Do-it-yourself ventilation in a bathhouse: an algorithm for creating an effective system without extra costs. Types and purpose of ventilation in a log bathhouse Ventilation system in a house with a bathhouse
When asked what a bath should be like, any person will answer the same: hot and “light”. This is an obvious fact for everyone. Therefore, most people approach the insulation process with all responsibility, using all kinds of methods and materials to ensure maximum heat retention inside. It is not surprising that this creates the effect of a thermos.
Providing the second component great sauna They don’t do it, they miss it, and they wonder later why the “steam” didn’t work, and instead of a healing effect, the opposite result was obtained. Unfortunately, even experienced people forget about such an important point as.
But its importance should not be underestimated: during the heating of the furnace, oxygen burns, and instead of it CO2 is released, under the influence of which high chance of getting burned. Our blood becomes oversaturated with carbon monoxide, and there is a possibility of disorientation or loss of consciousness (not to mention more tragic consequences). Therefore, a system is needed that provides oxygen supply and additionally regulates the temperature inside the steam room.
In addition to the functions of replenishing oxygen, ventilation allows you to dry the structure, stopping the negative effects of excess moisture and steam, which can lead to the appearance of mold or rot on structures, as well as an unpleasant odor or a feeling of mustiness. Lack of exhaust hood can destroy wood in just 2-3 seasons.
A ventilation device is required in any bathhouse, not only brick and block; wooden ones are no less demanding when it comes to drying. An exception may be bathhouses with slots, but here they can no longer be called bathhouses: they will not retain heat.
REFERENCE. Particularly noteworthy is the possibility of using natural ventilation, which does not require the use of expensive materials and equipment (however, it is also not worth leaving gaps on purpose). We will tell you how to organize this process in this article. Let’s not ignore the forced supply device exhaust system.
Ventilation in a steam room: why is it necessary?
Above we have already talked about the danger of a closed environment in terms of exposure carbon monoxide, and also mentioned the need to create a microclimate for drying the steam room after use. Ventilation in a bathhouse or steam room will definitely increase the comfort of staying there and extend the life of the building.
A distinctive feature of the Russian bath is wet steam. At the same time, the temperature regime also differs, which is lower than that of a sauna. However, warm air saturated with moisture warms up the human body much faster and has a softer and more gentle effect (it does not have a spasmodic effect on blood vessels, it can be visited by elderly people and children).
The design of the furnace is quite specific: as a rule, the stones are placed inside and can be accessed by opening the door. This ensures that the stones retain heat for a longer period of time and are more difficult to fill, even with inappropriate water consumption.
Ventilation in the steam room of a Russian bath. The most important thing is to maintain balance, because the steam has a “shock” character, escaping from the stove immediately after water is splashed on the heater. If it is not designed correctly, you can lose all the steam.
In Russian steam rooms, vents are most often used, which are installed in the lower part of the walls and ensure the safety of the heat that accumulates near the ceiling.
Ventilation in the steam room: requirements
When designing ventilation in a steam room, the requirements for it are simple. The following rules must be adhered to:
- coolness should be near the floor, and heat near the ceiling;
- even temperature level, without fluctuations;
- “exhaust” air must be replaced with fresh, oxygen-enriched air.
Ventilation in the steam room: device
It is based on the laws of physics: the influx of fresh air below displaces hot air from above through the corresponding openings, thereby ensuring air exchange. In this case, a vacuum of air occurs (the pressure decreases), and cool air is drawn in. It, in turn, gradually heats up, rushes upward, and further along the cycle. This is how ventilation works in a steam room; its design is quite simple. More .
Natural or forced?
In order to answer the question: natural or forced ventilation for a steam room, you should look at each type.
Natural the microclimate is formed independently in the presence of planned vents (openings) or cracks when the air convection processes described above are started in the building.
The advantages include: low cost of implementation, absence of extraneous noise/vibrations from operating devices and the use of natural features. Possible difficulties: errors in the placement of holes, as a result: lack of draft (the opposite - the appearance of excessive drafts); penetration of foreign (most likely unpleasant) odors from the street.
Forced ventilation system uses equipment and materials that create artificial air movement in the required direction. Regulated by special control units. This is a very expensive solution that requires competent design and further implementation. When placed correctly, it is guaranteed to ensure smooth circulation of air flow.
Meet combined types for a bath: steam room ventilation, combining both of these directions and having the pros and cons of each option.
If you decide to do ventilation yourself, it’s better to stick to natural ventilation – it is more in line with the spirit of the bathhouse than the use of intricate devices. However, we do not dissuade you from using forced supply and exhaust ventilation.
Ventilation in a steam room: diagram
Ventilation in the steam room of a bathhouse - system diagram. It consists of two openings: one of which is supply, and the other is exhaust (several exits can be made). When choosing the size of the exhaust opening, you must follow several rules:
- the largest should be at the maximum distance from the stove(so that the heat does not go outside in a direct flow);
- the rest can be placed around the perimeter of the ceiling;
- The hole size is calculated based on 24 square meters. cm for each cubic meter premises. Most often, the diameter does not exceed 30 cm, but the number is 2 or more.
The traction force is determined by the height difference between the supply and exhaust openings.
IMPORTANT! Do not place the holes exactly opposite each other, this will inevitably cause drafts.
Ventilation in a Russian steam bath: diagram
Ventilation in the Russian steam bath is ensured by a scheme in which there are vents with adjustable plugs, taking into account the above rules. Or by using burst ventilation, which we will discuss later.
Bathhouse: steam room ventilation (if the stove is in the dressing room or rest room)
About the bathhouse, the ventilation of the steam room, in which the stove is located in a room other than the steam room, you will most likely have to think about forced ventilation, which will ensure the flow moves in the desired direction.
As shown in the diagram:
Bathhouse: steam room ventilation (if the stove is in a steam room or the steam room is connected to a washing room)
It is provided by heating cold air coming from outside from the furnace and repelling it from the heat source, and returning it back after hitting the walls. Air movement can be stimulated by the use of additional fans.
For bathhouses and steam room ventilation, organizing the drying of the bathhouse is especially important, since water in the washing room can have a truly destructive effect on finishing materials and the floor. In addition to the main one, enhanced floor ventilation is required: by installing an exhaust opening between the finished and subfloor, the installation can be accompanied by the installation of a fan.
REFERENCE. Make sure that the fan is not exposed to water to avoid the risk of a short circuit.
More than 10 different bath ventilation schemes.
Where to place the supply and exhaust openings
There are several simple rules– where to place the supply and exhaust openings:
- the supply air (from which freshness comes) should be located below, closer to the floor;
- exhaust - placed away from the stove, closer to the ceiling.
Wherein It is advisable to locate the inlet opening near the stove so that during the cold season the air warms up a little before entering the steam room.
The height at which the holes are placed is about 30 centimeters: from the floor or ceiling.
It will be effective installation of supply valves in the foundation (under the floor). Using a valve system or installing an additional protective grille on the opening will protect you from possible penetration of rodents. In this case, it is better to lay the floor with small gaps for more free access of oxygen. If you want a smooth and even floor, then you can get by with special ventilation windows, which can be covered with decorative wooden grilles.
IMPORTANT! When placing the valve on the foundation, it is necessary to ensure that fresh air is taken from the street, and not from the underground, otherwise unpleasant odors will come along with the air.
