Heating industrial premises - choosing a rational solution. What type of heating to choose for large industrial premises Heating devices for industrial premises
Industrial systems air heating
widely used for heating production workshops, warehouses, construction sites, various commercial facilities, agro-industrial enterprises and agriculture.
The air supplied to the premises has a temperature of +40 – 50 o C and is distributed through a system of air ducts having a variable cross-section.
Industrial air heating cost-effective, it can be combined with a ventilation system, which significantly reduces total cost.
But due to low specific heat capacity air and large heat loads, the use of air for heating purposes is effective when large volumes of warm air are supplied, which in turn leads to huge oversized air ducts and powerful fans that require significant energy expenditure to transport air.
However, industrial air heating is currently most widely used in modern enterprises and objects.
Equipment for industrial air heating
Heating the air in the supply ventilation unit.
The supply unit has a unit, usually with an electric heater or a water heat exchanger.
The air supplied to the premises, passing through this unit, is heated and distributed through air ducts, ventilation and heating of the premises occurs.
Air heating in special installation(heat generator, air heater, etc.) 
Heat generators
installed indoors or outdoors, their power is calculated based on the total heat losses of the object, which must be compensated by the supply of warm air. Air distribution is also carried out through air ducts.
The efficiency of these installations is very high and can reach 95 – 98%. Air is heated by combustion natural gas or liquid fuel with a burner, while the high-temperature combustion products, passing through the heat exchanger, give off their heat to it, which in turn heats the air supplied to the premises. With this method of heating the air, it is possible to reach the temperature of the air leaving the heat generator up to +90 o C.
Heat generators
have a powerful supply fan high performance, providing the supply of several thousand cubic meters warm air per hour and therefore, when designing, air heating and ventilation are often combined, thereby reducing the overall cost of the systems.
Heat generators
or air heaters have a wide range of thermal powers - from approximately 10 to 1000 or more kilowatts of thermal power and a variety of designs that allow them to be installed on the floor, on walls or under the ceiling indoors, as well as outside, next to the heated room or directly on the roof building.
Basically, heat generators “work” on a system of metal air ducts that distribute air across several rooms and over a large area at once.
Air heating by small, low-power units distributed throughout the room.
Often, small-power installations are used to heat large areas and volumes - fan heaters.
Fan heaters
Structurally they consist of a fan, a heat exchanger or heating element and a control unit.
Hot water is supplied centrally from the boiler room to each room fan heater
.
Passing through the heat exchanger fan heater,
hot water or other coolant transfers part of the heat to the air, which is blown through the heat exchanger using a fan and through a guide grille or louvers it enters directly into the air environment of the room.
This method of heating premises is convenient when it is necessary to heat large areas at relatively low heights of production or storage facilities.
In this case, there is no need to install a cumbersome network of supply air ducts, although you will have to lay pipelines to each fan heater
to ensure the supply of coolant (water or antifreeze).
Application of industrial heat generators
Industrial heating workshop
Energy-efficient air heating in a factory can solve the problem of maintaining effective control temperatures in production premises.
We have solutions for air heating of large open and rack storage warehouses with small industrial units - floor or suspended heat generators running on gas or diesel fuel, as well as fan heaters using air for heating hot water.
Frost protection or complete warehouse heating – we tailor our solutions to your specific requirements.
Our specialists will inspect your warehouse free of charge, provide assistance and give recommendations on heating the warehouse, taking into account the storage features - open or on racks.
Industrial heating workshop
Energy-efficient factory air heating can solve the problem of maintaining effective temperature control in production areas.
We can design factory heating systems using underfloor and suspended air heaters, powered by gas or diesel fuel or using hot water.
Industrial heating of a warehouse
We have solutions for air heating of large open and rack storage warehouses and small industrial installations - floor or suspended heat generators running on gas or diesel fuel, as well as fan heaters using hot water to heat the air.
Frost protection or complete warehouse heating - we tailor our solutions to your specific requirements.
Our specialists will inspect your warehouse free of charge, provide assistance and give recommendations on heating the warehouse, taking into account the storage features - open or on racks.
Industrial garage heating
Heat generators f. are ideal for heating garages and auto repair shops. Metmann.
Metmann heat generators will maintain a comfortable temperature in garages of any size, including through installations located outside, with air distribution through ducts capable of maintaining good quality air.
