Self-construction of a hatch into the basement. Types and installation of hatches for basement openings Secret hatch in the floor
The technology for creating a hidden floor hatch includes several stages: selection and acquisition of materials, preparation of tools, drawing up a drawing and the actual construction of the structure. The basic requirements for arranging a boat and the step-by-step progress of the work are described in the article.
Requirements for hidden hatches in the cellar
Having a basement in a country house or in a private house has a number of undeniable advantages. Utility room expands usable area and provides a warm, dry floor covering for the first floor. The disadvantage of a cellar is the increase in construction costs. Sometimes the cost of building a basement reaches ¼ of the total estimate for the construction of the entire house. Some people try to save money by doing some of the work themselves.
Arranging a basement involves organizing a separate or built-in entrance. This can be an ordinary door or a lyada (a hatch in a field). If the basement is located in a residential building, then a hidden hatch is placed. To do the work yourself, you need to think through everything in advance, taking into account the basic requirements for hidden structures of this type.
- The dimensions of the hatch are selected in accordance with the room and the main purpose of the cellar. Minimum dimensions – 75*75 cm.
- It is better to choose the location of the lyad not next to the wall. The door should swing open without any difficulty. It is important that the open lid does not touch objects on the floor or furniture.
- The cellar must be equipped with a simple and convenient opening mechanism.
- If the door weighs more than 10 kg, it is advisable to equip the hatch with an electric drive.
- The dimensions of the hatch must fully correspond to the shaft basement, and the joints must be airtight.
- Care should be taken to ensure reliable supports around the perimeter of the hatch. The lid will be stepped on many times throughout the day and must be able to support the weight of everyone in the household.
- It is advisable to equip the floor hatch with a smooth opening/closing system (gas lift). If there are animals and children in the house, then you will need a locking device that limits access to the basement.
- The cover material is selected in accordance with the existing or proposed floor finish. For example, if a wood board or laminate is laid, then the cover is mounted from wood.
Options for finished products: features of operation and installation
It’s easier to choose a ready-made hatch design and install it yourself. Models available on the market different sizes and types. You will be able to find an option that is optimally suited for laminate, tile or linoleum. Depending on the method of opening the door to the basement, there are three types:
If the floor is tiled, laminate or other finishing material, then to create a hidden hatch into the basement with your own hands, you need to choose fillable aluminum or steel structures. Such a specimen represents a shallow rectangular container. After installation, the frame is filled with concrete mortar, and after complete drying, the surface is lined.
Important! A concrete hatch has significant weight, so it requires the use of massive hinges and durable fasteners. A well-designed steel structure can withstand weights in excess of 1 ton.
Choosing materials for making a hidden hatch with your own hands
To implement the project, you can use wood or metal. In this matter, it is important to maintain a reasonable balance between the weight of the structure and its strength. When creating a wooden hatch, boards 2.5 mm thick are often used. The top finishing of the lid is made with 1 cm plywood. Using transverse slats, the boards are connected to each other, forming a solid sheet. To extend its service life, a wooden door must be treated with drying oil.
The construction of a durable metal hatch is made from steel sheets 3-4 mm thick. Polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene foam is used as insulation.
An important aspect of convenient use of a cellar hatch is the correctly selected handle and hinges. For these purposes there is no regular one will do door knob, since it will rise above the floor level and cause inconvenience when walking. It is better to use folding handles that can be easily lowered or raised. If there are young children in the house, then it is advisable to install removable models. Some craftsmen often cut out recesses in wooden hatches and place secret handles in them.
When making hinged lids, you will need hinges. These can be ordinary models door hinges or from the hood of a car. When installing hinges for hidden hatches with your own hands, you need to take into account some nuances:
- It is better to use products with springs - this will ensure easier opening of heavy lids;
- hinges from the car fix the hatch in the open position, which eliminates the possibility of the cellar door slamming.
Important! For a hidden hatch you need to use mortise hinges. If mounted models If the top is covered with laminate or tiles, then such a structure cannot be repaired later.
Conventional hinges are not suitable for aluminum or steel lids. Here it is necessary to use gas shock absorbers.
Creating a hidden metal structure
To make metal hidden inspection hatches with your own hands you will need following materials and tools:
- sheet metal(steel) thickness 3-4 mm and 1 mm;
- metal corner– 4-5 cm;
- Door hinges;
- thermal insulation material;
- rubber compressor;
- primer for metal processing;
- Bulgarian;
- welding machine, electrodes;
- sander;
- screwdriver;
- electric drill;
- self-tapping screws
The assembly diagram of the metal hatch is presented below.
General order of work:
- Preparation and insulation of the hatch:
- cut out the required sheet from 3-4 mm steel, for example 75*75 cm;
- weld a corner around the perimeter of the sheet with inside;
- weld the stiffeners, dividing the hatch area into 4 sectors;
- clean weld seams;
- place insulation between the jumpers;
- Place thin sheet steel on the back of the cover and secure it to the corners with self-tapping screws.
- Installation of the cellar opening frame:
- cut the steel angle according to the dimensions of the hatch opening;
- weld a quadrangular frame from the corners;
- secure the frame to the concrete with anchors;
- Finish the end of the frame with a sealant.
- Door fastening:
- weld reinforced hinges to the metal frame;
- Weld the counter elements to the lid;
- install gas closers;
- fix the lid;
- cover by steel parts drying oil.
Metal floor hatch in the garage: video.
How to make a hidden hatch under tiles with your own hands
Drawing development
It is necessary to develop a sketch of the future design in advance. The hidden floor hatch (hand drawing) should schematically display the main parameters of the structure:
- box dimensions (length, width);
- thickness of the opening and the frame used;
- placement of hinges on the lid and hatch opening.
DIY hidden hatch under tiles: drawings
Installation of floor screed
The first step is to ensure the levelness of the floor in which the hidden hatch will be placed. The entire alignment process is carried out in several stages:
- Determine the level of the finished floor covering. It is necessary to provide for the thickness of the tiles (about 8 mm) and the adhesive (4 mm).
- Prepare cement mortar and set up beacon profiles.
- Bead the opening, leaving about 10 cm around the perimeter as support for the hatch cover.
- Make a floor screed according to standard technology.
Tiling
After complete hardening concrete mortar, you need to try on the hatch by placing it against the opening. At this stage, it is advisable to pre-lay out the tiles. Tiling begins from the corner of the wall, located in the most visible place. Trimming and laying tile material when finishing a niche is carried out only after the final installation of the hatch frame.
Before installing the frame, the location of the hatch should look something like this.
Finishing the frame and slopes
The design of the ends of the opening is carried out in the following order:
- Place the frame on the niche and level it.
- Fill the gaps between the screed and the metal frame cement mortar(it is necessary to use the composition of the M500 brand).
- Allow the solution to harden completely.
- Trim the tiles and tile the remaining area around the opening.
- Align the slopes of the niche - install beacons and “pull it out” with cement mortar.
- Tile the slopes using SM-11 glue.
- Before drying adhesive composition it is better to fix the tiles regular tape.