Common layouts include:
- for baths with a constantly running oven: the inlet opposite the stove is 30 centimeters from the floor, and the firebox vent will act as an exhaust hood;
- for baths with pouring floors: the inlet hole is 30 cm from the floor behind the firebox, and the “working off” leaves after cooling through the cracks in the floor;
- location of both holes on the same wall: opposite the stove, but one is near the floor and the other is near the ceiling. A fan is installed at the outlet. Justified where the wall with holes faces the street.
- hole location at the same height, but on opposite walls(do not put it in one line!), the fan is installed in the same way. It is considered not very effective, since the heat will almost immediately escape outside, and the room will dry out faster due to the open door.
Ventilation of walls in a steam frame bath
Frame wall pie. More about insulation frame walls look .
This is done by leaving a ventilated gap between the finishing materials and the vapor barrier, which can reach 5 cm. Ventilation of walls in a steam room frame bath provided with a counter-lattice. The corrugations of the ventilation system should be designed in advance in order to place the insulation, taking into account the space for the pipes.
What should not be used when ventilating in a steam room?
Avoid using plastic elements:
- corrugation;
- boxes;
- stubs
This is something that cannot be used when ventilating in a steam room - they cannot withstand high temperatures and will melt, releasing harmful substances and acquiring an unaesthetic appearance.
But their use in the wash room or dressing room is not prohibited.
Only wood can be used as plugs for vents or hatches: metal can burn from heat or rust when exposed to moisture.
Economical solution: burst ventilation in a Russian steam bath
If you are not sure that you can correctly calculate the size of the entrances (exits) or their location, you can use a long-tested method - an economical solution: burst ventilation in a Russian steam bath.
The essence of its application is to quickly ventilate by opening wide windows and doors. They are opened for a short time (no more than 1-2 minutes); for maximum effect, it is best to use the opposite window and door.
This method does not require any financial costs: you use the elements that are in any bathhouse.
IMPORTANT! Do not overdo it with ventilation, you can make the bath too cold. This method is especially good for Russian baths, which are heated in black.
Is it necessary to hire specialists for calculations and design?
If you want a proper, “easy” and trouble-free sauna, ventilation in the steam room plays an important role: from the longevity of the sauna to your own safety.
If the bathhouse is combined with the house, has a rest room or dressing room into which the stove is installed, or there are other reasons for using forced exhaust, then the answer to the question “is it necessary to hire specialists for calculations and design” will be clear: it is necessary.
Otherwise, you can make a mistake in a minor detail, and the purchased calculation equipment will not be suitable for this reason. And this in turn will cause additional expenses.
In addition, in order not to disturb the structure of the building, It is better to design the ventilation of the steam room in advance, before the sauna is built, this is especially true for situations where the air flow inlet must be located on the foundation. Installing a ventilation system in an already constructed building is a troublesome and time-consuming process. Almost all will need to be disassembled finishing materials, freeing up space for corrugations, etc.
When building a brick bath without preliminary preparation and not at all, because not only wooden finishing materials are required, but also wall material - brick, which (some types, for example, silicate) is prone to absorbing large amounts of water.
Conclusion
Ventilation and renewal of the internal climate are necessary in any case - this is the final conclusion; this is necessary, among other things, to ensure comfort when using the bathhouse. The choice of natural or forced is yours. We hope that, taking into account our material, you will be able to find the most suitable solution for yourself.
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Correct implementation of the appropriate project improves the operational characteristics of the facility and ensures a high level of safety and comfort. Properly designed ventilation will help extend the life of the building. After reading this article, you will find out whether ventilation is needed in the bathhouse, you will be able to create necessary design with my own hands. Here you will find information about materials and individual components, installation and construction technologies. Professional recommendations will help eliminate errors and reduce costs.
High-quality ventilation is one of the most important components of a good bath
To accurately determine the parameters of the project, it is necessary to clarify it special purpose. Creation for a bathhouse allows you to solve the following practical problems:
- a supply of fresh air is ensured;
- combustion products, carbon dioxide, and other harmful substances are removed;
- The destructive processes of rotting and corrosion are prevented.
Of course, the operation of this system should not worsen other consumer characteristics of the building. For example, if the supply of cold air is excessive, the cost of maintaining a high temperature will increase.
This list of actions will help you figure out how to do ventilation so as not to miss important points:
- Determine the path of air flow (through ducts and indoors).
- Find out how to organize ventilation in different rooms of the building.
- It is necessary to take into account the combined influence of ventilation and heating, the characteristics of wall materials and other characteristics of the building.
- You should find out which nodes and finished goods will be useful for creating an effective modern ventilation system.
How high-quality ventilation works in a bathhouse: diagram and design, features of different rooms
For electrical wiring use an appropriate cable that provides reliable insulation even when immersed in liquid. The switch is installed in the rest room, or in another room with a normal level of humidity.
For ventilation in the bathhouse sink, you can use a small window or a special channel. In any case, you need to configure the system in such a way as to eliminate drafts. You can combine the air supply parts here and in the steam room to increase the air temperature and provide ventilation for wooden floor coverings.
Ventilation design in the dressing room
In this room, the organization of fresh air access is no different from a similar system in a regular living room. Natural and forced ventilation are available in various combinations. We must remember that hypothermia provokes the occurrence of colds and other diseases.
For your information! Log houses have special capabilities. They create comfortable temperature conditions in rooms without special technical means due to natural micro-ventilation of the walls. For intensive ventilation, you can open doors and windows.
Related article:
In a separate publication you will learn about the most successful layouts baths with an extension in the form of a veranda or terrace.
How to properly ventilate a bathhouse: differences between buildings made of different materials
This section examines in detail the architectural features of the building. Proper ventilation in the bath should not have negative impact to structural parts. Moreover, it creates favorable conditions to extend service life without overhaul. In order to avoid mistakes and unnecessary actions, the appropriate system must be created at the design stage. An example with a concrete foundation explains the convenience of installing holes using embedded parts. Drilling them in a frozen block will be accompanied by significant difficulties.
Frame construction
The gaps between the frame elements are filled with mineral wool. It is covered with a polymer film to prevent moisture from entering. Outside - install lining, paint, and other finishing coatings.
Such a design can be created quickly and at minimal cost. A light structure does not require a strong foundation. The multilayer wall structure has low thermal conductivity, which reduces operating costs. In order not to break their tightness, ventilation channels in the frame bath are installed in advance, along with the installation of the structural elements of the structure.
For your information! If you use slabs of polyurethane foam, the cost of the project will increase slightly. But in this case no special precautions are needed. The insulating properties of these materials do not deteriorate in conditions of high humidity.
Nuances that are taken into account when equipping a log house
For correct definition Ventilation parameters in a wooden bathhouse must take into account the following features:
- Buildings made from these materials have natural ventilation. But its performance is not enough for a bath.
- The supply and exhaust systems are created in such a way as to ensure rapid removal of moisture after completing a session of health procedures.
- If forced ventilation is selected, electrical wiring will be installed taking into account the proximity of flammable materials. The rules of specialized regulations must be strictly followed.
- Treatment with anti-rotting agents and others chemicals carry out carefully to prevent them from entering the indoor atmosphere. It is advisable not to use potential hazardous substances for creating decorative and protective coatings in the washing room and steam room.
For your information! Such buildings are installed on strip foundation. The base of the floor is made of concrete. Holes in these elements are created at the stage of pouring the solution.
Related article:
In a separate publication you will find interesting ideas for finishing steam rooms and relaxation rooms, and also learn the main stages of installation.
