Home heating system device and operating principle. What does the heating system consist of? Advantages of a natural circulation system
On the territory of our state, the most popular type of home heating is water heating, as the traditional and most rational option. Its high popularity is due to the relatively affordable price of the materials from which the system is assembled and the fuel, which in most cases is played by natural gas.
How does it work?
The operating principle of water heating is remarkable for its simplicity. This type of heating is characterized by closed system, the main elements of which are pipes, radiators and a heating boiler.
The heat generator heats up the coolant (water, glycol solution), which, in turn, flows through pipes to radiators installed in heated rooms.
Hot batteries warm up the air due to heat transfer, and the rooms are equipped with comfortable temperature. Once cooled, the liquid is returned to the boiler, where its temperature rises and the cycle repeats over and over again.
Circulation type
As mentioned earlier, water heating operates by moving coolant through the system. Now we will look existing species water circulation, which have fundamental differences that must be taken into account when choosing a scheme.
Natural (gravity)
In this case, the heating process consists of different densities of hot and cold coolant.
The heated liquid loses its density and decreases in weight, so it is pushed upward, flowing through the pipeline. Having given off heat and lowered the temperature, the water becomes denser, sinks down and goes back into the boiler.
To the advantages natural system water heating can be attributed to its autonomy, since it does not need electricity, and a very simple design.
If we talk about the disadvantages, then an impressive number of pipes with a large diameter will be required, otherwise the process of gravity will be disrupted, and modern radiators with a small cross-section they simply will not be able to dock with the highway. Also, when installing the pipeline, it is necessary to ensure a slope of 2°, which will facilitate the correct operation of the system.
Forced
Water flows through the pipeline using circulation pump. The excess coolant mass that forms after heating is discharged into the expansion tank (in most cases closed design), which prevents liquid evaporation.
This rule especially applies to those cases when glycol compounds are used as a coolant. The pressure in forced heating systems must be controlled using a pressure gauge.
The advantages of such a water heating system are very obvious and consist in a small volume of coolant with a low flow rate of pipes, the diameter of which is inferior to the previous option.
Also here it becomes possible to set the desired heating temperature for radiators, which can be of absolutely any type. The disadvantage is the dependence on the power supply, without which the pump cannot operate.
Equipment
Water heating will be reliable and efficient only if all its parts are correctly selected and installation is carried out correctly. In this case, the elements of the system must interact with each other and match each other by type.
Boiler
The choice of the main heating device is determined by the fuel that will be used to heat the house. According to their type, boilers are:
- gas;
- electrical;
- liquid and solid fuel;
- combined.
The most economical devices are rightfully considered to be those that operate on natural gas, however, they require a highway and constant monitoring by special services.
Complete independence from the central energy system can be achieved using solid or liquid fuel, but you will have to come to terms with the concerns of procuring and storing energy resources.
An electric boiler is the least popular, as it consumes a lot of energy and, as a result, incurs high heating costs. In this case, it is better to install radiators that directly convert electricity into heat.
The power of the unit is selected according to the area of the room that will be heated using a water heating system. The selection is made using an average ratio of 1 kW:10 m², while the height of the walls should be no more than 3 m. You also need to take into account the degree of thermal insulation of the room, the size window frames and the presence of third-party heat consumption points.
Highways
Traditional circuit pipes, which are easily susceptible to corrosion, are increasingly giving way to products that do not have such significant drawback. They were replaced by samples made of galvanized metals and stainless steel.
The most reliable option is considered to be copper parts that are resistant to sudden pressure drops and temperature indicators. They do not rust and are easily hidden in the wall. Their only drawback is the high cost of the material, which is considered a representative of the premium segment.
Metal-plastic pipes are different long term operation. They have excellent strength, are resistant to corrosion, and do not accumulate sediment on internal walls, their installation is simple, and installation work is carried out quickly.
The disadvantage is the high coefficient of linear expansion during temperature changes, which can lead to damage.
