Low and high room temperatures are acceptable. Temperature standards in a residential area during the heating season. In corner apartments
According to GOST 30494-96, which determines the parameters of the microclimate in residential and public premises, in the cold season the optimal air temperature in the kitchen and toilet is considered to be 19-21°C, in the bathroom and combined toilet - 24-26°C, in the bedroom and others living rooms ah, intended for relaxation and training sessions- 20-22°C, in the lobby and storerooms - 16-18°C. At the same time, in areas with low temperatures reaching -31°C and below, heating of rooms to 21-23°C is provided. Acceptable standards for a comfortable stay in living rooms, values within the range of 18-24°C are considered; for the kitchen, toilet and bathroom this figure varies in the range of 18-26°C, for the pantry - 12-22°C. And in areas with low temperatures, heating of residential premises to 20-24°C is allowed.
IN warm time year, the optimal air temperature for living rooms and recreation rooms is considered to be a range of values equal to 22-25 ° C, but fluctuations within the range of 20-28 ° C are also acceptable. At night, the temperature difference can be no more than 3 degrees.
Optimal temperature for a children's room is 23°C. It is advisable to maintain the air temperature at the same level all the time using heating devices so that while the baby is changing clothes and sleeping, he does not become hypothermic. It is recommended to maintain high humid air using special humidifiers.
What to do if the apartment is too cold
The beginning of the heating season in apartment buildings occurs when the outside air temperature drops below +8°C. Utilities compare average daily temperatures over five days. Apartments must be heated. The law allows minor interruptions in heating within 24 hours, while a one-time heating shutdown cannot exceed 16 hours if the air temperature in residential premises is between 12 and 22 degrees.
If the apartment is too cold or hot, residents have the right to file a written complaint and send it to the emergency dispatch service. The document is assigned a registration number. Next, utility services are required to inspect the premises and draw up an act on the basis of which a recalculation of utility payments is possible. If technical supervisors identify gross violations, utility services are obliged to correct the situation within 2-7 days; otherwise, apartment-by-apartment recalculation of utility payments is made according to the footage of the apartments.
For comfortable stay It is necessary to maintain a certain level of room temperature in the apartment. The norm may vary depending on climatic environment and time of year, as well as the needs of the body. Deviation from the norm can lead to poor health or the development of diseases.
Be sure to monitor the room temperature
Feeling good when the body overheats
Regardless of the season, too hot conditions in the apartment can cause poor health. A comfortable temperature for a person should not exceed or be equal to +26 degrees.
When the body overheats, the heart is the first to suffer. The heat causes the body to spend large quantity fluid, which thickens the blood and makes it harder for the heart to pump blood. Therefore, people with cardiovascular problems are advised to carefully monitor the temperature at home.
In this video you will learn what the temperature in the room should be:
Dry and hot air often leads to dehydration. To normalize body temperature, a person sweats profusely, which causes fluid loss. Because signs of dehydration appear gradually, you may not have time to replenish your water balance. Prolonged dehydration can lead to performance problems nervous system, dry skin and constant fatigue.
In addition, maintaining a hot atmosphere leads to reproduction harmful bacteria. Warmth is the main condition for creating a favorable environment for the appearance of bacteria. To avoid unwanted infections, you should adhere to the recommended temperature regime for winter and summer.
The effect of hypothermia on well-being
If a sufficient level of heat is not maintained in winter, there is a risk of developing a mild stage of hypothermia. Decline ambient temperature causes increased heat transfer from the body. Being in a cold room is quite for a long time, the body can no longer replenish heat loss and maintain the required temperature (not lower than 36 degrees). Hypothermia can cause a number of diseases:
- ARVI;
- disorders of the nervous system;
- inflammatory processes.
Various diseases have several reasons, for example, hypothermia It is especially important to support comfortable environment in children's rooms, since the body of young children is not able to retain enough heat on its own.
Thus, the minimum room temperature is the number of degrees the body needs to maintain heat.
Room temperature standards
The optimal room temperature for a person largely depends on individual needs and other factors. On state level this value is regulated by the document GOST 30494–2011 and R 51617−2000. According to GOST, standard parameters indoor microclimate are:
- living rooms - from +20 to 23 degrees. Celsius;
- kitchen and toilet - from +18 to 21 degrees. Celsius;
- bathroom - from +23 to 25 degrees. Celsius;
- corridor, pantry, staircase - from +14 to 19 degrees. Celsius;
- V summer period- from +24 to 28 degrees. Celsius;
- in winter - from +22 to 24 degrees. Celsius.