Correct installation of ventilation in a brick house
Structures made from these materials are highly resistant to various external influences. They can withstand heavy loads without damage. They are not destroyed by changes in temperature and humidity, harmful insects and microorganisms. In the absence of flammability, no special measures are required when installing power supply routes.
In order to avoid such heavy operations, the necessary passes are made during the laying process. To ensure the work is carried out accurately, marks are made in the design documentation. At the project preparation stage, the parameters and installation lines of electrical networks are determined.
Application of bastu for a bath: diagram, operation
This technology has been used in Sweden for hundreds of years. She provides efficient ventilation rooms without electric drives. An additional advantage is the economical consumption of thermal energy.
The figure shows a system for two rooms. In the steam room, air is supplied to the space under the stove. Using a special casing, the basic principle of the technology is implemented: “inverted glass”. A heated air stream under pressure enters the rooms. Output paths - as in standard version, through a box, with a fence from the lower parts of the rooms. The use of bastu ventilation in a Russian bath will allow you to quickly dry the floors. Pay attention to the separate inlet installed in the rest room. With the help of a dosed supply of cold/warm air, you can maintain comfortable temperature conditions at any time of the year.
Ventilation device in the bathhouse: selection and correct use of the main structural components
Before moving on to studying individual elements, it is necessary to note the operating principles of different types of ventilation:
When choosing forced ventilation, it is necessary to correctly use the appropriate electrically driven equipment.
Window in the bathhouse: where to place it, what are the requirements for materials
When choosing suitable products, the climatic conditions in the region are taken into account. For northern regions triple glazed windows with good insulation characteristics are installed. If purchased plastic frames, you need to check the number of cameras.
To eliminate fogging, you can use the data from the following table. The values in it correspond to the temperature outside at which droplets of moisture condense on the inside of the glass:
| Room temperature, °C | Humidity, % | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 30 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | |
| 0 | -20 | -15 | -12 | -6,9 | -3,1 | 0 |
| 5 | -15,8 | -11 | -7,5 | -2,2 | 1,8 | 4,8 |
| 10 | -11,8 | -6,8 | -2,8 | 2,7 | 6,8 | 10,1 |
| 15 | -7,6 | -2,5 | -1,4 | 7,4 | 11,7 | 15,8 |
| 20 | -3,7 | 1,8 | 5,9 | 11,8 | 16,3 | 20,1 |
| 25 | -0,4 | 6,1 | 10,4 | 16,6 | 21,2 | 24,8 |
When choosing an installation location, enter the dimensions of the block in the opening with the following gaps:
- bottom: from 40 to 60 mm;
- top: from 15 to 25 mm;
- on the sides: from 15 to 25 mm.
It is necessary to take into account a significant change in the size of the opening in a wooden structure. To prevent damage to the frame, special damping elements are installed. In brick buildings such precautions will not be necessary. The doors should open freely. If necessary, other curtains are installed from the inside.
For your information! To avoid damage by high temperatures and to prevent deterioration of the atmosphere, windows are not installed in the steam room.
Video: technology for installing windows in a bathhouse with your own hands
Parameters of a suitable fan
The forced system is installed when large area premises. It will be needed in a building made of brick or other materials that do not allow air to pass through.
When choosing a fan for a bath, check the following parameters:
- To calculate productivity, multiply by 5. A reserve (20-40%) is added taking into account the characteristics of a particular room.
- The housings and impellers of high-quality specialized equipment are made from polymers (composite materials) that are resistant to high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation.
- Rubber gaskets reduce noise and the negative impact of vibrations on the integrity of the structure.
- The shaft is mounted on durable ball bearings, which perform their functions fully without lubrication or other routine procedures.
- All electrical components are reliably protected from moisture.
- When equipped, air movement in the opposite direction is prevented when the equipment is turned off.
The video below explains the DIY fan installation process. This instruction can be used for installing equipment in a bathhouse, bathroom, or toilet.
Types of valves for ventilation ducts
The non-return ventilation valve for the bathhouse does not leak cold air outside. Similar phenomena can occur, for example, in strong winds. The figure shows that the damper is moved by a counterweight. There are no electric drives or other complex components, which explains the relatively low cost.
Valves are selected taking into account different needs:
- The corresponding modifications are designed for vertical or horizontal installation.
- They produce special products for round and square air ducts.
- To increase resistance to corrosion processes, metal valves are coated with a layer of zinc.
- Some models are designed specifically to work with a fan.
Installing a vent in a bathhouse
The optimal path for air movement helps to correctly determine the installation parameters of the inlet and outlet openings. If the vents in the bath are installed at the same level, the required uniform heating effect will not be obtained. The flow will be directed along the shortest path, creating a draft. It is also recommended to consider the following points when planning:
Cute, heat-resistant diffusers
Article
State standards for room ventilation are regulated by SNiP 41–01–2003; the document establishes the minimum rate of air exchange in rooms depending on their purpose and features of use. In residential premises, ventilation must perform two tasks - to provide favorable indicators of the percentage of oxygen in the air and to remove exhaust gases.
SNiP 41-01-2003. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. File for download
For a bathhouse, ventilation tasks become more complicated; it must additionally remove moist air as quickly as possible (providing rapid drying of wooden structures) and regulate the temperature in the steam room. There are times when it is necessary to quickly reduce the temperature in the steam room before small children, the elderly or large people undergo procedures. Bake long time continues to give off heat, it takes a very long time to wait for the bathhouse to cool down on its own. By ventilating a room, you can quickly set the desired temperature and maintain it within the specified limits the entire time people are in it.
Ventilation valve prices
ventilation valves
What types of ventilation are there and how to calculate them
Ventilation can only exist in cases where there is an influx of fresh air into the room and an outflow of used air. You can often come across the concepts of “supply” or “exhaust” ventilation. These are not entirely correct concepts; there cannot be only supply or only exhaust ventilation, it is always only flow-exhaust. Why are these concepts used? Thus, it is emphasized that the influx or exhaust of exhaust air is carried out in a forced way, and, accordingly, the removal or supply of fresh air occurs naturally.
Supply and exhaust ventilation
During parameter calculations ventilation systems the initial data takes into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence in them of special conditions in terms of air quality, the presence or likelihood of the presence of carbon monoxide or other health hazards chemical compounds. Based on these data, state regulations establish the frequency of air changes per hour; it can vary from 1÷2 to ten or more.
Next, engineers determine the parameters and location of the channels to ensure the necessary intake and removal of air, taking into account weather conditions and climate zone. If natural ventilation cannot provide the required frequency of air changes, then forced systems are used that supply/extract air with electric fans. Baths have their own characteristics for each type of ventilation; let’s look at them in more detail.
Prices for supply and exhaust ventilation
air handling unit
General rules for ventilation in a bathhouse
The principles of ventilation in a bathhouse largely depend on architectural features its designs. If the floors have slots for draining water, then supply air can also be supplied through these same slots; there is no need to make a special hole.
Quite often, small windows are installed in the bathhouse; when opened, they “turn” into exhaust vents. In addition, if the furnace firebox is located directly in the steam room, the room can be ventilated even easier - open the firebox and, by changing the position of the damper, adjust the frequency of air changes.
Photo - stove firebox and open door for room ventilation
These are the simplest options for a steam room (by the way, the most effective and low-cost), but there are cases when the furnace firebox is located in another room, there is no window, and the floors are solid without cracks. It is this kind of bathhouse that we will focus on in our article. Why do you need ventilation in the bathhouse?