Industrial heating of agricultural facilities
We offer a quiet, energy-efficient agricultural heating solution that helps maintain optimal growth of agricultural products and create a comfortable environment for staff and customers in greenhouses, conservatories and other climate-controlled facilities.
Our air heating systems can be designed using the most modern heat generators, specially designed for air heating of greenhouses and conservatories.
Industrial heating of hangars with equipment (ships, aircraft, etc.)
We have experience in air heating solutions using energy efficient and cost effective air heating systems using gas or diesel powered heat generators for hangars with large open spaces, high ceilings and frequently opening doors and gates.
We have experience in placing heat generators and fuel tanks for them inside containers (such as sea containers), next to the hangar. In this case, the air supply in the hangar is carried out through metal air ducts with air distribution through special aerodynamic nozzles, providing the necessary shape and length of the air stream
Industrial heating of sports facilities
We offer air heating solutions for all types of gyms and recreation centers, providing comfortable conditions with minimal costs energy and operating costs.
Our Metmann and Apen Group air heating systems provide highly efficient air heating for gyms, leisure centres, swimming pools and other recreational facilities.
Our specialists guarantee you assistance and recommendations in accordance with your requirements for sports and recreation
Organizing a production process is a multifaceted task in which all factors must be taken into account. In addition to equipment and qualified workers, special attention should be paid to maintaining optimal temperature in room. To do this, you need to develop systems and heating schemes for workshops with your own hands: welding, carpentry, production.
Selecting heating according to room characteristics
Before heating the workshop with your own hands, you need to find out a few important characteristics. First of all – optimal temperature regime in room. The choice of heating system directly depends on this.
When drawing up a heating scheme for a carpentry shop or other production areas, you need to take into account the following parameters:
- Ceiling area and height. If the distance from the floor to the roof is more than 3 meters, then convection (water, air) systems will be ineffective. This is due to the large volume of the room;
- Thermal insulation of walls and roof. The heat loss of a building is the first thing to consider when choosing. The heating system for the workshop must be not only efficient, but also economical. In this case, it is best to use zoned heat sources. They will maintain a comfortable temperature level in specific area premises;
- Technological requirements for optimal temperature in the workshop. For example, the heating of a woodworking shop must maintain air heating at a constant level. Otherwise, it will affect the quality of the products. If the raw material is metal, then a comfortable temperature is needed only for workers.
To carry out this analysis, you will need to study the advantages and disadvantages of each type of heating. Let's consider the most efficient heating production workshop, differing depending on the circuit and components used.
Air heating of the workshop
For large rooms with high temperature requirements, it is recommended to use air heating in the workshop. This system is an extensive network air channels, in which flows of hot air move. It is heated using a special air conditioning system or gas boiler.
Such do-it-yourself workshop heating systems and schemes are applicable for welding, carpentry, and industrial premises. Main structural elements of this system are:
- Outside air intake device. It includes fans and cleaning filters;
- Further air masses through the channels they enter the heating zone. It could be electrical devices(spiral element) or gas installation with air heat exchanger;
- Air masses with high temperatures move through channels that distribute heat to individual production rooms. To regulate the heating temperature level, a throttle valve is installed in each outlet pipe.
Such a workshop air heating system has a number of significant advantages over the standard one. The main one is optimal heating of the room. Properly positioned air ducts can have guide elements that focus air flow to the desired area of the workshop.
Also when additional installation air conditioner, the same system can be used as a cooling system. However, such a workshop heating scheme is quite complex in terms of design. Before self-installation you need to calculate the power of the fans, the shape and cross-section of the air ducts. Therefore, for the installation of air heating in a production workshop, it is recommended to use the services of specialized companies.
Water heating of the workshop
The use of traditional water heating is relevant for small industries, the workshop area of which does not exceed 250 m². It is needed to constantly maintain the air temperature at the optimal level throughout the entire volume of the room. Woodworking shops are often heated using water.
This is due to wood waste from production. To dispose of them, install a solid fuel boiler long burning. This scheme of work allows you to not only quickly but also effectively get rid of wood waste. They are subsequently used as fuel.
