What is the name of the water drain pipe? Which pipes should be chosen for the driveway ditch? Calculation of the required number of elements of the drainage system
The drainage system is a necessary element of any building, designed to protect the facade and foundation of the structure from the adverse effects of precipitation. Today there is a wide range of drainage systems on sale, differing significantly in both material of manufacture and geometric dimensions, as well as design and color.
In this article we will tell you how you can choose the size yourself.
The products of this company are made of polyvinyl chloride (also known as PVC) and are distinguished by high technical and performance characteristics, modern appearance and affordable cost. The standard dimensions of the drain pipe are 3 or 4 m. Gutters are produced in the same length. The diameter of the pipes can be 63, 90, 110 mm. The gutter dimensions are 75, 100, 125, 150 mm. These are the optimal parameters for the drainage system of most country houses
, shops, cafes or other commercial buildings.
How is the size of the drain determined? Key function of any drainage system – effectively remove water from the roof of a building during precipitation, preventing erosion of the foundation and wetting of the facade. If you make the size of the drainage elements smaller than the required value, during heavy rain some of the water will still fall on important structural elements
building. Which is unacceptable.
Otherwise, if you take the dimensions of the drainage pipes significantly larger than the required value, you will get a significant increase in the cost of the entire system. In addition, larger diameter gutters and pipes are more difficult to install and have a greater impact on the appearance of the building, distorting the architect or designer's intent.
What factors influence the selection of the sizes of gutters and drainage pipes? Let's list them:
firstly, the roof area - the larger it is, the larger elements of the system will be required;
secondly, the climatic features of the region - that is, what is the maximum amount of precipitation that falls in a given area over a certain period of time; thirdly, architectural and design features
roofing - configuration, slope, materials used play a role here;
Currently, there are precise standards that help design the optimal drainage system in each specific region of our country. GOST 7623 enjoys the greatest confidence among specialists. Without going into details, its main provisions, which help determine the required size of a plastic drain, can be described by the following recommendations:
external drainage systems are designed for roofs with a slope of at least 15° - otherwise it is necessary to install an internal drainage system;
the distance between two adjacent drainpipes should not exceed 10 m;
for each square meter the roof surface area must be at least 1.5 square centimeters of the cross-sectional area of the drainpipe;
The slope of the gutters of the drainage system must be at least 2°.
Using these recommendations, we will try to calculate the diameter of the drainage pipes for a symmetrical gable roof with a total area of 240 square meters. m:
per slope, therefore, there are 120 sq. m;
Let's calculate the cross-sectional area of the pipe: 120/1.5=80 sq. cm;
from the formula for the area of a circle S=πr² we can derive the diameter of the pipe we need D=101 mm;
Therefore, for efficient water drainage we will need a Bryza pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. New, cafe or other commercial buildings.
Calculation of the required number of elements of the drainage system
Determining the size of the drain pipe is only the first step to create effective system drainage of water from the roof of a building. As a rule, a modern plastic drain includes many different elements:
gutters, which serve to collect precipitation flowing from the roof;
drain funnels, which are installed in the gutter and drain the water accumulated there further into the pipes;
drainpipes - installed vertically, necessary for further drainage of sediments into storm sewers;
external and internal corners of gutters, which allow you to install a drain around the perimeter of a complex roof geometry;
fastening elements: hooks for holding gutters, clamps for fixing water pipes;
elbows, tees, pipe connectors, plugs, etc.
Before making a detailed calculation of the required number of certain elements of the drainage system, you should analyze the features of the roof. For conventional gable roofs, the drain consists of two separate, unconnected parts. In this case, performing the calculation is not difficult. Depending on the length of the roof, it is selected required quantity gutters. For a small building, it is enough to install one drainpipe; for a larger building, it is better to install two.
When hip roof required large quantity elements, since it is necessary to arrange drainage around the entire perimeter. The situation is even more complicated with the roof. complex configuration. Here we will have to carefully analyze the geometry of the facades and select large number parts: external and internal corners, connecting and fastening elements.