- For better air mixing throughout the entire volume. Natural convection of air masses is not able to equalize the air temperature in height; the difference in values under the ceiling and near the floor can reach tens of degrees. This negatively affects the comfort of acceptance water procedures.
- To bring in fresh air. If one person is steaming in the steam room, and the stay time does not exceed 20–30 minutes, then the oxygen concentration in the air will not have time to drop to critical values. And if several people steam at the same time in a steam room for a long time, then the flow of fresh air becomes mandatory.
Quite often, developers go to two extremes: in order to save heat, they abandon ventilation altogether or make it too strong and unregulated. Both extremes have Negative consequences, there is no need to neglect ventilation, it is cheap, and the positive effect is very impressive. But it should be done correctly, taking into account as much as possible the characteristics of the premises, temperature requirements in the steam room, materials for making walls and cladding.
In the case of a complete lack of ventilation, the risks of oxygen starvation and, if the furnace firebox is located directly in the steam room, increase in carbon monoxide poisoning. In the case of strong unregulated ventilation, the heating time increases significantly, and warm air is quickly removed from the room. But this is not all the problems - the rapid removal of warm air automatically causes an equally rapid influx of fresh air - the floors will always be very cold, and this increases the risk of contracting colds.
Uncontrolled ventilation can lead to cold floors
The flow of fresh air into the steam room is arranged in two places: behind the stove or under the sun loungers.
There are many diagrams of air movement on the Internet, most of them were made by amateurs, you should not pay attention to them. Fulfill only two conditions: air flow at the bottom, exhaust at the top, placement of ducts diagonally in the room.
This is quite enough to ensure normal air circulation and mixing. Everything else is just speculation; it can only confuse inexperienced developers, significantly complicate the ventilation system, making it expensive and unreliable. There are options with two different-level exhaust valves, with two supply valves, etc. The holes for air removal are located at different heights.
One right under the ceiling, used only for complete ventilation of the bath after finishing the water procedures. The third is made 30÷40 centimeters below the first and is used during washing. Some craftsmen connect them together with internal air ducts, install several control dampers, etc. We assure you that these complications do not have any visible effect on the comfort of staying in the steam room.
A few words should be said about the ventilation ducts in the bathhouse; they are often suggested to be used in steam rooms. In large buildings, ventilation ducts serve to connect several different rooms to a common ventilation system, no matter whether it is natural or forced. This is completely justified from both technological and economic points of view.
What other rooms can be connected with ventilation ducts to the steam room? Weird question. Then, why make complex channels under the wall sheathing? Isn't it easier to make ordinary holes in the walls and insert ordinary pieces of pipes and grilles with elementary valves into them? Of course, we will tell you about a real, effective, simple and cheap way to install ventilation; we will not lay any ducts anywhere. This is a universal option, perfect for both “budget” and expensive exclusive doubles.
Prices for air vents
PVC air vent
Video - Ventilation in the bathhouse
Natural ventilation of the bath
The most accepted option for most baths, minimal in cost and safety and quite effective. The specific locations of ventilation openings should be taken into account the size of the rooms, the location of shelves, the stove and the material of the building. The general rule is that the openings should be located at different heights, as a rule, the inlet (supply) is 20 cm from the floor and the outlet (exhaust) is 20÷30 cm from the ceiling. When selecting holes, you need to consider where the holes will be located on external walls. It is advisable that they do not stand out too much on the façade walls.
The dimensions of the holes are approximately 300÷400 cm2, it is better to make them larger rather than smaller. In case of too rapid exchange of air, leading to a decrease in temperature in the steam room, the channels should be covered with control dampers. To improve the appearance, it is better to use decorative grilles; they can be purchased in specialized stores or made independently.
We wrote more about this type of ventilation in the article “. We'll tell you how to organize natural ventilation, how to calculate and make ventilation holes.
The ventilation system is somewhat complicated and installation of electrical equipment is required. Another problem is related to the microclimate in the steam room. There heat and air humidity are the main enemies of any electrical equipment. Fans must have reliable protection housing from moisture, during connection you should strictly follow the recommendations of the PUE. And in order to comply, you need to know them.
Forced ventilation - elements
The advantages of forced ventilation are that the rate of air change in the room is significantly accelerated and the control parameters are expanded. Natural ventilation is very dependent on weather conditions, and in some cases it can become ineffective. Especially if the wind is directed at right angles to the exhaust vent. Forced ventilation works with the same effectiveness in any weather and regardless of the direction and strength of the wind.
How to calculate forced ventilation in a bathhouse and what type of ventilation it is? How to choose fans? We answered all these questions in the article “. There is also a detailed step-by-step instruction on installation of ventilation and advice from professionals.
How to make ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands
Initial data. The architectural features of the bathhouse do not provide for the flow of air through floor cracks, doors, windows or the furnace firebox. It is necessary to make holes for both air inlet and outlet. Internal and outer skin There are no walls, the bathhouse is built from sawn timber.
Step 1. Decide on the location of the input and output channels.
We have already mentioned that it is better to place the inlet channel near the stove at a distance of about 20 centimeters from the floor level. The outlet channel is diagonally under the ceiling. This position of the inlet and outlet openings will ensure the distribution of air flows throughout the entire volume of the room. In addition, the incoming air will not cool the flooring. Channels should be easily accessible. There are recommendations to make an outlet hole in the ceiling. We are against such a solution; humid air will certainly cause great damage to the entire rafter system.
Step 2. Purchase or make your own grilles and valves.
They can be various sizes and geometric shapes: round, square or rectangular. At the same time, take into account the materials of the future cladding of the external and internal walls, think about how the decorative grilles will be attached to them.
Important. Be sure to install grilles with adjustable clearances; only they can ensure smooth adjustment of the frequency of air changes in the room.
And one more thing - the holes on the outside of the bath should also be closed. Moreover, the closure should be as airtight as possible, preventing moisture from rain or snow from getting on the crowns of the log house.
Step 3. Make holes in the walls.
The most labor-intensive operation will have to be done manually. You need to pre-drill holes around the perimeter in the marked places. The closer they are to each other, the easier it is to hollow out the wood later. When the holes are drilled, take a chisel, chisel and hammer in your hands and begin to destroy the beams remaining between the holes. The holes for ventilation should be made 1-2 cm larger around the perimeter than the pipe being inserted. The fact is that this pipe then needs to be insulated to prevent condensation from appearing on wooden structures.
Use only a sharp chisel and a chisel - you will have to cut the timber across the grain, this is quite difficult. If the thickness of the beam is 20 centimeters, then it is better to make half the depth of the hole from the inside of the bathhouse, and the other half from the outside. If you have extensive experience using a gasoline saw, then you can cut out the hole. But we immediately warn you that working with a gasoline saw in such conditions is very dangerous. You will have to cut with the end of the bar; when you grab the tree with the lower part of the chain, the saw will be pulled out of your hands. This method of using a saw is strictly prohibited by safety regulations, remember this.
If there is a need to separate the inlet hole in the wall and in the bathhouse, then buy a pipe with an elbow. It is advisable to use rectangular rather than round pipes, they take up less space under the lining of the internal walls of the steam room.
Be sure to seal the joints between the elbow and the pipe with silicone and wrap it with tape for reliability.
Metallized adhesive tape
Step 4. Place foil or plastic film and mineral wool, the layer of wool should be dense, without gaps. It will not be possible to make the edges of the hole absolutely smooth; be careful that the waterproofing is not damaged by the sharp protrusions of the timber.
