Maintenance instructions for heat generators. Operation of heat generators, steam and hot water boilers equipped with a device for burning liquid fuel. disasters, accidents, etc.
The increasing cost of energy resources used for heat supply confronts consumers with the task of finding cheaper heat sources. Thermal installations TC1 (disc vortex heat generators) are the heat source of the 21st century.The release of thermal energy is based on the physical principle of converting one type of energy into another. The mechanical rotational energy of the electric motor is transferred to the disk activator - the main working element of the heat generator. The liquid inside the activator cavity swirls, acquiring kinetic energy. Then, with sudden braking of the fluid, cavitation occurs. Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, heating the liquid to a temperature of 95 degrees. WITH.
Thermal installations TS1 are intended for:
Autonomous heating of residential, office, production premises, greenhouses, other agricultural buildings, etc.;
- heating water for domestic purposes, baths, laundries, swimming pools, etc.
Thermal installations TS1 comply with TU 3113-001-45374583-2003, certified. They do not require approvals for installation, because energy is used to rotate the electric motor, and not to heat the coolant. Operation of heat generators with electrical power up to 100 kW is carried out without a license (Federal Law No. 28-FZ of 04/03/96). They are fully prepared for connection to a new or existing system heating, and the design and dimensions of the installation simplify its placement and installation. The required network voltage is 380 V.
TS1 thermal units are available in the form model range with installed electric motor power: 55; 75; 90; 110; 160; 250 and 400 kW.
TC1 thermal units operate in automatic mode with any coolant within a given temperature range (pulse operating mode). Depending on the outside temperature, the operating time ranges from 6 to 12 hours a day.
TC1 heating units are reliable, explosion- and fire-safe, environmentally friendly, compact and highly efficient in comparison with other heating devices. Comparative characteristics of devices for heating premises with an area of 1000 sq.m. are given in the table:
Currently, TS1 thermal installations are operated in many regions Russian Federation, near and far abroad: in Moscow, cities of the Moscow region: Domodedovo, Lytkarino, Noginsk, Roshal, Chekhov; in Lipetsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, and other cities; in Kalmykia, Krasnoyarsk and Stavropol territories; in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, South Korea and China.
Together with partners we provide full cycle services ranging from cleaning internal engineering systems and units from hard crystalline, corrosive and organic deposits without dismantling system elements at any time of the year. Next - development of technical specifications (technical specifications for design), design, installation, commissioning, training of customer personnel and maintenance.
The supply of thermal units based on our installations can be carried out in a block-modular version. Automation of the building's heat supply system and internal engineering systems can be brought to the level of IASUP (individual automatic system enterprise management).
If there is not enough space to place a block heating unit inside a building, they are mounted in special containers, as has been done in practice in the city of Klin, Moscow region.
In order to increase the service life of electric motors, it is recommended to use systems for optimizing the operation of electric motors, including a soft start system and which we also supply by agreement with the customer.
Benefits of use:
generator NG pump; NS pumping station; ED-electric motor; DT temperature sensor;
RD - pressure switch; GR - hydraulic distributor; M - pressure gauge; RB - expansion tank;
TO - heat exchanger; Control panel - control panel.
Comparison of existing heating systems.
The task is economic efficient heating water, which is used as a coolant in water heating and hot water supply systems, has been and remains relevant regardless of the method of carrying out these processes, the design of the heating system and the sources of heat.There are four main types of heat sources for solving this problem:
· physico-chemical(combustion of organic fuel: oil products, gas, coal, firewood and the use of other exothermic chemical reactions);
· electric power when heat is generated on elements included in the electrical circuit that have a sufficiently high ohmic resistance;
· thermonuclear, based on the use of heat arising from the decay of radioactive materials or the synthesis of heavy hydrogen nuclei, including those occurring in the sun and deep in the earth’s crust;
· mechanical when heat is obtained due to surface or internal friction of materials. It should be noted that the property of friction is inherent not only in solids, but also in liquid and gaseous ones.
The rational choice of a heating system is influenced by many factors:
availability of specific type of fuel,
· environmental aspects, design and architectural solutions,
· volume of the facility under construction,
· financial capabilities of a person and much more.
1. Electric boiler– any electric heating boilers, due to heat loss, must be purchased with a power reserve (+20%). They are quite easy to maintain, but require decent electrical power. This requires a powerful liner power cable, which is not always realistic to do outside the city.
Electricity is an expensive type of fuel. Payment for electricity very quickly (after one season) will exceed the cost of the boiler itself.
2. Electric heating elements (air, oil, etc.)– easy to maintain.
Extremely uneven heating of rooms. Rapid cooling of the heated space. High energy consumption. Constant presence of a person in electric field, breathing superheated air. Low service life. In a number of regions, payments for electricity used for heating are made with an increasing coefficient K=1.7.
3. Electric heated floor– complexity and high cost of installation.
Insufficient to heat the room in cold weather. The use of a high-resistance heating element (nichrome, tungsten) in the cable provides good heat dissipation. Simply put, a carpet on the floor will create the preconditions for overheating and failure of the unit. heating system. When using tiles on the floor, concrete screed must dry completely. In other words, the first trial safe activation of the system is no less than after 45 days. Constant presence of a person in an electric and/or electromagnetic field. Significant energy consumption.
