Thermal stabilizer operating principle. — Design of soil thermal stabilization systems. Polymer rock sheet for protecting the insulated surface of pipelines
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely to the thermal stabilization of permafrost and weak soils. The technical result is to increase the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers, reduce installation time, and increase the reliability of the design. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures contains a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, while the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form vertical pipe, consisting of a capacitor body, a capacitor cap and two finned capacitors on the outside, the fin area of which is at least 2.3 m2, while the thermal stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. 1 ill.
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely the thermal stabilization of permafrost and soft soils.
It is known during the construction of capital structures, roads, overpasses, oil wells, tanks, etc. on permafrost soils it is necessary to apply special conservation measures temperature regime soils throughout the entire period of operation and prevent softening load-bearing foundations when defrosting. Most effective method are the location at the base of the structure of plastically frozen soil stabilizers, usually containing a system of pipes filled with refrigerant and connected by a condenser part (for example: RF patent application No. 93045813, No. 94027968, No. 2002121575, No. 2006111380, RF Patents No. 2384672, No. 2157872.
Typically, the installation of SPMG is carried out before the construction of structures: a foundation pit is prepared, backfilled sand cushion, install thermal stabilizers, fill the soil and install a layer of thermal insulation (Journal “Foundations, Foundations and Soil Mechanics”, No. 6, 2007, pp. 24-28). After completion of the construction of the structure, monitoring the operation of the thermal stabilizer and repairing individual parts is very difficult, which requires additional redundancy (Magazine " Gas industry", No. 9, 1991, p. 16-17). To improve the maintainability of thermal stabilizers, it is proposed to place them inside protective pipes with one plugged end, filled with liquid with high thermal conductivity (RF patent No. 2157872). Protective pipes are placed under the soil fill and a layer of thermal insulation with a slope of 0-10° to the longitudinal axis of the base. The open end of the pipe is located outside the contour of the soil fill. This design allows, in the event of a leak, deformation, or other defects in the cooling pipes, to remove them and produce Maintenance and install it back. However, in this case, the cost of the product increases significantly due to the use of protective pipes and special liquid.
Heat pipes are used to cool the soil at the base of structures during the operational period. various designs(RF patent No. 2327940, RF utility model patent No. 68108), installed in wells. To ensure ease of manufacture, transportation and installation of heat pipes, their body has at least one insert made in the form of a bellows (RF patent for utility model No. 83831). The insert is usually equipped with a rigid removable clip to fix the relative position of the body sections. The rigid cage may be perforated to fill the space between it and the bellows with soil in order to reduce thermal resistance. The heat pipe is supposed to be immersed in the well section by section, by static pressing. This results in large bending loads on the structure, which can lead to damage.
Close to the present invention is a method for removing sediment from embankments on permafrost by freezing thawing soils with long thermosiphons (JSC Russian Railways, Federal State Unitary Enterprise VNIIZhT, " Technical instructions to eliminate sediment from embankments on permafrost by freezing thawing soils with long thermosiphons" M., 2007). This method involves drilling several inclined wells towards each other from opposite ends of the structure, after which cooling devices (thermosiphons) are immersed to the final depth of the well with a static pressing load. As already noted, this creates significant destructive loads on structural elements cooling device.
The closest to the present invention is invention No. 2454506 C2 IPC E02D 3/115 (2006.01) “Cooling device for temperature stabilization perennial frozen soils and the method of mounting such a device.” This invention is aimed at improving the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers, reducing installation time, increasing the reliability of the design and replacement damaged areas At the same time, the installation cost of the device is reduced.
The stated technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation of a cooling device for temperature stabilization of permafrost soils includes:
Passing a through well;
Pulling in the direction opposite to the direction of drilling the thermal stabilizer well;
Installation of capacitors.
The thermal stabilizer (long thermosyphon) contains condenser and evaporator pipes filled with refrigerant, connected by bellows hoses (bellows). Each of the sleeves is reinforced with bandages. The condenser pipes are located at the edges of the thermal stabilizer and are pulled to a position where the condenser pipes are located above the ground surface.