Wiring
Water heating of a private house can be installed in different ways, depending on what types of functions are assigned to it. There are two schemes:
- Single-circuit.
- Double circuit.
One circuit
The first type is designed only for heating the room. It includes a single-circuit boiler with air exhaust, single-pipe wiring and batteries with required quantity sections.
To ensure supply hot water, which is used in economic needs, you can install two such structures at the same time. So, one of them will heat the house, and the second will be solely responsible for the hot water supply. This practical solution, since in warm time year, there is no point in heating your home in order to obtain warm water for the shower or kitchen.
This design is very easy to assemble and affordable. It is suitable for houses with a small area (up to 100 m²). This explains its popularity among owners small dachas. Single-circuit water heating can be improved by installing a circulation pump, temperature controllers on batteries and two-pipe wiring.
Two circuits
This wiring principle provides for the simultaneous supply of hot water and heating of the area. Suitable for houses where no more than 4 people live.
It is worth considering that tap or softened water is suitable here. Hard fluid from the well can damage the system equipment and therefore cannot be used.
System type
Having become familiar with the methods of coolant circulation through the mains, it is worth knowing that the circuit of a water heating system can be single-pipe, double-pipe or collector. Let's look at all three options in more detail.
One pipe
In this case, the water moves sequentially from radiator to radiator, losing temperature along the way, making each subsequent battery colder.
This negatively affects the achievement of a comfortable climate in the rooms.
Two pipes
For such a scheme it is more typical high-quality heating premises. It provides for the installation of two pipes that are connected to each radiator. One of them supplies the batteries with hot coolant, and the second takes the cooled water back to the boiler, so heat loss will be minimal.
Most effective option, at which mandatory element is a collector that separately supplies a pipe with hot water to each heating element. Another pipe returns the cooled coolant back.
Considering this feature, it is possible to carry out repairs and set the temperature of each radiator separately, without taking the entire circuit out of service. Unfortunately, here the pipe consumption increases significantly and it becomes necessary to install a manifold cabinet.
Distinctive characteristics
If we compare with air and electric heating, then water heating has firmly taken a leading position due to many factors. First of all, this affordable price for materials, work and operation of the system, including payment for spent energy resources, which other types of home heating cannot boast of.
Here we can note the high heat transfer of heating elements, which contributes to uniform heating of rooms and the establishment of a comfortable climate. It is also important that the coolant can be heated using any type of fuel, which is impossible with electric heating.
All work on installing a water system can be easily done with your own hands and this is also a huge plus. With air routes, things are more complicated and, most likely, you will have to turn to specialists for help.
Over the past few years, closed heating systems have become increasingly popular. heating equipment becomes more and more expensive, and you want it to last longer. In systems closed type the possibility of free oxygen getting inside is practically eliminated, which extends the life of the equipment.
Closed heating system - what is it?
As you know, in any heating system of a private house there is expansion tank. This is a container that contains some coolant removal. This tank is necessary to compensate for thermal expansion under various operating conditions. By design, expansion tanks are of open and closed type, respectively, and heating systems are called open and closed.
IN last years is becoming increasingly popular closed circuit heating. Firstly, it is automated and works without human intervention long time. Secondly, it can use any type of coolant, including antifreeze (it evaporates from open tanks). Thirdly, the pressure is maintained constant, which allows you to use any type of pressure in a private home. household appliances. There are several more advantages that relate to wiring and operation:
- There is no direct contact of the coolant with air, therefore, there is no (or almost no) unbound oxygen, which is a powerful oxidizing agent. This means that the heating elements will not oxidize, which will increase their service life.
- A closed-type expansion tank is placed anywhere, usually close to the boiler (wall-mounted gas boilers come immediately with expansion tanks). Tank open type must be in the attic, and this means additional pipes, as well as insulation measures so that heat does not “leak” through the roof.
- The closed type system has automatic air vents, so there is no airing.
