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How to assemble a wooden staircase - yourself and from ready-made elements. Making wooden stairs, on a metal frame and on concrete flights with your own hands for a private home How to make a staircase with your own hands for a summer residence

When building a house, there is often a need to build stairs. After all, most projects imply the presence of a second floor. Stairs between floors can be built from different materials. However, wood is one of the simplest, most environmentally friendly and convenient. Even a beginner can handle this material.

Of course, the work will take some time. However, the work will quickly pay off, because a design made with soul will serve for many years to the delight of its owners. In addition, building a staircase with your own hands is significant savings funds.

Types of wooden stairs

In total, two main types can be distinguished wooden stairs:

• screw;
• marching.

Marching stairs- the simplest ones, therefore it is best for a beginner in construction to take up the construction of such a structure. Spiral staircases are very complex; they require careful calculations and measurements. One mistake and the design may not work out.

Marching stairs are divided, in turn, into two types: single-flight and double-flight. Both varieties are not that difficult to make yourself.

Straight staircase

Before you make a wooden staircase with your own hands, you need to purchase materials and prepare tools.

From the materials you need to take:

• thick boards (they will go on the steps);
• the bars are enough large section(about 40 mm);
• screws.

Before you make a wooden staircase, you must definitely think through its design on paper.

It would be very unwise to build without a drawing, so before building the stairs you need to take measurements and make a rough plan.

When taking measurements you need to take into account:

• height of the stairs;
• angle of inclination of the structure;
• number of steps;
• width.

You can create a similar diagram in in electronic format. There are special computer applications that allow you to create such models. Professional software for construction purposes may even have 3D functionality. However, it is not at all necessary to create such clear example when calculating a simple staircase.

Bowstring or stringer?

A simple marching staircase can be installed on stringers or on bowstrings. The difference is that the stringers are located on the side of the steps, and the stringers are located under the steps.

A simple flight staircase, as a rule, has two side strings. The steps are attached on both sides. The design described here will be arranged in exactly this way.

Installation

Painting the stairs

The entire process of painting stairs can be divided into three parts:

• Preparation;
• painting;
• protection (varnish layer).

First you need to prepare each element of the staircase for painting. This involves two types of work: puttying and sanding. Putty is produced using special mixtures that are intended exclusively for wood. It is prohibited to use compounds that are not suitable for wood.

When the putty layer has dried, you can begin sanding the surfaces. Grinding is carried out in two stages. The first stage is rough, superficial. After that you have to wait a couple of days. Very soon it will become noticeable that fibers are rising on the surface of the wood. Before the second grinding, they must be blown with air.

After grinding work the board becomes perfectly flat and smooth. Now you can start applying the coating.

When the surface of the stairs is ready for coating, you need to decide what it will be. Before painting a wooden staircase with paint, you need to apply a layer of primer. It is better to choose a primer that matches the color composition.

The choice of paint is best made among alkyd and urethane types of coating. They are ideal for painting flight of stairs. For flowers, it is preferable to take something light.

If desired, you can use stain instead of paint. The advantage of stain is that it perfectly emphasizes the unique grain of wood. The staircase will look just great. Natural drawing is always preferable. Why hide it coloring compounds, when it can serve as decoration in itself.

The stain can be chosen together with the varnish. It is advisable not to save money when purchasing. After all, the better the composition, the longer the structure itself will last. Stain - not only decorative finishing. This composition perfectly protects against various factors.

When the paint has dried, a finishing layer of varnish is applied to the surface. It is better to choose a matte varnish; a semi-matte variety is also suitable. In the case of stairs, varnishing is carried out in three stages. The composition is applied three times, and before each new application the previous layer must dry thoroughly. If bubbles form on the varnish, they must be sanded down.

If you still want to make a spiral staircase in your house, then you can try the simplest installation option. The advantage of this design is that it significantly saves space.

During construction, it is important to take into account that the stairs are not too steep. If there are elderly people and small children in the house, then it is wiser to abandon such a design, because it can be dangerous.

The easiest way to install a spiral staircase is to buy a ready-made, already measured kit and simply install it. Savings on installation will also bring significant benefits.