- Install demarcating crosses.
Cover installation
To make a hidden hatch under the tiles with your own hands, use a galvanized steel body with couplings for installing handles. IN metal box the reinforcement is laid, the frame is filled with concrete, and tiles are laid on top flush with the ends of the lid.
The final finishing involves grouting the tile joints and installing removable handles.
DIY hidden hatch under tiles: video.
Electric inspection hatch: installation features
To make lifting the heavy hatch door easier and protecting the basement from thieves, the hatch can be equipped with an automatic system. Most easy way– construction of a folding mechanism. To make it you need to prepare:
- electric motor;
- duralumin pipe;
- steel sheet;
- steel rods;
- Bulgarian;
- welding machine;
- toggle switch (switch) 3 positions;
- presence of a current source.
The mechanism is mounted on a ready-made hinged lid; the opening angle of the hatch will be less than 90°. The principle of operation is as follows: the electric motor receives a signal from the remote control, driving the shaft. The rod rises 80° and the device fixes the hatch in the open position. The second toggle switch gives an impulse through the control panel and starts reverse thrust on the motor. The rod lowers and pulls the door behind it.
Hidden hatch – practical option arrangement of the basement entrance. The lid and lifting mechanism must be safe and easy to use. You can create a hatch yourself, without the use of expensive equipment or the help of professionals.
strport.ru
Almost every owner own home sets up a cellar in his home - a place where he can store canned food, products from the garden, and seasonal items. In a properly equipped cellar, due to its proximity to the ground, it always preserves low temperature and a certain humidity. The entrance to the cellar, located on the floor, often leads from the kitchen or hallway of the house.
DIY cellar hatch
You need to know how to properly make an entrance hatch into the “bins” in order to avoid heat loss and not disturb the interior of the floor of the room. It is also important to consider a system of stoppers or shock absorbers that will prevent spontaneous closing of the hatch at the moment when a person descends into the cellar.
A good hatch will not slam shut over your head thanks to shock absorbers
Important points
If the construction of a house is in full swing and the location of the hatch to the basement or cellar is still at the development stage, it is worth considering the following nuances.
- The entrance should be located in convenient place, not next to the wall. This is necessary so that the hatch opens without any interference.
- If you plan to make the entrance to the cellar in the kitchen, it is important to place the entrance where there will be no furniture, for example, dinner table. It is important that the raised lid does not touch kitchen set or other things.
- The design of the hatch cover must be reinforced and withstand the weight of a person, if, for example, the entrance to the cellar will be from the corridor.
- Dimensions of the entrance to the cellar. They must be “tailored” to the dimensions of the owners. This is necessary in order to easily go down to the basement and get out the necessary things and products.
Wooden cellar hatch
Wooden cellar hatch
A wooden hatch is made if a wooden board is laid on the floor. This will visually hide the entrance to the underground and lighten the weight of the entire structure.
To make a wooden hatch, the following tools are required.
- Saw.
- Hammer.
- Screwdriver.
- Brush.
You also need to prepare necessary materials.
- Boards for the top flooring.
- Laths for sheathing.
- Beams for supports
- Plywood.
- Drying oil.
- Nails.
- Screws.
- Chalk or pencil.
- Insulation.
- Hinges and gas shock absorber.
- Pen.
How to make a cellar hatch
If the hole into the cellar measures 80 by 80 cm, then the lid should be made a little smaller so that it fits freely to the floor. The gaps between the floor and the hatch cover should be no more than 4-5 mm.
The height of the hatch must match the dimensions of the final and rough coating. For this purpose, the hatch is made multi-layered. The first layer is plywood, onto which slats are laid in the form of sheathing. Insulation (second layer) is placed between these slats to prevent drafts. A board (finishing layer) is attached to the top of the slats.
Hatch in the floor
It is advisable to select a material that matches the width and thickness of the board laid on the floor. It is also a good idea to nail the top boards of the hatch parallel to the floorboard so that the cover does not stand out too much on the floor.
Mechanism for opening the floor hatch cover
The design of such an insulated wooden hatch is not too heavy; it can be equipped with ordinary hinges attached to the basement side. But experts recommend equipping the hatch with gas closers, which simplify lifting the structure.
Hatch handle
A special handle is attached to the front surface of the hatch, which is placed on the floor and does not protrude.
Video - Hatch to a cellar made of wood with closers
Metal hatch to the cellar
Metal hatch to the cellar
Metal structures are more reliable and stronger than wooden hatches. But making such a lid is much more difficult.
To make a metal hatch you will need the following tools.
- Angle grinder with metal cutting disc.
- Welding machine.
- Screwdriver.
- Roulette.
You should also stock up on materials.
- Sheet steel, thickness 3 mm and 1 mm.
- Steel corner 3-4 mm.
- Loops.
- Gas closer.
- Anchors
- Foam or other insulation material.
- Rubber gaskets.
- Primer.
To make a lid, you need to cut a sheet of steel to the required size, for example, 80 by 80 cm. Experts recommend using material at least 3 mm thick.
A corner is welded onto the steel around the perimeter from the inside. It is also recommended to weld stiffeners from the same corner, between which to place insulation. It turns out that the area of the hatch cover is divided into 4 sectors. All welding work It is advisable to carry out it carefully, it is advisable to clean the seams.
The insulation should not be wider than the corner. Thin sheet steel or tin is overlapped over the insulating material, bent using blows with a mallet and secured to the corners with self-tapping screws.
The hatch is ready.
Hatch to the cellar
The next stage is the installation of the cellar entrance frame. To do this, the steel angle is cut into fragments corresponding to the size of the hatch opening. The corners are welded together and attached to the concrete using anchors. One of the sides of the frame is a support for the metal hatch. A seal is attached to the protruding edge of the frame, which will reduce heat loss and protect the hatch from friction and impacts against the edges of the frame.
The lid is attached to the metal frame using special reinforced hinges that support the weight of the structure. To make the hatch easy to open, it is recommended to equip it with gas closers. It is recommended to treat all metal steel parts of the hatch structure with drying oil to avoid corrosion.
If the hatch is installed during the construction of the house, then you can hide the entrance to the underground by finishing floor.
Video - Metal hatch laminate floor
Hatch to the cellar under the tiles
Hatch to the cellar
Tiles are an ideal material for the kitchen. Many housewives prefer this type of floor finishing, especially since it is not too difficult to decorate a basement hatch in the same style as the floor covering.
This requires the following materials:
- steel corner;
- steel sheet 3 mm minimum;
- reinforcement with a cross section of 3-4 mm;
- solution;
- tile.
The tools needed are the same as when making a regular metal hatch.
Hatch to the cellar under the tiles
Hatch to the cellar under the tiles
Unlike a regular metal hatch, the tile cover is made slightly differently. A blank corresponding to the size of the hatch is cut out of sheet steel. This will be the bottom. A corner is welded along the perimeter of the workpiece, forming the sides. Reinforcement is welded inside the sides to form cells.