In general, a closed heating system is considered more convenient. Its main drawback is its energy dependence. The movement of the coolant is ensured by a circulation pump (forced circulation), and it does not work without electricity. Natural circulation in closed systems it is possible to organize, but it is difficult - it requires regulating the flow using the thickness of the pipes. This is a rather complicated calculation, which is why it is often believed that a closed heating system only works with a pump.
To reduce energy dependence and increase heating reliability, install blocks uninterruptible power supply with batteries and/or small generators that will provide emergency power.
Components and their purpose
In general, a closed heating system consists of a certain set of elements:
- Boiler with safety group. There are two options here. The first is that the safety group is built into the boiler (gas wall-mounted boilers, pellet and some solid fuel gas generators). The second is that there is no safety group in the boiler, then it is installed at the outlet in the supply pipeline.
- Pipes, radiators, convectors.
- Circulation pump. Ensures the movement of coolant. It is installed mainly on the return pipeline (the temperature is lower here and there are fewer possibilities of overheating).
- Expansion tank. Compensates for changes in coolant volume, maintaining stable pressure.
Now in more detail about each element.
Boiler - which one to choose
Since the closed heating system of a private house can operate autonomously, it makes sense to install a heating boiler with automation. In this case, having configured the parameters, you do not need to return to this. All modes are supported without human intervention.
The most convenient gas boilers in this regard. They have connectivity room thermostat. The temperature set on it is maintained with an accuracy of one degree. It dropped by a degree, the boiler turned on, heating the house. As soon as the thermostat is activated (the temperature is reached), the operation stops. Comfortable, convenient, economical.
Some models have the ability to connect weather-dependent automation - these are external sensors. Based on their readings, the boiler adjusts the power of the burners. Gas boilers in closed heating systems - good equipment which can provide comfort. The only pity is that gas is not available everywhere.
No less degree of automation can be achieved electric boilers. In addition to traditional units, induction and electrode units have recently appeared on heating elements. They are distinguished by their compact size and low inertia. Many believe that they are more economical than boilers using heating elements. But even this kind of heating units cannot be used everywhere, since power outages in winter time- a common occurrence in many regions of our country. And provide the boiler with electricity. 8-12 kW from the generator is a very difficult matter.
Boilers based on solid or liquid fuel. Important point: for installing a liquid fuel boiler it is necessary separate room- This is a requirement of the fire service. Solid fuel boilers can be installed in the house, but this is inconvenient, since a lot of debris falls from the fuel during combustion.
Modern solid fuel boilers, although they remain periodic equipment (they warm up during combustion and cool down when the fuel burns out), but they also have automation that allows you to maintain a given temperature in the system, regulating the intensity of combustion. Although the degree of automation is not as high as that of gas or electric boilers, it is there.
Pellet boilers are not very common in our country. In fact this is also solid fuel, but boilers of this type operate in continuous mode. Pellets are automatically fed into the firebox (until the stock in the burner is finished). At good quality fuel, ash cleaning is required once every few weeks, and all operating parameters are controlled by automation. The only thing holding back the spread of this equipment is its high price: the manufacturers are mainly European, and their prices are corresponding.
A little about calculating boiler power for closed-type heating systems. It is determined by general principle: per 10 sq. meters of area with normal insulation take 1 kW of boiler power. It’s just not recommended to take it “back to back”. First, there are unusually cold periods during which you may not have enough rated power. Secondly, working at the power limit leads to rapid wear of the equipment. Therefore, it is advisable to take the boiler power for the system with a margin of 30-50%.
Security group
A safety group is placed on the supply pipeline at the outlet of the boiler. She must control its operation and system parameters. Consists of a pressure gauge, automatic air vent and safety valve.
