≡× MENU

• Interior
• Window
• Walls
• Projects
• The buildings

Fachwerk - technology for constructing country houses: features, pros and cons, design methods and construction prices. How to decorate a house in half-timbered style? How to build a half-timbered house

Travelers, without going into details, dubbed the ancient houses with protruding supports “gingerbread houses.” In fact, these buildings are built in the half-timbered style, which has an interesting and long history. It began in the 13th century. The first buildings appeared in Bavaria, over time the fashion captured the whole of Germany and flowed to Europe.

With the gradual development of technologies and materials, new opportunities began to open up. frame construction. And the advent of double-glazed windows with increased thermal insulation made it possible to equip buildings with transparent walls located not only in the middle zone, but also in the north.

Half-timbered houses

So, half-timbered houses - what is it? The German word "fachwerk" literally translates as "framework". A half-timbered building is a spatial structure made of interconnected vertical posts, horizontal beams and inclined braces made of pine needles or oak. The areas between the elements were filled with various building materials: brick, a composition of straw and clay, reinforced mesh made of willow or natural stone.

In the Middle Ages, when building a half-timbered house, they did not particularly care about covering the wooden frame, rather for economic reasons. But it was precisely this feature that gave the external and internal appearance of the building individuality and charm. In a short time it became clear that German technology was accessible and fast, since the construction of a half-timbered house took about a month.

The new style was also appreciated by wealthy Germans, since the exterior of the house was attractive, and the wooden frame gave the building lightness and solidity. At the beginning of the 16th century, two-story residential buildings with leveled and whitewashed walls. During use, the wood darkened, creating a contrast against the snow-white background. This is how the German half-timbered building arose.

Gradual technology changes

In Europe, they also learned what it is - half-timbered houses, and quickly appreciated all the advantages of the Bavarian technology:

• unusual appearance;
• the use of cheap and accessible materials;
• short construction period;
• construction on your own;
• simple house foundation;
• warm walls that maintain optimal temperature conditions inside the home.

When the technology reached the north, the distances between the beams began to be filled with stone, and clay was applied on top of it. For insulation, the frame was covered with wood. Gradually, each nation made its own amendments, depending on the available building materials and weather conditions.

Architectural changes

Over time, the wooden frame began to be covered with stain and paint. This way we managed to make it more visible against a white background, and also protect it from destruction.

The architects also made changes to traditional style half-timbered, combining it with Art Nouveau, and began to use modern materials:

• Glass was added to the wood. It has become possible to glaze half-timbered houses, that is, insert glass between the beams.
• Appeared metal beams. With their help, it was possible to open up the interior space, remove partitions and unnecessary supports.

Features of frame construction in half-timbered style

So what is it - half-timbered houses? You already know the answer to this question. It's time to understand the features of this technology:

• Light and warm frame houses. This includes structures with an open frame and panel models, when insulation is laid in the spaces between the supports and sheathing is done on both sides. Such houses can be built on any soil, including flooded ones. For reliability, it is enough to pour a support-column or light pile foundation. Filling the strip base is possible only in areas with deep freezing of the ground.
• For modern houses it is necessary to draw up a project and carry out complex calculations. All this requires large expenses. But costs can be significantly reduced if you resort to standard design. In this case, to give the façade of the house originality, you will need to use your imagination or invite a designer. Examples of half-timbered houses (photos) can be seen below.
• The main components of a half-timbered structure are the strappings in the lower part along the perimeter and at the connection of each level. Any layout of the house can be easily changed by rearranging the partition to suit your taste, and hiding cables and pipes in the walls.

Features of the half-timbered architectural style

Designs in the German half-timbered style are very diverse. Modern projects use different materials, but the style adheres to all the nuances that were outlined back in the 16th century:

• frame made of wood and painted brown or brown;
• sections intersect diagonally with slats and form various shapes from triangles;
• rectangular shape of the building;
• gable roof with attic;
• railings on balconies, made of the same beams as the frame (most often they are made to protect the space above the entrance and windows, imitating a canopy);
• the perimeter of the second floor is larger than the first and overhangs it, protecting the wall from raindrops;
• the walls of the house can be made of brick or plastered (in modern projects, half-timbered houses are often glazed, especially on the ground floor, in the living room area).

New technologies in half-timbered style

This style can be called the basis of all frame house construction. The technology for constructing half-timbered houses is made of supports, transverse beams and slopes, like everything modern frame construction. The only thing that has changed over time is the thickness of the beams (they have become much thinner).

In a modern half-timbered house it is difficult to recognize ancient European facades, since they have become much more perfect and have received what they so lacked in the Middle Ages. It's primarily about protection and functionality. Now all structures are sheathed with sheet material and provided with external protection by using technological finishing(siding, PVC panels, etc.).

Everyone only benefited from these changes - continuous cladding gave the building strength, reliability and rigidity, that is, now there is no need to install powerful beams and racks. Exterior finishing completely protects the house from weather influences, such as freezing, fading in the sun and weathering, thereby extending the life of the material.

Glazing

Today, facades with distinctive half-timbered (frame) elements are no more than a stylistic solution for the house. Of course, no one has been making clay walls for a long time. Now sinuses are filled with ecological or mineral wool, and not so long ago it became fashionable to use straw filler.

One of the common solutions is frameless glazing of half-timbered houses. The technology involves the formation of a glass facade, without noticeable components of the supporting frame. From the outside, only translucent panels and sealant strips are visible. Frameless glazing half-timbered houses create the illusion of lightness of the entire structure.

How to build a one-story half-timbered house with your own hands?

Before you start drawing up a plan, you need to think about all the stages of work:

• preparatory impregnation of lumber;
• installation of the frame;
• “stuffing” the frame box with thermal insulation elements;
• roof installation;
• external and internal finishing.

You already know what it is - half-timbered houses. Now let's find out how to build such a structure yourself. It is not so difficult to erect a structure in the half-timbered style. It’s just that professionals will need half as much time - two weeks.

Step-by-step instruction

By purchasing a finished project, the customer receives all the components and details of the house in numbered packages. The elements are connected using special pre-prepared seams. The whole process is reminiscent of assembling a construction set from wood, only later you will get the perfect house. The stages of work are not very different from a conventional frame structure, but there are some features:

• Pouring a lightweight foundation. Since the technology of half-timbered houses does not imply the use of heavy materials, a shallow strip base is quite sufficient.
• Covering the trim with waterproofing. Must be laid on top of the base waterproofing layer. Ideally, this should be roofing material laid on bitumen lubricant.
• Fastening the strapping beam with metal anchors. This is very important to do before building the frame.
• Connecting vertical and horizontal elements using braces.
• Installation of internal partitions made of timber small size. They are attached to the floor with frame dowels.
• The connection at the top of the frame frame with the rafter system.
• Fastening wall panels. The installation is carried out in such a way that the structural elements remain visible, that is, they fill the frame from the inside.
• Installation of internal partitions.
• Installation of utilities.
• Roof installation.
• Finishing a half-timbered house (photo examples can be seen below).