Step 5. Insert the pipes into the holes in the log house. They should fit in with little effort, quite tightly. In order to increase the reliability of sealing and fastening, be sure to use foam around the perimeter of the hole and pipe. Polyurethane foam eliminates all invisible gaps in thermal insulation between the pipe and the wall and firmly fixes it in the desired position.
We recommend foaming the holes and after covering the walls, the foam will eliminate the gaps between the wall and the vapor barrier. As the foam expands, the vapor barrier will press tightly around the uneven hole, all possible small damage will be automatically closed.
The exhaust pipe may not be insulated; warm air escapes through it. But we advise you to do all the operations for her, just in case. Firstly, you will lose a little time and money. Secondly, you will provide additional and reliable protection against the penetration of atmospheric moisture into wooden structures.
Once both holes are prepared, you can begin covering the walls and installing decorative grilles with adjustable throughput parameters.
Important. When installing steam room ventilation, we strongly advise you to ventilate the space between the wall cladding and aluminum foil. The work is carried out according to the algorithm described above with one difference. Ventilation should be either constantly closed (during water procedures) or constantly open (during ventilating the bath). Using foil as a vapor barrier for walls has many benefits positive aspects. But there is one problem - the difficulty of removing condensation between the sheathing and insulation. An ordinary hole solves all problems and completely eliminates damage to wood.
Prices for hoods for baths
heat-resistant fan
Video - DIY ventilation
How to make a hole in a log house using a crown
If you do not want to make holes for ventilation manually, you can drill them with a special metal crown. They are sold in stores and are inexpensive. The only problem is that the crown requires a powerful low-speed drill or a hand-held drilling machine; ordinary drills can quickly fail due to the heavy load. Another limitation is that the maximum diameter of crowns is rarely more than 120 mm. But for most baths, small volumes of this size are sufficient.
Step 1. Select a bit of the appropriate diameter and secure it in the chuck. Mark the drilling location.
Step 2. To ease the cutting force, be sure to lubricate the bit with machine oil. Lubrication must be repeated periodically. Once the bit is about two-thirds deep, stop drilling, remove the bit and re-lubricate its internal and external surfaces.
Step 3. Mark the center of the hole with any thin drill bit. Insert the crown into the shallow hole and begin drilling the beam.
Step 4. Drill as far as the crown height allows. Carefully monitor the operation of the electric tool and do not allow heavy loads. Loads are regulated by the force of pressing the crown against the beam.
Step 5. The crown no longer works - take it out and gradually remove the cut wood with a chisel or chisel. It can be removed quickly, start gradually chipping away the holes in the corners. Do not cut the log across the grain with a chisel; chop it only along the grain, this makes it much easier to do the job.
Repeat the operations until the hole becomes through. If the timber is so thick that the drill cannot get through one side of it, move to the other. To do this, you need to find the center of the hole already made as accurately as possible. The crown has its own centering drill, but its length may not always be enough to reach reverse side. You'll have to find the center yourself. To do this, install a thin wood drill in the drill, insert it into the existing hole from the centering drill of the crown and very carefully make a through hole. The more accurately you drill the center, the easier and faster it will be to work on the other side of the wall.
Prices for annular drill for wood
hole drill bit for wood
Video - How to drill a hole with a crown
Heated sauna ventilation
Enough original way ventilation devices, not only fresh air is supplied to the bathhouse, it is immediately heated. This is very important in winter; it not only improves the comfort of your stay, but also speeds up the heating of the premises and saves firewood.
Air intake is carried out at the bottom of the bath and using electric fans supplied to the air intake duct.
The oven has metal chimney, a special screen is installed around the chimney; air from the air duct enters the screen channels. The screen performs two functions: it protects the limbs from burns and serves as a radiator to heat the air coming from the air duct. The heated air exits the screen into the steam room.
If desired, you can improve the design a little. Place a tee with a damper on the air duct. This will allow you to take in both air from the bathhouse and from the street - the possibilities for regulating the microclimate parameters in the room are significantly expanded.
Video - Ventilation in a steam room with heated air
Bath procedures are not only one of good ways maintain hygiene, but also the ability to remove accumulated harmful substances and toxins from the body. However, in order for the visit to be comfortable and beneficial, a good one is necessary to exclude the possibility of the formation of fungi and mold due to high humidity. Ventilation in the bathhouse, equipped by specialists or with your own hands, will ensure the flow of fresh air into the room and remove exhaust gases and fumes generated as a result of the operation of the heater and the use of hot water.
Read in the article
Is ventilation really necessary in a bathhouse or can it be done without it?
The functions of bath ventilation are complicated by the fact that it should facilitate fairly rapid removal from the premises humid air and efficiently regulate the temperature in the steam room. It is especially important to have a good exhaust system for baths equipped with gas and solid fuel - to maintain the combustion process in such structures, an impressive volume of air is required. Lack of ventilation will lead to excessive concentrations of carbon dioxide, which negatively affects people's health and can lead to loss of consciousness.
Inexperienced craftsmen try to carefully insulate the premises, sealing the slightest cracks to increase the speed of warming up the steam room and retain heat for a longer time. However, this is the wrong approach, since ventilation holes must be present. Properly designed it allows:
- create a healthy microclimate in the bathhouse;
- reduce humidity concentration and quickly dry rooms;
- get rid of carbon dioxide;
- quickly warm up the steam room and other bath rooms;
- eliminate stagnant and unpleasant odors;
- get rid of pathogenic fungi and mold;
- save in original form interior decoration.
From the above, it becomes clear how important the installation of an exhaust system in a bathhouse is. Before making ventilation in a bathhouse, you must first learn about its types and basic installation schemes.
Effective ventilation in the bathhouse - diagram and device
Before you further understand the exhaust system and begin its arrangement, you should know that ventilation can be natural or forced. There are also differences in ventilation systems and their designs depending on their location. Well, now let's talk about everything in order.
Natural ventilation
This option is optimal for most baths, since it is the cheapest and quite effective. The placement of ventilation holes must be determined based on the size of the room, the location of the heater and shelves, as well as the material from which the bathhouse is built. Whatever the ventilation schemes in bathhouses, there is one general rule– the supply opening should be located at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust opening at the same distance, but from the ceiling.
The dimensions of the vents should be approximately 300-400 mm 2. If the air exchange is too rapid, which will cause the temperature in the steam room to drop, the ventilation openings must be covered with special control flaps. To improve the appearance, it is advisable to install decorative grilles on the vents, which you can easily buy in specialized stores or make yourself.
However, this type of ventilation is not suitable for a steam room. All ventilation openings (inlets and outlets) must be at the same level from the floor. Thus, the incoming air flows are heated from the furnace and rise upward, while the cooled ones fall down and fall into the exhaust vents. To preserve heat in the room, the holes can be closed with special dampers.
Forced ventilation
Air movement is carried out mechanically by installing special devices on the ventilation openings (). This will allow you to quickly refresh the air, which is very important, especially in the washing room. This ventilation option is well suited in cases where a forced exhaust system in the bathhouse has a number of advantages over the natural one:
- it is possible to filter incoming air masses;
- maintaining a given microclimate;
- uniform distribution of heated air.
To allow large volumes of fresh air to enter the steam room, it is necessary that the ventilation openings be located diametrically to each other. When installing, you should not place the inlet and exhaust vents at the same level to avoid short circuiting of air flows, which will cause a concentration of cooled air below, and on the contrary, it will be very hot at the top.
Important! Since high humidity and high temperature are the main enemies of any electrical equipment, the fan housing must have reliable moisture protection, and the connection must be made in full accordance with the PUE.