The pressure gauge makes it possible to control the pressure in the system. According to recommendations, it should be within 1.5-3 Bar (in one-story houses this is 1.5-2 Bar, in two-story ones - up to 3 Bar). If you deviate from these parameters, appropriate measures must be taken. If the pressure drops below normal, you need to check if there are any leaks, and then add some coolant to the system. At high blood pressure everything is somewhat more complicated: you need to check what mode the boiler is operating in, whether it has overheated the coolant. The operation of the circulation pump, the correct operation of the pressure gauge and the safety valve are also checked. It is he who must discharge excess coolant when the threshold pressure value is exceeded. A pipe/hose is connected to the free branch pipe of the safety valve, which is discharged into the sewer or drainage system. Here it is better to do it in such a way that it is possible to control whether the valve works - if water is discharged frequently, you need to look for the reasons and eliminate them.
The third element of the group is an automatic air vent. Air trapped in the system is removed through it. Very convenient device which allows you to get rid of the problem air jams in system.
Security groups are sold assembled (pictured above), or you can buy all the devices separately and connect them using the same pipes that were used to wire the system.
Expansion tank for closed heating system
The expansion tank is designed to compensate for changes in coolant volume depending on temperature. In closed heating systems, this is a sealed container divided into two parts by an elastic membrane. At the top there is air or inert gas (in expensive models). While the coolant temperature is low, the tank remains empty, the membrane is straightened (picture on the right).
When heated, the coolant increases in volume, its excess rises into the tank, pushing back the membrane and compressing the pumped into top part gas (in the picture on the left). This is displayed on the pressure gauge as an increase in pressure and can serve as a signal to reduce the combustion intensity. Some models have safety valve, which, when a threshold pressure value is reached, releases excess air/gas.
As the coolant cools, the pressure in the upper part of the tank squeezes the coolant out of the container into the system, and the pressure gauge readings return to normal. That's the whole principle of operation of the expansion tank membrane type. By the way, there are two types of membranes - disc-shaped and pear-shaped. The shape of the membrane does not affect the operating principle in any way.
Volume calculation
According to generally accepted standards, the volume of the expansion tank should be 10% of the total coolant volume. This means that you must calculate how much water will fit in the pipes and radiators of your system (it is in the technical data for radiators, and the volume of the pipes can be calculated). 1/10 of this figure will be the volume of the required expansion tank. But this figure is only valid if the coolant is water. If non-freezing liquid is used, the tank size is increased by 50% of the calculated volume.
Here is an example of calculating the volume of a membrane tank for a closed heating system:
- the volume of the heating system is 28 liters;
- expansion tank size for a system filled with water 2.8 liters;
- the size of the membrane tank for a system with non-freezing liquid is 2.8 + 0.5 * 2.8 = 4.2 liters.
When purchasing, select the nearest larger volume. Don't take less - it's better to have a small supply.
What to look for when purchasing
Stores have containers of red and of blue color. Red tanks are suitable for heating. The blue ones are structurally the same, only they are designed for cold water And high temperatures can't stand it.
What else should you pay attention to? There are two types of tanks - with replaceable membrane(they are also called flanged) and non-replaceable. The second option is cheaper, and significantly, but if the membrane is damaged, you will have to buy the whole thing. For flanged models, only the membrane is purchased.
Place for installing a membrane type expansion tank
Usually they put expansion tank on the return pipeline in front of the circulation pump (if you look in the direction of flow of the coolant). A tee is installed in the pipeline, a small section of pipe is connected to one part of it, and an expander is connected to it through fittings. It is better to place it at some distance from the pump so that pressure differences are not created. An important point is that the piping section of the membrane tank must be straight.
After the tee they put ball valve. It is necessary to be able to remove the tank without draining the coolant. It is more convenient to connect the container itself using an American nut. This again makes installation/disassembly easier.
Please note that some boilers have an expansion tank. If its volume is sufficient, installing a second one is not required.
The empty device does not weigh much, but when filled with water it has a significant mass. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method of mounting on the wall or additional supports.
Circulation pump
The circulation pump ensures the operation of the closed heating system. Its power depends on many factors: the material and diameter of the pipes, the number and type of radiators, the presence of shut-off and temperature control valves, the length of the pipes, the operating mode of the equipment, etc. In order not to go into the intricacies of calculating power, the circulation pump can be selected according to the table. Select the nearest larger value for the heated area or the planned thermal power of the system, and find the required characteristics in the corresponding line in the first columns.