4. A gas boiler– significant start-up costs. Project, permitting documentation, gas supply from the main line to the house, special room for the boiler, ventilation and much more. other. Low gas pressure in the pipelines has a negative effect on work. Low-quality liquid fuel leads to premature wear of system components and assemblies. Pollution environment. High prices for service.
5. Diesel boiler– have the most expensive installation. Additionally, installation of a container for several tons of fuel is required. Availability of access roads for a fuel tanker. Ecological problem. Unsafe. Expensive service.
6. Electrode generators– highly professional installation required. Extremely unsafe. Mandatory grounding of all metal heating parts. High risk of electric shock to people in case of the slightest malfunction. They require unexpected addition of alkaline components to the system. No job stability.
Development trend of sources the heat is coming towards the transition to environmentally friendly technologies, among which electricity is currently the most common.
History of the creation of a vortex heat generator
The amazing properties of the vortex were noted and described 150 years ago by the English scientist George Stokes.
While working on improving cyclones for purifying gases from dust, French engineer Joseph Ranquet noticed that the stream of gas emerging from the center of the cyclone has a lower temperature than the feed gas supplied to the cyclone. Already at the end of 1931, Ranke submitted an application for the invented device, which he called a “vortex tube”. But he manages to obtain a patent only in 1934, and then not in his homeland, but in America (US Patent No. 1952281).
French scientists then treated this invention with distrust and ridiculed the report of J. Ranquet, made in 1933 at a meeting of the French Physical Society. According to these scientists, the operation of the vortex tube, in which the air supplied to it was divided into hot and cold flows, contradicted the laws of thermodynamics. Nevertheless, the vortex tube worked and later found wide application in many fields of technology, mainly for producing cold.
Not knowing about Ranke’s experiments, in 1937 the Soviet scientist K. Strakhovich, in a course of lectures on applied gas dynamics, theoretically proved that temperature differences should arise in rotating gas flows.
Interesting is the work of Leningrader V. E. Finko, who drew attention to a number of paradoxes of the vortex tube, developing a vortex gas cooler to obtain ultra-low temperatures. He explained the process of gas heating in the near-wall region of the vortex tube by the “mechanism of wave expansion and compression of gas” and discovered infrared radiation of gas from its axial region, which has a band spectrum.
A complete and consistent theory of the vortex tube still does not exist, despite the simplicity of this device. “On the fingers” they explain that when a gas spins in a vortex tube, under the influence of centrifugal forces it is compressed at the walls of the pipe, as a result of which it heats up here, just as it heats up when compressed in a pump. In the axial zone of the pipe, on the contrary, the gas experiences a vacuum, and here it cools and expands. By removing gas from the near-wall zone through one hole, and from the axial zone through another, the initial gas flow is divided into hot and cold flows.
After the Second World War, in 1946, the German physicist Robert Hilsch significantly improved the efficiency of the Ranque vortex tube. However, the impossibility of theoretically substantiating vortex effects postponed technical application Ranque-Hilsch's discoveries lasted for decades.
The main contribution to the development of the foundations of vortex theory in our country in the late 50s - early 60s of the last century was made by Professor Alexander Merkulov. It’s a paradox, but before Merkulov, no one even thought of putting liquid into the “Ranque tube”. And the following happened: when the liquid passed through the “snail,” it quickly heated up with abnormal high efficiency(energy conversion coefficient is about 100%). And again, A. Merkulov could not give a complete theoretical justification, and until practical application it didn't work out. Only in the early 90s of the last century did the first design solutions for the use of a liquid heat generator operating on the basis of the vortex effect appear.
Thermal stations based on vortex thermal generators
Exploratory studies of the most economical sources of heat for heating water led to the idea of using the viscosity (friction) properties of water to generate heat, characterizing its ability to interact with the surfaces of solid bodies that make up the material in which it moves, and between the internal layers of the liquid.Like any material body, water experiences resistance to its movement as a result of friction against the walls of the guide system (pipe), however, unlike a solid body, which in the process of such interaction (friction) heats up and partially begins to collapse, the surface layers of water are slowed down and reduce their speed surfaces and swirl. When sufficiently high velocities of fluid vortex along the wall of the guide system (pipe) are reached, surface friction heat begins to be released.
The cavitation effect occurs, which consists in the formation of steam bubbles, the surface of which rotates at high speed due to the kinetic energy of rotation. Opposition internal pressure steam and kinetic energy of rotation exert pressure in the mass of water and surface tension forces. In this way, a state of equilibrium is created until the bubble collides with an obstacle during the movement of the flow or with each other. A process of elastic collision and destruction of the shell occurs with the release of an energy pulse. As is known, the magnitude of the power, the energy of the pulse is determined by the steepness of its front. Depending on the diameter of the bubbles, the front of the energy pulse at the moment of bubble destruction will have a different steepness, and, consequently, a different distribution of the energy frequency spectrum. ast.