The advantage of forced ventilation is accelerated air exchange and advanced adjustment parameters. This exhaust system is equally effective regardless of the strength and direction of the wind, as well as weather conditions.
Installation of floor ventilation in bathhouses
Floors in bathhouses are exposed to extreme conditions. The impact of moisture on the floor occurs both from below from the ground and from above. The most difficult conditions are created in the steam room, where hot steam comes into contact with wood covering floor, cooling and condensing. The resulting condensate penetrates and creates a favorable environment for the development of fungus and mold.
An effective floor ventilation scheme helps prevent the destructive effects of mold and remove excess steam. Floor ventilation can be done naturally or forced. However, to be effective, the following conditions must be adhered to when installing a ventilation system:
- prevent the floor from cooling during procedures;
- ensure fast and effective drying, but it is important not to overdo it to prevent cracking of the wood;
- The arrangement of the ventilation system must be carried out at the construction stage.
When locating ventilation vents, climate, wind conditions, terrain, sources of pollution, and internal factors– the type and placement of the heater, the design of doorways, the presence of vents.
- Most often, ventilation vents are located at 3 different levels: under flooring
- or in ;
- under the heating structure or at the level of its foundation;
in the wall at a distance of 350-450 mm. from the floor level (best done behind the heater).
Installing ventilation under the floors in baths has a number of advantages. In addition to eliminating condensation and improving the quality of drying the floor covering, the air flow from below does not create drafts and, therefore, ventilation can also be used during bathing procedures. For greater efficiency, it is important to properly create a drainage system to remove wastewater outside the building.
Creating an exhaust system in a bathhouse is extremely necessary, since it not only prevents the formation of mold, but also protects the building from rot. The characteristics of the ventilation system are calculated at the design stage. The type and location of bathhouse ventilation largely depends on the prevailing winds, topography and the presence of bodies of water, which often cause flooding of buildings.
You can ensure normal air circulation by installing several holes, the number and dimensions of which are calculated in accordance with the size of the bath. The diameter of the vents must be at least 110 mm. Ventilation openings are usually made opposite each other. If the building is located in a low area, tightly surrounded by other buildings, or there are natural barriers to the free movement of air flows, then vents must be installed on all sides of the foundation, since this is the only way to achieve high-quality ventilation.
Ventilation system in bathhouses in steam rooms
Traditionally, a heater stove is installed in the steam room, which forms the basis. The air from the steam room passes through the blower, which ensures good circulation. To obtain maximum outflow of air masses, the stove should be installed below the level of the finished floor, and to start the process of ventilating the room, it is enough to slightly open the window or entrance door. The disadvantage of this ventilation scheme in steam rooms is that when there is no combustion process, air circulation stops.
In addition to the heater, ventilation in the steam room is provided by additional openings with special dampers to regulate air exchange. After each bath procedure, you should open it for a while, otherwise the air in the room will be heavy and humid, and there is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.
When the stove is firing and the room is heating, the ventilation in the steam room should be closed. After the steam room has completely warmed up, the exhaust dampers can be opened. To prevent the formation of reverse draft, it is necessary at this stage to ensure that the exhaust openings are larger in area than the supply openings.
If the stove is not installed in the steam room itself, then a different ventilation scheme is used in steam Russian baths. Near at a height of 300 mm. An inlet opening is made from the floor level, and an exhaust opening is installed on the wall opposite it at a distance of 300 mm. from the ceiling. Sometimes an inlet opening is made at the bottom of the wall behind the stove so that the air coming from the street is heated by the heater and the room cools down moderately. On the wall opposite the heating device, make 2 holes that will form a single exhaust duct. The first opening is located at a height of 1,000 mm. from the floor level, and the other under the ceiling. With this ventilation scheme, the steam room warms up faster and, accordingly, fuel is saved.
Air exchange device in the washing room
In the washing room, as well as in the steam room, there is high humidity, which contributes to the appearance of mold and fungi. To avoid this, it is necessary to create an effective ventilation system in washing baths. In the washing room, a large amount of moisture accumulates under the floor, so to remove it, it will be enough to lay an asbestos pipe, one end of which is located under the floor covering, and the other is discharged to the roof and is equipped with a deflector.
Creating effective controlled ventilation in bathhouse sinks will ensure dryness, moderate temperature, fresh air flow, carbon monoxide removal and fuel economy.
Ventilation diagram in dressing rooms
The proximity of the dressing room to the steam room leads to condensation settling on the wooden surfaces of the cladding. To preserve the cladding and prevent rotting processes, the room must be well insulated and drafts excluded. The simplest ventilation scheme for a dressing room consists of removing moist air through a washing or washing room. It is best to organize a forced ventilation system for this room.
How to properly ventilate a bathhouse
Having more or less understood the ventilation system in the bathhouse, you also need to take into account other important points. The exhaust device must not:
- cause a violation temperature regime indoors;
- allow cold air to rise to the ceiling;
- remove fresh air from the room.
The principles by which proper ventilation of rooms is created in a bathhouse depend on the architectural features of the building’s design. If the floors have special slots for water drainage, then fresh air can flow through them and there is no need to make additional exhaust openings.
Often small windows are made, which, when opened, act as a hood. In addition, if the heater’s firebox is located directly in the steam room, then ventilation is even easier - just open the combustion chamber and adjust the air exchange by changing the position of the damper. These are the simplest, but most effective and low-cost options for installing a ventilation system.
Features of air exchange in frame baths
If in or air circulation is carried out through rows of lower crowns, then in frame-type buildings sheathed big amount thermal insulation material, there is no natural ventilation and for this reason it is necessary to provide for the creation of special openings with dampers.
The most effective system for a bathhouse is supply and exhaust ventilation. To organize high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to create two channels. One of them is located near the floor and serves to bring fresh air into the room (if necessary, you can install a fan), and the second is located at a short distance from the ceiling and is necessary to remove hot and humid air masses and carbon monoxide. Ventilation openings in frame baths must be equipped with special adjustment dampers.
When creating a ventilation system, it is necessary to take into account the area and shape of the steam room, as well as the location of the heater.
Ventilation of a chopped bath
In a Russian bathhouse, where steam was traditionally prepared manually, forced air circulation schemes are not suitable. In order for natural ventilation in wooden baths to promote health, the following schemes should be followed when creating it:
- provide the possibility of ventilation (creation of windows, doors and ventilation openings);
- the upper boundaries of doors and windows should be at the same level;
- for doubles small size simple ventilation is enough;
- a heater with a chimney provides natural exhaust of exhaust air and gases;
- For normal air exchange, you can install a ventilation opening with a damper next to the heater and an exhaust hole under the ceiling.
Providing good ventilation in a log bathhouse is a very important point, since it is necessary to prevent the accumulation of excess moisture, which negatively affects the wooden structure and can cause the development of pathogenic fungi and mold.
Ventilation system in a brick building
You should think about arranging ventilation in brick baths at the construction stage. Since a brick building does not provide for the presence natural circulation air, then you should take into account the number and location of openings in advance.
The natural air exchange system is identical to that installed in a Russian bathhouse - the inlet is located next to the stove, and the exhaust is under the ceiling. However, if the bathhouse is designed for a large number of people, then you should think about creating a forced ventilation system.