If you are afraid of making a mistake when calculating the drainage system of your home and selecting necessary elements, you can always count on qualified assistance from our employees. They have great knowledge in this area and will be happy to provide you with the necessary information.
Sewage drainage systems perform extremely important functions - they drain excess water from the site. The drainage, as a rule, is organized outside, into a ditch, the nearest storm water outlet central sewer etc.
On private plots, ditches along the perimeter of the driveway are still common. They do have their advantages. In this article we will tell you how you can put a pipe in a ditch for a race, that is, to form a kind of tunnel for Wastewater, leaving the possibility of free passage of equipment to the site.
Contents of the article
Main nuances
The ditch along the perimeter of the road performs very important functions. It is into this that water flows from rain or melted snow, freeing the road from precipitation.
In villages and areas remote from the city, organize central system drainage of wastewater, especially atmospheric wastewater, is expensive and difficult, so people make do with more practical options.
The ditches also become a kind of drain, collecting all excess water from both the road and the site itself. The only problem is the passage of equipment and the general connection of the site with the road.
To do this, it is necessary to organize a bridge strong enough to support the car. And not only passenger cars, but also cargo ones. Nobody knows what you may need in the future.
For such tasks, a pipe is placed in a ditch. They also say that they place a pipe in the ditch for the drive, that is, they organize a bridge with a pipe integrated into it, which will not interfere with the flow of liquid through the ditch.
You need to place the pipe for the ditch on the drive in the correct way. And before that you need to choose perfect material, otherwise the pipe for the drive-in ditch will either not withstand external pressure or simply collapse over time (not too long).
Material selection
Pipes for a top-loaded ditch are selected according to several basic characteristics. They must have a sufficient level of ring rigidity. It doesn't matter that a concrete bridge will likely be poured over the ditch. Concrete only distributes and transmits loads, but it cannot completely eliminate them.
Not to mention the fact that concrete structures with such small dimensions are, in principle, not capable of anything more than transmitting load-bearing forces.
Also, the pipes for the ditch must be made durable. They are constantly in, let's say, unfavorable conditions. Dampness, water, wet soil, a huge number of bacteria, constant freezing cycles - this is only a small part of all working conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to choose carefully, taking into account the characteristics of future operation.
The most popular and sought-after options include the following samples:
- steel;
- concrete;
- plastic.
Steel as a material for drainage pipelines is not the best choice. Especially taking into account today's realities and the presence of a huge number of plastic analogues. However, before it was used almost everywhere. The steel perfectly withstands external loads and has a sufficient level of ring rigidity.
Being susceptible to corrosion, it still retains its working appearance for decades, and for drainage channels no more is required.
Concrete channels are the second most popular option. With concrete everything is clear. It is easily mined, relatively cheap, and has excellent corrosion resistance.
It is advisable to purchase reinforced concrete products. They are now a generally recognized standard, and are very much in demand as pipes for driveway ditch.
An analogue of concrete can be asbestos cement, a formerly popular material used on large construction sites. Nowadays, asbestos-cement pipes are out of use, but they are still available in abundance and are sold cheaply.
Plastic corrugated pipes
If we talk about modern products, then - of course, the best option. This implies a corrugated model. It should be considered in more detail.
Plastic, as you probably already know - in construction industry made a real breakthrough. This is especially true for plumbing. For all its lightness and cheapness, it is durable, has good rigidity, and is not susceptible to external influences.
This applies to both small-sized pipes intended for internal use and large ones.
Corrugated polymer models also belong to the class of large pipeline products. They are called corrugated due to the outer frame made of curved plastic ribs. The ribs make it possible to form a kind of protective skeleton, increasing the annular rigidity of the structure several times.
Corrugated pipeline products must be produced according to special technology, it is worth noting that they are quite expensive, so they are produced mainly for external use and only in large diameters.
The standard plastic one with a corrugated body consists of two layers. The outer layer is a layer of high-strength corrugated plastic, the inner layer is smooth coating that does not interfere with the passage of waste water.
The advantages of such products also include ease of installation. You don't need to waste time attracting equipment, people, deploying a crane, etc. Laying corrugated pipes for ditches is made by hand. It is enough to have several assistants.