Finishing in half-timbered style

Not everyone has the opportunity to build a house using precise technologies. But even the simplest frame structure will look like a “gingerbread house” if done correctly.

To perform exterior decoration in half-timbered style you need:

• The use of board material, for example, DSP, is a practical and durable product that has long term operation. This material is also convenient because you don’t have to worry about sawing, since the tiles can be easily cut with a grinder and attached to the walls with ordinary screws.
• Plastering walls. This is not an easy job, but it must be done to increase the heat-saving properties of the house - a thick layer of plaster perfectly protects against wind and freezing.
• When constructing half-timbered structures in harsh winter conditions, it is recommended to replace double-glazed windows with other materials. For example, you can use a decorative polyurethane panel and timber with a section of 150*150. The result is a perfect imitation of the half-timbered style. No one will even guess that the technology is broken. The panels are attached to the facade with liquid nails or construction adhesive.

As you can see, making a “gingerbread house” out of a standard structure is not at all difficult. Another advantage of imitation is that the structure can be erected from brick, stone, sip-panel or blocks, and the exterior finishing can be done in half-timbered style.

Conclusion

To summarize, we can say with complete confidence that building a house using German technology is no more difficult than any other. Anyone who intends to build their own home or summer house can make the dream of many come true - living in a house that at least outwardly looks like a European one. In any case, a half-timbered house will absolutely stand out from others with its originality.

Frame-panel buildings and structures belong to group II of housing capital. First of all, it includes half-timbered houses.

As an independent style of house construction, half-timbered houses originated in Germany in the 15th century. The word "half-timbered" is translated from German as a panel (panel) structure (Fach - panel, Werk - structure). Half-timbered structures were used for construction in a wide variety of areas. Houses, warehouses, hospitals, town halls and even small churches were built on wooden frames. Wooden structures perform both frame and decorative functions. Today, half-timbered houses in the West are returning to modern life due to large area glazing.

Half-timbered houses in the center of Europe gave the medieval city its originality, but were quite harsh in terms of everyday comfort. Due to the fact that the enclosing structures of these structures had high thermal conductivity (in most cases their thickness did not exceed 14-16 cm), the installation of living quarters for servants in large unheated attics reduced heat loss through the coating. With numerous design flaws, considered cold even for the mild winters of Holland, these houses, however, became an integral element of the local flavor. In addition, frame housing made it possible to solve the most acute housing problem in a short time with minimal investment. However, even well-preserved buildings in the historical zones of Western European cities have numerous destructions and cracks along the southern facades, since this is where the consequences of uneven overheating first appear.

The reconstruction of old half-timbered buildings abroad is accompanied by the restoration of reprints of the early 18th and 19th centuries on the construction of half-timbered houses, starting with the study of the most important components from the point of view of reconstruction. The richest material, even in terms of local history, was collected in Leipzig and other cities that suffered during the war.

Solutions for curtain rod assemblies still cause many difficulties. In spring, in our cities everywhere you can see wet walls in the under-eaves with numerous cracks from the corners of the building. Classic cornice solutions always remain relevant.

The enclosing structures of a half-timbered house are dual system intersecting wooden beams, the space between them was filled with roughly burnt clay blocks, many of which were poorly preserved at the time of reconstruction. If local materials were available, sandstone, etc. was used instead of clay fragments. materials that do not have sufficient durability. Fragments wooden sheathing in many places they rotted, collapsed and required replacement.

A half-timbered structure consists of a wooden frame and filler - clay or bricks, which fill the gaps between the beams. The structural elements in it also perform a decorative function. Timber beams visible from the outside give the viewer a clear idea of ​​the structure of the building, so standard elements of classical architecture such as cornices, friezes or pilasters are no longer necessary.

But timber half-timbered buildings had a serious drawback: vulnerability to fire (although oak wood is relatively resistant to high temperatures). In addition, wood in contact with the filler was subject to increased rotting and biological damage.

City authorities often took fire precautions by banning thatched roofs or erecting thick stone firewalls (as in Osnabrück, for example).

In cities, the replacement of wooden facades with stone ones was encouraged, as in Nuremberg. This process apparently began earlier than many researchers assume. For example, house 12 on Ober Krämergasse in Nuremberg acquired a stone façade no later than 1398. However, this had almost no effect on the appearance of the building, with the exception of the configuration of the windows.

Initially they were grouped in threes, and the middle window in each trio was located slightly higher than the side ones (this arrangement of windows was common throughout Upper Germany and Switzerland). The neighboring buildings with a wooden frame on stone plinths (houses 16 and 18 Unter Kremergasse) date back to a later period, 1452 - 1560.

The materials used for the construction of the building were not always determined by the prosperity of the city dweller-customer. The quality of some half-timbered buildings, commissioned by powerful guilds or wealthy patricians, was exceptionally high. A typical guild building from around 1480, the Brotherhood of Michael guild stands on the market square of the wooden town of Fritzlar. It is clearly distinguished from neighboring residential buildings by a hall located on the ground floor, into which two arcades with pointed arches lead, and a bay window spanning three floors - from the second to the fourth. At roof level, this bay window transforms into an octagonal tower with a spire. Such a narrow building is the result of legislative restrictions related to city planning: small plots were allocated for houses with facades facing the street. The design of this guild building dates back to the Franconian tradition of wooden architecture, common in Central and Western Germany.

In Ehingen (Swabia), the new building of the Hospital of the Holy Spirit, built in the characteristic Alemannic tradition of half-timbering, which prevailed in all southwestern German states, has survived to this day. Her distinctive features, in particular, are small windows squeezed into narrow spaces between jumpers, and large distances between frame posts. These posts, together with the struts, form various geometric figures, which were given anthropomorphic names. On the first floor of this hospital there was an almshouse, on the second and third floors there were rooms for the so-called “scientists” and servants. The kitchen was originally also located on the third floor.