However, this heating organization scheme has a number of nuances:
- In order for the heating efficiency of the production workshop to be maximum, the area of the heating devices must be significantly increased. Pipes are used for this large diameter, which are welded together into registers;
- Inertia. Need enough big time for heating the air in the workshop from the coolant;
- The inability to quickly change the water temperature in the pipes.
However, along with this, when installing water heating in a welding shop, a heated floor system can be used. This scheme will help reduce the required area of heating devices. At the same time, the inertia of the system will decrease - the air in the workshop will heat up faster.
During heating design, it is possible to provide for the organization of hot water supply, which is important for many production processes. To do this, you need to purchase (or make) a heat exchange tank to heat the workshop with your own hands.
In it, the coolant energy will be transferred through the coil to the water. This will make it possible to use hot water not only for domestic needs, but also for production processes.
In addition to solid fuel boilers, you can install other types of heating equipment:
- Gas boilers. Economically effective if there is no cheap solid fuel;
- Electric heaters. It is preferable not to use them, since energy costs will be high;
- Boilers operating on liquid fuel– diesel or used engine oil. Installed if there are no gas lines. They are economical, but inconvenient because they require special containers for storing fuel.
To use water heating circuits for a workshop, you need to correctly calculate the power of the heating installation.
The standard ratio of 1 kW of released thermal energy per 10 m² of area is only relevant for a workshop whose ceiling height does not exceed 3 meters. If they are higher, then each additional meter is +10% to the boiler power.
Infrared heating of the workshop
The operating principle of infrared heaters is to heat surfaces due to the effects of infrared radiation. If the heating system of the welding shop is designed for spot heating of certain zones, then it is best to use these devices. Effective heating with infrared heaters for workshops should begin with the selection of heating elements. Currently, two methods of generating IR radiation are used.
Carbon heaters
Its design consists of a bulb, inside of which there is a carbon spiral, and a reflective element. When current passes through heating element it glows due to high electrical resistance. As a result, IR radiation is released.
To focus thermal energy, a reflector made of stainless iron or aluminum is provided.
IR electric heaters can be used as additional heating carpentry shop. They are mounted above those work areas where a stable temperature regime is required. The advantages of electric infrared heaters include:
- Easy installation;
- The ability to regulate the heating temperature by changing the supplied current power;
- Small overall dimensions.
However, due to high energy consumption, heating with electric infrared heaters for workshops is rare. Instead they are mounted gas models.
Gas IR heaters
For production workshops large area if necessary zone heating It is recommended to use gas models of infrared heaters. Their operating principle is based on the so-called flameless combustion of a mixture of gas and air on a ceramic surface. As a result, IR radiation is formed, which is focused by the reflector.
For efficient heating Infrared heaters in workshops often use ceiling-mounted heater models. It is important to correctly calculate the mounting height and required power. The heating area and temperature conditions in this part of the workshop will depend on these parameters.
They are used as a heating system for a welding shop, where a comfortable temperature is needed only to ensure normal conditions working personnel. However, when planning this type of heating, you need to take into account a number of nuances:
- An infrared heating system for a workshop cannot be used if air heating is needed throughout the entire room. Heaters are designed for local impact;
- To minimize costs, you should use only natural gas from the mains. In addition to the additional purchase of exchange containers, a liquefied cylinder is inconvenient due to the periodic connection procedure.
But despite these disadvantages, the use of infrared heating for woodworking shops and other areas of industry remains the best option. However, for installation gas heating workshops, you only need to carry out a series of approvals with your own hands with the gas service in order to obtain all permits.
How to choose the right heating system for a particular workshop? It is necessary to take into account its operational parameters, the cost of purchasing equipment and the price of energy. Remember that the cost of production will depend on the heating efficiency of any production workshop.
If you need economical option organizing heating for a carpentry shop - in the video you can see non-standard methods of heating air using sawdust and wood shavings.
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In cold weather conditions heating system production premises provide the company's employees with comfortable working conditions. Normalization of temperature conditions also has a beneficial effect on the safety of buildings, machines and equipment. Heating systems, although they have the same task, have technological differences. Some use hot water boilers to heat industrial premises, while others use compact heaters. Let's consider the specifics of industrial heating and the effectiveness of using various systems.