While concrete structures, even relatively small ones, can be installed with suspended equipment and sufficient experience.
Laying pipes in a ditch (video)
Installation
Let's consider the technology of laying pipes for drainage ditches. Here you need to follow several rules and strictly follow the instructions.
Stages of work:
- We dig a trench up to 1 meter deep with sloped walls.
- Compact the soil at the bottom.
- Making a sand pillow.
- We install the pipe on the pillow.
- We fill the ditch with sand.
- We install a crushed stone cushion on top. It is advisable to take crushed stone from granite chips middle fraction.
- Lay a layer of geotextile.
- We install the formwork for the upper concrete frame.
- We pour concrete.
- We lay the outer decorative layer or asphalt covering.
It is advisable to act in order and not ignore any of the points. After all, each of them is very important.
Yes, availability sand cushion protects the outer layer of the pipe from damage, premature freezing, etc. It also fills gaps between ditch walls and borders well drainage channel. It is very important to make sure that the water will flow through the pipe and not past it.
The presence of a layer of crushed stone stabilizes the substrate and becomes a kind of stabilizer.
Geotextiles distribute loads from future concrete preparation, while fastening the base underneath. It also prevents water from directly seeping into the crushed stone and eroding it.
WITH concrete structure on top of geotextiles, I think everything is clear. Her task is load distribution. There is no need to fill it in manually. If you have, for example, an abandoned floor slab, you can safely mount it. The main thing is that the material is in good condition.
Theoretically, you can do without it, replacing it with a thick layer of well-compacted soil and high-quality asphalt pavement, but in practice such bridges are seriously inferior to reinforced concrete ones in terms of strength and durability.
Drainpipe represents an element the whole system, which is responsible for draining melt and rainwater from the roof of the building. This design must be installed on any building. Pipes for water drainage can be attached to the outside of the walls, going down along the entire perimeter. Sometimes they are mounted in internal cavity buildings, and the structure becomes invisible.
The type of gutter that is right for your home depends on several factors. It is about them that we will talk further.
Why are they installed?
Drainage systems need not be installed only if the house is one-story and has a fairly large area. But even under such conditions, it is necessary to extend the roof overhangs as much as possible so that they act as a drain. In all other cases, pipes are necessary because they protect the structure from the adverse effects of precipitation. In particular:
- unaesthetic stains on the facade, destruction and damage to finishing materials;
- destruction of the blind area and foundation due to constant erosion;
- distortion of the structure due to land subsidence;
- the appearance of cracks and irregularities in brickwork and a layer of plaster;
- wetting and deformation of wood;
- water getting into the seams between facade tiles;
- getting wet and damaging the insulation and load-bearing walls due to moisture getting inside the curtain walls.
If you install quality system drainage system, then you can forget about all these consequences. Moreover, on modern market There is a huge selection of designs that differ in their cost, size, performance characteristics, external design and service life.
Features and elements
Gutters of any type have a similar design, even if they are made of different materials. Let us list the main elements that make up any modern drainage system:
- gutter– a horizontal channel of small diameter, which is installed along the edge of the roof and is used to direct the flow of water through funnels into the pipe;
- pipe– a vertical element necessary for draining water into special receivers;
- tees– drainage parts necessary for pipe installation;
- pipe connectors– additional element vertical design or gutters;
- brackets– used for attaching gutters to the roof;
- clamps– used to ensure reliable fastening of vertical pipe elements;
- knees (circles)– to bypass the drain and decorative elements facade;
As well as drainage funnels, gutter caps, ebb tides (marks), etc.
Classification
Drainpipes are divided according to several parameters.
- Section shape. Pipes come in round, square and rectangular cross-section. The last type uses special demand due to its originality.
- Material of manufacture. On modern construction market drains made of plastic, metal-plastic and metal are presented. Metal products are galvanized, copper and copper with zinc-titanium coating, steel and steel with polymer coating.
Also, drainpipes differ in their dimensions.