Condensers (heat exchangers) include condenser pipes with cooling elements installed on them (flanges, disks, fins, etc. or radiators of a different design). Typically, the heat exchanger is installed by pressing disk flanges onto the condenser pipe. This method is the most convenient in such climatic conditions. If necessary, welding and installation by means of bolted connections. Capacitors of other designs can also be used within the scope of the present invention. The fact that the final installation of the condenser is carried out after pulling the thermal stabilizer through the well allows the use of wells of smaller diameter and does not require large material and labor costs.
Installing capacitors on both sides of the thermal stabilizer allows you to increase the efficiency of the device. And the installation method allows the use of heat stabilizers of much longer length and, as a result, significantly increase the cooling zone. One of the capacitors can be installed at the factory, which simplifies the installation procedure in difficult climatic conditions. (Because the present invention uses pulling instead of the usual procedure of pressing in the thermal stabilizer, the risk of damaging the capacitor when installing the thermal stabilizer is reduced.)
Thus, this invention improves the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers by changing the direction of installation of the thermal stabilizer; reduces the installation time of the device by reducing the number of operations and the ability to carry out work on one side of the structure; increases the reliability and safety of installation; simplifies the procedure for replacing damaged areas. Thanks to low cost installation work and the possibility of carrying them out already during the operation of the facility, it is more cost-effective to replace failed thermal stabilizers by laying additional lines than their dismantling and repair.
The disadvantage of the known technical solution is a complex structural solution and, as a result, a narrow scope of application due to the limited depth of the pile and deep freezing of the soil in other cases, as well as low coefficient beneficial effect due to horizontal system forced cooling.
The objective of the present invention is to create a rational, reliable soil thermal stabilizer that meets high technological and design requirements maintaining the temperature regime of soils throughout the entire period of operation, thanks to the compliance of the thermal stabilizer architectural features structures.
Thermal stabilizers are delivered to the installation site fully assembled and do not require assembly on site. At the same time, the thermal stabilizer is manufactured for seismic areas (up to 9 points on the MSK-64 scale) with a service life and a service life of the anti-corrosion coating of 50 years. The heat stabilizer has an anti-corrosion coating (zinc), made in the factory.
The thermal stabilizer is immersed immediately after drilling the well. The gap between the thermal stabilizer and the well wall is filled with a soil solution with a moisture content of 0.5 or higher. The soil drilled out when drilling a well or a clay-sand mixture is used.
The bottom level of the thermal stabilizer and the bottom level of the well are determined when installing the thermal stabilizer.
The essence of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1.
The thermal stabilizer consists of: thermal stabilizer capacitor 1, capacitor housing 2, capacitor cap 3, steel thermal stabilizer pipe 4, aluminum condenser pipe 5, thermal stabilizer mounting bracket 6, thermal stabilizer housing 7, thermal stabilizer tip 8, heat-insulating thermal stabilizer insert 9.
The thermal stabilizer capacitor 1 is made in the form of a vertical pipe - the capacitor body 2, consisting of a capacitor cap 3 and two finned capacitors on the outside, the fins are rolled by installing the aluminum pipe of the capacitor 5 close to the weld.
The fins are highly efficient, the helical direction of the turns is arbitrary. On the surface of the fins, deformation on turns of no more than 10 mm is allowed, coating the surface of the aluminum pipe after rolling is chemical passivation in a solution of alkali and salt. The fin area is at least 2.43 m2.
Effective cooling of the thermostabilizer is achieved due to large area fin surfaces.
The heat stabilizer body can be made of two or three parts, welded using an automatic welding installation steel pipes MD (non-standard seam, welding is performed with a rotating magnetically controlled arc).
The weld is tested for strength and tightness with air at an excess pressure of 6.0 MPa (60 kgf/cm2) under water.
Roll the fins of the condenser by installing an aluminum pipe with a cone close to the weld.