At a certain temperature and speed of vortex, vapor bubbles appear, which, when hitting obstacles, are destroyed with the release of an energy pulse in low-frequency (sound), optical and infrared range frequencies, while the temperature of the pulse in the infrared range during the destruction of the bubble can be tens of thousands of degrees (oC). The sizes of the bubbles formed and the distribution of the released energy density over sections of the frequency range are proportional to linear speed the interaction of the rubbing surfaces of water and a solid body and is inversely proportional to the pressure in the water. During the interaction of friction surfaces under conditions of strong turbulence, in order to obtain thermal energy concentrated in the infrared range, it is necessary to form microbubbles of steam with a size ranging from 500 to 1500 nm, which, when colliding with solid surfaces or areas high blood pressure“burst” creating a microcavitation effect with the release of energy in the thermal infrared range.
However, with the linear movement of water in a pipe when interacting with the walls of the guide system, the effect of converting friction energy into heat turns out to be small, and although the temperature of the liquid on the outside of the pipe is slightly higher than in the center of the pipe, no special heating effect is observed. Therefore, one of the rational ways to solve the issue of increasing the friction surface and the interaction time of rubbing surfaces is to twist the water in the transverse direction, i.e. artificial vortex in the transverse plane. In this case, additional turbulent friction arises between the layers of liquid.
The whole difficulty of exciting friction in a liquid is to keep the liquid in positions where the friction surface is greatest and to achieve a state in which the pressure in the water mass, friction time, friction speed and friction surface were optimal for a given system design and ensured the specified heating capacity.
The physics of the occurrence of friction and the causes of the resulting heat generation effect, especially between layers of liquid or between the surface of a solid body and the surface of a liquid, have not been sufficiently studied and there are various theories However, this is the area of hypotheses and physical experiments.
For more information on the theoretical basis for the effect of heat release in a heat generator, see the “Recommended Literature” section.
The task of constructing liquid (water) heat generators is to find designs and methods for controlling the mass of the water carrier, in which it would be possible to obtain the largest friction surfaces, hold a mass of liquid in the generator for a certain time in order to obtain the required temperature and at the same time ensure sufficient throughput systems.
Taking these conditions into account, thermal stations are built, which include: an engine (usually electric), which mechanically drives water in a heat generator, and a pump that ensures the necessary pumping of water.
Since the amount of heat in the process of mechanical friction is proportional to the speed of movement of the friction surfaces, to increase the speed of interaction of the rubbing surfaces, fluid acceleration is used in the transverse direction perpendicular to the direction of the main movement using special swirlers or disks rotating the fluid flow, i.e. the creation of a vortex process and implementation thus a vortex heat generator. However, the design of such systems is a complex technical task since it is necessary to find the optimal range of parameters for the linear speed of movement, angular and linear speed of rotation of the liquid, viscosity coefficient, thermal conductivity and to prevent a phase transition to the vapor state or boundary state when the energy release range moves to optical or sound range, i.e. when the process of near-surface cavitation in the optical and low-frequency ranges becomes prevalent, which, as is known, destroys the surface on which cavitation bubbles form.
A schematic block diagram of a thermal installation driven by an electric motor is shown in Figure 1. The calculation of the heating system of the facility is carried out by the design organization according to the customer’s technical specifications. The selection of thermal installations is carried out on the basis of the project.
Rice. 1. Schematic block diagram of a thermal installation.
The thermal unit (TC1) includes: a vortex heat generator (activator), an electric motor (the electric motor and the heat generator are installed on a support frame and mechanically connected by a coupling) and automatic control equipment.
Water from the pumping pump enters the inlet pipe of the heat generator and leaves the outlet pipe with a temperature of 70 to 95 C.
The performance of the pumping pump, which ensures the required pressure in the system and pumping water through the heating installation, is calculated for a specific heating supply system of the facility. To ensure cooling of the activator's mechanical seals, the water pressure at the outlet of the activator must be at least 0.2 MPa (2 atm.).
When the specified maximum water temperature at the outlet pipe is reached, upon command from the temperature sensor, the heating unit is switched off. When the water cools down to a predetermined minimum temperature, the thermal unit is turned on at the command from the temperature sensor. The difference between the set turn-on and turn-off temperatures must be at least 20 °C.
The installed power of the heating unit is selected based on peak loads (one ten-day period of December). For selection required quantity thermal installations, the peak power is divided by the power of thermal installations from the model range. In this case, it is better to install larger number less powerful installations. During peak loads and during the initial warm-up of the system, all installations will operate; during the autumn and spring seasons, only part of the installations will operate. At making the right choice the number and power of thermal installations, depending on the outside air temperature and heat loss of the facility, the installations operate 8-12 hours a day.
The heating unit is reliable in operation, ensures environmentally friendly operation, is compact and highly efficient compared to any other heating devices, does not require approval from the energy supply organization for installation, is simple in design and installation, does not require chemical water treatment, is suitable for use in any objects. The thermal station is fully equipped with everything necessary for connection to a new or existing heating system, and the design and dimensions simplify placement and installation. The station operates automatically within a given temperature range and does not require on-duty service personnel.
The thermal station is certified and complies with TU 3113-001-45374583-2003.
Soft start devices (soft starters).
Soft start devices (soft starters) are designed for smooth starting and stopping asynchronous electric motors 380 V (660, 1140, 3000 and 6000 V on special order). Main areas of application: pumping, ventilation, smoke exhaust equipment, etc.