The house on Knochenhauerstrasse in Braunschweig can serve as an example of the half-timbered structure typical of Lower Saxony (although this type of timber construction is also found throughout Northern Germany). True, only fragments have survived from the ancient building, but they clearly demonstrate the characteristic features of this type: all the beams are located at right angles to each other, the upper floors protrude far forward, the frame posts are separated by narrow intervals, and, finally, rows of closely placed The other windows form a so-called “lantern”. The window sills, decorated with carvings, a screw frieze, inscriptions and typical late Gothic ornaments, anticipate the lavish decorative carvings of the 16th century.

In 1480, the Junker-Hansen Tower was erected in Neustadt near Marburg - a round fortified building of mixed construction, in which stone was combined with a wooden frame. This tower served to protect the castle and a small village. Architecturally, it is a cross between a castle donjon and a fortress wall bastion.

In Germany, for more than ten years, there have been special excursions - “Fachirwork Street”.

Half-timbered houses are also found in France, Great Britain, Austria, Belgium, Holland, and Scandinavian countries, but Germany is especially famous for them.

In modern Germany there are about two million half-timbered buildings. But, of course, the excursion route does not cover them all. The first part of the German “half-timbered street” was laid from Weserbergland to Vogelsberg back in 1990. And now “Fachwerk Street” covers more than 2.6 thousand kilometers and passes through more than 100 cities in different federal states.

Today there are nine routes along roads and towns, which are monuments to the seven hundred and even thousand-year history of the country (construction using this technology began a very long time ago, but its peak was in the 16th century). The oldest surviving half-timbered houses are located, in particular, in Esslingen. The buildings of this city are about 750 years old. The oldest houses in Limburg an der Lahn were built in 1289 (however, there are older buildings of this type in Germany).

A “half-timbered house” is a house built according to a certain model: a rigid supporting frame of posts (vertical elements), beams (horizontal elements) and braces (diagonal elements), on which the roof rested. Beams were most often made from durable and strong oak. The upper floors were sometimes built from pine or spruce. It’s amazing, but even today, several centuries later, you can sometimes notice Roman numerals on the beams - with them, even on the ground, before assembling the frame, the builders marked the place of each beam in the overall structure.

In order to save money, only plinths were built from stone. More prosperous people allowed themselves to build the entire first floor of stone in two or three-story houses.

The builders filled the space between the frame elements with reeds, branches, chips, straw and various construction debris mixed with clay (and in England they also added sheep wool). Thus, wood was saved during construction,
and besides, the filled “cracks” allowed the house to breathe - it was neither particularly hot in summer nor cold in winter. Later they began to fill the space with bricks, and often they also laid it out with beautiful ornaments.

The resulting panels were plastered, and the frame itself was usually left in sight. Half-timbered buildings still catch the eye today with their clearly separated dark and white elements. Rich townspeople filled the inter-frame space with carved wooden panels. These architectural delights became especially popular at the end of the 16th century. early XVII century.

Half-timbered buildings have their own terminology, used for centuries. Basically, it indicates the peculiarities of the location of beams in buildings. Thus, the form of crossing, similar to the Latin letter “x”, is called “St. Andrew’s Cross” (after the name of the Apostle Andrew, crucified on such a cross). Based on the “St. Andrew’s Cross,” a richer ornamental motif appeared, similar to the Russian letter “zh.” It became a symbol of fire and at the same time protection from fire. The other form is called "Man", or "Wild Man". In it, the lateral obliquely located sections of beams intersect at a third or in the middle of the height of the load-bearing vertical beam. A design in which the oblique sections of the beams do not intersect is called the “Swabian woman”.

On corner beams On the walls you can often see ornamental curls similar to the letter S. They served as amulets against lightning. Frightening masks in the corners of houses are also “security”. Rosettes were symbols of the sun and were believed to bring fertility and abundance.

Half-timbered houses in Europe are distinguished both by style and by national characteristics. For example, British and French half-timbers have a distinctly vertically striped appearance, while German ones have several variations, but with one common tendency towards original ornamentation on the facade.

Half-timbered buildings were influenced by fashionable architectural trends: Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance. The facades of half-timbered buildings built during the Renaissance period are decorated with decorative elements typical of that style: rosettes, shells, acanthus leaves, wreaths, garlands, vases of flowers, mascarons, etc.

From the Baroque, half-timbered structures have allegorical figures and high pediments with powerful curls at the edges. Often, on the corner of the building or on the console supporting the bay window, figures of burghers or characters from Sacred History appeared.

Dates, coats of arms and entire boards with inscriptions located on the facades became a special part of the decor. They indicated who owned the house, what craft workshop the homeowner belonged to, or what he did professionally. And sometimes they wrote something additional on the façade: wishes for well-being, various moralizing sayings. Actually, this is the prototype of our current house numbering.

Half-timbered buildings began to go out of fashion in the mid-18th century. Wealthier townspeople wanted to use modern utilities, but they did not go well with the half-timbered structure. And only in the 20th century, nostalgia for the old days forced engineers to come up with ways to combine modern and ancient construction: this is how reconstructed half-timbered buildings appeared in many towns, and even in large Frankfurt. The outer walls were left in them, and the “filling” was completely replaced with modern ones.

The construction of frame houses is the main direction in construction today. The foundation of a frame structure is most often made using the columnar-ribbon type. A wooden frame is installed on the foundation, which is assembled according to the honeycomb principle in increments of 5-6 centimeters. The frame is made of timber made from coniferous wood, dried to 15% moisture content.

The wood is pre-treated with impregnations against insect damage, rotting, fire, as well as antiseptics. After installing the supporting structure, it is sheathed on the outside with a moisture-resistant slab, and the inside of the wall is filled with various fire-resistant insulation materials. To prevent wind and moisture from destroying your frame, it is sheathed on both sides with a vapor-permeable membrane, i.e. a frame house is a “breathing” house.

Inside, after installing the membrane, the frame is sheathed with plasterboard. After this, networks and communications are laid out, also covered with plasterboard. The result is a wall 20 cm thick, with all communications hidden in the walls.

Plus frame house is that finishing of the living space can be done immediately after construction work. That is, from the idea of ​​creating a house to moving in, no more than 3-4 months will pass.

It is believed that these houses are very economical due to thinner walls compared to houses made of logs or timber. If, in accordance with the climatic conditions of Russia, the external walls of a log house must be at least 20 cm, then for a frame house 15 cm is quite enough. However, it should be remembered that the durability of a wooden house is 50 years, and that of a frame-panel house is 30.

Thanks to the effective combination of wood, insulation and insulating materials, it is possible to build a frame house suitable for almost any climate zone. It is the versatility of this technology, the ability to develop a project for each individual order and made the construction of frame houses so attractive today.

Due to their low durability, reconstruction of half-timbered houses continues today. But now they are approaching it more boldly, which allows for vast accumulated experience.