On the surface of the fins, deformation is allowed on turns with a depth of no more than 10 mm - linear, longitudinal and radial - helical, as well as up to seven turns from each end less than diameter 67. Coating the surface of the aluminum pipe after rolling is chemical passivation in a solution of alkali and salt. The fin area is at least 2.3 m2.
The heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. Slinging is carried out using a textile sling in the form of a loop, with a load capacity of 0.5 tons.
Thermal stabilizers have an external anti-corrosion zinc coating, made in the factory.
Climatic conditions for installation of thermal stabilizers:
Temperature not lower than minus 40°C;
Relative air humidity from 25 to 75%;
Atmospheric pressure 84.0-106.7 kPa (630-800 mmHg).
The location for installation of thermal stabilizers must meet the following conditions:
Have sufficient illumination, at least 200 lux;
Must be equipped with lifting mechanisms.
The gap between the thermal stabilizer and the well wall is filled with a soil solution with a moisture content of 0.5 or higher. The soil drilled during drilling of the well or a clay-sand mixture is used.
Thermal insulation of the thermostabilizer 9 is carried out in the seasonal thawing zone.
The steel for the steel pipes of the heat stabilizer is adapted to northern conditions and has an anti-corrosion zinc coating. The thermal stabilizer is lightweight due to its small diameter, while maintaining a wide radius of soil freezing.
Thermal stabilizers are delivered to the installation site fully assembled and do not require assembly on site. At the same time, the thermal stabilizer is designed for seismic areas (up to 9 points on the MSK-64 scale) with a service life of the anti-corrosion coating of 50 years. The heat stabilizer has an anti-corrosion coating (zinc), made in the factory.
A year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures, containing a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, characterized in that the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form of a vertical pipe consisting of a condenser body, a condenser cap and two finned capacitors on the outside, area the fins of which are at least 2.3 m 2, while the heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket.
Similar patents:
The proposed device relates to the construction of one-story buildings on permafrost soils with artificial cooling of the building foundation soils using heat pump and simultaneous heating of the building using a heat pump and additional source heat.
The invention relates to systems for cooling and freezing soils in mining construction in areas of permafrost (permafrost zone), characterized by the presence of natural brines with negative temperatures (cryopegs).
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, where thermal stabilization of permafrost and plastically frozen soils is used, and can be used to maintain their frozen state or freezing, including in wells that are unstable in the walls and prone to sliding and landslide formation.
The invention relates to the field of construction of structures in complex engineering and geological conditions of the permafrost zone. The invention is aimed at creating deep thermosyphons with ultra-deep underground evaporators, about 50-100 m or more, with a uniform temperature distribution over the surface of the evaporator located in the ground, which makes it possible to more effectively use its potential power to remove heat from the ground and increase the energy efficiency of the device used .
The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of production or residential complexes on permafrost. The technical result is to ensure a stable low permafrost temperature in the foundation soils of a construction complex in the presence of a bulk leveling soil layer. The technical result is achieved in that the site for a construction complex on permafrost contains a bulk grading layer of soil located on the natural surface of the soil within the construction complex, while the bulk grading layer of soil contains a cooling tier located directly on the natural surface of the soil, and located on the cooling tier there is a protective tier, while the cooling tier contains a cooling system in the form of hollow horizontal pipes, located parallel to the upper surface of the site, and vertical hollow pipes, the bottom of which is adjacent to the horizontal pipes on top and the cavity of which is connected to the cavity of the horizontal pipes, while their upper end has a plug, the vertical pipe intersects the protective tier and borders on the outside air, and the protective tier contains a layer thermal insulation material, located directly on the cooling tier and protected from above by a layer of soil. 1 salary f-ly, 4 ill.
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely to the thermal stabilization of permafrost and soft soils. The technical result is to increase the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers, reduce installation time, and increase the reliability of the design. The technical result is achieved by the fact that a year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures contains a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, while the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form of a vertical pipe consisting of a condenser body, a condenser cap and two finned capacitors with an external sides, the fin area of which is at least 2.3 m2, while the heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. 1 ill.