In the second column we find the power (how much coolant it can pump in an hour), in the third - the pressure (system resistance) that it is able to overcome.
When choosing a circulation pump in a store, it is advisable not to save money. The entire system depends on its performance. Therefore, it is better not to save money and choose a trusted manufacturer. If you decide to buy unknown equipment, you need to somehow check it for noise levels. This indicator is especially critical if the heating unit is installed in a residential area.
Strapping scheme
As mentioned earlier, circulation pumps are installed mainly on the return pipeline. Previously, this requirement was mandatory, today it is only a wish. The materials used in production can withstand heating up to 90°C, but it’s still better not to take risks.
In systems that can work with natural circulation, during installation it is necessary to provide the ability to remove or replace the pump without the need to drain the coolant, as well as to allow operation without a pump. To do this, a bypass is installed - a workaround through which coolant can flow if necessary. The installation diagram of the circulation pump in this case is shown in the photo below.
In closed systems with forced circulation a bypass is not needed - without a pump it is inoperative. But two ball valves on both sides and a filter at the inlet are needed. Ball valves make it possible, if necessary, to remove the device for maintenance, repair or replacement. The dirt filter prevents clogging. Sometimes like additional element reliability, between the filter and the ball valve they also put check valve, which will prevent the coolant from moving in the opposite direction.
Connection diagram (piping) of a circulation pump to a closed-type heating system
How to fill a closed heating system
At the lowest point of the system, usually on the return pipeline, an additional tap is installed to feed/drain the system. In the simplest case, this is a tee installed in the pipeline, to which through small area pipe is connected to a ball valve.
In this case, when draining the system, you will need to substitute some kind of container or connect a hose. When filling coolant to ball valve hose is connected hand pump. This simple device can be rented from plumbing stores.
There is a second option - when the coolant is simply tap water. In this case, the water supply is connected either to a special boiler inlet (in wall-mounted gas boilers), or to a ball valve similarly installed on the return line. But in this case, another point is needed to drain the system. IN two-pipe system this may be one of the last radiators in the line, to the lower free entrance of which a drain ball valve is installed. Another option is presented in the following diagram. Shown here is a closed-type single-pipe heating system.
Closed circuit single pipe system heating system with power supply unit
As is known, most of housing stock in Russia is carried out through centralized heating. IN Lately This scheme for supplying heat to the apartments and houses of our compatriots is increasingly criticized due to imperfections, the use of outdated equipment and the lack of self-adjustment. Over the years of its existence, the centralized heating system has proven its effectiveness and right to life. This article will discuss the structure, operating principle, advantages and disadvantages of central heating supply apartment buildings.
Purpose and structure
Central heating is a rather complex and extensive utility network, a feature of which is the production and supply of heat and hot water from a source to a group of buildings and structures through a main pipeline.
This system includes several structural elements:
- The source of thermal energy is a boiler house or thermal power plant. The first ones, to transfer heat to heated rooms, heat water by burning gas, fuel oil, and coal. In heating plants, steam is initially produced, which, by rotating the turbines, becomes a source of electricity, and after cooling, it is used to heat the coolant. Thus, heated water is supplied to the heating systems of consumers.
- The main pipeline is used to transport the coolant from the source to the consumer. This system is a complex and extensive network of two heat pipes large diameter(supply and return), which are laid underground or above ground.
- Consumers of thermal energy are considered to be equipment that uses a coolant to transfer heat to a heated room.
All modern systems Heating systems (CO) can be classified according to the following criteria:
- the type of coolant they use;
- work schedule;
- method of connection to the heat source and hot water supply.
Exist the following types heating systems:
- Mermen.
- Steam.
- Airborne.
Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and characteristics, which will be discussed below.
Water heating systems for apartment buildings are most common in the area Russian Federation. They are easy to operate and allow you to move the coolant over long distances without significantly deteriorating its performance. The temperature of the coolant in these COs can be controlled centrally.