The old roof, covered with polyethylene, is rebuilt as an additional floor, and an attic floor is built above it, precisely following the contours old roof. And, although there is practically no structural timber left in Europe, all work is carried out using wooden load-bearing structures, since their low weight does not add additional load to the existing foundation.

In Western Europe, when, during the reconstruction of historical half-timbered buildings, the external appearance of the structure is completely preserved, the load-bearing structures and thermal sanitation of the structure are carried out only from the inside of the building, due to the reduction of the internal usable area.

After the refurbishment of the wooden half-timbered structures, a thick wall was erected inside the building. 24 cm, most often from porous hollow bricks in such a way that there is a gap between it and the half-timbered wall 12 cm: 8 cm- for laying thermal insulation material, and 4 cm– for ventilation of half-timbered walls.

As a result of the measures taken, the thickness of the external walls, as a rule, increases to 56 cm, which reduces living space. In this case, the question arises about populating the attics. To do this, it is necessary to replace wooden floor beams that are not designed for the increased constant load, which by that time in many structures have completely exhausted their service life. In addition, during the reconstruction of half-timbered houses, modern bathrooms are installed, including in the attic floors.

When solving the problems that arose, European builders followed the most difficult path for themselves, completing projects and carrying out all work in the most gentle manner for ancient buildings. The inner wall is made of half-timbered walls, with exact adherence to the ligation system that the outer walls had, so replacing floor beams does not cause difficulties, since the new beams rest on the half-timbered inner wall, which had a higher load-bearing capacity.

The need to preserve the ancient appearance also complicates the exterior decoration. The outside of the house is plastered in three layers, each layer having to dry completely before the next one is applied. The amount of cement binder decreases from the inner layer to the outer one. Mineral is applied on top facade paint. Seams on the refurbished wooden half-timbering not only carefully preserved, but also buried, and the preserved details of the external clay walls remain in their original form.

Since the main heat loss in a building occurs through windows, window openings there were few in such structures; they were made small, since they were fit between the half-timbered beams.

Therefore, the interior spaces were not insufficiently insulated. When constructing new window openings during reconstruction, we tried not to interfere with the existing half-timbered system. Towards the attic, the step of the half-timbered frames at the ends of the structure was further reduced; the installation of windows could completely change the architectural appearance of the structure. At the end of the 40s of the twentieth century, the first models of Swedish-made inclined roof windows appeared. When reconstructing historical buildings, they were given preference, first of all, because they practically did not change the existing appearance of the building merging with pitched roof. And only during the period of operation it was found out that skylights transmit 40% more light than conventional ones.

Reconstruction of half-timbered houses of 49 and the end of the 80s of the outgoing century. The first dormer windows were made blind, without the possibility of opening

After the reconstruction and renovation of the housing stock of historical buildings, the attitude towards attics has changed. With the installation of plumbing, an elevator, and electrical wiring, the attics acquired the status of elite housing. Modern communications have not only made the attic floor equal to any other, but even made it more preferable in terms of comfort.

The construction of houses using this technology involves the construction of a monolithic foundation, with a pre-calculated depth, depending on the existing climatic conditions.

Next, walls are constructed, for example, from laminated veneer lumber, which should be coated with antiseptic agents, and then, after building the frame itself, with varnish that protects against environmental influences.

Mainly used as a building material conifers. Half-timbered houses have a load-bearing rigid frame made of vertically placed posts, beams placed horizontally and diagonally located braces, which constitute the peculiarity of the entire structure.

The empty space located between the walls of such houses should be filled with various building materials, and the building will receive rigidity thanks to the same braces. Fastening the structural parts will increase the strength level of the frame.

Any plot of land can be selected for the construction of a house using half-timbered technology. When constructing a half-timbered building, it becomes possible to turn absolutely any architectural plans and fantasies into reality.

Half-timbered houses are a kind of symbol of the Middle Ages, which found their rebirth in the 20th century. Their architecture invariably amazes with its unique image, efficiency and thoughtfulness. design diagram. Feature facades - not hidden behind the cladding, but, on the contrary, a wooden frame exposed. Such ancient streets are very romantic, and modern buildings are a reflection of an elite lifestyle, the desire for freedom and originality.

The current trend in luxury housing today is a combination openwork wooden elements And large glass surfaces:

History of half-timbered construction

Thousands of years ago, ancient architects noticed that the most effective and economical use of wood is to use it not for the construction of solid walls, but for the construction spatial frame made of vertical, horizontal and inclined elements, which will serve as a support for the roof. This scheme has gained particular popularity in areas characterized by a shortage of wood. It was known in ancient times to the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, and Chinese. In particular, most of the population of Pakistan and India currently lives in similar houses.

Interesting! The oldest timber frame building that has survived to this day is a temple in Japan, built from cedar more than 1,300 years ago.

Half-timbered buildings in European countries

The improvement of carpentry skills, the accumulation of construction experience, and the desire for cheap housing led in the 15th century to the emergence of half-timbered building construction technology in Germany. Such houses have become widespread throughout Europe, in particular in its northern regions, from Poland to Brittany. The name of the design scheme fully reflects its essence and comes from the German “Fach” (panel) and “Werk” (structure).

Medieval buildings on Römberg square in Frankfurt am Main, Germany:

In Europe in the Middle Ages, structures were made of solid wood, and the free space of the wall planes was filled with a mixture of clay with straw, branches and other debris. The combination of posts, beams and braces, left in their original form, and plastered surfaces gave the narrow facades a special uniqueness. Wealthy citizens could afford to use expensive wooden panels decorated with carvings. At the moment, such houses are preserved, the age of which exceeds 500 years.

Since 1995, the historical part of the German city of Quedlinburg, where more than 1,300 objects of colorful architecture have been preserved, has been protected by UNESCO:

Interesting! A characteristic feature of old buildings is the overhang of the upper floors over the lower ones. This is due to the abundance of precipitation and strong winds in Germany, as well as the narrowness of the streets at the birth of half-timbered buildings. As a result, the upper floors protect the lower tiers from getting wet, thereby extending the life of the buildings.

Revival of the popularity of half-timbered wood

Traditional half-timbered structures made from modern materials look no less impressive than medieval ones.

The era of mass individual construction in the 1970s gave a new birth to technology, but in a rethought, futuristic form, in which the famous German Bauhaus school played a significant role. At this time, architects began to use reinforced concrete and steel instead of wood. Large glass planes have gained popularity, replacing blank walls. The invention of laminated wood several decades later made it possible to implement ancient construction technology in a new way. This material is more durable and advanced compared to traditional timber. At the moment, such houses in their updated form are very prestigious and popular in Sweden, Switzerland, Germany and many other countries, with the USA and Canada being no exception.