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely to the thermal stabilization of permafrost and soft soils. The technical result is to increase the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers, reduce installation time, and increase the reliability of the design. The technical result is achieved by the fact that a year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures contains a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, while the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form of a vertical pipe consisting of a condenser body, a condenser cap and two finned capacitors with an external sides, the fin area of which is at least 2.3 m 2, while the heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. 1 ill.
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely the thermal stabilization of permafrost and soft soils.
It is known during the construction of capital structures, roads, overpasses, oil wells, tanks, etc. on permafrost soils, it is necessary to apply special measures to maintain the temperature regime of the soils throughout the entire period of operation and to prevent softening of the load-bearing foundations during thawing. The most effective method is the placement of plastic-frozen soil stabilizers at the base of the structure, usually containing a system of pipes filled with refrigerant and connected by a condenser part (for example: RF patent application No. 93045813, No. 94027968, No. 2002121575, No. 2006111380, RF Patents No. 2384672, No. 2157872 .
Typically, the installation of SPMG is carried out before the construction of structures: a pit is prepared, a sand cushion is poured, thermal stabilizers are installed, soil is filled and a layer of thermal insulation is installed (Journal "Foundations, Foundations and Soil Mechanics", No. 6, 2007, pp. 24-28). After completion of the construction of the structure, monitoring the operation of the thermal stabilizer and repairing individual parts is very difficult, which requires additional redundancy (Journal "Gas Industry", No. 9, 1991, pp. 16-17). To improve the maintainability of thermal stabilizers, it is proposed to place them inside protective pipes with one plugged end, filled with liquid with high thermal conductivity (RF patent No. 2157872). Protective pipes are placed under the soil fill and a layer of thermal insulation with a slope of 0-10° to the longitudinal axis of the base. The open end of the pipe is located outside the contour of the soil fill. This design allows, in the event of a leak, deformation, or other defects in the cooling pipes, to remove them, carry out routine repairs, and install them back. However, in this case, the cost of the product increases significantly due to the use of protective pipes and special liquid.
To cool the soil at the base of structures during the operational period, heat pipes of various designs are used (RF patent No. 2327940, RF utility model patent No. 68108), installed in wells. To ensure ease of manufacture, transportation and installation of heat pipes, their body has at least one insert made in the form of a bellows (RF patent for utility model No. 83831). The insert is usually equipped with a rigid removable clip to fix the relative position of the body sections. The rigid cage may be perforated to fill the space between it and the bellows with soil in order to reduce thermal resistance. The heat pipe is supposed to be immersed in the well section by section, by static pressing. This results in large bending loads on the structure, which can lead to damage.
Close to the present invention is a method for eliminating sediment of embankments on permafrost by freezing thawing soils with long thermosiphons (JSC Russian Railways, FSUE VNIIZhT, “Technical instructions for eliminating sediment of embankments on permafrost by freezing thawing soils with long thermosiphons” M., 2007). This method involves drilling several inclined wells towards each other from opposite ends of the structure, after which cooling devices (thermosiphons) are immersed to the final depth of the well with a static pressing load. As already noted, this creates significant destructive loads on the structural elements of the cooling device.
The closest to the present invention is invention No. 2454506 C2 MPK E02D 3/115 (2006.01) “Cooling device for temperature stabilization of permafrost soils and a method for installing such a device.” This invention is aimed at improving the manufacturability of the process of installing long-length thermal stabilizers, reducing installation time, increasing the reliability of the structure and replacing damaged areas, while simultaneously reducing the cost of installing the device.
The stated technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation of a cooling device for temperature stabilization of permafrost soils includes:
Passing a through well;
Pulling in the direction opposite to the direction of drilling the thermal stabilizer well;
Installation of capacitors.
The thermal stabilizer (long thermosyphon) contains condenser and evaporator pipes filled with refrigerant, connected by bellows hoses (bellows). Each of the sleeves is reinforced with bandages. The condenser pipes are located at the edges of the thermal stabilizer and are pulled to a position where the condenser pipes are located above the ground surface.