Airborne COs are less common due to their high operating costs. A huge advantage is the ability to use hot air for heating rooms and organizing a ventilation system.
The steam heating system is most often used in industrial facilities. This is due, first of all, to the need for this coolant for production needs. Since the movement of steam does not create a large hydrostatic pressure, pipes of smaller diameter are used in steam CO.
All types of CO can be divided into two groups according to the schedule of thermal energy consumption: year-round or seasonal cycle.
According to the method of connecting CO to the heat supply source, heating systems can be dependent and independent.
Firstly, the coolant is supplied directly from the source to the consumer. In the second case, the heated coolant enters the heat exchanger through which water circulates. It is the water heated in this way that enters the heating system of the apartment building. 
According to the method of connecting the hot water supply to the heat supply system, all COs are divided into open and closed. In open ones, water for hot water supply is taken directly from the heating system. In a closed water heating system, water for domestic hot water is heated in source heat exchangers.
Operating principle and design features
IN central heating everything is arranged quite simply: the source produces coolant at the required temperature and supplies it through the heating network system to the central heat receiving point, where the water temperature is adjusted. From the central heating station, the coolant flows directly to the heated structures, at the inlet of which house valves and filter elements are installed.
Important! Shut-off valves for coolant water in the house heating system allow you to disconnect the common house heating circuit from the central heating system in the event of emergency situations and in summer period when the heating system of the house is not functioning.
After entering the common house CO, the coolant enters the elevator, which brings the temperature of the coolant to standard values that allow it to be used by heating devices. Today, as part of the thermal modernization of houses, elevator systems are replaced with automated units heating system control.
Behind the elevator, it is usually installed shut-off valves to control the supply of coolant to the entrances. According to the latest requirements, heat meters are installed at the heating inlets into the entrance. Next, the coolant is supplied directly to consumers through risers.
Advantages and disadvantages
District heating has its pros and cons. Among the advantages are:
- Reliability, which is ensured by special services subordinate to municipal authorities.
- Environmentally friendly, thanks to the use of environmentally friendly equipment.
- Simplicity due to lack of opportunity self-configuration coolant pressure and temperature.
The disadvantages of this heat supply system are:
- Seasonality, which does not allow the end consumer to use CO in the off-season.
- Lack of ability to independently regulate the temperature of radiators.
- High heat losses due to the length of heating networks.
And as a conclusion: the imperfection of the system district heating became one of the reasons for high tariffs for heating and hot water supply. That is why many of our compatriots, by hook or by crook, are trying in every possible way to abandon this CO and switch to an autonomous heating option with an individual gas boiler.
Advice: central heating is important engineering system Houses. That is why any interference with it carries penalties. If you have problems heating your premises, do not self-repair or modernization of the CO, please contact the management organization.
Climatic conditions middle zone and northern Eurasia require thermal insulation of houses, but insulation alone is not enough. Heat losses must be compensated using a heating system. Water heating in a private home is a common and most effective method.
The quality of operation of the heating circuit directly depends on the design features, choice heating device and type of wiring. You will learn how to decide on the equipment and the most suitable scheme by reading the article we propose. The information presented is based on the requirements of building regulations.
We described in detail the design principle of a water heating system and examined typical device options. To optimize the perception of a difficult topic, we included diagrams, photo selections and videos.
Heating structures with liquid coolant have a similar set of components, these are:
- heating equipment– boiler (gas, liquid or solid fuel), stove, fireplace.
- Closed loop in the form of a pipeline, ensuring continuous circulation of heated and cooled coolant (antifreeze).
- Heating devices– metal finned, panel or smooth-tube radiators, convectors, pipelines for water-heated floors.
- Shut-off valves necessary to disconnect individual devices or lines of the system for repair and maintenance;
- devices for adjusting and monitoring the operation of the system (expansion tank, pressure gauge, relief valves, etc.).