The frame for the entrance to the cellar is welded from steel corners and recessed into concrete to the width of the lid. The structure is connected using reinforced hinges. For safety, you can equip the lid with a gas shock absorber.
Once the structure is ready, you can start decorating it. The mortar on which the tiles will be laid is mixed. The solution is poured into the manhole cover, hiding the reinforcing mesh. Tiles are laid on top.
It is important to lay the material on the hatch so that its seams match the tiles laid on the floor.
Inspection hatches for invisible tiles
Video - DIY cellar hatch (metal)
svoimi-rykami.ru
Making a hatch into the basement of a house with your own hands
Everyone would like to have a basement under the floor in their home. I can talk about the advantages for a long time. Firstly, this is additional room, having virtually constant temperature and humidity throughout the year, regardless of the season. Allowing you to use it as a vegetable storage facility, a workshop warehouse, etc.
And in this regard, it is important to equip the entrance to the basement with an aesthetic and reliable hatch. 
Hatch requirements
1. Ease of opening and closing; 2. Presentable appearance;
3. Reliability.
Ease of opening
It is very important that when opening the hatch opens without excessive effort, and when closing the hatch cover does not fall with all its might, trying to knock off any limb, but closes smoothly. Reliable fixation of the hatch cover is also equally important. The possibility of being closed, or even worse - getting hit on the head with a lid, will not make anyone happy.
Presentable appearance
Aesthetic and presentable appearance is the most important requirement. No one wants to spoil the look of their hallway or kitchen. Hence the desire to disguise it or, in extreme cases, make it outwardly attractive.
Reliability
The most important requirement. It should mostly be classified as accessories. Reliable hinges, shock absorbers, shut-off valves will determine the reliability and durability of the structure.
There are several types of hatches
1. 
The simplest and cheapest option is a removable hatch. The cover is made as a separate element: it is simply lifted and placed near the opening. 2. A swing door is made like a door only in the floor. It has two or more loops on one side and a handle and lock on the other. 3. Sliding: this type is rarely used indoors due to the need to install special guides. The principle of operation of such a hatch is to move the cover along the guides.
Most often, wood or metal (steel, less often aluminum) is used to make hatches, or a combination. For various coatings use Various types caps For example, to cover tiles, use so-called filling caps. This is a lid in the form of a box into which the screed is poured and the tiles are glued on top. You can also use this cover 
lay laminate. It turns out to be a hidden hatch - it is very difficult to see it.
The disadvantage of this design is the mass of the hatch, which can reach tens of kilograms. To make it easier, a gas shock absorber for opening and closing is installed on such a hatch. Required reliable fastening massive hinges and solid fastening into the opening, which leads to higher prices. 
The advantages include the reliability and solidity of the design. Due to its mass, it does not wobble or squeak when walking on it. A thorough fastening into the opening is also required. The mechanism for fixing the lid in this design is simply vital. The handle is usually made removable; you can use a regular eye bolt. Various sealing materials are used for sealing.
Making a basement hatch with your own hands
You can also make a basement hatch with your own hands, for example, a wooden one. For the frame, bars 100 x 50 mm or thicker are used, depending on the load. The lid is made of 30-40 mm boards, on top of the boards GVL is glued on top of which it is laid flooring. If it is necessary to install a hidden hatch, it must be lowered to the thickness of the floor covering. For this you will need mortise hinges. You can also make a hatch out of metal with your own hands.
This requires skills in working with an angle grinder and a welding machine.
Materials you will need:
Necessary equipment:
- Welding machine
- Bulgarian
- Screwdriver or electric drill
- Roulette
First, a frame is assembled from corners or square pipe after which they make a lid. The lid can be made of either metal or wood. If the structure turns out to be heavy, then the installation of gas shock absorbers is necessary. For those who want to restrict access to the basement of strangers, we recommend installing an electric drive. The electric drive is activated by sending a signal to open and close from the remote control.
domsdelat.ru
Do-it-yourself hatch to the basement: designs with electric drive, the usual version and products with a retractable mechanism
There are two main design options for entering the basement - a door and a hatch. Each of them is suitable for a specific room. If we are talking about a basement, the entrance to which is located inside the house, most owners prefer a hatch.
Making it yourself is easy and quite quick.
In the photo - a steel roof for the basement
Why do we need a basement under the house?
Before we begin installing it, let's decide for ourselves whether a basement is really needed in the house. Will he be able to solve the tasks assigned to him and will he not be a heavy burden for us?
A basement is a room whose floor is located below the ground level of the construction site by more than half the height of its walls. Otherwise it will be the ground floor.
What affects the structure of the basement
- Hydrogeological conditions;
- Soil type. For example, earthworks rocky ground will be very expensive, since it is impossible to do without special equipment;
- Level groundwater. When this indicator exceeds the depth of the foundation, you will have to purchase expensive waterproofing.
Inconspicuous hatch in the basement under the tiles with your own hands
Advantages
- Creates additional useful space in the house, which can be used for storing things, conservation and food. Often a workshop, a room for utilities, a wine cellar and others are placed here.
- Having arranged a basement under the main house, you no longer need to think about building an additional utility room on the territory, thereby keeping such expensive square meters plot.
- The basement allows you to always have a warm and dry floor on the first floor.
- The owners receive additional comfort, since they do not need to run to the annex for groceries in bad weather; they can simply go downstairs and take everything they need.
Flaws
The only thing that can influence the decision to install a basement is its price. It can reach a quarter of all costs for a private house, which is a lot. This is due to the expensive land works, for which you will have to hire special equipment.
You can do everything yourself, but it will require a lot of effort and time. In addition, careful arrangement of the room will be required, which includes waterproofing, interior decoration and placement of the necessary shelves.
Basement entrance cover
This element not only closes the entrance, but is also part of the floor, harmoniously combining with the surrounding surfaces. In addition, it should open easily and close tightly without effort. Below we will talk about how to make a hatch into the basement yourself different ways. (See also the article Features of the stairs to the basement.)
Hatch diagram
Prepare materials and tools:
- sheet steel - thickness at least 3-5 mm, otherwise it may collapse;
- metal corner;
- tin;
- welding machine;
- dense rubber;
- expanded polystyrene;
- screwdriver;
- self-tapping screws;
- roulette
- The hatch cover to the basement must be made strictly to the size of the shaft so that it fits exactly end-to-end when closing. To do this, use a rubber seal, which will protect the basement from air entering it, which can lead to an increase in temperature.
- It can be covered on top with the floor covering used in the room, or left as is, after being painted with paint to protect it from rust. Weld a corner around the perimeter to the bottom of the steel plate, providing additional rigidity to the structure.
Tip: Leave room for free movement so that the lid fits tightly into place.
- Lay insulation on the inside of the lid. For this, use polystyrene foam, which you cut so that it fits flush against the inside of the corner.
- Cover the lid with a sheet of tin, bend it at the sides and secure it with self-tapping screws.
- Attach the basement hatch to the external hinges. There is also an electric version of the lid closing and opening mechanism.