Condensers (heat exchangers) include condenser pipes with cooling elements installed on them (flanges, disks, fins, etc. or radiators of a different design). Typically, the heat exchanger is installed by pressing disk flanges onto the condenser pipe. This method is the most convenient in such climatic conditions. If necessary, welding and installation using bolted connections can be used. Capacitors of other designs can also be used within the scope of the present invention. The fact that the final installation of the condenser is carried out after pulling the thermal stabilizer through the well allows the use of wells of smaller diameter and does not require large material and labor costs.
Installing capacitors on both sides of the thermal stabilizer allows you to increase the efficiency of the device. And the installation method allows the use of heat stabilizers of much longer length and, as a result, significantly increase the cooling zone. One of the capacitors can be installed at the factory, which simplifies the installation procedure in difficult climatic conditions. (Because the present invention uses pulling instead of the usual procedure of pressing in the thermal stabilizer, the risk of damaging the capacitor when installing the thermal stabilizer is reduced.)
Thus, this invention improves the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers by changing the direction of installation of the thermal stabilizer; reduces the installation time of the device by reducing the number of operations and the ability to carry out work on one side of the structure; increases the reliability and safety of installation; simplifies the procedure for replacing damaged areas. Due to the low cost of installation work and the possibility of carrying it out already during the operation of the facility, it is more cost-effective to replace failed thermal stabilizers by laying additional lines than to dismantle and repair them.
The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the complex structural solution and, as a result, a narrow scope of application due to the limited depth of the pile and deep freezing of the soil in other cases, as well as the low efficiency due to the horizontal forced-action cooling system.
The objective of the present invention is to create a rational, reliable thermal stabilizer for soils that meets high technological and design requirements for maintaining the temperature regime of soils throughout the entire period of operation, due to the compliance of the thermal stabilizer with the architectural features of the structure.
Thermal stabilizers are delivered to the installation site fully assembled and do not require assembly on site. At the same time, the thermal stabilizer is manufactured for seismic areas (up to 9 points on the MSK-64 scale) with a service life and a service life of the anti-corrosion coating of 50 years. The heat stabilizer has an anti-corrosion coating (zinc), made in the factory.
The thermal stabilizer is immersed immediately after drilling the well. The gap between the thermal stabilizer and the well wall is filled with a soil solution with a moisture content of 0.5 or higher. The soil drilled out when drilling a well or a clay-sand mixture is used.
The bottom level of the thermal stabilizer and the bottom level of the well are determined when installing the thermal stabilizer.
The essence of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1.
The thermal stabilizer consists of: thermal stabilizer capacitor 1, capacitor housing 2, capacitor cap 3, steel thermal stabilizer pipe 4, aluminum condenser pipe 5, thermal stabilizer mounting bracket 6, thermal stabilizer housing 7, thermal stabilizer tip 8, heat-insulating thermal stabilizer insert 9.
The thermal stabilizer capacitor 1 is made in the form of a vertical pipe - the capacitor body 2, consisting of a capacitor cap 3 and two finned capacitors on the outside, the fins are rolled by installing the aluminum pipe of the capacitor 5 close to the weld.
The fins are highly efficient, the helical direction of the turns is arbitrary. On the surface of the fins, deformation on turns of no more than 10 mm is allowed, coating the surface of the aluminum pipe after rolling is chemical passivation in a solution of alkali and salt. The fin area is at least 2.43 m2.
Effective cooling of the thermal stabilizer is achieved due to the large surface area of the fins.
The heat stabilizer body can be made of two or three parts, welded using an automatic welding machine for steel pipes MD (the seam is non-standard, welding is performed with a rotating magnetically controlled arc).
The weld is tested for strength and tightness with air at an excess pressure of 6.0 MPa (60 kgf/cm2) under water.
Roll the fins of the condenser by installing an aluminum pipe with a cone close to the weld.
On the surface of the fins, deformation is allowed on turns with a depth of no more than 10 mm - linear, longitudinal and radial - helical, as well as up to seven turns from each end less than diameter 67. Coating the surface of the aluminum pipe after rolling is chemical passivation in a solution of alkali and salt. The fin area is at least 2.3 m2.
The heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. Slinging is carried out using a textile sling in the form of a loop, with a load capacity of 0.5 tons.
Thermal stabilizers have an external anti-corrosion zinc coating, made in the factory.
Climatic conditions for installation of thermal stabilizers:
Temperature not lower than minus 40°C;
Relative air humidity from 25 to 75%;
Atmospheric pressure 84.0-106.7 kPa (630-800 mmHg).
The location for installation of thermal stabilizers must meet the following conditions:
Have sufficient illumination, at least 200 lux;
Must be equipped with lifting mechanisms.
The gap between the thermal stabilizer and the well wall is filled with a soil solution with a moisture content of 0.5 or higher. The soil drilled during drilling of the well or a clay-sand mixture is used.
Thermal insulation of the thermostabilizer 9 is carried out in the seasonal thawing zone.
The steel for the steel pipes of the heat stabilizer is adapted to northern conditions and has an anti-corrosion zinc coating. The thermal stabilizer is lightweight due to its small diameter, while maintaining a wide radius of soil freezing.
Thermal stabilizers are delivered to the installation site fully assembled and do not require assembly on site. At the same time, the thermal stabilizer is designed for seismic areas (up to 9 points on the MSK-64 scale) with a service life of the anti-corrosion coating of 50 years. The heat stabilizer has an anti-corrosion coating (zinc), made in the factory.
A year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures, containing a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, characterized in that the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form of a vertical pipe consisting of a condenser body, a condenser cap and two finned capacitors on the outside, area the fins of which are at least 2.3 m 2, while the heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket.
Similar patents:
The proposed device relates to the construction of one-story buildings on permafrost soils with artificial cooling of the soil of the building's foundation using a heat pump and simultaneous heating of the building using a heat pump and an additional heat source.
The invention relates to systems for cooling and freezing soils in mining construction in areas of permafrost (permafrost zone), characterized by the presence of natural brines with negative temperatures (cryopegs).
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, where thermal stabilization of permafrost and plastically frozen soils is used, and can be used to maintain their frozen state or freezing, including in wells that are unstable in the walls and prone to sliding and landslide formation.
The invention relates to the field of construction of structures in complex engineering and geological conditions of the permafrost zone. The invention is aimed at creating deep thermosyphons with ultra-deep underground evaporators, about 50-100 m or more, with a uniform temperature distribution over the surface of the evaporator located in the ground, which makes it possible to more effectively use its potential power to remove heat from the ground and increase the energy efficiency of the device used .
The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of industrial or residential complexes on permafrost. The technical result is to ensure a stable low permafrost temperature in the foundation soils of a construction complex in the presence of a bulk leveling soil layer. The technical result is achieved in that the site for a construction complex on permafrost contains a bulk grading layer of soil located on the natural surface of the soil within the construction complex, while the bulk grading layer of soil contains a cooling tier located directly on the natural surface of the soil, and located on the cooling tier there is a protective tier, wherein the cooling tier contains a cooling system in the form of hollow horizontal pipes located parallel to the upper surface of the platform, and vertical hollow pipes, the bottom of which is adjacent to the horizontal pipes on top and the cavity of which is connected to the cavity of the horizontal pipes, while their upper end has plug, a vertical pipe crosses the protective tier and borders on the outside air, and the protective tier contains a layer of heat-insulating material located directly on the cooling tier and protected from above by a layer of soil. 1 salary f-ly, 4 ill.
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely to the thermal stabilization of permafrost and soft soils. The technical result is to increase the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers, reduce installation time, and increase the reliability of the design. The technical result is achieved by the fact that a year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures contains a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, while the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form of a vertical pipe consisting of a condenser body, a condenser cap and two finned capacitors with an external sides, the fin area of which is at least 2.3 m2, while the heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. 1 ill.
NPO Fundamentstroyarkos LLC is the largest enterprise in Russia producing temperature stabilization systems for permafrost soils. The company's production facilities have no analogues in the world, both in terms of manufacturability and volume of products.