- Circulation pumps, used to create forced submission coolant, sometimes a booster pump is installed to ensure stable pressure in the system.
If a centralized gas pipeline is laid nearby, the most economical solution is the installation of a gas boiler.
In the absence of central networks for independent system gas supply will have to install a gas tank. However, this option is applicable only in the case of arranging an estate of a sufficiently large area.
Image gallery
- open, used for both pumping and natural forced systems, should be installed above the main riser;
- closed membrane devices, used exclusively in forced systems, are installed on the return line in front of the boiler.
Expansion tanks are designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the liquid when heated. They are needed to dump excess into the sewer or simply onto the street, as is the case with protozoa open options. Closed capsules are more practical because they do not require human participation in adjusting the pressure of the system, but they are more expensive.
On this site you will learn how to make Do-it-yourself water (radiator) heating of the house step by step. You will receive a clear algorithm for how and what to choose, calculate which appliances to use, which boilers, how to install and run the heating system.
If until now you thought that making water heating at home with your own hands is too difficult, then after reading the materials on the site, you will be convinced of the opposite.
Thus, the author spent a lot of time studying the theory of making a radiator heating system, and practical mastery of installing the system took several minutes (sorry, I didn’t measure it more precisely) - that’s exactly how much is needed to master the main tool - a soldering iron for polypropylene pipes, - for installing water heating at home (I assume you have been able to work with a screwdriver, hammer, wrench and drill for a long time).
Home heating design
Perhaps you think that heating design is something extremely complex, accessible only to specialists with a higher engineering education. And therefore you plan to find a company that provides this type of service and entrust all the work to them. Do not hurry!
Familiarize yourself with the materials offered in this section; most likely, to your surprise, you will find: designing heating is quite accessible and does not take much time.
Even if you later decide to order a water heating project from specialists, it will not hurt to understand this issue - after all, you will still have to make the final decisions.
Connecting heating boilers: diagrams
Here I collected (still amassing) as much information as I could about connecting boilers, both floor-mounted and wall-mounted. various options water heating and hot water supply systems.
Heating system calculation
Here is shown the calculation of the heating system for specific example. You will master the heating calculation method, and you will find that you can do this task, even if you do not have a higher technical education.
All calculations are performed in a special program, which can be downloaded for free from the link in one of the articles in this section.
How to choose a heating boiler?
From the right choice The heating boiler depends not only on the uninterrupted operation of the heating and the comfort in the house, but also on how expensive or not the heating will cost financially.
But the chimney for the heating system is no less important - after all, without a chimney, not a single boiler will work (well, except, of course, an electric one) ... Therefore, these two topics are combined into one section.
Radiators for home heating
Which radiators to choose for heating your home? What are the types? heating devices? What types of radiators are there?
The articles in this section will help you choose the most suitable radiators for heating your home.
Pipes for heating system
Once upon a time, all apartments and houses had steel pipes and - period... But now materials have appeared that allow even a person who does not have a highly qualified welder to install a pipeline - as long as he has a pair of hands capable of holding wrench. And there is no exaggeration in this: it was the author of this site, having no experience and doing many things for the first time in his life, who made radiator heating with his own hands in his house.
Heating equipment
In addition to the boiler, radiators and pipes, it turns out that the heating system requires a lot of other - so to speak, auxiliary - equipment. But “auxiliary” does not mean “optional”. Without this equipment, the heating system will often not work even if everything else: the boiler, radiators and pipes are in perfect order.
Heating installation
There's nowhere else to retreat, that's it preparatory work behind, the “other half” is increasingly grumbling “when will this end!”, and we are forced to take up the tool and, heart-stopping with our courage, make a radiator heating system with our own hands...
Here we are talking about installing a polypropylene heating system, as it is the most affordable and easy to learn (as mentioned above, you can learn how to assemble a pipeline from polypropylene pipes in a few minutes!).
Pressure testing and starting the heating system
Here we only talk about pressure testing and starting the heating - and no “water”.
DIY water heating