The fan must be installed at the entrance of the exhaust duct leading to. To speed up air circulation, several exhaust pipes, but it may be necessary to install supply valves to air masses were not discharged due to the difference in the volumes of supply and exhaust air. A fan that is too powerful can lead to the same problem, and a device with a power that does not match the area of the room will not be able to perform its functions normally and the air exchange in the steam room will be quite weak.
Ventilation Bastu
IN Lately to create ventilation systems, new and more effective solutions. Such novelties include the ventilation scheme in the Bastu bathhouse. This system is very popular among Russians due to its ease of installation and high efficiency.
The principle of ventilation according to Bast is as follows. The red-hot heater plays the role heat pump and draws air from the supply channel. Cold streams, passing through, heat up very quickly and rise to the ceiling. Naturally, they push an equal volume of near-field air through the exhaust duct. In the Bastu ventilation system, the supply and exhaust openings are located at the bottom.
To install such ventilation, you need two stainless pipes - the bottom one is installed diagonally from the heater at a height of 200 mm. from the floor, and the top above the stove. Both exits must be equipped with grilles with dampers. However, like all natural ventilation systems, Bastu can only work when the stove is running or there is strong wind outside.
The main advantage of Bastu ventilation installed in Russian baths is the ease of installation, which you can do yourself, thereby saving your money.
Proper ventilation device in the bathhouse
Normal ventilation can only exist if the room has created conditions for the influx of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air. Despite the common concept of ventilation, this is not entirely true, since it is always supply and exhaust. The operating principles of ventilation for any room are almost the same - fresh air enters through the supply opening and is exhausted through the exhaust.
When calculating ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence or likelihood of the formation of carbon monoxide or other chemical compounds harmful to health. Regulatory acts establish the frequency of air exchange per hour, which can fluctuate 1-10 times or more. Next, the parameters and location of future air ducts are determined, taking into account the climatic zones and weather conditions characteristic of the area. If natural ventilation is not able to provide the required air exchange rate, then forced-type systems are used.
Where to place the window in the bathhouse?
Windows in a bathhouse are not only a source of light, but also a way to ventilate it. There is a misconception that a window in a steam room adversely affects the preservation of steam in the room and temperature. However, experienced bath attendants advise making even two windows in the steam room. One window is located above the shelves, and if the steam turns out to be too hot or someone feels unwell, then just open the window slightly and everything will be fine. The second window is placed under the shelves, which allows you to dry the sunbeds quite quickly. It is made small in size and opaque.
Important! According to safety regulations, bath windows must open into the room.
It is also worth installing a window in the washing room. It will not only help to ventilate the room, but also to urgently evacuate in case of fire. The dimensions of the window should be such that an average-sized adult can crawl through it. Some bathhouse owners are interested in the question: is it possible to install? If there is a washing room in the room, then yes. However, in a steam room, where the temperature reaches one hundred and above, the material from which the windows are made will begin to release toxic substances and warp. For windows into the steam room, it is best to use non-resinous wood. You can easily install a window in a bathhouse with your own hands, since the technology is no different from installing it in a residential building.
On a note! For greater heat retention, bath windows are best made with double glass and good sealing.
Fan in the air exchange system of the bath
To create quality compulsory system ventilation you will need the following parts:
- air duct box;
- and grille;
- flap;
- fan;
- net;
A grille made of wood or heat-resistant plastic and a metal mesh will prevent insects and pets from entering the room. A corrugated hose or galvanized pipe is usually used as an air duct. Experts do not recommend installing plastic pipes in a steam room, since they are not designed for operation in high temperature conditions.
It is advisable to install the fan on only one, for example, on the supply one. Fans used for baths must be made of heat-resistant materials and have good sealing.
A video on how to make a fan with your own hands will show the process more clearly (a bladeless version is presented):
Vent valves
The ventilation valve for the bathhouse is installed in the supply and exhaust ducts. There are two types of this device - KIV (air infiltration valve) and KPV (forced ventilation valve). Outwardly, they practically do not differ from each other, and their operating principle is the same. The outer part of the damper is equipped with inclined blinds to prevent water from entering from the outside, and the inner part is equipped with a head and membranes for sound and heat insulation.
When installing valves, you should follow several recommendations:
- for bath ventilation it is necessary to install dampers made of heat-resistant materials;
- installation must be carried out on the load-bearing walls of the bathhouse;
- It is not advisable to install valves on walls facing a garbage can.
Related article:
There are many ways to ensure a healthy atmosphere. If you install supply valve into the wall - the problem will be solved quickly. In a special publication we will look at how to choose and install it correctly.
Vents in baths
Vents, or vents as they are also called, can be round, rectangular or square. They are located at the base of the building and on the roof. In bathhouses, vents are placed at a distance of 2 meters from each other, and if there are vents in the base, then holes are made in them as well. These basic ventilation ducts also need to be equipped with rodent protection grilles.
The video shows how to make an outlet in a bathhouse
How to make a hood in a bathhouse
Installing a hood in a bathhouse with your own hands is not a difficult task, but nevertheless it must be approached with calculation and slowly. First of all, you need to decide on the design, select the appropriate materials and calculate the diameter. Volume supply air must be equal to or less than the one being deleted. To comply with this condition, it is necessary to know the volume of the room and the air exchange rate. The air speed in the main line should be no more than 5 m/s, in the steam room - 2 m/s, in the branches - 3 m/s and natural ventilation - 1 m/s. In the table you can find the pipe diameter most suitable for obtaining the required volume of air at the specified flow rate.
Now knowing the diameter, all that remains is to take the appropriate pipe or corrugation and secure one end indoors and take the other outside. For fixation, self-tapping screws, metallized tape and polyurethane foam are used. A damper is placed at the entrance, and a grille at the exit. Ventilation ducts should be cleaned at least once a year.
For a clear understanding of how to properly make a hood in a bathhouse, we suggest watching the video
Ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands: a step-by-step guide
Making bath ventilation with your own hands is not difficult. Let's consider the creation of a forced air exchange system using the example of a frame bath. For this you will need:
- valve;
- fan;
- pipe of the appropriate diameter;
- gratings;
- drill with a long drill bit;
- screwdriver and .
A step-by-step guide on how to make ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands
| Photos of stages | Process description |
 | At the location of the ventilation duct, attach the pipe to the wall and outline it with a marker or pencil. |
 | Drill at least two holes along the resulting circle with a diameter exceeding the width of the jigsaw file. |
 | Using a jigsaw, we cut out the sheathing, making a hole for the ventilation pipe. |
 | We remove the wooden part of the sheathing. |
 | Construction knife We remove part of the heat and vapor barrier. |
 | Carefully remove it. |
 | Use a long drill to make through holes so as not to make a mistake with the location of the opening with outside walls. |
We have already repeatedly addressed the topic of bath ventilation, but these were materials regarding its theoretical part.
This article corrects the preponderance of theory and is entirely devoted to practical issues ventilation devices in the bathhouse.
How to properly make ventilation in a bathhouse: plan during the construction stage
Indeed, there are far from isolated cases of construction of baths without any ventilation. At first glance, it seems that the train has already left. However, in reality, there is always an opportunity to fix everything, although you will have to come to terms with the fact that it will cost a pretty penny. It is especially difficult to do forgotten ventilation in a brick bathhouse, where ventilation ducts are laid in the walls during the construction stage.
But what does it mean to plan during the construction phase? First of all, we are talking about the layout of the ventilation holes and ducts with which they are connected to the street or neighboring rooms (depending on the choice). Based on this diagram, the volume of the premises and standards, the diameter of the pipes is calculated to ensure the necessary gas exchange in each of the bath rooms: steam room, washing room, relaxation room, dressing room, toilet. If ventilation is forced, then the power of the fans is calculated.