Cover on gas struts
Electric drive
Unlike the previous option, when anyone can open the hatch, this design turns the basement into a safe. Unwanted visitors will not be able to get there no matter what they want. The design depends on how the do-it-yourself basement hatch drawings are drawn up, the skill of the contractor and the financial capabilities of the customer.
Simple electric drive for a basement lid
Regular option
Prepare:
- electric motor;
- duralumin pipes;
- sheet steel;
- grinder with a circle for cutting metal;
- welding machine;
- electrical cable;
- three-position toggle switch;
- current source.
This option is considered the simplest, therefore it is used not for special protection of the cellar, but to simplify interaction with the hatch. Install the mechanism directly on the hinged lid.
Tip: never install the hatch at 90°, leave room for free reverse movement.
The operation of the design is quite simple - you send a signal to the electric motor from the remote control, it begins to rotate and set the mechanism in motion. The lid rises upward thanks to the rod to an angle of 80°, where it is stopped automatically.
You can close the hatch by pressing the second toggle switch on the remote control, which turns on the reverse rotation of the electric motor shaft and returns the rod to its place. You can hide the moving elements behind light duralumin pipes or steel boxes. Even a beginner can assemble the mechanism quite quickly.
Retractable mechanism
The instructions below will tell you the basic steps. By doing this you can save on materials.
Prepare:
- sheet steel 5 mm thick;
- metal rollers with rubber knurling;
- steel rods;
- two electric motors;
- three-position toggle switch;
- electrical cable;
- current source.
This design is more complex than the previous version, but it will reliably protect the cellar from outside interference. The entire system, together with the hatch, is placed under the floor, but the movable hatch must occupy an area larger than the entrance to the basement shaft. (See also the article How to make a basement staircase with your own hands.)
Basement cover drawing
Fix the steel sheet on metal rollers, which will be driven by electric motors, since one will not be able to complete the task.
There are no hinges on the horizontal movement cover and it cannot be opened by pressing hands, since most electric motors have a built-in freewheel lock.
Conclusion
Using a basement hatch makes it easier to access and can be used longer than a door. The use of electric motors makes it possible to make the cellar inaccessible to unauthorized persons. In the video presented in this article you will find additional information on this topic.
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It is rare to find a private house structure that does not have a cellar. It is in the cellars that a variety of products are stored, which the owners grew on their own land, and are happy to treat their neighbors in cold weather.
Housewives also store in the cellars pickles and other baked goods made with their own hands, which are the most important delicacy on the table in winter. But the presence of a cellar also implies the presence of a hatch leading into it. If you don't want to spend extra funds, you will have to make a cellar hatch with your own hands.
In such a cellar everything is always at hand
Preparatory activities
Before you begin, you should pay attention to the following points:
- Choose the best location for the hatch and decide on its size. The parameters of the hatch to the basement must correspond to the build of the owners of the house. In any case, you should not make the hatch smaller than 750/750 mm, because otherwise it will be quite difficult to get out of the cellar with food.
- Make sure there are supports on which your new hatch will rest. Ideally, there should be four such supports.
- Also take into account such a parameter as the weight of the product. Not all household members will be able to open a heavy manhole cover. The strength of the woman or child may not be enough to hold her.
In the photo there is a hatch to the wine cellar
Note! The light weight of the lid should not in any way affect its strength.
In order to build a lid that is both strong and light, you should use materials such as:
- A layer of wood at least 2.5 cm thick.
- Plywood sheet at least 1 cm thick.
Tip: For greater reliability of the structure, you should thoroughly soak all the boards with drying oil.
Hatch construction
The price of a basement hatch becomes much lower if you build it yourself.
Materials and tools
In order to build a cellar hatch with your own hands you will need:
- Hammer;
- Nails;
- Saw;
- Ruler or tape measure;
- Screwdriver;
- Screws;
- Pencil;
- Drying oil;
- Plywood;
- Reiki;
- Boards.
Scheme of the hatch to the cellar
To make the lid look more pleasant from the outside, cover it with linoleum. Before fixing the linoleum, be sure to let it rest well. The linoleum needs to be secured around the perimeter of the entire hatch cover using aluminum corners. This option exterior finishing The cover is quite practical and reliable.
Pen
Quite a lot important element The design of the hatch is a handle, which should provide ease of opening and closing the lid. If you screw an ordinary doorknob to the basement lid, even if it is very beautiful, it will cause inconvenience. Your household members will, without a doubt, constantly trip over the handle sticking out of the floor.
In the photo - a manhole cover with a recessed handle
There are quite suitable designs, called drop handles. At correct installation such a handle, as the instructions say, it will not interfere at all. And if necessary, it will be easy to raise and lower.
For convenience, you can provide a removable handle. This design is especially suitable for families with small children. After all, the basement is not a place for games.
Loops
If you want the hatch cover leading to the basement to not only be removed, but to be able to open and close, then you should provide hinges. Absolutely any hinges can be used; even old hinges from the hood of a Soviet car will be a completely suitable material.
When installing your sunroof cover on car hinges, you will have the following benefits:
- Easy opening. Car hinges are equipped with springs, which makes it easy to open even heavy lids.
- Fixed position. The lid will remain open until you close it yourself. This eliminates the possibility of the hatch slamming shut under its own weight.
Furniture hinges for cellar hatch
Installation of such hinges is carried out only when the springs are removed. To begin with, the hinges are installed from the bottom. After installation, the hatch opens completely and the hinges automatically fall into place.
Installation of the cellar cover
Installation of the cellar cover is carried out as follows:
- We make markings. To do this, place the finished hatch shell on the floor in the right place and outline it with a marker;
- Using a puncher, we make a hole in the ceiling 3 cm smaller than the markings made on the ceiling;
- Using a hammer drill, we make a neat concrete protrusion so that the cover frame fits flush into the ceiling;
- If the hatch design provides for the installation of anchors, we install the anchors;
- We seal the gaps between the frame and the ceiling with cement mortar from the inside of the cellar and from the outside.
Note! If the hatch is installed after the floor covering has been laid, it should be disassembled around the planned opening.
Sealing and insulating the cellar
In order to seal the hatch and insulate it from noise and moisture, you will need insulation. As insulation of this kind, you can use ordinary door insulation, the price of which is low. But ordinary felt tape may also be suitable.
In any case, the use of insulation can save you from such unpleasant moments as:
How to choose an electric heated floor for tiles
The technology for creating a hidden floor hatch includes several stages: selection and acquisition of materials, preparation of tools, drawing up a drawing and the actual construction of the structure. The basic requirements for arranging a boat and the step-by-step progress of the work are described in the article.
Requirements for hidden hatches in the cellar
Having a basement in a country house or in a private house has a number of undeniable advantages. The utility room expands the usable area and provides a warm, dry floor covering for the first floor. The disadvantage of a cellar is the increase in construction costs. Sometimes the cost of building a basement reaches ¼ of the total estimate for the construction of the entire house. Some people try to save money by doing some of the work themselves.
Arranging a basement involves organizing a separate or built-in entrance. This can be an ordinary door or a lyada (a hatch in a field). If the basement is located in a residential building, then a hidden hatch is placed. To do the work yourself, you need to think through everything in advance, taking into account the basic requirements for hidden structures of this type.
