The top part of the door is called. What parts does the door consist of? Types of interior door designs
Modern interior doors perform many functions, the main one of which is the delimitation of space different rooms into separate residential areas, for each of which you can create an independent atmosphere, separate various purposes rooms and create absolute various designs interior Also, interior doors allow a person to retire in his own world and space. So, in one room a child can do his homework in complete silence, and in another room there will be a fun and noisy feast for his parents and family friends. If we talk about the aesthetic side, then interior doors can decorate and highlight the interior of a room, highlight some of its elements or visually enlarge the space.
One of the most popular interior doors, the doors are made of wood. Moreover, wooden interior doors can be either made of solid wood or made of a frame and MDF or chipboard. Next we will look at the main structural elements interior door.
False box
False box is predominantly wooden product, which is installed during the construction stage and greatly facilitates the future installation of an interior door. This product is a box in which it is installed door frame doors. Modern builders usually do not use false boxes - instead they are used polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam fixes the doors in the opening, and the fixation process itself is very simple, inexpensive and quick. However, polyurethane foam is short-lived and the door becomes loose over time. If you install a false frame in the opening, this situation will not occur - the doors will be rigidly fixed for a long time.
Door leaf
The door leaf is the movable part of the door that opens and closes the doorway. Door leaves are divided into solid, paneled and glazed. Glazed door leaves are equipped with through openings into which transparent, frosted, colored or embossed glass is installed. Solid doors are distinguished by the absence of panels and glazing.
Paneled doors are distinguished by the presence of flat or convex panels. Panels can be made of solid wood, MDF or chipboard. It should be understood that solid wood panels are used the least often, since when installed in rooms with a high level of humidity, they can change their shape and deform the door leaf or, on the contrary, shrink, which will cause the appearance of unpainted areas on the panels. That is why doors with similar elements require support for certain climate conditions, however, if the panels are made of MDF or chipboard, they are not so sensitive to humidity levels and temperature.
It should be understood that the canvases are made of solid wood or a frame made of solid wood with honeycomb filling and MDF panels or chipboard. Doors made from a single piece of solid wood are heavy, which requires the installation of stronger ones. door hinges which need to be looked after more carefully. Unlike solid wood doors, frame doors are lightweight, which does not place any special demands on the quality and strength of door hinges.
Door frame
The door frame (frame) of an interior door is a fixed element, which is made of solid wood or MDF and is a profile to which the door leaf is attached. The door frame is securely installed in the false frame. In case of foaming, the door frame is installed directly in the doorway and attached to the wall. It is necessary to understand that during assembly, the dimensions of the door frame are adjusted directly to the door leaf, and not to the door connector in the wall.
The box consists of two vertical posts and one or two crossbars. Special slots are made in the vertical and transverse racks, which allow the installation of telescopic trims. If such an element is not provided, no slots are made.
In terms of stylistic design, the door frame is made to match the color and texture door leaf. However, it is not always made from identical coating material. For example, you can find doors from natural veneer with a door frame with artificial coating to match the color and texture of the natural veneer of the door leaf.
Interior door frames
Platbands for interior doors are decorative overlay elements that hide the junction of the door frame and the doorway. The connection of the door frame can be either foamed or with a false frame. Platbands are traditionally made from various materials, among which the most popular are platbands made of solid wood, veneered MDF or plywood. According to the style of execution, platbands are divided into flat, figured and semicircular.
It should be noted that, depending on the installation, there are overhead and telescopic platbands. Overlay trims are simply applied to door elements and part of the wall and are attached using adhesives or fasteners. Telescopic platbands are distinguished by a special method of fastening, which is provided at the production stage of the door frame. At the production stage, slots are made in the door frame into which special guide elements of the platbands are inserted. Similar solution allows you to install the platbands perfectly evenly relative to the door frame and door leaf.
Door access
The door addition is an assembly decorative element interior door, which is used if the width of the door frame does not match the width of the wall. Dobor represents wooden panel, which is installed between the platband and the door frame, which allows you to elegantly hide the excess wall that was formed due to the difference in the width of the door frame and the wall.
The use of extensions made it possible to aesthetically solve the problem by finishing the section of the wall that was not covered by the frame. Previously, this part was covered with wallpaper, putty applied or painted. With the advent of door extensions, this problem was solved by itself. There is no need to invent anything, and most importantly, there is no need to draw out and level the corners of the doorway - they are completely formed by the platbands and trim.
Door block It is a door frame with a leaf hung on it. Installed in the opening stone walls or partitions such a block protect from rotting, in addition, it is fixed, like window blocks, to wooden liners embedded in the slopes of the opening. The threshold of most external doors, including balcony doors, is slightly raised. Door block in the partition opening installed in the same plane (flush) with one of the surfaces of the fence. Then it is attached to the bars framing the opening, or to wooden inserts. The gaps between the frame and the partition are sealed, and the joint is covered with platband.
Fill elements doorway include: U-shaped door frame with quarters around the strapping office; door leaf hung on the frame.
The individual parts and details of the doors have the following names:
– the opening part of the door is called the door leaf;
– the frame installed in the doorway, on which door panels are hung, is called a door frame;
– to decorate the opening and cover the gap between the frame and the partition or wall, platbands are installed around the perimeter of the box;
– the transition from platbands to baseboards and floors can be decorated with bedside tables;
– to improve the thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire resistance of the door, install a door threshold, which is a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway;
– to protect the lower part of the door leaf from contamination and damage, a plinth can be used (mainly on external doors);
– door trims are bars with a shaped profile, designed to cover the narthex of double-leaf doors;
– door slabs are bars with a shaped profile designed to divide the glazed part of the door and strengthen the glass;
– the frames of the door leaf, with a frame (paneled) door solution, are called the main bars, the middle bars are the bars that divide the door leaf into parts and serve as a connection between the frames;
– panels are individual panels that fill the space between the frames and mullions;
– door leaves are attached to the frame (hung) on hinges;
– door devices are attached to the leaves: locks, handles, bolts (latches), safety chains, etc.;
– to increase the sound and heat-insulating properties of doors, special seals are used.