Dimensions
The dimensions of pipes and gutters must comply with the current GOST 7623-84. According to this document, the diameter of the downspout differs depending on the size of the roof. Let's give specific example(roof area – pipe diameter):
- up to 30 m2 – 80 mm;
- up to 50 m2 – 90 mm;
- more than 125 m2 – 100 mm.
There are also gutters different diameters. The most popular sizes are 10, 12, 12.5, 14, 15, 18, 20 centimeters. Optimal size gutters and pipes for your roof can be found in a special table state standard. The diameter of the pipes and the number of risers must be determined taking into account the area of the slopes, the shape of the roof, and the approximate intensity of precipitation.
Metal and plastic: pros and cons
Metal gutters
Metal structures are divided into several categories, depending on the material of the pipes:
- Galvanized. They are suitable for installation in private homes, industrial facilities, prefabricated warehouses and auxiliary structures. Such pipes are characterized by low price and availability, but they quickly corrode. In addition, during rain and the movement of water through galvanized pipes it creates a large amount of noise.
- Copper. Such pipes are practical, durable, aesthetically pleasing, and do not create much noise. However, over time, a patina forms on the copper surface, which significantly affects the appearance designs. In addition, the cost of copper products is quite high.
- Aluminum. This type of structure is characterized by durability, versatility, unpretentiousness in installation and operation. Since such metal is light in weight, the load on the facade remains minimal. Aluminum pipes They are inexpensive and have a neat appearance.
- Aluzinc plated. Such structures consist of steel coated with aluzinc - a composition of silicon, zinc and aluminum. The result is aesthetic structures that are resistant to external influences. Their service life is at least 30 years.
In addition to the aluzinc film, a water-repellent polyurethane coating is applied to the structure on all sides, which protects the material from rusting. The surface of the pipes can be different, even imitating bronze, copper and other expensive metals.
The main disadvantage of metal drains is their high thermal conductivity. As a result, ice may form inside the pipes.
Plastic
This material is in great demand due to its low cost. Besides, plastic gutters have other advantages:
- variety of shapes and sizes when manufactured by extrusion;
- corrosion resistance;
- minimum weight;
- noiselessness;
- aesthetic appearance;
- ease of assembly.
Also plastic structures goes well with soft tiles and look much better than their metal counterparts. However, such drains have a number of disadvantages:
- not resistant to temperature changes;
- fade under the influence of ultraviolet radiation;
- become brittle and brittle in the cold;
- easily deformed if externally damaged.
In this regard, it is better to use plastic gutters only inside buildings in regions with a temperate climate.
Metal-plastic
In view of their design characteristics, such drainage systems are usually called combined. They are made of galvanized steel, which is coated on both sides polymer layer. The result is high-quality, durable, aesthetic and reliable design. However, the cost of such a product will be quite high.
If plastisol is used for coating, the pipes become resistant to rust and mechanical damage. And also the designs do not:
- deformed due to temperature changes;
- exposed external influence, including ultraviolet radiation;
- create extraneous noise;
- require special care;
- form ice inside.
In addition, such designs have excellent external characteristics. They do not lose their aesthetic appearance for a long time. Moreover, the thicker the spray layer, the better the quality.
Calculation and installation
You can install a drainage system in a private home with your own hands or with the help of professionals. In any case, the work begins with the calculation of all the necessary materials.
First of all, you need to purchase a ready-made drainage system. This will significantly facilitate the installation process of the structure, especially since in modern construction stores There is a huge selection of similar products available. Depending on your preferences, choose plastic or metal system, which is painted by galvanic method.
To construct a drain you will need the following elements:
- gutters or trays - their standard length is 3 m;
- pipes for vertical drainage of rain and melt water 3 or 4 meters long;
- brackets for fixing trays;
- clamps for fastening pipes;
- funnels;
- knee;
- silicone sealant for processing joints of roof drainage elements.
You also need to prepare everything in advance necessary tools: tape measure, screwdriver, plumb bob, hacksaw.
It is better to use a regular hacksaw, since it is necessary to cut plastic or metal drains. electrical appliances Not recommended.
We carry out the calculation required quantity elements.