Thanks to the development of technology and changing architectural tastes, the style has now acquired new variations:

• frame without diagonal elements;
• large panoramic windows, providing excellent lighting and having good thermal insulation qualities;
• imitation of half-timbering, performed using overhead wooden elements attached to pre-plastered walls - this option is purely decorative.

Advice! Cottage owners recommend installing panoramic glazing on facades facing the courtyard and garden, or in cases where the building is significantly recessed relative to the street - this way you will get a magnificent view outside the window, a feeling of unity with nature and good lighting. Otherwise, there may be some discomfort caused by the need to constantly keep the curtains down to protect yourself from prying eyes.

The Kager house has picture windows and offers beautiful views of the surrounding area.

Features of the design of the house

The main characteristic of a half-timbered structure is that the frame performs load-bearing functions, while the walls serve solely to enclose the premises. The use of frame-frame technology allows you to simultaneously save building materials and reduce the weight of the building, which makes it possible to build a lightweight structure, ensure the stability and rigidity of the structure, and minimize construction time.

Frame design

The load-bearing elements of the walls and roof are made of, mainly pine. Racks and horizontal purlins form the frame of the walls. Diagonal braces ensure frame rigidity and earthquake resistance of the structure. timber bottom trim is attached to the foundation, covered with a layer of waterproofing, using anchor bolts. The floor side is insulated with polystyrene foam.

Internal partitions have a frame structure and are made of timber, attached to the load-bearing elements using frame dowels and filled with soundproofing material.

Installation of load-bearing parts is traditionally carried out using rather complex and precise connections - notches, dovetails, hidden tenons and the like. At the moment, it is allowed to use metal corners, plates, and staples in especially critical fastenings. It is advisable to arrange them in places out of sight.

Important! All wooden elements must be impregnated with special oils to increase strength and protect against rot and insects. Treatment with fire retardants significantly reduces the flammability of the material.

External cladding

Filling the frame cells is carried out after installing the window and door blocks. Almost any slab materials are used for this purpose:

• antiseptic pine wood;
• polymer panels are the most common and budget option;
• cement particle boards (CSB);
• lining;
• gypsum fiber boards (GVL);
• waterproof plywood.

A variety of finishing options allows you to create both strict and elegant facades, for which the blanks are pre-painted with moisture-resistant compounds or choose colored cladding. Then the material is attached to the frame of the structure with screws. The house is insulated using mineral wool made from basalt or quartz fiber.

Exterior finishing options:

A currently popular solution is stained glass glazing made from heat-saving low-emission double-glazed windows based on argon fillers. They reduce heat loss and, accordingly, heating costs. Most of the glazing is solid; packages with opening transoms are mounted in separate cells. Windows are inserted directly into the frame with a pre-selected quarter.

Interesting! Since ancient times, the facades of half-timbered houses were decorated with amulets:

• imitation of the letter “S” on the corners - lightning protection;
• rosettes symbolizing the sun attract abundance and prosperity;
• creepy masks on corners ward off evil spirits;
• a symbol resembling “F” protects against fire.

Facade decorated with rosettes

Engineering Communication

Wiring electrical cables and water supply is carried out inside the floor pie. All communications are laid in corrugated hoses. Used for water supply polyethylene pipelines. In houses, especially stained glass type, a practical solution is to install heated floors. Wiring to sockets, switches, and lighting fixtures is carried out inside the partitions. Often a complex forced ventilation system is installed.

Roof structure and covering

The roof of the house is traditionally trussed with two or four slopes, but there are also modern architectural solutions with a flat roof. Characteristic- the absence of an attic and attic, the presence of wide overhangs that protect the walls from precipitation.

Metal tiles, ondulin, various types can be used as roof coverings. soft roof. The use of natural tiles or slate with significant weight is undesirable - they increase the load on the supporting structures. The concept of stained glass glazing can be continued on part of the roof. Modern technologies offer electrochromic translucent fillings for this purpose, providing automatic shading and high coating strength.

At the moment, the roof can have quite bizarre configurations while maintaining the traditional overhang of levels and large overhangs.

Features of interior design

The most common styles of shaping the interior space of a house correspond to its external appearance - these are country, Provence, eco-style, Scandinavian, minimalism, which are characterized by an abundance of light, open layouts, some asceticism and light shades. Less often you can find classics or postmodernism. A high-tech interior with its minimalism and abundance of metal looks ideal.

Advice! When decorating a room, you should not consider frame elements solely as decoration - beams can be used for mounting lighting fixtures, arranging hanging shelves and cabinets, and implementing other original ideas.

Structural elements in the interior:

The minimalist bedroom interior is formed by dark ceiling beams, contrasting with light shades finishes:

Ultra-modern interior in high-tech style, built on contrast:

With a view of the forest:

Living room option with river panorama:

Wood in the interior sets its style:

Pros and cons of half-timbered technology

The buildings please the eye with their neatness and airiness, and from a practical point of view, they are characterized by the convenience of the construction process - it is similar to the assembly of a construction set and is completed in a short time with minimal labor costs. At the same time, the structures are distinguished by their long service life and durability - three-hundred-year-old buildings are still preserved in excellent condition.

The advantages of the houses include:

• the ability to design premises of any size without building internal load-bearing walls;
• aesthetic appeal;
• high speed of construction relative to brick, stone and timber houses;
• environmental friendliness;
• absence of shrinkage and lightness of construction, allowing the use of lightweight foundations;
• ample opportunities for implementing design ideas;
• resistance to deformation and seismic activity;
• possibility of application panoramic glazing due to the fact that there is practically no shrinkage;
• ease of masking utility lines;
• possibility of covering large spans with beams.

The style allows you to implement the most daring architectural ideas, creating spectacular exteriors - light external stairs are perfectly combined on facades with structural elements and a roof of an unusual configuration:

Unfortunately, humanity has not invented perfect style construction, but most of the problems have been solved over several centuries of construction of half-timbered houses. Walls made of adobe were significantly inferior to brick buildings in their ability to retain heat, but at the moment the situation has been changed by the emergence of new innovative insulation materials.

Attention! Most thermal insulation materials need to be replaced approximately every 25-30 years.

The disadvantages of the technology include:

• high construction costs:
• low fire safety, which is typical for all wooden houses;
• the need for regular treatment with special means to protect wood from damage by insects, fungi, and mold.

Impressions of people living in half-timbered houses

From cozy country house The stained glass windows on the first floor offer views of the lawn and the surrounding forest, which makes it possible to feel unity with nature.