1 - door leaf; 2 - door frame;
3 - platbands; 4 - door sills;
5 - harness; 6 - middle;
7 - panel;
8 - door devices; 9 - seal;
Figure 8.2 – Door components
For ease of evacuation, most doors in civilian buildings open outward, with the exception of interior doors and entrance doors to apartments.
Door leaves:
-panel, which is a wood slab, lined on the outside with wood-fiber boards, plastic or veneer from valuable species wood. Such door leaves are economical in wood consumption, decorative and widely used in modern construction;
- strapping, made in the form of a plank frame with glazed filling. Canvases of this design are intended for internal doors;
- lattice, glazed at the top with longitudinal strips and protected by vertical bars. Such fabrics are used for entrance doors residential buildings;
- paneled, consisting of a contour frame, reinforced with a middle, and panels (filling) made of plywood and board panels. This design of door leaves is labor-intensive to manufacture, requires high-quality wood, and therefore in modern construction it is used only for front doors. public buildings;
-carpentry, made in the form of a board panel on planks or dowels. Doors of this design are suitable for basements;
- made of tempered glass with a polished or patterned surface. Such canvases with a thickness of 10-15 mm are intended for entrance doors of public buildings.
The main components of doors remain today almost the same as they have been for many centuries. But in modern doors they can be made from new materials, using latest technologies. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to achieve the required technical characteristics, and on the other hand, get unlimited possibilities For artistic solution doors
Doors are installed in doorways, left in walls and partitions separating rooms. Let us briefly remind the reader of what main parts the door consists of.
The individual parts and details of the doors have the following names:
- the part of the door that opens is called door leaf;
- the frame installed in the doorway on which the door leaves are hung is called door frame;
- to design the opening and cover the gap between the box and the partition or wall, install along the perimeter of the box platbands;
- the transition from platbands to baseboards and floors can be formalized bedside tables;
- to improve the thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire resistance of the door, suit door threshold, which is a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway;
- can be used to protect the lower part of the door leaf from contamination and damage plinth(mainly at external doors);
- door strips are called bars with a shaped profile, designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors;
- door slabs are called bars with a shaped profile intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass;
- door leaf straps, with a frame (paneled) door solution, the main bars are called, middlemen- bars that divide the door leaf into parts and serve as a connection between the frames;
- panels are called individual shields that fill the space between the trims and mullions;
- door leaves are attached to the frame (hung) on loops;
- attached to the canvases door devices: locks, handles, bolts (latches), safety chains, etc.;
- to increase the sound and heat-insulating properties of doors, special seals.
This is far from full list elements that can be used to make doors. For example, guides and rollers are used for sliding and folding doors, special insulation and double-glazed windows are used for heat-insulating doors, etc. More details from design features Each type of door can be found below in the relevant sections.
People who are not professionally versed in carpentry are accustomed to the fact that a door is something monolithic, a complete product, and yet many centuries have passed since doors began to be made from several elements, the quality of each of which is very important for quality wooden door generally. We will tell you about these components of the door.
Components of an interior door
Usually the door leaf, in fact, is called the door, but in fact, this is far from the only part general design. This is the part of the door that covers the doorway. Made canvas maybe from solid wood and MDF, if we are really talking about doors, of course high level. The door leaf can be either solid or with various kinds inserts made of glass, wooden gratings, etc.
Methods of decorating the door leaf can be different - this includes wood carving, veneer finishing various breeds wood, plastic or metal elements etc. There can be a huge variety of options in external design.
The door leaf itself consists either of a frame made of solid wood beams, or of elements called pillars, ligaments and a paneled part (that is, solid wood panels, paneled doors). The vertical side elements are pillars (racks) - the hinges are attached to them and the lock is embedded. Transverse (horizontal) elements are ligaments. Everything that is inside this so-called frame is called a panel (paneled part). The paneled part can be either made of solid wood or MDF, or replaced with glass. There may be two or more paneled parts.
2. Box
Hinged to attach to box- that is, to two racks and a crossbar, which in turn are attached to the wall opening. Sometimes an additional crossbar is placed below - a “threshold”.
The box must be massive and resistant to changes in temperature and humidity. This is important for secure fastening door design in the doorway.
It is advisable to insert seals into the racks and crossbars, as in plastic windows. This will reduce the sounds of closing the door, as well as all sounds, and will prevent odors and drafts from spreading throughout the apartment.
3. Platbands
Platbands are wooden planks that cover the junction of the frame and the wall (seam), forming a common doorway. They come in different shapes:
Rectangular,
- semicircular and figured (that is, radius).
Platbands They are attached to the box using special nails so that the caps are not visible.
Platbands are made of wood or MDF.
4. Extras
If the walls are wide enough, then between the frame and the platband there remains an unclosed space in the alignment of the wall opening.
Extensions are used to close this opening. They look like wide rectangular frames.
5. Accessories
Accessories are hinges, door handles, locks, chains, bolts, in general, all the remaining parts of the door structure.
Classical door furniture most often made of brass. Of course, the fittings must match overall design door, because it largely reflects the belonging of a wooden door to a particular style.