The use of soft starters allows you to reduce starting currents, reduce the likelihood of engine overheating, ensure complete engine protection, increase engine service life, eliminate jerks in the mechanical part of the drive or hydraulic shocks in pipes and valves when starting and stopping engines.
Microprocessor torque control with 32 character display
Current limit, torque inrush, double slope acceleration curve
Smooth engine stop
Electronic engine protection:
Overload and short circuit
Under and over voltage
Rotor jamming, protection against delayed start-up
Phase loss and/or imbalance
Device overheating
Diagnosis of status, errors and failures
Remote control
Models from 500 to 800 kW are available upon special order. The composition and delivery conditions are determined upon approval of the technical specifications.
Heat generators based on a “vortex tube”.
The vortex tube of the heat generator, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. 1, connect the injection pipe 1 to the flange of a centrifugal pump (not shown in the figure), supplying water under a pressure of 4 - 6 atm. Getting into the snail 2, the water flow itself swirls in a vortex motion and enters the vortex tube 3, the length of which is 10 times greater than its diameter. The swirling vortex flow in pipe 3 moves along a helical spiral near the walls of the pipe to its opposite (hot) end, ending in bottom 4 with a hole in its center for the exit of the hot flow. A braking device 5 is fixed in front of the bottom 4 - a flow straightener, made in the form of several flat plates, radially welded to the central bushing, a pine tree with a pipe 3. In the top view, it resembles the tail of an aerial bomb.When the vortex flow in pipe 3 moves towards this straightener 5, a countercurrent is formed in the axial zone of pipe 3. In it, the water also rotates and moves towards fitting 6, embedded in the flat wall of volute 2 coaxially with pipe 3 and designed to release the “cold” flow. Another flow straightener 7 is installed in fitting 6, similar to braking device 5. It serves to partially convert the rotational energy of the “cold” flow into heat. The outgoing warm water is directed through the bypass 8 to the hot outlet pipe 9, where it is mixed with the hot flow leaving the vortex tube through the straightener 5. From the pipe 9, the heated water flows either directly to the consumer or to a heat exchanger that transfers heat to the consumer circuit. In the latter case, the waste water of the primary circuit (at a lower temperature) is returned to the pump, which again supplies it to the vortex tube through pipe 1.
Features of installation of heating systems using heat generators based on “vortex” tubes.
A heat generator based on a “vortex” tube must be connected to the heating system only through an accumulator tank.
When the heat generator is turned on for the first time, before it reaches operating mode, the direct line of the heating system must be closed, that is, the heat generator must operate on a “small circuit”. The coolant in the battery tank heats up to a temperature of 50-55 oC. Then the tap on the outlet line is periodically opened by ¼ stroke. When the temperature in the heating system line increases, the valve opens another ¼ stroke. If the temperature in the storage tank drops by 5 °C, the tap is closed. The tap is opened and closed until the heating system is completely warmed up.
This procedure is due to the fact that with a sudden supply of cold water to the inlet of the “vortex” pipe, due to its low power, a “breakdown” of the vortex may occur and a loss of efficiency of the thermal installation.
Based on experience in operating heat supply systems, recommended temperatures are:
In the output line 80 oC,
Answers to your questions
1. What are the advantages of this heat generator over other heat sources?
2. Under what conditions can the heat generator operate?
3. Requirements for the coolant: hardness (for water), salt content, etc., that is, what can critically affect the internal parts of the heat generator? Will scale form on the pipes?
4. What is the installed power of the electric motor?
5. How many heat generators should be installed in a heating unit?
6. What is the performance of the heat generator?
7. To what temperature can the coolant be heated?
8. Is it possible to regulate the temperature by changing the speed of the electric motor?
9. What could be an alternative to water to protect liquids from freezing in the event of an “emergency” with electricity?
10. What is the operating pressure range of the coolant?
11. Is it necessary circulation pump and how to choose its power?
12. What is included in the heating installation kit?
13. What is the reliability of the automation?
14. How loud is the heat generator?
15. Is it possible to use single-phase electric motors with a voltage of 220 V in thermal installations?
16. Can it be used to rotate the heat generator activator? diesel engines or another drive?
17. How to choose the cross-section of the power supply cable for a thermal installation?
18. What approvals are required to obtain permission to install a heat generator?
19. What are the main malfunctions that occur during the operation of heat generators?
20. Does cavitation destroy discs? What is the resource of the thermal installation?
21. What are the differences between disk and tubular heat generators?
22. What is the conversion coefficient (the ratio of the thermal energy received to the electrical energy expended) and how is it determined?
24. Are the developers ready to train personnel to service the heat generator?
25. Why is the warranty for the thermal installation 12 months?
26. In which direction should the heat generator rotate?
27. Where are the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat generator?
28. How to set the on-off temperature of a heating installation?
29. What requirements must the heating point in which heating units are installed meet?
30. At the Rubezh LLC facility in Lytkarino, the warehouse premises maintain a temperature of 8-12 °C. Is it possible to maintain a temperature of 20°C using such a heating system?
Q1: What are the advantages of this heat generator over other heat sources?