- The dimensions of the hatch are selected in accordance with the room and the main purpose of the cellar. Minimum dimensions - 75*75 cm.
- It is better to choose the location of the lyad not next to the wall. The door should swing open without any difficulty. It is important that the open lid does not touch objects on the floor or furniture.
- The cellar must be equipped with a simple and convenient opening mechanism.
- If the door weighs more than 10 kg, it is advisable to equip the hatch with an electric drive.
- The dimensions of the hatch must fully correspond to the basement shaft, and the joints must be sealed.
- Care should be taken to ensure reliable supports around the perimeter of the hatch. The lid will be stepped on many times throughout the day and must be able to support the weight of everyone in the household.
- It is advisable to equip the floor hatch with a smooth opening/closing system (gas lift). If there are animals and children in the house, then you will need a locking device that limits access to the basement.
- The cover material is selected in accordance with the existing or proposed floor finish. For example, if a wood board or laminate is laid, then the cover is mounted from wood.
Options for finished products: features of operation and installation
It’s easier to choose a ready-made hatch design and install it yourself. There are models of different sizes and types on the market. You will be able to find an option that is optimally suited for laminate, tile or linoleum. Depending on the method of opening the door to the basement, there are three types:
If the floor is tiled, laminate or other finishing material, then to create a hidden hatch into the basement with your own hands, you need to choose fillable aluminum or steel structures. This specimen is a shallow rectangular container. After installation, the frame is filled with concrete mortar, and after complete drying, the surface is lined.
Important! A concrete hatch has significant weight, so it requires the use of massive hinges and durable fasteners. A well-designed steel structure can withstand weights in excess of 1 ton.
Choosing materials for making a hidden hatch with your own hands
To implement the project, you can use wood or metal. In this matter, it is important to maintain a reasonable balance between the weight of the structure and its strength. When creating a wooden hatch, boards 2.5 mm thick are often used. The top finishing of the lid is made with 1 cm plywood. Using transverse slats, the boards are connected to each other, forming a solid sheet. To extend its service life, a wooden door must be treated with drying oil.
The construction of a durable metal hatch is made from steel sheets 3-4 mm thick. Polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene foam is used as insulation.
An important aspect of convenient use of a cellar hatch is the correctly selected handle and hinges. An ordinary door handle will not be suitable for these purposes, as it will rise above the floor level and cause inconvenience when walking. It is better to use folding handles that can be easily lowered or raised. If there are young children in the house, then it is advisable to install removable models. Some craftsmen often cut out recesses in wooden hatches and place secret handles in them.
When making hinged lids, you will need hinges. These can be ordinary models of door hinges or from the hood of a car. When installing hinges for hidden hatches with your own hands, you need to take into account some nuances:
- It is better to use products with springs - this will ensure easier opening of heavy lids;
- hinges from the car fix the hatch in the open position, which eliminates the possibility of the cellar door slamming.
Important! For a hidden hatch you need to use mortise hinges. If wall-mounted models are faced with laminate or tiles on top, then such a structure cannot be repaired later.
Conventional hinges are not suitable for aluminum or steel lids. Here it is necessary to use gas shock absorbers.
Creating a hidden metal structure
To make metal hidden inspection hatches with your own hands, you will need the following materials and tools:
- sheet metal (steel) 3-4 mm and 1 mm thick;
- metal corner - 4-5 cm;
- Door hinges;
- thermal insulation material;
- rubber compressor;
- primer for metal processing;
- Bulgarian;
- welding machine, electrodes;
- sander;
- screwdriver;
- electric drill;
- self-tapping screws
The assembly diagram of the metal hatch is presented below.
General order of work:
- Preparation and insulation of the hatch:
- cut out the required sheet from 3-4 mm steel, for example 75*75 cm;
- Weld a corner on the inside along the perimeter of the sheet;
- weld the stiffeners, dividing the hatch area into 4 sectors;
- clean weld seams;
- place insulation between the jumpers;
- Place thin sheet steel on the back of the cover and secure it to the corners with self-tapping screws.
- Installation of the cellar opening frame:
- cut the steel angle according to the dimensions of the hatch opening;
- weld a quadrangular frame from the corners;
- secure the frame to the concrete with anchors;
- Finish the end of the frame with a sealant.
- Door fastening:
- weld reinforced hinges to the metal frame;
- Weld the counter elements to the lid;
- install gas closers;
- fix the lid;
- coat steel parts with drying oil.
Metal floor hatch in the garage: video.
How to make a hidden hatch under tiles with your own hands
Drawing development
It is necessary to develop a sketch of the future design in advance. The hidden floor hatch (hand drawing) should schematically display the main parameters of the structure:
- box dimensions (length, width);
- thickness of the opening and the frame used;
- placement of hinges on the lid and hatch opening.
DIY hidden hatch under tiles: drawings
Installation of floor screed
The first step is to ensure the levelness of the floor in which the hidden hatch will be placed. The entire alignment process is carried out in several stages:
- Determine the level of the finished floor covering. It is necessary to provide for the thickness of the tiles (about 8 mm) and the adhesive (4 mm).
- Prepare cement mortar and set up beacon profiles.
- Bead the opening, leaving about 10 cm around the perimeter as support for the hatch cover.
- Make a floor screed according to standard technology.
Tiling
After the concrete mortar has completely hardened, it is necessary to try on the hatch by attaching it to the opening. At this stage, it is advisable to pre-lay out the tiles. Tiling begins from the corner of the wall, located in the most visible place. Trimming and laying tile material when finishing a niche is carried out only after the final installation of the hatch frame.
Before installing the frame, the location of the hatch should look something like this.
Finishing the frame and slopes
The design of the ends of the opening is carried out in the following order:
- Place the frame on the niche and level it.
- Fill the gaps between the screed and the metal frame with cement mortar (use M500 grade composition).
- Allow the solution to harden completely.
- Trim the tiles and tile the remaining area around the opening.
- Align the slopes of the niche - install beacons and “pull out” with cement mortar.
- Tile the slopes using SM-11 glue.
- Before the adhesive dries, it is better to fix the tiles with ordinary tape.
- Install demarcating crosses.
Cover installation
To make a hidden hatch under the tiles with your own hands, use a galvanized steel body with couplings for installing handles. Reinforcement is placed in a metal box, the frame is filled with concrete, and tiles are laid on top flush with the ends of the lid.
The final finishing involves grouting the tile joints and installing removable handles.
DIY hidden hatch under tiles: video.
Electric inspection hatch: installation features
To make lifting the heavy hatch door easier and protecting the basement from thieves, the hatch can be equipped with an automatic system. The easiest way is to build a folding mechanism. To make it you need to prepare:
- electric motor;
- duralumin pipe;
- steel sheet;
- steel rods;
- Bulgarian;
- welding machine;
- toggle switch (switch) 3 positions;
- presence of a current source.