Reviews from cottage owners are varied, but they are mostly positive or neutral. The owners emphasize that it is advisable to build them, especially projects involving panoramic glazing, outside the city. Such houses are distinguished by increased comfort, excellent natural light, sound insulation and heat-saving qualities. But when choosing an option with large glazed planes, even in central Russia, heating costs are 30% higher than when operating ordinary buildings.

The reviews specifically emphasize the spaciousness of the rooms and the fact that all communications are hidden in the floor and do not spoil the appearance of the interior. The versatility of the architecture is noted - the interior space can be decorated in any current modern style. The most popular styles at the moment are country, minimalism, and hi-tech.

Some people who want to become the owner of a half-timbered cottage are put off by the high cost of its construction. Then people resort to cunning - they build an imitation of the style, which is much cheaper.

The reviews also note such inconveniences of buildings that are inherent in all wooden houses. This is a need for strict adherence to fire safety and regular treatment of structures to protect them from mold and insects.

Project options

Buildings can be erected according to ready-made drawings or individual projects. The main difficulty in their development is the required maximum detail of all structural elements. For example, if 1000 of them are needed for construction, then each of them must be separately calculated and drawn. The same applies to all nodes, connections, and so on.

The house project “Davinci-haus” with an area of ​​579 m2 on a slope and river bank from Leadwood House LLC is distinguished by its originality and harmoniously fits into the surrounding landscape:

Building interior:

Pool interior overlooking the river:

Layout of the lower tier with pool, bar and gym:

Second tier with a spacious living room:

Upper tier:

“Copenhagen” with an area of ​​381 m2 with panoramic glazing from the company “freeDomHaus” in the Liikola Club village, located in the Leningrad region:

1st floor plan with office and SPA area:

2nd floor plan with 4 bedrooms and spacious dressing room:
Project “Accord 162” with an area of ​​241 m2, developed by the Finnish company “Lumi Polar”:

1st level with two terraces, a veranda and a flowing space of the common area:

2nd level with second light living room and internal balcony:

A mansion with an area of ​​224 m2 with partial panoramic filling of the planes with double-glazed windows from the ASPDOM studio:

Level 1 Plan:

Four bedroom attic floor plan:

Project of the company “Good Wood” with an area of ​​184 m2

Layout of the 1st floor:

Layout attic floor:

Option for an unusual cottage with an area of ​​244 m2 with a flat roof from the Fachwerk studio:

Living room - wooden beams create coziness in the room:

1st floor plan with spacious terraces and free connection of zones:

Plan of the 2nd floor with a second light living room and gallery:

The Euro-House project with an area of ​​259.47 m2 is the development of the Drevgrad studio. Dark wood and panoramic glazing blend harmoniously into the forest landscape:

1st floor layout with garage, two terraces, common area and office:

Layout of the 2nd floor with two bedrooms and a second light above the living room:

One-story cottage from the company "Modern Wooden Houses" - painted in White color wood is combined with large glass planes:

Plan of a cottage with a free-flowing common area, 4 bedrooms and a sauna:

Mansion “Hannover” with an area of ​​234 m2 from the company “INTEK” with a roof made of cement-sand tiles:

1st floor plan with common area, garage and guest room:

3 bedroom attic floor plan:

Project of a cottage with an area of ​​118 m2 with wall filling ceramic blocks and a tiled roof from the Z500 company:

1st level with common areas, office and terrace:

Attic level with 3 bedrooms:

Modern half-timbered houses

Historically, such houses in different countries differed depending on what was relevant at the time of construction architectural style and according to national characteristics. Currently the most elite option- the presence of panoramic glazing filling the frame. A comfortable indoor microclimate is created through the use of modern technical equipment dwellings. Traditional bricks, concrete blocks, and sandwich panels can also be used to fill the walls.

Fachwerk architecture - non-standard approach:

The originality of “village romance” in a modern version:

Cottage-castle from a childhood fairy tale:

Terraced half-timbered structure - optimal solution for southern regions:

Examples of German half-timbered houses

In modern Germany there are approximately 2 million buildings of this type. There are several styles of German buildings, but their common tendency is the desire for original facade decoration.

Modern application of structures for a bridge in Berlin:

Another interpretation of half-timbering in high-rise architecture in Germany:

Option for preserving historical buildings in Kramerburg:

Half-timbered buildings with stained glass windows

Glazing can reach 60% of area external walls , which today is a sign of luxury construction. This solution “blurs” the boundaries of the house, promoting the unity of people and the surrounding landscape.

Panoramic glazing in a modern variation of a house is, first of all, an opportunity to merge the interior and the surrounding landscape, an opportunity for a person to feel one with the world, without distinguishing yourself from it:

For example, while in the house, stay on the shore:

In the forest it’s also not bad, despite the radical modern approach to architecture:

Notice! Outside, the landscape may also be reflected, but your personal life remains hidden from prying eyes:
And this is an office - a half-timbered structure filled with innovative double-glazed windows:

One-story half-timbered houses

This is the most affordable option for a cottage of this type, despite the use of modern materials and technologies. The height of one floor, without an attic, ensures extreme lightness of the structure, which allows saving on the construction of the foundation and the entire building. The area of ​​such houses, not exceeding 100 m2, makes it easy to place them in small areas and provide comfortable living conditions for a family of 3 people.

Cottage "Kova Fahverk" designed in a traditional style with the addition of a spacious terrace and large windows on the facade illuminating the living room:

Compact house unusual shape with sun protection details ideal for privacy:

The cottage with an area of ​​122 m2 provides comfortable conditions for a family:

An unusual implementation of technology from “wild” logs:

Price and terms of turnkey construction

Due to the specifics of design solutions, the cost of designing and constructing a half-timbered building is significantly higher than that of a conventional frame house. The total amount depends on the complexity of the architectural, structural, engineering parts of the project, and the materials used. Construction of a load-bearing frame for a house costs on average close to $300. The remaining means are filling wall structures, erecting partitions, installing a roof, Finishing work, laying utilities.

Important! The price of building a turnkey cottage per square meter of domestic production is about 500-1000 dollars, imported - 1400-2000 dollars.

The choice of project depends only on your needs, taste preferences and financial capabilities:

The complete construction period, which can be carried out at any time of the year, ranges from 3 to 6 months. When the project is completely ready, manufacturing the frame in production takes up to 2 weeks, and the same amount of time to assemble it on site. The remaining work can be completed in 2 months.