The design of a spiral staircase consists of three main elements: a rack, a railing and steps. It is better to choose oak steps. They are not only one of the most durable, but also have high aesthetic characteristics. Stained and thermal oak also look very good.

Before purchasing, you need to measure the dimensions of the future staircase in order to choose the design that exactly suits your home. A more expensive option is to hire a specialist who will measure everything himself, and then place an order for the design. If you have construction skills, you can make the steps yourself, ordering only the stand and railings. Most often, posts with railings are metal, but there are also wooden varieties.

Staircase device

1. The steps on one side have a place for attachment to the rack. On the other side there is a hole for the railing.
2. The stand is most often metal. It has a flange to which the steps are attached.
3. The most simple design spiral staircase - "in duck step" A special shape of steps is assumed here.
4. The rack is mounted between floors. It is attached to the floor with anchor bolts.
5. When the rack is installed, you can begin installing the steps. The distance between them should not exceed 20 cm. This is necessary for safety reasons.

The spiral staircase also has many decorative details. Moreover, each set can have its own decorations and various elements fastenings. When installing a regular flight of stairs, the calculation is carried out differently; the geometry of the opening is rectangular. In a spiral staircase, the staircase opening is a circle.

Video

You can learn more about the process of constructing wooden stairs in the following videos:

If you still decide to order the production of wooden stairs to the second floor, contact a trusted company with good reviews, compare prices for wooden stairs. It's up to you to buy ready-made stairs or make them yourself.

If you have already built two-storey house or you are the owner two-level apartment, then the topic of constructing a second floor staircase will be of interest to you.

In order to acquire a comfortable and high-quality staircase system, you have only three ways: buy already finished design in a specialized store, order the necessary model for a master carpenter, make a staircase with your own hands.

This article is dedicated to those who chose the third option. In it you will learn a lot useful information O staircase design, and also get acquainted with the step-by-step detailed instructions on making stairs in photos and videos.

For owners of a two-level home, a second floor staircase is a necessary attribute of the interior

What kind of stairs are there - a little theory

Before you start building a staircase with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of structure that will be most suitable for your home.

Types of stairs by design type

We will choose a system from three types:

• Marching.
• Screw.
• Combined.

Let's look a little at each of them.

Marching

This type is the easiest to produce and therefore, if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then this option will be the most suitable for you.

Single-flight designs, despite their apparent simplicity, can be beautiful and effective

Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into types:

• one-march;
• two-flight;
• multi-march.

Both the first and second types are considered not difficult to manufacture and are in greatest demand.

Screw

Such stairs are a spiral going up to the second floor. This type saves a lot of room space, but it is labor-intensive to produce.

The spiral staircase is original and beautiful, but its manufacture is best left to professionals

Combined

These systems combine the two previous types. Their production is the most difficult and therefore for self-construction doesn't fit.

Combined systems are more complex to manufacture and it will be quite difficult for a beginner to install them

Making a staircase with your own hands - manufacturing instructions

First, let's decide on the material of manufacture and prepare the tools necessary for the job.

Material selection

To produce a staircase structure, you can choose:

• tree;
• stone;
• concrete;
• metal;
• plastic.

A variety of materials can be used to make stairs

The most suitable material For self-made the stairs are definitely natural wood. Its advantages are obvious:

• environmental friendliness and safety;
• non-toxic;
• ease of processing;
• relatively economical price;
• long service life.

Therefore, for the construction of our stairs we will choose natural wood. It is best if it is pine wood - spruce, pine. You can also use ash, beech, maple, oak, birch and other species.

Natural wood is the most the best choice for making stairs with your own hands

So, we have decided on the type of structure to be erected - this is a flight of stairs. We also chose the easiest to process and environmentally friendly material– natural wood. Next moment you should prepare the necessary tools.

Preparing the tool

To make a wooden staircase with your own hands we will need:

• Measuring devices - tape measure, ruler, level.
• Hand-held electric drill.
• Hacksaw for woodworking.
• Screwdriver.
• Hammer.
• Electric planer.
• Sandpaper.