A: When compared with gas and liquid fuel boilers, the main advantage of the heat generator is the complete absence of maintenance infrastructure: there is no need for a boiler room, maintenance personnel, chemical preparation and regular maintenance. For example, if there is a power outage, the heat generator will turn on again automatically, while liquid fuel boilers require human presence to turn on again. When compared with electric heating (heating elements, electric boilers), the heat generator wins both in service (no direct heating elements, water treatment) and in economic terms. When compared with a heating plant, a heat generator allows each building to be heated separately, which eliminates losses during heat delivery and eliminates the need for repairs to the heating network and its operation. (For more details, see the website section “Comparison of existing heating systems”).
Q2: Under what conditions can the heat generator operate?
A: The operating conditions of the heat generator are determined by the technical specifications for its electric motor. It is possible to install electric motors in waterproof, dustproof, and tropical versions.
Q3: Requirements for the coolant: hardness (for water), salt content, etc., that is, what can critically affect the internal parts of the heat generator? Will scale form on the pipes?
A: Water must meet the requirements of GOST R 51232-98. No additional water treatment is required. A filter must be installed in front of the inlet pipe of the heat generator. rough cleaning. During operation, scale does not form; previously existing scale is destroyed. It is not allowed to use water with increased content salts and quarry fluid.
Q4: What is the installed power of the electric motor?
ABOUT: Installed power of an electric motor, this is the power required to spin up the heat generator activator at startup. After the engine reaches operating mode, power consumption drops by 30-50%.
Q5: How many heat generators should be installed in a heating unit?
A: The installed power of the heating unit is selected based on peak loads (- 260C one ten days of December). To select the required number of thermal units, the peak power is divided by the power of the thermal units from the model range. In this case, it is better to install a larger number of less powerful installations. During peak loads and during the initial warm-up of the system, all installations will operate; during the autumn and spring seasons, only part of the installations will operate. With the correct choice of the number and power of thermal installations, depending on the outside air temperature and heat loss of the facility, the installations operate 8-12 hours a day. If you install more powerful thermal installations, they will work for a shorter time, less powerful ones - for a longer time, but the energy consumption will be the same. For a larger calculation of the energy consumption of a thermal installation for the heating season, a coefficient of 0.3 is used. It is not recommended to use only one installation in a heating unit. When using one heating system, it is necessary to have a backup heating device.
Q6: What is the performance of the heat generator?
A: In one pass, the water in the activator heats up by 14-20°C. Depending on the power, heat generators pump: TS1-055 – 5.5 m3/hour; TS1-075 – 7.8 m3/hour; TS1-090 – 8.0 m3/hour. The heating time depends on the volume of the heating system and its heat loss.
Q7: To what temperature can the coolant be heated?
A: The maximum heating temperature of the coolant is 95°C. This temperature is determined by the characteristics of the mechanical seals installed. Theoretically, it is possible to heat water up to 250 °C, but to create a heat generator with such characteristics, research and development is necessary.
Q8: Is it possible to regulate the temperature by changing the speed?
A: The design of the thermal installation is designed to operate at engine speeds of 2960 + 1.5%. At other engine speeds, the efficiency of the heat generator decreases. The temperature control is carried out by turning the electric motor on and off. When the set maximum temperature is reached, the electric motor turns off, and when the coolant cools to the minimum set temperature, it turns on. The range of set temperatures must be at least 20°C
Q9: What could be an alternative to water to protect liquids from freezing in the event of an “emergency” with electricity?
A: Any liquid can act as a coolant. It is possible to use antifreeze. It is not recommended to use only one installation in a heating unit. When using one heating system, it is necessary to have a backup heating device.
Q10: What is the operating pressure range of the coolant?
A: The heat generator is designed to operate in the pressure range from 2 to 10 atm. The activator only swirls the water; the pressure in the heating system is created by the circulation pump.
Q11: Do I need a circulation pump and how to choose its power?
A: The capacity of the pumping pump, which ensures the required pressure in the system and pumping water through the heating installation, is calculated for a specific heating supply system of the facility. To ensure cooling of the activator's mechanical seals, the water pressure at the outlet of the activator must be at least 0.2 MPa (2 atm.) Average pump performance for: TC1-055 – 5.5 m3/hour; TS1-075 – 7.8 m3/hour; TS1-090 – 8.0 m3/hour. The pump is a pressure pump and is installed in front of the heating unit. The pump is an accessory to the facility’s heat supply system and is not included in the delivery package of the TC1 heating unit.
Q12: What is included in the heating installation kit?
A: The heating installation package includes:
1. Vortex heat generator TS1-______ No. ______________
1 PC
2. Control panel ________ No. _______________
1 PC
3. Pressure hoses (flexible inserts) with fittings DN25
2 pcs
4. Temperature sensor TSM 012-000.11.5 L=120 cl. IN
1 PC
5. Product passport
1 PC
Q13: How reliable is the automation?
A: The automation is certified by the manufacturer and has a warranty period. It is possible to complete the thermal installation with a control panel or controller of asynchronous electric motors "EnergySaver".
Q14: How loud is the heat generator?
