of furniture can be used, since it all depends on the material from which the frame is made. If, for example, it is metal, then the extension can be decorated in a “minimalism” style.

The use of natural stone in combination with wood allows you to create an impression of harmony between the structure and surrounding the house nature. Moreover, this combination allows you to visually make any structure strong and massive. One of the best options is to place a fireplace or barbecue on the veranda.

Another way to decorate an extension is to decorate it in light colors. This allows all visitors to the room to lift their spirits and visually expand the space. This design allows you to create classic design and give it a unique touch. After looking at the photo of this option for arranging a veranda at the dacha, you can choose the most suitable example.