Important points of DIY construction

Fachwerk is one of the most complex frame technologies, so the construction of such a building is best trusted to specialists. Self-construction cottage requires serious skills and experience working with wooden structures, thorough knowledge of calculating the rigidity of spatial patterns. A negative example now exists near St. Petersburg - a large number of half-timbered buildings soon collapsed due to a violation of technology, although in Europe they have stood for centuries.

Not the most technologically difficult option for DIY construction:

Important! If you have certain construction skills, you can still build such a structure yourself - in this case, it is advisable to use a factory-made kit made according to a project, where all the elements are carefully calculated and made in strict accordance with the drawings. As a result installation work reminiscent of assembling a construction set according to instructions.

The manufacturer delivers ready-made wooden structures to the construction site, pre-treated with insect and rot repellents and having grooves for connecting parts. When assembling a house with your own hands, you need to take into account the technological sequence of work:

• the first stage is the construction of a foundation, usually of a lightweight type, up to 0.5 m wide;
• installation of waterproofing and laying of strapping with securing the timber with anchors;
• assembly of a frame made of laminated veneer lumber exactly according to the diagrams provided by the manufacturer;
• construction of internal partitions from timber of a smaller cross-section, securing them to the floor with frame dowels;
• installation of roof rafters;
• installation wall panels in such a way that the frame elements remain outside;
• performing thermal insulation;
• laying utility lines in the floor and frame;
• when using panoramic glazing - installation of heated floor systems;
• roof covering decking;
• external and internal finishing.

Even such a seemingly complex project can be brought to life with your own hands:

Choosing a half-timbered style - great option demonstrating one’s own originality and at the same time a certain commitment to the classics. It is especially relevant now, when people, thanks to modern technologies, are practically independent of climatic conditions. Today, wide opportunities are opening up to replace simply copying a style by introducing new extraordinary elements into it.

The process of assembling a half-timbered house

The video below simulates the dynamics of assembling a half-timbered house, which allows you to understand the essence and features of the construction of the building in a few minutes.

Frame building construction methods have been known for a long time. The construction of buildings using the half-timbered method became most widespread in Northern Europe back in the Middle Ages. The presence of a sufficient amount of natural building material - pine wood - made it possible to quickly erect reliable and warm buildings. In distant Japan, buildings built using half-timbered technology are also known. The buildings date back more than 1000 years ago.

Features of half-timbered technology

Construction using half-timbered technology is very popular among modern lovers of country life. is graceful and harmonious composition

, combining wood, glass and stone. The appearance of such a building is always original and recognizable. The house is distinguished by high performance qualities, is durable, and is quickly erected. These facts are fundamental for many customers when choosing materials and methods for constructing a country house or personal cottage. Construction of a house using the half-timbered method begins in the same way as any other house with laying the foundation. The basis of the future building is a poured reinforced monoblock foundation. The depth and other dimensions are calculated by designers taking into account the quality of the soil, design features

building.

To build a half-timbered house, beams from pine trees are needed. The creation of a load-bearing frame is carried out strictly in accordance with the design documentation, which calculates the load-bearing capacity of the building and possible slopes. With this technology, walls are not load-bearing, but only divide the space into rooms. The material from which the walls are made can be light and inexpensive. The special conditions that are given to the foundation during construction using half-timbered technology are not as stringent as when using other technologies. Due to the fact that the building frame is quite light and stable, it is possible to use a shallow foundation. A half-timbered house has light and rigid walls that are connected to each other with spikes, metal brackets and plates. The lower part of the house frame is attached to the foundation, reliable waterproofing is carried out, and the lower part of the building is covered with polystyrene foam to insulate and prevent dampness. As a result, the building is distinguished by its lightness and elegance of design.

Construction using half-timbered technology allows the use of various materials to fill the cells of the half-timbered structure. The internal walls are filled with special thermal insulation and vapor barrier boards using a thin layer of aluminum. This is done to prevent moisture from entering the room. All walls are puttied, sanded and decorated using any known method of the customer’s choice. To design the interior, it is possible to use any known style applicable in residential construction.

Erection of the frame of a half-timbered building

Construction begins with, in which the amount of consumables, technological stages of work, and construction of the foundation are calculated in detail. Pouring the foundation precedes the start of construction of any house. installed on a reinforced concrete foundation, the depth of which is calculated in each specific case. This fact is influenced by the characteristics of the soil and the depth of its occurrence. groundwater

. How long the house itself will stand depends on how carefully the foundation is laid. Enables the customer to receive an original and unique house in its design. The technology allows the use of axial structures when planning space, architectural projects

half-timbered houses in each specific case can be as unusual as the customer wishes.

Pine timber is used to construct the frame structure of the house. Often this is a specially made timber, prepared and protected from moisture and rotting by various impregnations that protect the wood from weathering. To construct the frame, glued or sanded wooden beams are suitable, which are subsequently coated with a special varnish. Wood is a fairly flexible material for exposure to weather fluctuations, and to maintain a residential atmosphere in a building, it is necessary to use special thermal insulation materials. The frame of a half-timbered house is rigid and lightweight design

• made of timber, stable and reliable. Frame-frame construction will allow you to solve several engineering problems simultaneously: reduce,
• construction time
• create a stable and durable structure.
• ensure the reliability and durability of the building under construction.
• construct a building at the most economical cost.

The frame of the building, including walls, roof, terraces, is connected securely in places not visible to view using wooden spikes and metal brackets. This ensures the safety and stability of the building. Many years of experience in constructing half-timbered houses in northern conditions allows us to create structures that are resistant to hurricane winds, low temperatures, and high humidity.

Decorating a half-timbered house

When the frame frame of the half-timbered house is ready, they begin to fill the cells of the structure. The frame can be faced with a variety of materials, which makes it possible to give an interesting and original appearance to the building. Internal cells are filled special materials, which are sewn on top with antiseptic plywood boards. The use of thermal insulation and waterproof fillers will make your stay comfortable and cozy. The sound insulation provided in the technology will increase the comfort of the home.

Exterior finishing of the walls of the house is carried out after the installation of windows and doors. The possibilities for decorating areas of external walls are very diverse. The installation of wooden panels is suitable here; stone is often used for exterior decoration. In combination with a large number of double-glazed windows, such a house looks solid and beautiful. The half-timbered technology provides a large number of windows, which makes the building light, airy and elegant.

Windows can be either opening for ventilation or blind, display windows. This will fill the interior with light and retain heat. The hermetic silicone seal is complemented by trims with soft felt insulation.

Laying of engineering networks and communications is most often done inside the floor. This includes hot and cold water supply for the kitchen and bathroom, electrical cables for external and internal use for lighting and household needs. Water heated floors are more suitable for heating. Internal water supply and sewerage pipes made of polypropylene are durable, lightweight and economical. Electrical wiring to sockets and switches is laid inside the walls.