The mechanism is mounted on a ready-made hinged lid; the opening angle of the hatch will be less than 90°. The principle of operation is as follows: the electric motor receives a signal from the remote control, driving the shaft. The rod rises 80° and the device fixes the hatch in the open position. The second toggle switch gives an impulse through the control panel and starts reverse thrust on the motor. The rod lowers and pulls the door behind it.
A hidden hatch is a practical option for arranging a basement entrance. The lid and lifting mechanism must be safe and easy to use. You can create a hatch yourself, without the use of expensive equipment or the help of professionals.
Everyone who builds own house, knows how important every little thing is. After all, any construction defects will result in drafts already in the first year of operation, unpleasant smell and other similar problems. And often, unfortunately, in the rush of the latter finishing works many people forget about such an element as attic hatch with its design and insulation.
And along with a well-thought-out option, they often leave a thin lid that covers the ceiling opening. As a result, cold seeps from the attic into the living spaces, and moist steam rises from the rooms and penetrates the insulation in the attic, gradually destroying them. That's why we recommend making the attic hatch according to all the rules from the very beginning!
- Thermal insulation.
- Vapor barrier for living areas of the house.
- Blocking access in the house to small rodents that like to live on the roof.
- Access to the attic, namely the entrance to it.
- Shutting off fire and smoke from lower rooms in case of fire.
Let's look at fire safety separately. Thus, the attic hatch prevents the spread of fire, while protecting against the passage poisonous gases and smoke. Note that such a hatch is made of several layers of insulation, and from different materials, and the materials themselves differ in the degree of expansion at high temperatures. All this will prevent the thermal insulation of the hatch from burning out immediately and breaking into pieces.
After all, if people live at home, but the attic is cold, then a vapor barrier for the hatch is vitally important and you can’t do without it. Otherwise, all the vapors and heat will rise from the house directly through the hole in the attic, from the inside, and saturate all the roofing insulation with moisture.
Types of hatches and materials for their manufacture
The hatch for entering the attic can be built according to two main designs: with one cover or with two. The first option is, of course, the simplest, and in the second, the inner lid is a “sandwich”.
A standard attic hatch consists of wooden frame and fibreboard. Between them there is a sheet of polystyrene foam, from 3 to 6 centimeters. And the thickness of the inner covers is usually from 3.5 to 6.5 centimeters. To ensure that the inner cover of such a hatch adjoins the opening hermetically, use a gasket round section and recess it in advance into the milled groove of the box.
You can make the hatch cover metal or wood, using additional insulation, or without it. The main position in the manufacture of a hatch cover is occupied by the mechanism that will open it.
The height of the hatch box depends mainly on the parameters of the ladder that goes with it or is designed. Often this height does not coincide with the thickness attic floor, but this is not scary and usually does not cause any difficulties in practice.
Today, hatches for stairs with a fire-resistant cover are produced separately, and protective layer can be on one side, or on both sides at the same time. At the same time, the sides of the box are necessarily protected by metal, and as a result, the entire structure is able to withstand the spread of fire for as long as 30 minutes.
Today, special enclosing structures are produced for both living and cold attics. In any case, it is better to install them, especially if you go up to the attic more often than once a month. Many manufacturers supply such fencing complete with stairs, or they can be purchased separately.
Basically, modern manufacturers indicate pure parameters for their products. This means that the box with the stairs will actually have exactly these external dimensions, and you will need to make the ceiling opening for it quite a bit larger. But other manufacturers, on the contrary, indicate the exact external dimensions the future opening and the hatch to them are 1-3 centimeters smaller. Pay attention to this!
Often, a finished hatch and ladder (or a single hatch) is supplied to the market unpainted. This is done so that you can paint the entire structure in a color that will harmonize with the interior of the lower living space.
Mainly in industrial production attic stairs are produced in accordance with German DIN standards. Such stairs and a hatch are designed under a standard attic opening, and this is equal to the standard step between the floor beams of houses abroad. But in Russia the norms are somewhat different. Therefore, think through attic staircase with a hatch is definitely necessary at the design stage of the entire attic. It’s even easier to just go to the store, choose the model you’re interested in and use it to cut out the attic. Or, if you do everything yourself (which will be easiest for you), you will simply adjust a homemade hatch with a ladder to the existing attic floor.
The hatch cover itself is a wood slab up to 20 millimeters thick, but not thinner than 16 millimeters. Modern manufacturers of stairs with hatches offer covers that are already insulated, with a thickness of about 32 millimeters. This frame is usually sewn on both sides chipboard sheets or fiberboard, and between them there is foam insulation: polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam. Sometimes they offer enhanced insulation, where the insulation layer is more than 30 millimeters thick.
An interesting new product on the market is manhole covers with a dustproof function. Such a cover actually has many more advantages, because its dustproof layer also serves as another layer of thermal insulation. The essence of the new product is that the folding ladder under any hatch cover does not collect dust, and then you will not have an unpleasant feeling when in a month or two you decide to open the attic and lower the ladder down.
Here's the simplest option you can do:
But here you will need special fasteners:
Here is a video example of making the simplest attic hatch:
But here the home craftsman even uses unusual material for hatch:
Here's what kind of fastening you'll need for your attic hatch:
How to install a hatch on a concrete attic floor?
So, step by step:
- Step 1. The first thing you need to do is mark the future location of the hatch. To do this, use a regular construction pencil and meter.
- Step 2. Using a hammer drill you need to make a strictly vertical through hole, so take drills whose thickness will exceed the thickness concrete floor.
- Step 3. Place the hammer drill in the corners along the marked holes, and drill a through hole at the vertices of this rectangle. They will also serve as a definite guide for the lower markings.
- Step 4. Now, using a grinder with a special disk for concrete, draw a line around the perimeter of the hole so carefully that the disk does not get into the reinforcement in the ceiling during the cutting process. Now you will see all the weak spots and voids in the ceiling and can easily drill through them.
- Step 5. Once you find the vulnerabilities, break the concrete with a sledgehammer, hitting the weakest ones. In the same places where the remains of concrete are held on the reinforcement itself, use a crowbar.
- Step 6. Now that all the concrete has been knocked down, all you have to do is remove the reinforcement. Do not leave its protruding parts - these will interfere with the installation of the attic hatch.
- Step 7. Now, using a diamond-coated disk, we finally level out all the irregularities on the edges of the opening. This is very important, and no matter how tired you are at this moment, be sure to pay attention to it.
More details in the photo:
How to cut a hatch on a wooden floor
While making a square opening for a hatch is easy, you should know a few things about a round one. Sample instructions:
- Step 1. On the lower surface of the attic floor, draw markings for the planned opening and add the thickness of the trim. In general, do this directly on the floor of the residential floor, and only then transfer it to the ceiling using a plumb line.
- Step 2: Now install the jack stands.
- Step 3. Next, drill a through hole in the opening, from bottom to top.
- Step 4: Go up to the attic and insert a pin into the hole and use twine and a pencil to draw a circle.
- Step 5. Make a hole in this circle and cut along the contour of the entire opening. You will come across beams on the way, do not touch them - you will cut them out later.