A: The thermal installation activator itself makes virtually no noise. Only the electric motor makes noise. In accordance with technical characteristics electric motors specified in their passports, The maximum permissible sound power level of an electric motor is 80-95 dB (A). To reduce noise and vibration levels, it is necessary to mount the heating unit on vibration-absorbing supports. The use of EnergySaver asynchronous electric motor controllers makes it possible to reduce the noise level by one and a half times. In industrial buildings, thermal installations are located in separate rooms, basements. In residential and administrative buildings the heating point can be located autonomously.
Q15: Is it possible to use single-phase electric motors with a voltage of 220 V in thermal installations?
A: Currently produced models of thermal installations do not allow the use of single-phase electric motors with a voltage of 220 V.
Q16: Can diesel engines or another drive be used to rotate the heat generator activator?
A: The design of the thermal installation type TC1 is designed for standard asynchronous three-phase motors with a voltage of 380 V. with a rotation speed of 3000 rpm. In principle, the type of engine does not matter; the only necessary condition is to ensure a rotation speed of 3000 rpm. However, for each such engine option, the design of the thermal installation frame must be designed individually.
Q17: How to choose the cross-section of the power supply cable for a thermal installation?
A: The cross-section and brand of cables must be selected in accordance with PUE - 85 for calculated current loads.
Q18: What approvals need to be carried out to obtain permission to install a heat generator?
A: Approvals for installation are not required, because Electricity is used to rotate the electric motor, and not to heat the coolant. The operation of heat generators with an electrical power of up to 100 kW is carried out without a license (Federal Law No. 28-FZ of 04/03/96).
Q19: What are the main malfunctions that occur during the operation of heat generators?
A: Most failures occur due to improper operation. Operation of the activator at a pressure of less than 0.2 MPa leads to overheating and destruction of the mechanical seals. Operation at a pressure of more than 1.0 MPa also leads to loss of tightness of the mechanical seals. If the electric motor is connected incorrectly (star-delta), the motor may burn out.
Q20: Does cavitation destroy discs? What is the resource of the thermal installation?
A: Four years of experience in operating vortex heat generators shows that the activator practically does not wear out. The electric motor, bearings and mechanical seals have a shorter service life. The service life of components is indicated in their passports.
Q21: What are the differences between disk and tubular heat generators?
A: In disk heat generators, vortex flows are created due to the rotation of the disks. In tubular heat generators, it twists in the “snail” and then slows down in the pipe, releasing thermal energy. At the same time, the efficiency of tubular heat generators is 30% lower than that of disk heat generators.
Q22: What is the conversion coefficient (the ratio of thermal energy received to electrical energy expended) and how is it determined?
A: You will find the answer to this question in the Acts below.
Report of the results of operational tests of the vortex heat generator disk type brand TS1-075
Test report for thermal installation TS-055
A: These issues are reflected in the project for the facility. When calculating the required power of the heat generator, our specialists, based on the customer’s technical specifications, also calculate the heat removal of the heating system, give recommendations for the optimal distribution of the heating network in the building, as well as the location of the heat generator installation.
Q24: Are the developers ready to train personnel to service the heat generator?
A: The operating time of the mechanical seal before replacement is 5,000 hours of continuous operation (~ 3 years). Engine operating time before bearing replacement is 30,000 hours. However, it is recommended once a year at the end heating season carry out preventive inspection of the electric motor and automatic control system. Our specialists are ready to train the Customer’s personnel to carry out all preventive and repair work. (For more details, see the “Staff Training” section of the website).
Q25: Why is the warranty for the thermal installation 12 months?
A: A warranty period of 12 months is one of the most common warranty periods. Manufacturers of heating installation components (control panels, connecting hoses, sensors, etc.) establish a warranty period of 12 months on their products. The warranty period of the installation as a whole cannot be longer than the warranty period of its components, therefore technical conditions The following warranty period is specified for the manufacture of the TS1 thermal unit. Experience in operating TS1 thermal installations shows that the activator service life can be at least 15 years. Having accumulated statistics and agreed with suppliers on the increase warranty period for components, we will be able to increase the warranty period of the thermal installation to 3 years.
Q26: In which direction should the heat generator rotate?
A: The direction of rotation of the heat generator is set by an electric motor that rotates clockwise. During test runs, rotating the activator counterclockwise will not cause it to break. Before the first starts, it is necessary to check the free movement of the rotors; to do this, the heat generator is turned one/half turn manually.
Q27: Where are the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat generator?
A: The inlet pipe of the heat generator activator is located on the electric motor side, the outlet pipe is located on the opposite side activator.
Q28: How to set the on/off temperature of a heating installation?
A: Instructions for setting the on-off temperature of a heating unit are given in the “Partners” / “Aries” section.
Q29: What requirements must the heating point in which the heating units are installed meet?
A: The heating point in which heating units are installed must comply with the requirements of SP41-101-95. The text of the document can be downloaded from the website: “Information on heat supply”, www.rosteplo.ru
Q30: At the Rubezh LLC facility in Lytkarino, the warehouse premises maintain a temperature of 8-12 °C. Is it possible to maintain a temperature of 20 o C using such a thermal installation?