In winter, the temperature in the premises should be 3-4 degrees higher than in summer Depending on the purpose of the room, average temperature conditions are determined. For example, it is better to sleep in a well-ventilated room with a temperature of about 22 degrees. In a hotter environment it will be more difficult to sleep, and in a cold environment you will have nightmares.
If the question concerns a children's bedroom, then the temperature in the room should be adjusted depending on the age of the child. Thus, for the baby’s comfortable well-being, it is best to adhere to the maximum permissible temperature regime (+23…+24 degrees). As they grow older, the norm will decrease to the minimum levels comfortable for adults (+19…+20 degrees).
The bathroom with the highest humidity in the apartment, so following standards sanitary rules and norms (SANPIN) in the bathroom is important for personal hygiene. If the indicator deviates from the norm, dampness occurs in the bathroom and mold begins to form.
The appropriate temperature in the kitchen is determined by the type household appliances, which are used in the kitchen, as well as the intensity of their use. Thus, if the kettle and stove are often used in the kitchen, the temperature in the room will be too hot, so you should reduce the degree. However, when using electrical appliances, the temperature in the room will not change, since such devices have a lower level of heat transfer.
Factors that determine comfortable conditions
Standard indicators comfortable temperature indoors for humans are based on ideal conditions in which there are no significant seasonal variations, no additional measures of increasing or decreasing temperature are used, and all people have the same preferences. In life definition optimal conditions living room may depend on a number of factors:
- Various climate zones.
- Significant fluctuations in outside temperature.
- Features of the structure of the house (in brick heat holds better than panel ones).
- Human factor. Some people enjoy being in a well-ventilated area, while other people prefer air-conditioned air.
- Women prefer warmth, and men - vice versa. Children feel comfortable staying in a room where it’s +21…+23 degrees.
Given the different preferences of each person, it is recommended to adhere to standard norms. The temperature in the room should be comfortable for a particular person.
Self-measurement of deviations and adjustment
In order to maintain normal temperature regime, it is necessary to constantly monitor changes in the microclimate of the apartment.
To get detailed information about what the air temperature and humidity level are, you can use a regular thermometer and hygrometer.
Measuring instruments should be placed at a distance of at least 1 meter from the external walls and at a height of at least 1.4 meters. If there is a suspicion that the temperature balance in the room has been disturbed, it is recommended to carry out control measurements every hour during the day.
In case of deviation from the standard by 3 degrees during the day or 5 degrees at night, you can submit a report on the measurements taken, on the basis of which payment for utilities will be recalculated.
You can adjust the microclimate of the room yourself using one of the methods:
- ventilation of rooms using a draft;
- using an air conditioner that can heat or cool the air, as well as ventilate, purify and humidify it;
- install traditional heat sources - convectors or electric fireplaces.
It is important to remember that in winter the average room temperature should not fall below 19 degrees Celsius. A significant decrease in temperature is a sign of poor quality heating services.
When it comes to paying for utilities, many residents of apartment buildings complain that the temperature in their apartments in winter did not meet the standards. As a result, consumers have to overpay for services that they did not receive in full.
This means that the temperature of the coolant in the heating radiators was below normal. To understand this issue, it is necessary to consider the standards that have been developed government agencies, valid throughout Russia during the winter season.
Begins heating season in autumn, when the air temperature outside the window drops below +8 °C. But this takes into account the fact that this indicator lasts for at least five days.
If an abrupt change occurs, for example, two days +5 °C, one day +10 °C, the next two days +7 °C, then the heating in apartment buildings does not turn on. Switching off occurs when the thermometer rises above +8 °C. The same norms apply with a five-day condition.
Standards
Heating standards are legalized, that is, violation of them is subject to administrative or criminal punishment. All of them are determined by SNiPs, which is the law for public utilities. So, here is a list of the basic standards in force for residential and non-residential premises in apartment buildings:
- +18 °C in the living areas of the apartment;
- if the apartment is corner, then +20 °C;
- in the kitchen the temperature should be at least +18 °C;
- in the bathroom +25 °C;
- on the staircase and in the lobby (if such a room is present) not lower than +16 °C;
- in the elevator temperature norm+5 °C;
- in the attic and basement +4°C.