Roof for a half-timbered house The roof decorates any home; the use of various options during construction using half-timbered technology makes it possible to create various architectural options. Most often, a gable roof truss structure is installed that does not have an attic space. Wide overhangs protect the house from direct and atmospheric precipitation. Terraces that border the level of the roof overhang create a natural extension of the premises of the house.

It is advisable to install the ceilings of the interior of the house using wooden structures or plasterboards. Variety of decorative materials for interior decoration will create a unique look for your home.

Modernity of the house

Houses built using half-timbered technology are distinguished by their originality and uniqueness of internal and external appearance. Such a house can be built with fairly small financial investments. The affordability of the building makes it possible for many city residents to realize the dream of living in their own country cottage. The simplicity and convenience of the design will ensure comfortable living. The technology of modern cottage villages provides all the necessary amenities for their residents, despite the distance from big cities.

Houses built using beam technology, using wooden building materials such as laminated veneer lumber, are becoming increasingly popular among customers. Big windows on the entire wall allow you not only to admire the landscape, but also to become part of the beautiful natural landscape. Half-timbered houses cope well with various atmospheric loads, such as strong wind, rain and snowfall. Frame technology allows you to create elegant buildings that are highly durable. The rigid frame of a building made of posts, beams and braces carries the main load, which is transferred to the foundation. Walls are enclosing and dividing structures. , built using half-timbered technology, have been standing in Europe for more than three hundred years. For those who were not familiar with such structures, visiting a house built using half-timbered technology makes an indelible impression of its beauty and solidity. The possibilities that this technology opens up for design are very large and varied. The wooden frame of the house is treated with weather-resistant varnishes, complemented

modern materials

Fachwerk technology came to us from Europe. When constructing buildings, the northern countries used crushed stone, stone, and other building materials to fill the openings of the building frame in order to save wood building materials. At the same time, the houses were very durable and had a long service life, which goes back hundreds of years. Skilled carpenters were able to use an ax to create masterpieces of medieval architecture that lasted from 300 to 500 years.

Modern projects for the construction of buildings in the half-timbered style only vaguely resemble buildings built in past centuries. Today builders offer a variety of bricks and polished wood. The cost of construction depends on the construction material and the area of ​​the house you want to build. The designers will present a finished project, equipped with communications and engineering networks and structures. The use of half-timbered construction technology is possible in the construction of both residential buildings, cottages and dachas, and for the construction of public buildings - hotels, mini-hotels, non-standard office buildings. Construction using this method has a number of serious advantages, such as the durability and reliability of the building. The structure has a relatively light weight. To create a foundation, there is no need to drive piles, creating a particularly powerful foundation.

Finishing the facade using the half-timbered method

The cost-effectiveness of construction distinguishes construction using half-timbered technology from other methods. Finishing the facade does not require the use of expensive materials. If the customer wants to finish the facade with an imitation half-timbered style, then it is quite acceptable to use polyurethane substitutes instead of expensive wooden beams. Externally, the building looks great and has aesthetic appeal. Durability and resistance to external weather conditions will allow you to serve for many years without worrying about deterioration in performance and appearance

. The half-timbered elements are attached to the external columns using assembly ladders. Filling the voids with thermal insulation and then using finishing materials will allow you to create an imitation of the style without violating the uniqueness of the building. Today, construction and decoration in the half-timbered style is among those clients who want to build a durable, strong and beautiful home at an economical cost. The construction time for such a house is shorter than when building a cottage made of brick or other traditional building materials. The revival of an ancient technology emphasizes the practicality and reliability of this method. The use of thermal insulation materials makes it possible to save energy resources for heating the cottage. You can order a project based on available design documents for houses of various sizes. For particularly demanding customers, architects are ready to finalize projects in accordance with individual requirements. Having started building a house in the spring, by autumn you can have a ready, warm house for the whole family. The building is environmentally friendly; its attractive aesthetic appearance will always delight both the residents of the house and the guests who come to visit.

How to build a half-timbered house

For those who, having studied all the methods of building a cottage for themselves, settled on the method using half-timbered technology, it is worth turning to professionals to order work for the design and execution of work. The choice of land for a half-timbered house is very diverse, there are practically no restrictions. Choosing a place for your future home must be based on your own preferences. The architectural possibilities when choosing a cottage style are very wide; the project can be made in an unpretentious peasant style and a rich, fancy version for those customers who want to have big house for a family consisting of several generations. The house is suitable for year-round living, since during the development of project documentation, the supply of all engineering communications necessary for a modern comfortable life is developed.

Thermal conductivity and the absence of moisture and dampness inside a half-timbered house are achieved through the use of natural building materials and modern heat-insulating and water-absorbing materials, which are used in the construction of a cottage. The area of ​​the house, as well as the number of floors, is selected depending on the wishes of the customer, taking into account the number of permanent residents in the house and the purpose of the building.

You can build a dacha on a country plot using interesting, ready-made standard designs. In order to verify the reliability of the building, it is possible to go to the site and inspect the finished structure in which people live. The reliability and stability of the building is ensured by the frame-axial structure. The axles create space between the posts, thereby providing design options.

Stages of construction of a half-timbered house

• When starting to build a half-timbered house, it is worth remembering the main features of this particular construction method. Exterior decoration using the half-timbered method is different from any other and is the main architectural feature, emphasizing the external expressiveness of the building. Frame elements break up the white walls, making the building look elegant and simple at the same time. The entire complex of works on the construction of the facility can be divided into the following stages:
• Development of design documentation and construction estimates.
• Construction of the foundation for the future building.
• Construction of the frame of the house.
• Installation of OSB boards and filling of frame openings with thermal insulation materials.
• Painting of walls - putty, sanding, painting.
• Installation of ceilings, floors, utility networks.
• Design work indoors.
• External works on finishing the facade of the building. Breakdown local area

in accordance with the design project. All this work is carried out strictly in accordance with project documentation , where each section is written. Engineering and geodetic parameters are calculated for the correct and reliable laying of the foundation. A building that was erected by a professional team of workers under the guidance of competent engineers and designers can stand for hundreds of years. The construction method using half-timbered technology is designed for long-term use of the house. At After taking care of wooden structures, maintaining the house, and regular repair work, the cottage will serve more than one generation of the family, giving joy and pleasure. Considering the speed of construction and the cost-effectiveness of the method, we can confidently say that such a building is most suitable for the climatic characteristics and operating conditions in Russia.