A: In accordance with the requirements of SNiP, the heating installation can heat the coolant to a maximum temperature of 95 °C. The temperature in heated rooms is set by the consumer himself using OWEN. The same thermal installation can support temperature ranges: for storage facilities 5-12 oC; for production 18-20 oC; for residential and office 20-22 оС.
during operation of the TPG-1 heat generator
INTRODUCTION
This instruction has been developed on the basis of the Interindustry rules for labor protection in road transport, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated May 12, 2003 No. 28, taking into account the requirements of legislative acts and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation containing state regulatory requirements labor protection, “Operation Manual” and is intended for maintenance personnel when operating the TGP-1 heat generator.
- GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Heat generator TGP - 1 is intended for thermal pre-start preparation of motor vehicles during non-garage storage in winter conditions, at negative ambient temperatures up to 233 K (-40 ° C).
1.1. For trouble-free operation of the heat generator, the following rules must be followed:
– before operating the heat generator, the heating system operator must study the TGP 1. 00. 00. 000 PS passport, these instructions, and undergo training on general rules industrial safety, safety measures when working at TGP – 1 and pass a practical test for admission to independent work at TGP – 1;
– at the site where the heat generator is located, in the immediate vicinity of it, a fire-fighting post must be installed, equipped with hand-held fire tools, a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, a lockable box with dry sand and a metal box with a lid for oily used rags;
– before each working season and before the first switching on of the TGP – 1 in electrical network, it is necessary to check the reliability of grounding, grounding and comply with all electrical safety requirements;
– refuel only when the heat generator is not working. Spilled fuel and drips must be wiped dry with a rag;
– all malfunctions that arise during operation must be corrected only with the heat generator switched off;
– the heat generator service area must be sufficiently illuminated by a general lighting source.
RESPONSIBILITY
1.2. The obligation of workers to comply with the rules and regulations of labor protection is integral part production discipline.
Persons who do not comply with the requirements of this instruction, violating production discipline, are brought to administrative responsibility in the prescribed manner.
Occupational safety largely depends on the worker himself. You should know and strictly follow the requirements of this instruction.
- SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK
2.1. The heat generator is serviced by one person – the heating system operator.
2.2. Before starting work, you must read these instructions, the sequence of work, and if you do not understand something, then it is PROHIBITED to start the heat generator.
2.3. The heat generator consists of a direct-flow combustion chamber, a fan and fuel fittings mounted on a metal welded frame.
The direct-flow combustion chamber is made of pipes different diameters and length (stepwise) with increasing diameter and length in the direction of flame attenuation.
- SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK
3.1. The supply of fuel to the combustion chamber is regulated by a special device connected to the pump rack high pressure.
3.2. Diesel fuel is used to operate the TG. When the ambient temperature is -20°C or more, fuel of the appropriate brands (winter) is used.
3.3. The high pressure pump supplies fuel through the nozzle into the combustion chamber. The nozzle sprays fuel into the air flow coming from the fan, forming an easily burning mixture, which is ignited by a pilot torch, after which combustion continues on its own.
The hot water generated during the combustion process gas-air mixture is supplied through air ducts to heat car engines.
3.4. Starting the heat generator:
– fill the tank with fuel;
– move the pump fuel supply rail 1/3 from the minimum supply position;
– moisten the ignition torch with diesel fuel, light it and insert it into the ignition pipe of the firebox;
– press the “start” button, the fan and fuel pump should start working;
– make sure that the working mixture ignites in the combustion chamber through the sight glass;
– if the mixture does not ignite, press the “stop” button (turning off the heat generator) and repeat the start operation.
3.5. Work control:
– during normal operation of the TG, a stable combustion (torch) is observed through the observation window;
– pressure gauge readings should be in the range of 60-120 kgf/cm2, depending on the position of the fuel supply rail to the pump;
– the normal operation of the TG can be judged by the characteristic sound.
3.6. Maintenance:
– maintenance (MA) consists of periodically performing routine maintenance;
– before the first start of the season, check the reliability of grounding and grounding;
– before each start-up, check fuel system for the absence of fuel leaks (if a leak is detected, find out the cause and eliminate it, and wipe away the drips with a rag), check the reliability of the firebox hatch;
– every 50 opening hours drain the sediment from the fuel tank and the fine filter housing, rinse the filter housing with diesel fuel and replace the filter element; check the oil level in the fuel pump (in two places) and add if necessary;
– after the winter season, completely drain the oil from fuel pump, rinse with diesel fuel and fill with fresh oil (approximately 150 ml), change the V-belt drive mode and apply conservation oil to the pulleys and other non-painted surfaces of the product for storage.
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN EMERGENCIES
3.7. Whenever emergency situation, which can lead to an accident - fire or breakdown of main components TG, immediately disconnect the TG from the power supply and stop it with the “stop” button and report this to the person responsible for the TG or the head of the RMM to take the necessary safety measures.
- SAFETY REQUIREMENTS UPON COMPLETION OF WORK
4.1. At the end of the work, turn off the heat generator with the “stop” button, make sure that the combustion (torch) has gone out.
Check the fuel system for leaks.