Requirements for heating industrial premises
At low temperatures, heating of production premises, as required by labor protection, should be carried out in cases where the time workers spend there exceeds 2 hours. The only exceptions are premises in which permanent presence of people is not necessary (for example, rarely visited warehouses). Also, structures are not heated, being inside of which is equivalent to carrying out work outside the building. However, even here it is necessary to provide for the presence of special devices for heating workers.
Occupational safety imposes a number of sanitary and hygienic requirements for heating industrial premises:
- heating indoor air to comfortable temperature;
- the ability to regulate the temperature due to the amount of heat generated;
- inadmissibility of air pollution with harmful gases and unpleasant odors(especially for stove heating production premises);
- the desirability of combining the heating process with ventilation;
- ensuring fire and explosion safety;
- reliability of the heating system during operation and ease of repair.
Heating calculation
To carry out a thermal calculation, before planning any industrial heating, you need to use the standard method.
Qt (kW/hour) =V*∆T *K/860
The heat loss coefficient, which is included in the calculation of the heating system for industrial premises, varies depending on the type of building and the level of its thermal insulation. The less thermal insulation, the higher the coefficient value.
Steam heating of industrial buildings
Heating the production premises using steam allows you to maintain high temperature environment (up to 100 degrees). When organizing the heating process, you do not need to take into account the number of floors. You can bring the temperature to the required value in a short time. This applies to both heating and cooling. All equipment, including communications, does not take up much space.
The steam heating method is optimal if the production room needs to be heated or reduced in temperature periodically. The method is more effective than the water method.
The following disadvantages are identified:
- there is a lot of noise during operation;
- it is difficult to regulate steam flow;
- The steam method is not recommended for use in rooms with aerosols, flammable gases, and heavy dust.
Water heating of industrial facilities
Water heating is appropriate if you have your own boiler room nearby or operate central water supply. The main component in this case will be an industrial heating boiler, which can run on gas, electricity or solid fuel.
Water will be supplied under high pressure and temperature. Usually, it cannot be used to efficiently heat large workshops, which is why the method is called “on-duty”. But there are a number of advantages:
- air circulates calmly throughout the room;
- heat spreads evenly;
- a person can work actively in conditions with water heating, it is absolutely safe.
The heated air enters the room, where it mixes with the environment and the temperature is balanced. Sometimes you need to reduce energy costs. To do this, using filters, the air is purified and reused for heating industrial buildings.
Air heating
Most enterprises during their existence Soviet Union used a convection heating system industrial buildings. The difficulty in using this method is that warm air, according to the laws of physics, rises, while the part of the room located near the floor remains less heated.
Today, more efficient heating is provided by an air heating system for industrial premises.
Operating principle
Hot air, which is preheated in the heat generator through air ducts, is transferred to the heated part of the building. Distribution heads are used to distribute thermal energy throughout the space. In some cases, fans are installed, which can be replaced by portable equipment, including a heat gun.
Advantages
It is worth noting that such heating can be combined with various supply systems ventilation and air conditioning. This is what makes it possible to heat huge complexes, something that could not be achieved before.
This method is widely used in heating warehouse complexes, as well as indoor sports facilities. In addition, such a method in most cases is the only possible one, since it has the highest level fire safety.
Flaws
Naturally, there were some negative properties. For example, setting air heating will cost the owners of the enterprise a pretty penny.
Not only are the fans needed for normal functioning, cost quite a lot, and they also consume huge amounts of electricity, since their productivity reaches about several thousand cubic meters per hour.
Infrared heating
Not every company is ready to spend a lot of money on an air heating system, so many prefer to use another method. Infrared industrial heating is becoming increasingly popular every day.
Principle of operation
An infrared burner operates on the principle of flameless combustion of air located on the porous part of the ceramic surface. Ceramic surface differs in that it is capable of emitting a whole spectrum of waves that are concentrated in the area infrared radiation.
The peculiarity of these waves is their high degree of permeability, that is, they can freely pass through air currents in order to transfer their energy to a certain place. The stream of infrared radiation is directed to a predetermined area through various reflectors.
Therefore, heating industrial premises using such a burner allows for maximum comfort. In addition, this heating method makes it possible to heat both individual work areas and entire buildings.
Main advantages
On this moment It is the use of infrared heaters that is considered the most modern and progressive method of heating industrial buildings due to the following positive characteristics:
- quick heating of the room;
- low energy intensity;
- high efficiency;
- compact equipment and easy installation.