The optimal set of necessary tools

Preparing the main elements

Before installing the staircase system, it is necessary to prepare the following parts:

• Processed boards of the required sizes (in accordance with the drawing).
• Bars for the production of steps.
• Boards for steps.
• Bowstrings or stringers (depending on the type of construction).
• Railings, balusters, handrails - these parts can be purchased already in finished form.
• Fasteners – screws, self-tapping screws, bolts.

This figure shows in detail all the components of the structure.

Main stages of installation

In order to do quality stairs with your own hands, use the following manufacturing instructions in photos and videos.

Stage 1. Schematic drawing

Let's draw a drawing on which we indicate the main elements future design.

Stage 2. Perform the necessary calculations

Carrying out design calculations is probably the most grueling process, but it still needs to be done. This can be done in several steps:

• we determine the height of the structure - to calculate it, measure the distance from the plane of the floor of the first level to the floor of the 2nd floor. This will be the length of the march;
• we determine the height of the steps - usually the most optimal height for a person of average height 17 centimeters;
• we will calculate how many steps and risers will be needed - for this, we divide the height of the stairs, which we have already measured, by the height of the steps (17 cm);

Before making a staircase, it must be calculated

• tread width - for convenience when walking, the smallest value of this parameter should be 22 cm, and the largest should be 40 cm.

Stage 3. Making a kosour

We cut the beam prepared for this part to the required size and cut out the notches the right size for installing steps.

Stage 4. Checking the stringer

To do this, we place it in the place where the stairs will be located, and if necessary, we make adjustments to the part.

This diagram shows detailed calculations of the stringer

Stage 5. Attach the stringers

We attach the stringers and fasten them together to the top beam using anchor bolts.

The stringers are securely secured with anchor bolts

Stage 6. Installation of steps

The risers are attached to the stringer using self-tapping screws.

Today, most private houses are built on two or more floors. On this basis, the question arises about the need to move around the house, or rather, build a staircase. For such a structure, you can use various materials, both traditional and exclusive. But many owners of country houses, in order to save money, are interested in how to build a staircase with their own hands.

Types of wooden stairs

The first thing to consider when developing a project drawing is this is the size of the staircase landing. Also, when choosing a design, you need to take into account the cost of materials, the ease of use of the structure (during descent and ascent), especially if it is installed for daily use. It is also necessary to pay attention to the aesthetics of this structure, since it must fit into the style and interior of the rooms. Wooden stairs are divided into two types - marching and spiral. In order to choose for yourself which one is better to install, you need to understand the pros and cons of each of them.

Screw designs have quite complex shape, but their main advantage is that they take up minimal space, which is especially important in small house. It should be noted that such stairs are installed quite rarely when compared with marching ones. This is due to the fact that they are difficult to install and operate. Especially if you are lifting large equipment.

Nevertheless, such designs have many fans. Spiral staircases can become a real elegant element of the interior. Plus it's compact.

When installing screw structures, you need to carry out exact calculations, since making a small mistake during installation can lead to many injuries in the future.

Marching structures

Such buildings differ more high resistance and strength than screw ones. But screw designs take up a lot less space, than marching ones, they are installed less often.

Mostly in private houses, structures with one or two flights are installed. But in principle there could be more. They also come in many different designs.

To save space, marching structures are installed on two flights, and the second part can be rotated to the first from 90 to 180 degrees. When planning the main objective- this is the creation of comfortable conditions for using such a structure.

Sometimes, for convenience, curved flight stairs are installed. Smooth turning is ensured by installing corner steps. Such steps can also be installed on two-flight structures instead of a platform between them.

Single-flight wooden

Single-flight design- the most popular option among owners of private houses and not only. The staircase can be located either in the middle of the room or near the wall.

The area under the single-flight structure is also put to good use. For example, if you install a partition and put small door, there will be a functional utility room for storing things and tools.

It should also be noted that the advantage is the greater strength of such structures, since they have additional support in the form of walls.

Rotary step design

A single-flight staircase with rotating lower steps is usually installed to highlight the interior or due to the specific layout of the room. For example, if there is a window installed on the wall near the future staircase and you don’t want to cover it with a two-flight structure.

At the right approach not only to the design, but also to the interior of the room, turning steps will give the room elegance. At the same time, their functionality is not lost at all.