- Trays. To accurately calculate the number of gutters required for a simple gable roof, you need to measure the length of the eaves and divide it by 3 (the length of the tray), and round the result to big side. When performing calculations, be sure to take into account that the trays are mounted at a slope of approximately 2-5 degrees and are inserted into each other to ensure maximum tightness of the structure. Thus, the connection is obtained with an overlap of 5-10 centimeters.
- Pipes. When calculating the diameter of the pipes, you should take into account the area of the roof slope and the approximate volume of water that will pass through it. The larger the volume, the larger the diameter of the pipe. The same rule applies to trays. Let's look at examples of calculations for different cases, when the slope area:
- less than 50 m2: pipe diameter – 75 mm, tray width – 100 mm;
- 50-100 m2: pipe diameter – 87 mm, tray width – 125 mm;
- more than 150 m2: pipe diameter – 100-120 mm, lot width – 190 mm.
In order to calculate the number necessary pipes, you need to measure the height from the ground to the eaves, multiply the result by 4 (number of risers) and divide by 3 (length of the product). If necessary, the number of pipes can be increased.
- Funnels. These structural links are installed in the corners of the building, which means that for a quadrangular house with gable roof You will need at least 4 funnels. If the eaves of the structure are longer than the standard one, you can install several additional funnels (at least 1 per 10 m gutter) to reduce the load on the roof.
- Brackets, clamps, elbows. Brackets for trays are installed every 50-60 cm. To secure each pipe you will need an average of 2 clamps. The number of elbows differs depending on the complexity of the design; there can be 2 or 4.
- Number of corners and plugs for them depend on the roof configuration.
Today, many manufacturing companies offer online calculations of drainage systems on their websites.
Installation
All installation is carried out from top to bottom - this is important rule which cannot be neglected. Only in this case the quality of installation will be at the highest level.
- We find the middle of the cornice and put a point there, it is in this place that the first bracket needs to be secured. In this case, the upper edge of the gutter must be laid on it so that the distance between its edge and the roof is at least 3 centimeters. Due to this, water will not splash when entering the tray.
- A self-tapping screw is screwed into the marked point, and a special strong fishing line is tied to it. We install the remaining brackets along this line.
- We lay gutters. If necessary, the trays are trimmed using a hacksaw, and the edges are sanded with a file.
- Next we install the pipes. If the pipe does not have any bends, then simply insert its edge into the funnel. During work, it is necessary to use a plumb line to maintain strict verticality of the structure. If the drainpipe is installed on difficult area, which has bends, then special elbows are used during its installation.
- Clamps of different shapes are used to secure pipes. They can be attached directly to the wall of the house or at some distance from it. Clamps must be installed at the junction of two pipes. If necessary, you can install an additional clamp in the middle of each pipe.
- If the site has been storm drain, then the lower edges of the pipes must be diverted to water intakes.
- This completes the process of installing a drainage system. If you strictly follow the instructions, installation will not take much time and effort.
To ensure that your gutter installation work is successful, take note of a few useful tips from experts in this field.
- Use silicone sealant to apply to pipe joints. This will allow for reliable sealing of the seams during pipe displacement and temperature changes.
- Avoid mistakes when attaching the brackets. Such an element is installed under gutters in three ways: fastening to rafter legs, to the front strip under the cornice, along the outermost element of the sheathing. The main condition for any option is the correct tilt angle.
- Install the structure only at an air temperature of at least -5 degrees.
- Strictly ensure that the distance between the brackets does not exceed permissible norm. Otherwise, depressurization of joints and sagging of the structure may occur, and this will inevitably lead to water leakage.
- Be sure to check that the tray coincides with the edge of the cornice along its entire axis. Since even a slight displacement in any direction will lead to a leak.
- After completing installation of the structure, be sure to check the drainage. It is necessary to know for sure that the system will withstand the severity of the water flow. To do this, simply pour one bucket of water into the beginning of the tray system and check if everything is in order.
- Before the start of winter, be sure to clean the gutters and drain pipes of fallen leaves and other contaminants. It is advisable to carry out this procedure even 2 times a year. At the same time, use a gentle cleaning method without using metal objects that can damage the integrity of structural elements.
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