By performing the correct calculation, you can install a powerful, economical and independent heating system for your enterprise that does not require constant maintenance.
Scope of application
It is worth noting that such equipment is used, among other things, for heating poultry houses, greenhouses, cafe terraces, auditoriums, shopping and sports halls, as well as various bitumen coatings for technological purposes.
The full effect of using an infrared burner can be felt in those rooms that have large volumes of cold air. The compactness and mobility of such equipment makes it possible to maintain the temperature at a certain level depending on the technological need and time of day.
Safety
Many people are concerned about the issue of safety, since they associate the word “radiation” with radiation and harmful effects on human health. In fact, the operation of infrared heaters is completely safe for both humans and equipment located in the room.
SNiP standards for heating industrial premises
Before you start designing a particular system, and think about which industrial heating boiler to choose, you need to study the following rules and follow them. It is imperative to take into account heat loss, because not only the air in the room heats up, but also equipment and objects. The maximum temperature of the coolant (water, steam) is 90 degrees, and the pressure is 1 MPa.
Today, many commercial and industrial organizations are faced with the acute issue of saving. IN winter period heating a production facility with a constant rise in electricity prices can cost a pretty penny, so the demand for effective ways heating - first of all, direct heating of air using the cheapest fuel today - natural gas. Air heating systems for industrial and commercial premises offered by our company are among the most effective, profitable and advanced on the Russian market. Let us consider the main characteristics of such systems.
Features of air heating systems
For industrial premises requiring heating and ventilation, systems are used in which air is supplied to the premises through air ducts. It is most advisable to use such systems if it is necessary not only to heat, but also to ventilate and/or air condition a room - since in this system it is possible to combine all these functions. A similar system is installed using large industrial units, usually located on the roof. This is exactly how the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system is built in large shopping centers, office buildings, and production workshops. The system allows you to maintain the necessary climatic parameters in the room - temperature, humidity, clean the air from germs, dust and other harmful impurities, creating the most favorable environment for people in the room. If the task is only to heat production premises at minimal cost, then the most optimal way is to install local gas air heaters. This is a compact and inexpensive equipment that operates on the principle of a fan heater. Local air heaters are controlled by thermostats that regulate the temperature in the room and give a signal to turn on if it drops to a certain value. In both cases, the heating system of an industrial or warehouse premises has several undoubted advantages:- use of a cheap energy source (gas)
- absence of additional coolant, as well as the bulky system associated with it (pipes, boilers, pumps)
- exceptionally low inertia - no time is required to transfer heat from the coolant to the battery, heated air immediately enters the room
- exceptionally high efficiency – up to 93%
- creating a more uniform heat distribution due to constant air circulation in the room
Implementation of an air heating system in production
Design and installation of air heating systems is a task for professionals in this field, which requires taking into account a lot of nuances. This is power calculation and selection of optimal equipment taking into account heat losses in a particular room, aerodynamic calculation and many other parameters. Errors at the design stage can lead to unsatisfactory functioning of the system, the appearance of undesirable side effects - for example, excessive noise in the room, an imbalance in the distribution of air flows, air stagnation, or vice versa - the appearance of drafts. Only after all the features of the production premises and the customer’s wishes are taken into account and agreed upon in the form finished project, the company's engineers begin supplying and installing equipment and air duct systems.Operation of air heating systems
The air heating system of a production workshop or warehouse must be equipped with automatic devices protection and regulation. Before handing over the system to the customer, the contractor performs commissioning works, checking all system parameters and its safe operation. Regular maintenance of the system is an important component of its long-term, efficient and trouble-free operation. As a rule, our company’s specialists perform regular maintenance installed systems. Remember - even such “little things” as a lately replaced filter can lead to a serious deterioration in performance. Before everyone heating season It is necessary to carry out a complex of preventive maintenance, including checking equipment and the air duct system.For comfortable work of employees in production and warehouse premises, it is necessary to equip an efficient heating system. In addition, normal temperature conditions have a positive effect on equipment, machines and the building itself. Let's consider what methods there are for heating industrial and warehouse premises. After all, some people choose heating boilers, while others prefer space heaters. In our article we will tell you about the features and efficiency of work different systems heating.