Two-flight simple

A staircase that has two flights and a turning platform between them, is often used when there is a need to install such a structure above front door, thereby significantly saving space. Moreover, it is very compact, and a closet for storing things under it can also be made.

The most popular material for building such structures is considered to be wood. Before you start installing a wooden staircase, you need to consider a few possible nuances. First of all, you need to decide on the type of structure.

Eg, spiral staircase takes up much less space. But the downside is the complexity of producing and installing such a staircase. Moreover, it is very inconvenient to move along such stairs, since they are quite narrow and it is difficult for a “large” person to climb and descend along them. And there can be no talk about transferring any equipment at all.

One of the most popular types of stairs in private households is the flight of stairs. Making a wooden staircase with your own hands is not difficult. They are very comfortable and spacious. Structures of this type come with one or two spans, but there is no fundamental difference in the construction technique.

There are also a few things to consider:

• How much space in the house is the owner willing to allocate for installation.
• What is the distance between floors?
• What kind of load does it have to withstand every day?
• What elements will the structure have, its height, width, length, etc.

After determining the shape and type of structure, it is necessary to prepare all materials for work. In order not to overpay for extra purchased material, you need to carefully consider the design and make an accurate drawing.

Don't forget about the clearance above the stairs. When a person of average height walks along it, he should not bend down or hit his head on the ceiling.

Having measured all the design parameters and made drawings, you can proceed to the purchase and preparation of all necessary materials. For similar designs you can use wood different breeds. Craftsmen generally recommend using oak, beech or larch. But these types of wood are very expensive. More economical option - coniferous trees. Moreover, they also have sufficient strength for such work and are easy to process.

When purchasing basic material, you must pay attention to its quality. It should not have rotten parts, fallen knots, cracks or various deformations. The wood must also be well dried. Knots on the tree are allowed, but not in large quantities. Such a tree is considered second-class. Furniture cannot be made from it and it is better to recycle it.

For installation you need:

In addition to the materials, you must first prepare the necessary tools:

• Measuring tools (tape measure, corner, construction ruler).
• Drill for making holes (you can use a battery-powered one).
• Hacksaw for wood and metal. Alternatively, you can use an electric saw and jigsaw.
• A set of screwdrivers or a screwdriver with different attachments.
• Chisel and hammer.
• Sandpaper.
• Plane.

A previously made drawing should always be near the construction site in order to be checked and not make mistakes.

The next step is to install a wooden staircase with your own hands. Step-by-step instructions are needed for correct and consistent assembly. When the drawing is in hand and all the materials and tools are ready, then work on assembling the structure can begin.

The following steps must be followed:

At this stage the assembly is complete. All that remains is to cover everything with a layer of varnish or paint. Before painting, you can apply a ball of antiseptic to protect against pests. If you want to make a staircase in wooden house, then this can also be done easily. The main thing is to follow a correctly prepared drawing, select quality materials and necessary tools. Then put in a little effort and you'll have a chic, comfortable and... required element interior at the disposal of its owner. A staircase will decorate your home and make life easier.

Today, most country houses are built with two or more floors. And in this case, the question arises with moving between levels, or rather, with the construction of stairs. For these purposes, you can use various materials, both traditional and modern. But probably one of the most popular materials for building stairs (and other structures) remains wood. It's beautiful, relatively inexpensive, and you can do it yourself. In this article and we'll talk about how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands.

Preparatory stage

Before you start building a wooden staircase in country house It's worth thinking through some details. Firstly, it is worth deciding on the type of construction. In private housing construction they are most often used two types of stairs:

• marching;
• screw.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a spiral staircase made of wood will take up much less free space. However, such designs are difficult to implement. In addition, the stairs themselves are quite narrow; it can be difficult for a “big” person to walk along them (not to mention carrying large-sized furniture or objects).

The most common option for a private home is considered wooden staircase. Such designs can be easily made with your own hands. They are quite spacious and easy to use. Marching stairs, depending on the height of the second floor, can have one or two flights. But there is no fundamental difference in the construction of each type.