- Step 6. Now, to make the opening in the shape of a circle, you need to bend the lumber.
Besides round version, you might be interested in looking at other examples:
How to install a hatch in a suspended ceiling
Now let's look at a problem such as installing an attic hatch in a suspended ceiling. In general, if you have such an opportunity, initially do not mount such a ceiling where the entrance to the attic will be. But since you already have to install all this now, when finished renovation, you'll have to tinker. The fact is that such material constantly wears out, and it is quite easy to damage it when installing the hatch. But we will do everything carefully.
Our main task is to hide the ceiling hatch against the background of the entire stretch ceiling, so as not to spoil the entire general form. And so - step by step:
- Step 1. First we build a frame around the ceiling hatch - this is wooden blocks along the perimeter of the hatch.
- Step 2. We attach the ceiling aluminum profile to them.
- Step 3. Next, we fix the stretch ceiling profile around the perimeter.
- Step 4. If the hatch is on inclined plane, install an additional separating profile.
- Step 5. Now we measure the hatch itself and take the same canvas from which it was made suspended ceiling.
- Step 6. We install the suspended ceiling, tightening and securing the entire structure to the opening.
How to insulate an attic hatch?
All attic hatches are divided into two main types: with and without a ladder attached to them. If you bought a ready-made attic hatch with a folding ladder, you do not need to insulate it: usually such structures are already insulated. If you do everything yourself, you will definitely need to think about thermal insulation.
Often ready-made kits hatches with stairs are sold with special heat-saving plates that are located on the front surface of the cover. They create the desired effect and prevent heat loss. If you make such a hatch yourself, simply insulate its cover with the same material that was used to insulate the attic.
If you start thermal insulation yourself, you will need a plywood sheet and the insulation itself - it’s really better to use the one you used to insulate the attic. After all, you probably have some scraps or excess material left. And just a couple of simple steps:
- Step 1. We take measurements of the attic hatch opening.
- Step 2. Based on the data obtained, we assemble a frame from boards about 2.5-3 centimeters thick.
- Step 3. Now we assemble the hatch cover - it will be exactly 45 centimeters smaller than the frame. This way we will put a layer of insulation and will not allow it to “walk”.
- Step 4. Place a vapor barrier film on the hatch cover.
- Step 5. We secure all the parts of the hatch with glue and wooden planks.
- Step 6. We sew up the hatch with plywood and decorate it as dictated by the interior design of the room below.
- Step 7. Be sure to treat all wooden parts of the hatch with an antiseptic.
- Step 8. Now we fix the finished cover in the opening using self-tapping screws and hinges that will hold the opening hatch.
Here detailed master class:
An attic hatch insulated with foam plastic is also wonderful:
And a whole hatch, which was initially made of polystyrene foam only:
To make it convenient for you to climb into the attic, build the following supports around the hatch:
And the last point: if there is a special hinge on the hatch cover, it will be especially convenient to open it - just with the help of an extended handle. And you won't need to take a stool or use some kind of stand to reach it. Just make one end of such a handle in the form of a tetrahedron or hexagon.
Everyone would like to have a basement under the floor in their home. I can talk about the advantages for a long time. Firstly, this is an additional room that has practically constant temperature and humidity throughout the year, regardless of the season. Allowing you to use it as a vegetable storage facility, a workshop warehouse, etc.
And in this regard, it is important to equip the entrance to the basement with an aesthetic and reliable hatch.
1. Ease of opening and closing;
2. Presentable appearance;
3. Reliability.
Ease of opening
It is very important that when opening, it opens without excessive effort, and when closing, the hatch cover does not fall with all its might, trying to knock off any limb, but closes smoothly. Reliable fixation of the hatch cover is also equally important. The possibility of being closed, or even worse - getting hit on the head with a lid, will not make anyone happy.
The advantages include the reliability and solidity of the design. Due to its mass, it does not wobble or squeak when walking on it. A thorough fastening into the opening is also required. The mechanism for fixing the lid in this design is simply vital. The handle is usually made removable; you can use a regular eye bolt. Various sealing materials are used for sealing.
Making a basement hatch with your own hands
You can also make a basement hatch with your own hands, for example, a wooden one. For the frame, bars 100 x 50 mm or thicker are used, depending on the load. The cover is made from 30-40 mm boards, on top of the boards GVL is glued on top of which the floor covering is laid. If it is necessary to install a hidden hatch, it must be lowered to the thickness of the floor covering. For this you will need mortise hinges. You can also make a hatch out of metal with your own hands.
Materials you will need:
Necessary equipment:
- Welding machine
- Bulgarian
- or electric drill
- Roulette
First, a frame is assembled from corners or a square pipe, and then a lid is made. The lid can be made of either metal or wood. If the structure turns out to be heavy, then the installation of gas shock absorbers is necessary. For those who want to restrict access to the basement of strangers, we recommend installing electric drive. The electric drive is activated by sending a signal to open and close from the remote control.
Almost all private houses have their own basement or cellar. If the entrance to it is in the floor, then you will need to make a floor hatch into the basement. How to make such a hatch largely depends on the structural features of the lift and its location. Creating a basement hatch with your own hands involves making drawings, selecting and purchasing materials from which the structure will be created. The basement hatch, first of all, must be completely safe and convenient to use.
Features of the hatch device
A basement has many benefits, including acting as storage space and allowing the ground floor floor to retain heat better. The main disadvantage is the high cost of creating a basement, so most home owners make an opening in the floor and install a floor hatch in the basement with their own hands.
To install a hatch, you need to think through all the stages of work.
The features of making an opening in the floor allow you to save a lot, but to successfully complete the project you need to think through all the details in advance:
- Develop a detailed drawing.
- The choice of installation location also has great importance. Furniture or other objects should not prevent the lid from opening freely.
- Set the optimal size. In this case, the internal opening should not be less than 75x75 cm.
- Select materials that can make the structure strong enough, but not heavy, and also fit into the interior.
- Choose best option for sealing and thermal insulation of the lid. An insulated hatch into the basement will not allow cold air to enter the house even in winter.
Often hatches are equipped with a lifting basement mechanism, which ensures smooth movement and allows you to fix the cover in one position. In addition, an electric drive can be installed on the hatch, which will not allow animals or small children to enter it.
What materials are basement hatches made from?
There are many materials available for making a hatch. Their choice largely depends on the overall interior of the house and flooring. At correct selection materials, you can make a hidden entrance to the basement, which will not disturb the overall appearance of the room.
In this video you will learn how to make a hatch:
Hatch to the basement made of wood
If the floor covering consists of wooden board, then it is recommended to use wood to disguise the entrance to the basement. In addition, with its help, the load on the entire structure will be significantly less. If the hole itself measures 80x80 cm, then the lid should be slightly smaller. This will ensure that the cover rests freely on the floor.
Important! It is also necessary to leave gaps of 4-5 mm between the floor and the lid. This will ensure free air circulation.
The manufacture of a wooden structure is carried out according to the following algorithm:
- Nail 4 timber supports, on which the lid will then rest, to the rough flooring from the basement side.