How to heat a non-residential premises
For rooms with large areas Typically, 3 types of heating systems are used: air, water and radiant. When using water heating, it is necessary to install heating radiators. Such a system is beneficial because it has big choice heating equipment. But with such a heating system there is a large thermal inertia and high costs are required. Not all retail premises can accommodate heating radiators, as they must be mounted on the wall. And usually in retail outlets Shelves are arranged in these places.
Radiant and air heating are in higher demand. Let's take a closer look at each heating system.
Air heating
Air heating was one of the first types of heating systems. And this system is still popular due to its effectiveness. Air heating has the following advantages:
- In such a system, the efficiency is greater than that of water heating.
- There is no need to install pipelines and heating radiators. In an air system, only air ducts need to be installed.
- Air heating system often used in conjunction with an air conditioning system. Therefore you can receive fresh air instead of heated.
- The heated air is distributed evenly throughout the room.
- The air is cleaned and changed regularly. Therefore, there will always be comfortable atmosphere, which has a positive effect on employee performance.
In order to save money, it is better to use combined air heating for industrial premises. Such a heating system consists of mechanical and natural air circulation.
With natural intake, warm air will be taken from environment. It will be warm even in very cold weather outside. Mechanical impulse - the intake of cold air by the duct for heating and supply to the room.
Air heating is the most optimal for heating large industrial premises. And in chemical enterprises, only air is allowed to be used as a heating system.
Water heating
Not all production and warehouse premises are suitable for a water heating system. Since for its installation it is necessary to equip a boiler room, arrange a pipeline system, and install heating radiators in the premises. In addition to these elements, it is still necessary to purchase pressure gauges, shut-off valves and other control devices. In order to maintain the operation of the heating system, the presence of specialists is necessary.
There are two types of water heating based on the design principle: single-pipe and two-pipe.
In the first type, you will not be able to regulate the water temperature. Since all heating radiators are installed in series. And there is no way to turn off just one device.
IN two-pipe system you can adjust the temperature. This can be done using thermostats that are installed on radiators in parallel.
The heat source in the water system is a heating boiler. Boilers are divided by type of fuel: solid fuel, gas, electric, liquid fuel and combined. If the production premises have a small area, then you can use a furnace with a water circuit.
The type of boiler should be chosen based on desires and possibilities. Not everyone has the ability to connect to gas, so you won’t be able to use a gas boiler. Many people choose solid fuel or diesel heating boilers.
Electric boilers are often used, but in small spaces. Since heating with electricity is not a cheap pleasure.
Unforeseen situations often happen. And some accidents may occur in the power supply or gas supply. Therefore, it is advisable to have a backup heating system.
Combination heating boilers are more expensive. Such devices can have several types of burners: gas-diesel, gas-wood and gas-electricity-diesel.
Infrared heating
Can be divided infrared heating into two types: light and dark heaters.
In the first type, gas is burned using a burner. And its surface temperature can be 900°C. The required radiation comes from a red-hot burner.
The second type of heater is a radiator with reflectors. They are designed to direct radiant energy into required zones. Dark infrared devices cannot heat up like light ones. The maximum heating temperature is 500°C. Such heaters are distinguished by radiation, it is not so harsh. Therefore, tubular heaters have a wide range of applications.
The most convenient and economical heating is suspended radiant panels. Such panels operate using an intermediate coolant. It consists of steam and water. Water can be heated in the device up to 60-120°C, and steam can be heated up to 100-200.
Let's look at the benefits of radiant heating:
- IN unheated rooms you can create warm zones;
- Fast heating of the room. Depending on the area, the approximate heating time is from 15 to 20 minutes;
- Since there is no need to check or repair pumps, replace filters and other elements that are found in other heating systems, this factor allows for significant savings;
- There is no loss of thermal energy;
- The floor is also heated, so it is additional source heating;
- Comfortable microclimate. The air does not dry out
Such heaters cannot be installed indoors: with a ceiling height of less than 4 m, in production, where radiation can affect the quality of products, as well as in rooms that have fire categories A and B.
Infrared heating system is easy to use and more economical air system. Infrared heaters do not spread dust, do not dry out the air and create thermal zones in the room. But in those rooms where radiant heating cannot be used, an air system would be the best option.