Secondly, it's worth decide on some more parameters. Namely:

• how much free space you can allocate for installing stairs;
• what is the height between floors;
• what maximum load will the ladder have to withstand;
• what parts the structure will consist of (what type of steps to choose, what their height and width are, what fences to use, etc.).

WITH appearance You can decide by looking at numerous photos and videos from the Internet. Here you can find original solutions, some of which can be completely implemented independently, with your own hands. Also from the video you can get acquainted in more detail with instructions for the manufacture and installation of wooden stairs.

Once you have decided on the type of wooden staircase and its components, it is worth preparing all the necessary material. But for this you need to make calculations of the future structure and its drawing. At the beginning calculate all indicators. Namely:

It is also worth considering the width of the clearance above the stairs. When you go up the steps, your head should be clear so that you don't hit yourself. The length of the string or bowstring is also calculated.

Preparing the necessary material and tools

Knowing all the design parameters, you can prepare required material . Wooden stairs can be made from different species. Many experts recommend using oak, beech or larch. But such materials are quite expensive. Most often used conifers. They are quite durable, easy to process and inexpensive.

When purchasing wood, it is important to pay attention to its quality. There should be no rotting areas, fallen knots or deformations on the boards. Also make sure that the wood is well dried.

For installation of wooden stairs in the house you will need:

• bars for stringers, their thickness should be at least 50 mm, and their width should be in accordance with the size of the steps. The length of the bar must be enough for the entire length of the march; sewing two bars together is not allowed;
• tread boards 40 mm thick;
• boards for steps 30 mm thick;
• it is better to purchase balusters, railings and other accessories ready-made, they will have a more aesthetic appearance;
• galvanized self-tapping screws, screws and anchor bolts for fastening.

In addition, it is necessary prepare the tool for work. Namely:

• devices for marking and measuring (tape tape, rulers, construction corner);
• To make holes you will need a drill (preferably an electric one);
• a hacksaw for wood (for large parts) and a hacksaw for metal (for small parts);
• screwdriver or better screwdriver with a set of nozzles;
• hammer and chisel for making grooves;
• plane (preferably electric);
• sanding cloth.

And, of course, a detailed drawing should be at hand.

Building a staircase

Now let's get acquainted with the instructions for installing the wooden staircase itself in the house. The drawing is ready, the materials and tools are in place, you can get started. Installation of stairs do it yourself in the following sequence:

This completes the assembly of the stairs. Remains only cover all surfaces protective layer in the form of varnish. If you wish, you can cover all surfaces with paint.

If you want to build a wooden staircase in a country house with your own hands, then this is quite feasible. The main thing is to carefully calculate everything, make a preliminary drawing and select good material. And then a little effort and time spent and a beautiful and comfortable wooden staircase, made by yourself, is ready. It will surely decorate your home and bring coziness and comfort into it.

Some people believe that making stairs is very difficult and labor-intensive process and it is better to entrust it to professionals. They may be right, but in fact, with a little free time, desire, and a small set of tools, you can install the stairs yourself. Well, so that you don’t get confused and lose your way when building a staircase in your private home, we have prepared this article.

Types of stairs

According to their design, stairs are divided into many types and subspecies. Before you start building a staircase to the second floor, you need to decide on its type, because they are classified according to many criteria:

• according to their intended purpose, they are divided into basic ones, which are used regularly in Everyday life; auxiliary (these include roof ladders, service and emergency ladders). There are also front, garden and park staircases, moving staircases (escalator);

• depending on location differentiate internal stairs, street stairs, internal and internal stairs;
• according to the material used distinguished: wooden (oak, pine, beech, larch, ash, cedar), concrete (staircases are mainly made from this material in most residential and production premises), reinforced concrete, brick, metal, forged, rope, glass and plastic, natural and artificial stones; There are also various combination options;
• stairs are divided by type of construction: stringer, bowstring, on rails, cantilever staircases (floating staircase), modular;
• by presence of riser there are open, closed and semi-closed staircases;
• by number and configuration of marches staircases are divided into single-flight, multi-flight, rotary (U-shaped, L-shaped stairs and screw interfloor);

• depending on the shape There are straight steps, winder steps and steps called “goose step”.