How to take measurements correctly?
Measurement of air temperature inside residential premises of apartment buildings is done in certain places. From external walls at a distance of 1.0 m, from the floor at a height of 1.5 m. Control measurements are taken every hour during the day. In this case, it is the decrease in temperature from the standard that is taken into account. If this fact is confirmed, then apartment residents can pay 0.15% less for services.
In this case, a report of the measurements taken must be drawn up, one copy of which remains in the hands of the residents. Please note that utility workers will correct all shortcomings within a week, so do not disturb them and remind them every day.
There is one more point that needs to be paid attention to. If the temperature in the heating radiators was below normal by 3 °C during the day and by 5 °C at night, then the management company must recalculate utilities.
By the way, the amount of rent reduction will depend on the size of the apartment. And the higher it is, the less you will have to pay.
There is one more standard on which the quality and comfort of living in an apartment depends multi-storey building– frequency of air exchange. That is, there are certain indicators that are based on sanitary and hygienic standards that require the air in the apartment to be constantly changed.
In residential premises with an area of 18-20 m², the air exchange should be 3 m³/h per person square meter. In kitchens this figure is 60 m³/h, this is if it has hob with two burners. If a three-burner stove is used, then 75 m³/h, and a four-burner stove – 90 m³/h.
In the bathroom, this indicator will depend entirely on its area. For example, an area of 25 m² – air exchange rate is 25 m³/h. If the area is the same, but in the bathroom, then 50 m³/h. The toilet has 25 m³/h with an area of 16 m².
These two standards are related. You cannot ensure that the temperature in the apartment meets the standards, and air exchange is not taken into account. Or vice versa. Everything must be taken into account comprehensively. Only then will it be possible to talk about comfortable living conditions.
How to measure the coolant temperature?
Maybe not everyone knows, but the hot water that flows from the tap in the hot water supply system is the coolant flowing through the heating pipes.
Easy way
Therefore, if you want to check its temperature yourself, just use a thermometer to measure hot water poured, for example, into a glass.
Its temperature limits: 50-70 °C. There may be deviations, but only upward, and only by 4 degrees.
Measuring the heating level of heating devices
There are other ways to measure temperature limits. To do this, you will have to measure this indicator at pipes or heating radiators. This can be done with an infrared pyrometer thermometer or a regular alcohol thermometer. In the second case, the measuring device is applied to a pipe or battery and covered with insulation.
Measurements using an electric thermometer
There is a more complex measuring device - an electric thermometer.
Its thermocouples are applied to the plane of a pipe or radiator, they are secured and measurements are taken, including the “Measure temperature” function.
Instrument corrections
Typically, each device has its own deviation scale. For example, for alcohol - up to 2 °C, for infrared - 0.5 °C. Therefore, after all measurements have been taken, it is necessary to add 1-2 °C to the resulting digital indicator.
What to do next?
If the result of the measurements is not satisfactory to you, and you think that the temperature of the coolant does not correspond to the norm, then you need to write a statement to the management company. A commission should come from her and make their measurements. All their actions must comply with the rules of GOST 30494-90 “Control Methods”. At the same time, employees must use measuring instrument, registered and having a quality certificate.
The device must meet certain technical characteristics:
- temperature range from +5 °C to +40 °C;
- measurement error – 0.1 °C.
Temperature dependence
There is a certain dependence of the air temperature inside residential premises on the air temperature outside the window. This dependence determines the supply of coolant with a certain heating level. During the heating season, this indicator may change daily, or may not change for months.
In 2003, Gosstroy issued a decree that precisely defined the temperature parameters of the coolant. Please note that these are only taken into account for bottom feeds hot water. Several positions:
- air temperature outside +5 °C, in the supply circuit of the heating system +50 °C, in the return circuit +39 °C;
- outdoors 0 °C, supply +65 °C, return +48 °C;
- outside –5°C, supply +78°C, return +56°C.
Dependency on system type
And one more point that determines the temperature regime. If in apartment building two-pipe installed heating system, then the coolant temperature should be +95 °C.
If the system is single-pipe, then the norm is increased to +105 °C. But keep in mind that in corner apartments temperature indicator the air will still be lower.