4.2. If any problems occur, notify the person responsible for safe work performance or the head of the RMM.
425. Heat generators, steam and hot water boilers, operating on liquid fuel, are allowed to be installed in both built-in and attached premises. The walls of the premises in which heating units are installed must be fireproof, and the ceilings can be plastered wood. These rooms must be separated from the main buildings by fire walls and have independent access to the outside.
426. A fuel tank with a capacity of no more than 100 liters is located in another room that meets fire safety requirements. If it is installed in the same room as a heat generator or boiler, it must be located at least 2 m from the walls of the units.
However, it is not allowed to install it against the nozzle.
Fuel tanks must always be closed, communicating with the atmosphere through a breathing pipe of at least 50 mm in diameter. It is prohibited to lead the ends of the breathing pipes indoors or into the attic.
427. Filling fuel tanks with fuel is permitted only using pumps through specially laid fuel lines. A shut-off valve should be installed on the fuel line near the supply tank.
In addition to the consumable fuel tank, it is necessary to have a container installed outside the premises for emergency drainage of fuel. Should be washed periodically fuel tank from dirt and remove water sediment.
428. Fuel line connections and fittings must be factory-made and installed hermetically to prevent fuel leakage. The use of rubber connections and hoses is prohibited.
429. It is prohibited to work on an installation with broken fuel lines and fittings, with loose connections, with a faulty chimney, or with an electric motor without thermal protection.
430. It is prohibited to use gasoline or add it to other types of fuel to operate heating units, to equip the supply tank with glass fuel level indicators, to install glass settling tanks on fuel lines, or to heat fuel lines with an open flame.
431. Floors in rooms where heat generators and boilers are installed must be fireproof.
432. When removing bricks chimneys In hot water boilers and heat generators, fire-proof cuts of at least 38 cm in size must be installed through combustible floors, with a layer of asbestos 2 cm thick or more laid between the cut and the wood.
In the absence of this additional insulation, the cutting size should be 51 cm. Laying metal pipes through combustible floors is not allowed.
433. Starting, operating and stopping thermal units must be carried out subject to the following measures:
a) check the amount of fuel in the consumable tank and water in the water tank before starting;
b) before turning on the unit, purge the combustion chamber with air;
c) make sure there is a spark between the electrodes of the spark plugs;
d) adjust the air supply;
e) after supplying fuel, adjust the combustion process to achieve a clean and bright flame.
After finishing the installation, close the fuel shut-off valve at the tank and the control valve on the burner, and blow out the installation with air.
434. During operation of the installation, it is necessary to periodically remove the mixing chamber and clean it of carbon deposits.
436. Thermal installations installed on farms can be put into operation only after their acceptance by a special commission appointed by order of the head of the farm with the participation of a representative of the State Fire Inspectorate.
Heat generators (aka heat guns) are, in principle, not the most complex technology. And heating a room with them is relatively simple. However, there are a number of rules for operating heat guns that ensure the safety of people, buildings and long life heating equipment.
Power supply
Stability of energy supply and fuel quality – the most important conditions long service heat guns.
Heat generators running on diesel fuel do not consume much electricity - for ignition, fan operation and automation. However, when the voltage is unstable, the electricity is periodically turned off - the control unit, wiring, thermostat, etc. can burn out in the heater.
If there are such “sins” behind your network, it makes sense to take care of voltage stabilizers and storage devices in advance. (And even if they are not found, why risk using equipment that is not the cheapest?) Voltage stability should be at least 220 V.
Fuel
Many models of heat generators allow the use of not only diesel fuel (diesel fuel), but also kerosene, fuel oil, and waste oil. But information about this must be contained in the instructions. In addition, manufacturers provide detailed requirements for fuel that can be used for a specific equipment model. We recommend that you take these instructions seriously: low-quality fuel - with impurities, additives, foreign inclusions - is quite capable of damaging the device, and dubious savings will result in multiple costs for repairs or the purchase of a new heater.
Another pitfall in winter period– refilling a heat generator installed outdoors (by the way, this is always done after turning it off) with liquids not intended for use at high negative temperatures. In this case, the fuel freezes, clogging the channel system, filters, and injectors. You literally have to defrost the equipment or clean it.
To preserve its properties, it is recommended to keep any fuel, even with antigel, in a warm room and warm it up before turning on the diesel heater.
Diesel heat guns, with all their power, are one of the most economical types of heating (approximately five liters per hour; one refueling – 10–15 hours of operation), so there is no need to skimp on the quality of fuel or the lack of special additives when working in the cold.
Installation of diesel fuel heat generators
The requirements relate mainly to fire safety. The surface on which the heat generator is installed must be flat, without slopes - so that fuel cannot spill, the device does not tip over and operates with maximum efficiency.
Care must be taken to maintain a minimum distance between the equipment and other objects:
- from the sides and near the air intake - 0.6 m
- top – 1.5 m
- near the outlet of the heated air stream - 3 m.
Naturally, the inlet and outlet air holes should not be blocked by anything.
Even if you purchased heat gun indirect heating - when combustion products are discharged outside through a special chimney - you need to take care of ventilation: oxygen is partially consumed for fuel combustion, not as much as with heating elements, but still. Taking into account ventilation, you will need to slightly increase the maximum power of the heater when choosing - a little more than what is needed for heating based on the area.