A DIY staircase can become a home decoration and a source of pride. Its creation is a very exciting process, and determining the type of staircase you want to make is the most initial and very important stage construction, which will help you most fully form an idea of ​​what the entire structure as a whole should look like.

The main components of the stairs

The main details of the staircase will largely depend on what type of structure you have chosen for the construction.

A very interesting and quite budget-friendly option for a staircase can be a staircase made of logs in a country house or in a private house in the village. Using this example, we will try to analyze all possible combinations and options. necessary elements stairs.

List of required elements:

• staircase frame - a do-it-yourself log staircase can be made on a metal frame (not quite a budget option due to the high cost of metal), but this option is rarely used due to the fact that a staircase made of logs will look most harmonious when used wooden stringers, in addition to this, a design option on rails using railing posts and steps as a supporting structure is also possible;
• steps - for the steps of the stairs themselves, logs will be used, they must first be sawed in half, it will be more convenient to do this with a circular saw;
• marching spans and turning platforms separating them;
• railings – possible various options, both wooden, forged, metal, and combined, it all depends on your design decisions;
• balusters - racks for railings;
• riser – the use of risers in this version of stairs is not advisable.

Requirements for the design of stairs

When constructing stairs, it is necessary to adhere to the standards developed and specified in GOST and SNiP. You should pay special attention to the following indicators:

• flight of stairs, if it is not followed, the staircase may be too steep;

• necessary for comfortable ascent or descent, the most optimal width steps (tread) are considered to be wide enough to fully accommodate the foot;
• (riser) is a very important parameter, by observing which you can reduce the load on many muscle groups and make ascent/descent easier;

• Also, a very important parameter is the size of the opening in the ceiling, because it also determines how comfortable it will be to climb the stairs, especially for tall people. If the opening is insufficient, when going up or down the stairs, a person will be forced to bend over so as not to hit his head.

Assembly and installation instructions

Probably the most important thing when installing a ladder with your own hands is step-by-step instruction, because so as not to miss a single one the slightest detail, you must have a precise plan of action. There are many various examples, in which people, believing that “I can do it this way” or “it should stay that way, where will it go”, ultimately face the fact that the constructed staircase is simply not suitable for use and, in order to correct the mistake, most often you have to redo a lot or even start all over again.

Your task is not just to make a staircase so that it exists, you need to make an integral part of the house that will serve for a long time, reliably and become part of the interior, so speed is not an assistant in these matters.

Below we will discuss the main points that you need to pay attention to:

• preparatory stage (to determine the materials used, shape and location);
• calculations (most main stage in technical terms, without completing which, you risk making many mistakes that will lead to the impossibility of using the ladder in the future);
• installation and assembly;
• stage of processing, design, finishing.

How to make a staircase to the second floor from glass

The glass staircase to the second floor is probably one of the most unusual and interesting options staircase execution. Such a staircase looks very easy in the interior, a huge plus is that it can either be completely unnoticeable or be a key element of the interior when correct design and backlighting.

A glass staircase is probably almost the only type of staircase that is difficult to make yourself without the help of professionals.

Most of the stairs can still be made independently, depending on the type of design chosen:

• on a metal frame;
• on pain;
• cantilever staircase.

More detailed information about each type of design can be found on our website.

The most difficult and crucial moment is the preparation of glass steps and railings. The thing is that in order for the glass to be strong enough and withstand the required load, it must go through the stages of hardening and gluing to ensure maximum resistance to possible loads. In terms of reliability, such a staircase is not inferior to its analogues made of wood and metal.

The thickness of glass steps may vary depending on the project, but it should not be less than 19 mm.

At first glance, it may seem that the glass will be slippery and such a staircase can be dangerous; for this, the steps must undergo special treatment, the surface is made a little rough and a special coating is applied to it, which prevents slipping.

It is dangerous to use glass stairs outdoors. Moisture or frost will make the glass very slippery and this can lead to falls and injuries. It is also not recommended to use such a ladder during interior spaces with high humidity.

How to make a wrought iron staircase at home

Forging is the most beautiful and elegant material for stairs. Wrought iron staircases quite often attract attention, creating the feeling of a truly royal interior.