- Prepare wooden blanks 79 cm long from wood for the floor and slats.
- Cut a square 79x79 cm (should be 10 mm smaller than the hole itself).
- Treat all wooden parts with drying oil or another substance that can protect the material from moisture and fungus.
The height of the hatch must be equal to the finished one and rough coating, which is achieved through multi-layering. This design is usually lightweight, so it can be attached to regular hinges.
Metal hatch
Making a metal structure is much more difficult, but it is more reliable and durable than the previous version. To make it you need:
- Cut the lid from a sheet of steel with a thickness of at least 3 mm.
- Weld the corners from the inside of the steel around the entire perimeter.
Important! Using a corner, you can make stiffening ribs into which insulation can then be installed.
- Clean all welds.
- Place insulation, the size of which should not be larger than the corner.
- Lay the steel sheet overlapping and bend the edges using a mallet, secure to the corners with self-tapping screws.
Next you need to install the frame. To do this, it is necessary to cut the corners in accordance with the dimensions of the hatch opening. The corners need to be welded together, and then, using anchors, attached to concrete base. A small strip of insulation needs to be secured along the protruding edges of the frame. At the very end, secure the lid.
This hatch is much more practical Hatch for tiles
If you are installing a hatch under the tiles, you will need to initially create the necessary markings. The hatch into the subfloor itself does not fit on the tile, but is created in conjunction with it, that is, you will need to make a metal frame that will fall below the level of the floor surface, and install the material itself on it.
The creation of the hatch follows the standard plan, with one exception: the lock must be hidden and have no protruding elements.
Briefly, the process looks like this: a metal base is created, tiles are laid on it, taking into account the coincidence of the floor elements adjacent to the hatch.
Most often used before work accurate calculations. This will help avoid inconsistencies and shortcomings.
Sealing a basement hatch
The hatch must be built hermetically, but not interfere with full movement. If the entire floor in the room consists of a certain type of coating that cannot be damaged, for example, laminate, then floor hatches are equipped with additional sealing that does not interfere with either the coating or the structure itself.
Sealants are selected depending on their compatibility with the materials used in the construction work.
Electric drive
An electric drive is installed on the hatch to control the closing and opening of the basement. There are many arrangement options, but even the most simplified one will require additional markings according to the dimensions of the hatch. This is necessary for a full move.
It is important to remember that the rods must be installed correctly. The electric drive itself will be located on the hatch cover.
Creating a retractable mechanism
The retractable mechanism is often used when arranging floor hatches. To create the mechanism you will need small space under the floor, as well as a list of materials:
- steel sheet 2 pcs. thickness 5 mm;
- set of metal rollers;
- steel rods;
- compact electric motors – 2 pcs.;
- current source and electrical cable;
- switch with three positions.
The retractable mechanism is easy to use, but its creation and arrangement should be carried out by a person with experience in such work.
Each type of hatch has its own nuances Types of hinges for manhole cover
Hinges for a basement hatch are an important element that must be selected with special care. When installing the entrance to the basement, the following types of loops are used:
- Invoices. They are attached with one side to the hatch cover, and the other to the floor or wall. The cost of hinges can vary significantly depending on the degree of reliability and decor. The most expensive are forged hinges.
- Hidden. They are mounted in the covering itself or in the internal frame, which allows for a tight fit of the cover to the floor. This mechanism will allow you to completely hide the hatch from prying eyes.
- Pantographs. With their help, the hatch smoothly extends first upward and then to the side. Regardless of the thickness of the material used, the edges of the lid easily emerge from the ceilings.
- Gas shock absorbers. With their help, you can easily lift the lid and lock it in the required position. This mechanism allows you to lift heavy wooden or metal doors located horizontally without much effort.
- With drive. Allows large and heavy manhole covers to be opened or closed freely. Most often used in the manufacture metal structures. In turn, the drive mechanism is divided into retractable and retractable. The choice depends only on the wishes of the master himself and the available space.
The choice of loops must be made depending on the load that will be placed on them. In addition, do not forget about the need for backlash and corrosion protection.
Step-by-step instructions on how to make a basement hatch with your own hands
Before starting work, you should develop an exact layout of the hatch, taking into account nearby furniture or passages. It is best to arrange the entrance to the basement during the construction phase of the house itself.
If the design will not have big size, then it is recommended to use boards up to 4 cm thick, which must be covered with plywood that is resistant to moisture. If it is expected that the structure will be subject to increased load, it is recommended to use solid timber to make the frame.
Important! A few days before work starts, everything needs to be processed wooden elements drying oil, antiseptic or hydrophobic impregnation. Only after complete drying can you begin to assemble the hatch.
When making a similar structure from metal, it is recommended to take sheets of steel with a thickness of 3 mm and the same corner. To isolate the basement from the living space, it is recommended to insulate it with a sheet of foam plastic.
When making a wooden structure, you must follow the step-by-step instructions:
- Nail to subfloor frame made of 4 bars.
- Assemble a blank from boards and plywood, the size of which is 10 mm smaller than the selected one.
- Install hinges or shock absorbers on the basement side.
- Cut out a hidden handle.
- Screw the cover at an angle of 90° and check the operation mechanism.
Hidden hatches made of wood should be made multi-layered. To do this, it is recommended to sheathe the first and outer layers moisture resistant plywood, and fill the padding along the edges of the sheathing with insulation and inner space. It is imperative to leave a gap (10 mm).
Metal elements are easier to make yourself. This requires:
- Cut doors that will fit the selected dimensions.
- Weld the corners around the perimeter of the hatch. If the structure is large, then it needs to be fixed in the internal part.
- Lay polystyrene foam, the thickness of which will not exceed the height of the corner.
- Secure the insulation using a thin sheet of steel and self-tapping screws.
- Weld and secure the metal frame with an anchor.
- Attach reinforced hinges with a closer to one side of the frame, and a small strip of insulation to the other.
Don't forget to follow the steps for installing the hatch Important! All parts made of metal must first be coated with anti-corrosion agents or paint.
If the concrete floor is being laid at the same time as the entrance to the basement is being installed, then in order to bring the hatch level with the floor, you need to slightly recess the frame by 1-2 mm.
Precise adherence to the markings is required for hidden installation. On metal parts It is necessary to prepare holes for fastenings in advance with exact dimensions. In case of wooden hatches it is necessary to make holes 0.5-1 cm smaller than required, since the fibers may swell.
The last stage is installation. To do this, you need to place a bar under the end of the cover; its height will be equal to the gap that needs to be left. Fixation is carried out only with the lid open 90°. Upon completion of work, it is necessary to check the operation of the mechanism. When jammed in any area, it is necessary to shift and twist the hinges.
Finally
The entrance to the basement, located on the floor, is a convenient way to organize the entire space, both inside and outside the basement. A basement hatch with shock absorbers must meet all safety requirements and also be convenient to use.
You can install hatches under tiles yourself. To avoid possible mistakes, it is recommended to draw up a drawing of the entrance to the dungeon on shock absorbers in advance.