If the bathhouse has already been built
Let's take, as an example, an ordinary Russian bathhouse, in which they forgot to make ventilation holes. In principle, if there are windows and the furnace firebox is located inside the steam room, then you can do without drilling holes at all.
But you will have to constantly resort to burst ventilation and use the furnace draft as ventilation.
- This will solve the problem as a whole, but there are disadvantages worth being aware of:
- By opening windows and doors, we do not so much reduce the temperature in the room as we transfer steam to other rooms (instead of the street, where the influx comes from, it is directed inside and condensation falls there), and then the steam leaves, and the temperature has only dropped slightly and will be restored in a short time time.
To use the stove draft, you will still have to make holes, but only in the lower part of the steam room door. Then an influx from neighboring rooms will flow through it, which, in turn, will pull through the cracks from the street. To regulate ventilation using the stove, a damper and stove doors are used. If you need to increase air exchange, just open the damper and firebox doors all the way.
To reduce it, the damper is covered, but not completely, because when closed with unburned firewood, this is a guarantee of carbon monoxide poisoning. By the way
, the problem of forgotten ventilation in a bathhouse made of any material can be solved using the described methods. They cannot completely replace supply and exhaust ventilation, but they save you from the hassle of making holes in the walls.
If such ventilation is not enough, you will have to drill into the wall. But more on this below.
Device, diagrams: how to make ventilation in a bathhouse
Ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands: a step-by-step guide
There are a number of materials included in other articles, so in order not to repeat ourselves, we suggest that you follow the links below - there you will find a lot of useful information on the topic of interest:
Now let's start analyzing the points that make up creating a bath ventilation system with your own hands; let's call it a step-by-step guide.
In terms of choosing a scheme, the answer to the question “how to properly make ventilation in a bathhouse” is ambiguous, since there is different schemes. Physics says that the supply opening should be located below the exhaust opening. What exactly the height difference between them will be is up to you to decide. Despite the fact that many sources suggest making an exhaust hole under the ceiling (but in no case on the ceiling, so as not to spoil the attic with condensation), there is a more advanced scheme, in which for one exhaust hole outside there are two exhaust holes inside. It's simple: install a pipe with two holes - lower behind the middle shelf and under the ceiling, and this pipe has only one exit to the street.
The schemes also differ in which walls to install the hood on. Most often there are no issues with the air vent - it is done under the stove, and the hood is made both on the opposite and on the same walls, and with access to the street, and to the adjacent room.
Select the optimal ventilation flow path
Calculations are simply made only for forced ventilation. For natural, many factors have to be taken into account, in particular, the strength and direction of the winds that usually blow in this area. Why is this necessary? Take the case where the exhaust vent faces the same side from which a strong wind blows. And it turns out that because of this, inflow tends to get into the exhaust hole. Then the supply air will also “turn around” in the opposite direction. This is called backdraft or reverse draft.
In order to avoid this, the ventilation ducts can be lengthened to lead in the desired direction, and even made with turns, which, by the way, reduce the speed of air movement.
The idea is simple: it is better to orient the inlet inlet towards the side from which the wind often blows, and the outlet of the hood towards opposite side or through the roof along a high pipe.
ADVICE! Rather than making ventilation ducts with elbows, it is better to immediately do forced ventilation.
By the way, not every wall will accept a ventilation duct well in its thickness. It is better not to do this in external block walls. There, all ventilation is carried out along the internal walls and partitions, often on top of the walls.
How to make a hole in the wall
This point is discussed in great detail below.
Installation of pipes and gratings
Galvanized pipes can be used as an air duct.
ATTENTION! If you take plastic ones, pay attention to their temperature range so that the steam room does not damage them.
Ventilation in the waiting room
The dressing room should be a warm room with fresh air, in which it is comfortable to stay after bath procedures. Therefore, it is usually equipped with only one ventilation hole- hood. And to speed up the gas exchange process, a fan is often placed on this hood. The exhaust vent itself is located opposite the steam room at a height of half a meter. It's being drilled out in an accessible way in the wall, place a plug on it on one side, and a grille or deflector on the other. In case of forced ventilation, there is a fan inside, connected according to the instructions supplied with the device.
But if the furnace of the stove is not in the steam room, but in the dressing room, you will have to make sure that fresh air comes to the stove from the street. For this purpose it is equipped ventilation duct , most likely made of galvanized steel, which runs under the finished floor and delivers fresh air directly to the oven door. Installation of this channel is carried out until the completion of work on the floor. A pipe of the calculated diameter is inserted at one end into a hole in the wall, where it is secured using polyurethane foam
and is closed with a grate, and on the other side it is led out to the oven and is equipped with an adjustable plug.
How to make ventilation in a sauna steam room The ventilation mode of the steam room differs from other rooms in the bathhouse just as the steam room itself differs from them in its extreme nature. In a Russian bath, the ventilation is temporarily closed during steaming. But at the same time it is extremely important
for saturating the steam room with oxygen, uniform heating, and distribution of air flows.
More detailed information on this topic can be found in the articles and in general. In particular, among the well-proven methods of ventilating this room is bastu ventilation. But you can also read about it in the mentioned articles.
Do-it-yourself ventilation in the steam room Ventilation diagrams in the steam room can also be found in. As for the stages self-installation
air ducts, they are no different from those given above, so now we will consider in detail the method of drilling holes in walls made of logs or timber, as well as from blocks.
- How to make a hole in a log house wall Before you start you need to know place and dimensions
- A wood drill, the length of which should be greater than the thickness of the wall with the entire “pie”, if any, a through hole is drilled in the center of the marking.
- After this, from the outside of the wall draw a circle of the required diameter with a drilled hole in the center.
- External and internal wall trim is neatly sawed out in a circle, freeing the wall log.
- They are made with the same drill holes in the log around the entire circumference marked circle. And the closer they are to each other, the easier it is to remove the internal fragment later. Make sure the drill is perpendicular to the plane of the wall.
- A chisel and chisel will help remove jumpers between the drilled holes. Work should be done both inside and outside the bathhouse.
- Taking out the middle part, don't trim the edges- it's too much.
Useful video
And here in the video the same thing is done using a drill and a crown:
How to make a hole in a block wall
The method for a block wall is exactly the same as described above, except that you use a concrete drill (you can use a crown instead). By the way, the blocks are very soft, the main thing is not to collide with metal (reinforcing mesh, dowels, fastening fittings for openings). If this happens, you will need special pliers (hydraulic).
IMPORTANT! There is also a chance of colliding with metal when drilling a log house - there are dowels under the ceiling that hold the power plate, so it’s worth renting pliers in advance.
As for air ducts, plugs and valves, all this is purchased in stores. The air duct is most often a galvanized pipe (round, square or rectangular in cross-section), which must be thermally insulated (wrapped with insulation) and sealed with foam so that condensation does not form and the wall does not get wet.
Plugs and dampers are purchased for the required diameter. It’s better to take wooden ones, because plastic in the steam room will release carcinogens we don’t need, and metal will burn in a heated steam room. As for the diagrams, we have already provided links to them.
Useful video
It shows how to make a square hole in a wall using a drill.
Well, that’s all we could tell you about how to make ventilation in a bathhouse. We can only wish you success in realizing your plans. Ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands is a difficult task, but feasible for many. We hope that you have planned everything well and to the end, and in the future you will not have to regret either the lost time or the money invested.
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