Forged stairs are used not only in interior spaces; very often they are installed on the veranda or terrace.

Creating a forged staircase with your own hands in most cases is only possible using the “cold forging” technology. For hot forging, you will need a special forge (furnace) to heat the metal. IN financially hot forging is a more expensive method and is impractical when small production at home for your own needs.

Let's consider the technology cold forging. Although it is cheaper than hot, it also requires additional tool. In the very simple version you need a vice, a gas wrench, and a hammer, but with such a set of tools it is difficult to create many similar parts for a ladder. To do this you need to use a specialized tool:

• snail - with its help, it is possible to make a spiral from a rod with a diameter of up to 12 mm;

• bender - allows you to bend the rod both into an arc and at a certain angle;

• flashlight - with its help it is possible to make artistic elements such as lighting lanterns and baskets from rod (up to 16 mm for square section and up to 30 mm for round);

• wave - by passing a round or square rod, you can get a sinusoidal element. Sizes are set individually;

• twister - a rod for equipment can be bent around an axis several times. Outwardly it resembles a flashlight, it works with the same diameter of workpieces.

After all the elements have been given the necessary pattern and bend, you will need welding machine to connect all the elements. At each point where the elements connect to each other and to the frame, it is necessary to make small spot seams so that, if necessary, they can be torn off and changes made. After the railings are assembled, all joints should be thoroughly welded, cleaned and processed.

How to make a wooden staircase in a country house?

The most warm material for stairs is wood, it brings extra heat in the cozy atmosphere of home. Wood is probably the most flexible material with which you can make staircase elements in a variety of shapes and styles, from classic rectangular and strict, to carved, with various curves and shapes.

Before you start making the stairs, you need to carry out full calculations all parameters, the width of the stairs, the height of the steps, the angle of inclination of the stairs and, of course, determine the type of structure. The type of wood that will be used for the stairs is also selected.

When making a log house in a house, you will have to go through the following stages of installing a log staircase:

• The stringers in this staircase will be rounded logs. First, it is necessary to prepare semicircular recesses in the logs of the same diameter as the logs used for the steps.
• The steps are available in two versions. By sawing the log into two identical parts in half, we get two steps. Or you can make a hole in the middle of the log so that the log remains round at the edges and flat in the middle. It is necessary to ensure that this flat part is of such width that two people can pass each other on the stairs.

• The final stage in the installation of any wooden staircase is wood processing. Wood is susceptible to rotting, destruction is possible due to the formation of mold or insects, and wood fire is also a very dangerous moment. To eliminate all of the above points, it is necessary to treat the wood with antiseptics and fire retardants. Please note that some elements need to be processed before you completely assemble the staircase, because some parts will then be inaccessible, as they will overlap each other, for example, notches on the stringers.

We have presented a version of the simplest single-flight log staircase. Depending on the characteristics of the building, the height of the ceilings, and the space for the stairs, there are many options for stairs, with turning platforms, and spiral ones. Wooden stairs also do not have to be log or carved. Depending on the design there are many modern options wooden stairs, which in their uniqueness can compete with glass stairs.

How to build a concrete staircase in a house

If you decide to build, then this structure will be the most durable, reliable and will last longer than its counterparts made from other materials. Durability and strength are achieved subject to compliance with all construction standards, both in terms of the size of the stairs (so that the spans are not too long, sagging, without proper reinforcement), and in terms of use quality materials in the right proportions.

With a properly built structure (stair formwork), it is possible to build a wide variety of stairs - from classic straight single-flight or corner stairs to round (spiral) ones. It is also possible to build stairs according to an individual design project with the most crazy shapes.

Let's look at the step-by-step construction of a staircase in a private house with our own hands:

• As we wrote earlier on initial stage(at the design stage), to achieve the required structural strength, it is necessary to perform all calculations according to the selected type of staircase. The main thing to remember is that any non-standard staircase requires careful attention to calculations.
• At the next stage, it is necessary to prepare the formwork; the formwork structure must be strong, so special attention should be paid to the materials used. Boards or plywood from 20 mm are best suited, beams for supports are at least 50x100 mm. If there are semicircular elements of the staircase, it is better to use a thin sheet of metal; it is strong enough, will not break under the weight of concrete and is quite elastic to give the steps a rounded shape. The weight of 1 m 3 of concrete is 2-2.5 tons. This must be remembered when selecting materials for formwork. It is better to connect the formwork elements using self-tapping screws.