Product output per month reaches up to 10,000 individual thermal stabilizers and 100 HET/BET systems. The company's production area is 17,150 sq.m.
In the manufacture of seasonal cooling devices in the production complex of NPO Fundamentstroyarkos, new, advanced technologies are used, which ensures the quality and efficiency of their work.
AUTOMATIC WELDING OF STEEL PIPES
The reliability of cryogenic devices filled with refrigerant and their ability to serve for decades depend, first of all, on the tightness of the structure, that is, on the quality of the welding seams. In order to minimize the impact of the human factor on quality welded joints, NPO "Fundamentstroyarkos" uses automatic contact - butt welding an arc rotating in a magnetic field. The diameter of welded steel pipes is from 33.7 to 89 mm.
Advantages of automatic rotating arc welding:
- high productivity (welding duration up to 15 seconds);
- absolute tightness of the welded joint;
- equal strength of the weld and the pipe body;
- minimum height of external and internal flashing;
- absence of necessity non-destructive testing welds;
- high degree of automation.
Computer control of welding parameters in the manufacture of heat stabilizers is carried out 100% by the operator and the technical control department.
After welding each weld, data about the welded joint is automatically displayed on the computer monitor, then a conclusion about the suitability or unsuitability of the joint is displayed.
Along with computer control of welds, visual measurement control (VII) and periodic mechanical tests for tensile and bending are performed.
ROBOTIC WELDING COMPLEX
To automate the welding process of heat-transfer elements of capacitor units, a robotic welding complex with numerical program control is used.
This unique equipment allows automatic consumable electrode welding in shielding gases and mixtures. Welding torches are installed on two manipulators and positioned in space with six degrees of freedom. Welding is performed with two torches simultaneously according to a program preset by the operator.
Reliable welding sources together with the original CNC system ensure repeatability of weld geometry and their quality, with minimal impact on welding from the human factor.
GALVANIZING
The use of zinc coating pipes and parts, especially those located underground.
The automatic line for applying protective zinc coating consists of 4 sections: pipe preparation, degreasing, shot blasting and application of zinc coating using gas-thermal electric arc metallization.
In addition to corrosion resistance in the soil, the zinc coating significantly reduces temperature losses, which allows the soil temperature to be reduced by an additional 2-3 C.
FINING
The most important integral part soil thermal stabilization systems is fast and stable heat transfer from the condenser part.
To quickly remove heat and condense the refrigerant, NPO Fundamentstroyarkos LLC uses original bimetallic structures with a finned surface, which have advantages over the developments of competitors. A larger fin surface area results in a significant increase in heat transfer. In addition, aluminum alloys are used with a thermal conductivity coefficient 4 times greater than that of steel with paint coating used by competitors.
The original design of the finned capacitor part ensures it efficient work in any direction of wind or forced cooling air flow.
AUTOMATIC REFRIGERANT CHARGING
The process of filling thermostabilizers with refrigerant has been brought to full automation, with 100% computer control. One of the directions for increasing the efficiency of thermostabilizing systems is the use of “clean” refrigerants with a degree of purification from impurities (water and non-condensing gases) of 100%.
Studies have shown that even 0.2% impurities in carbon dioxide can significantly affect the operation of thermal stabilizers. To carry out additional purification of carbon dioxide, NPO Fundamentstroyarkos has manufactured and put into operation a 4-stage carbon dioxide purification unit, which makes it possible to avoid using CO2 as supplied and to obtain a 100th degree of purification.
TESTING HEAT STABILIZERS IN A CLIMATE CHAMBER
Especially important stage in the production of individual thermal stabilizers - testing of finished cooling devices for performance in special climatic chambers.
Carrying out tests on a daily basis allows us to evaluate the subsequent performance of thermal stabilizers even at the production stage, while immediately eliminating inoperative devices; previously this could only be done after installing cooling devices.
The climate chamber allows for research work to improve and modernize thermal stabilizers. The installation is equipped with control and measuring instruments that provide automatic data collection from the experimental thermal stabilizer.