• Adds additional reliability to the staircase reinforced frame, the presence of which is mandatory in order to avoid the appearance of cracks in the concrete, the presence of which can lead to the collapse of the entire structure. The metal frame is formed from reinforcement with a diameter of 10-12 mm. At the stage of pouring the floor and ceilings, it is important to leave protruding reinforcement at the junction with the stairs to connect it with the metal structure of the stairs.
• Finally, the pouring stage. The quality of concrete must be at least B 15 (cement quality is at least 400); the use of special stabilizers and water repellents is allowed, which increase the strength of concrete. It is necessary to fill the entire staircase at once. If there are a large number of flights, the pouring should be divided into spans.
• After pouring, it is necessary to remove all air bubbles from the concrete. To do this you will need a special vibration tool. It is immersed in already poured concrete, under the influence of vibration the air will come to the surface, this increases the strength of the concrete, eliminating porosity.
• Finally, the concrete must harden and become more durable; for this, it is necessary to periodically moisten the concrete; in hot weather, the stairs must be covered with film to slow down the evaporation of moisture. If this is not done, cracks will form due to the fact that the concrete dried out faster than it hardened. After 20-30 days, the concrete will gain the necessary strength, after which you can remove the film and formwork.

DIY metal staircase in a cottage

One of the types metal stairs We have already discussed above (wrought iron staircase), in this section we will consider a simpler option for constructing a staircase to the second floor from metal.

Of course, from this material it is possible to build not only simple stairs, but also the most unique one, it all depends on your project and your abilities. We, in turn, will try to describe as clearly as possible all the actions that you will need to perform so that you get exactly the staircase that you have in mind.

As with the construction of any staircase, at the initial stage you need to make all the calculations according to the chosen staircase option. Depending on the type of structure, dimensions and calculations, you should select materials for your future staircase.

In this article we will tell you about a simple one-flight metal staircase.

• The stringer for the stairs will be made of channel or rectangular pipe 80x100 mm. Two channels must be placed on edge at a distance according to the designed width of your stairs.

• If the flight of stairs needs to be made long, then it is necessary to install supporting pillars.
• Next, fillets must be welded to the channel, which can be made from a channel of the same size; the fillies must be mirror welded to the channel.
• In the future, steps will be laid on the previously made fillies, which can be made from different material depending on your interior and where the stairs will be used.

Painting and decorating stairs

After you have completed the construction of the staircase, you are faced with the task of decorating the staircase according to the interior of your home.

To finishing concrete stairs you can proceed without any intermediate steps. There are many variations in the design of concrete stairs, the most common options are:

• Decorating the stairs with wood– it can be either laminate or solid wood. Using wood to finish a concrete staircase, you can achieve such results that upon completion of the work it will be difficult to understand that the staircase was originally concrete.

• Painting the stairs– it will be necessary to putty the entire staircase for painting in order to achieve smooth surface, in this option it is better not to putty the steps themselves, but to paint them right away, because under the load of walking the putty will fly off the steps along with the paint.

• Tiling the stairs– there are many options for tiles: ceramic, porcelain stoneware, clinker. The choice of tiles largely depends on the location of the stairs and on environment(should the tiles be frost-resistant, anti-slip, etc.).

Homemade wrought-iron staircases and do-it-yourself staircases made of metal must be additionally treated with a primer coating before painting them, this is due to the fact that the metal is susceptible to corrosion and it is necessary to prevent the formation of rust and destruction of the metal.

Wood and log stairs are most often treated with a clear varnish to preserve the grain of the wood, but whatever you choose to paint your wood stairs with, it should also be treated to prevent mold, mildew, or insects from forming.

A glass staircase requires minimal processing, although a lot depends on the design of such a staircase. If the staircase is made on metal frame, then it also needs to be processed as described earlier.