LASER CUTTING AND BENDING OF SHEET MATERIALS
LLC NPO "Fundamentstroyarkos" has its own production facilities for processing sheet metal and steel pipes. High-tech Swiss equipment with numerical control is used.
A laser and plasma cutting installation for sheet metal processing allows high-quality and fast industrial cutting of parts of various configurations. The press brake with a bending force of 250 tons and three-point sheet bending technology ensures bending accuracy (0.25 degrees) on the finished part in 15 minutes.
PLASMA CUTTING OF STEEL PIPE AND SHEET METAL
5-axis plasma pipe cutting installations make it possible to efficiently and quickly prepare steel pipe blanks for assembly and welding.
With one installation, we get a finished part with cut holes for reinforcement, already with a chamfer. The part is cut both at right angles and with a bevel for welding. Marking, drilling, chamfering manually are eliminated, the time for manufacturing parts is reduced by at least 2 times.
The diameter of the processed pipes is 40…430 mm. The length of the processed pipe is up to 6000 mm.
PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION
Each package containing Fundamentstroyarkos products undergoes the following control operations before shipment to the consumer:
- control of products before they are placed in packaging;
- quality control of boxes and lids before installation;
- control of product placement in packaging;
- quality control of assembled packaging (with products inside);
- control of packaging labeling, application of automatic transmission, availability of accompanying documentation.
High quality packaging finished products, eliminating damage during transportation - a significant advantage of Fundamentstroyarkos over its competitors. Thermal stabilizers and GET/VET systems are delivered from Tyumen to facilities under construction by all means of transport.
When delivering to the Far North, combined logistics is often used:
- By railway with reloading onto vehicles;
- by road and then by air;
- by rail with transshipment onto barges, and then air transportation, or by road along the winter road;
- any other options that involve not only loading and unloading, but also complex transshipment operations.
That's why original designs and packaging diagrams of NPO FSA LLC exclude external influence on cargo and displacement of packaged products during transportation and loading - unloading works. All boxes are marked indicating the center of gravity and slinging locations. Inside the boxes, the cargo is securely secured, the effects of shocks and impacts (railway transportation), uneven roads and winter roads are provided for, possible mistakes third-party organizations in complex logistics.
Designed for cooling (freezing) soils in order to increase their bearing capacity, as well as to ensure sustainability, operational reliability any types of bases.
Application area
- during the construction, operation and repair of oil and gas transportation systems;
- arrangement of oil and gas fields, as well as supports for overhead pipelines;
- during the construction, operation and repair of transport construction facilities, power lines and lighting poles;
- during the construction of railways and highways, permafrost curtains, water intakes, dams, ice islands, roads, crossings and other structures for industrial and civil purposes in cryolithozone conditions.
Soil thermal stabilizers are a hermetically welded metal pipe filled with refrigerant with a diameter of 32 to 57 mm, a length of 6 to 16 m or more. It consists of a condenser with fins (above-ground part with a length of 1-2.5 meters) and an evaporator (underground part with a length of 5 to 15 m or more).
The capacitor fin material is aluminum. The number of fins per 1 m/p is about 400 pieces, the fin pitch is 2.5 mm, the fin diameter is 64 and 70 mm, the fin height is up to 15 mm. The heat exchange area of 1 m/n fins is up to 2.2 m².
Work is carried out without external sources supply, only due to the laws of physics - heat transfer due to the evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator and its rise to the condenser part, where the steam condenses, giving off heat, and then flows down the internal walls pipes down.
Thermal stabilizers are divided into two types: single-section and multi-section.
The technology for thermal stabilization of frozen soils of bases and foundations is an effective measure to protect frozen soils (FMS) from degradation. The use of thermal stabilization technology makes it possible to protect MMG from the effects of nearby heat-generating objects, to create winter time crossings, roads and ice islands for drilling wells.
The choice of technology (methods) for active thermal stabilization of soils, as well as types and models of vehicles, is determined design features buildings, structures and technological features their construction and operation. OS and TS are autonomous refrigeration devices, working at the expense low temperatures atmospheric air in the cold season and do not require any costs during operation.
