How to build floors in a private house. Floor design in a wooden house: characteristics and requirements. Options for possible designs
To build a private house, you have to work hard, and all the processes performed require significant costs.
In an effort to save money, some do some of the work themselves, so the question arises: how to make a floor in a private house without calling in construction crews for help?
Anyone who has all the resources can do this kind of work. necessary materials, suitable tools and certain knowledge.
Types of floors
Diagram of a single and double plank floor Before starting work, you should decide what design the main coating will have.
Among the most popular types it is necessary to highlight following types floors:
- single;
- double;
- concrete.
The choice of each of them is determined design features buildings in which it is planned future installation, and conditions of further operation.
Features of flooring
Single floors are recommended only for summer cottages
Single flooring is usually quite simple design, for which there is no need to spend a lot of materials and time. The floorboard is fixed directly to the joists using nails.
The disadvantage of this plank floor is its limited use. This coating is most often used only in the country, or in small houses and fully performs only the functions of holding the weight of all objects and people located indoors, combined with moderate cheapness.
In the room where it is planned year-round accommodation, such designs are used less and less.
Double floors consist of a finishing and rough screed and are thermally insulated A double floor is a structure suitable for installation in a room where people will be all year round. What should the floor be made of so that it is warm even when it’s cold outside?
This design consists of two layers: rough and finishing screed. Between them are laid waterproofing and thermal insulation materials. They perfectly protect not only the floor, but also the entire house from blowing and dampness from destruction.
Floor arrangement diagram The rough coating is made from Not edged boards, and finishing - from tongue and groove. All the processes required to build a floor in a private house can be done with your own hands.
The concrete floor is a regular poured screed. To accomplish this, first implement preparatory work to dismantle the old coating and place the guides, then lay waterproofing layer and a solution is made with which the prepared area is filled.
So that the floor is of high quality and ready for further finishing works, he should be given the necessary time to set.
Concrete consumption table for poured floor.
Installation of a single floor made of wood
The instructions presented below will help you understand the question of how to properly install a floor in a private house, while observing the order of all actions.
- The installation of a single floor will be carried out on poles, which, as a rule, are mounted during the construction of the main structure. At the same time, the interval between the pillars should be maintained at 80 cm. Subsequently, beams 10 cm thick are laid on each of the supports.
- On top of this structure we lay a grid of logs, which should have a cross-section of 5x5 cm. If the board prepared for the ceiling has a cross-section of 3 cm, then the distance between the logs should be maintained at 50 cm. Place the system below the level using special wedges and firmly fix it with nails.
- A rough floor made of unedged boards is laid on this structure with your own hands, and a floor covering, usually linoleum or laminate, is laid on top of this layer.
For such floors, thermal insulation does not play a big role, since they are constructed for temporary or ancillary buildings.
However, when placed in residential buildings Before laying the subfloor, the space between the joists should be filled with sheets of polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene. Positive properties are low cost and quick construction.
Double wood floor
The structure of this design is somewhat more complicated. It includes, along with a rough screed, layers of steam, heat and water protection with a tier located on top finishing coating. Last layer, as a rule, is made from tongue-and-groove boards.
How to build a floor that will keep you cool in summer and provide a pleasant microclimate in winter? Read more about correct device watch the floor in this video:
You can do all the processes yourself if you follow the step-by-step instructions:
When placing the boards, it should be taken into account that there should be an air pocket of at least 2-3 cm between the vapor barrier and the layer of finishing boards.
For good ventilation, special through holes should be made in the air pocket, which must be covered with decorative sheathing.
Concrete floor
Initially, markings are made to make such a coating. To do this you should use laser level, which will accurately help set the marks along which the threads will subsequently be pulled.
Calculation and tools
Concrete floor installation To carry out all processes, you must have:
- vibrating rammer;
- roofing felt;
- fine expanded clay;
- durable polyethylene film;
- foam boards;
- reinforced mesh;
- spirit or laser level;
- slats.
Only by making a durable, perfectly level concrete floor can you hope for high-quality arrangement floor covering.
Concrete floor installation
Before making floors in a private house, you need to read the instructions, which will help you carry out all the processes in strict accordance with the rules and regulations:
- Initially, the base of the surface on which the concrete floor will be made is prepared. For this purpose it is being prepared rough foundation, which can be made from interlayers broken bricks or crushed stone using M100 concrete.
- The next stage involves installing a waterproofing layer. It is very practical in this case to use roofing material.
- After this, you need to take care of thermal insulation. You can use expanded clay or foam boards for this purpose. In the middle zone, it is advisable to place both of these layers simultaneously, starting with the foam.
- On top of the laid layers, it is best to place a small wooden sheathing followed by laying the chain-link mesh.
- On top of the erected frame, starting from the corner farthest from the entrance, a smooth pouring of concrete begins with simultaneous leveling according to the rule along the marked beacon lines. Filling is carried out in one go.
- The final stage is leveling the top layer with liquid cement mortar or a special self-leveling compound. To learn how to properly fill a subfloor, watch this video:
To successfully complete your floor pouring tasks, you should follow the included instructions and purchase quality Consumables and devices.
It's no secret that the comfort of living in a home largely depends on high-quality floors. Installation basement floor produced using various materials: wood, concrete, special mixtures using self-leveling floor technology. Floors in a private home must be smooth, durable, retain heat and have aesthetic qualities.
Types of floors
The question of what to make the floor of a house from often arises when building your own home. Therefore, there is a need for a detailed study of the types of floors, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages.
Wooden covering
Wood floors look impressive, they meet environmental requirements, combine practicality and long service life, and allow for repairs as necessary.
Installation of a wooden floor requires the presence of the following materials: timber with a thickness of at least 15 cm, edged boards with a thickness of at least 2.5 cm, waterproofing and vapor barrier elements, insulation. Timber and boards must be taken dry, their humidity should not exceed 12%.
Polyethylene film or roofing felt is suitable as waterproofing. There are a huge variety of vapor barrier membranes on the market. The insulation can be slabs made of mineral wool, sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, expanded clay. You will also need nails and screws, metal angles, a hammer and a screwdriver.
Installation of a wooden covering goes through several stages. The first thing to do is to carefully level the ground on which you will then create sand cushion. It is necessary to lay waterproofing on it. If roofing felt is used, the overlap between the strips is at least 15 cm.
Next, a strapping beam is installed along the perimeter of the house, to which, using metal corners logs are attached. All bars are pre-treated protective compounds. The distance between the joists should be equal to the width of the insulation. If mineral wool slabs are used, they are installed by surprise. This must be taken into account when installing logs.
Then a vapor barrier membrane is stretched over the joists and insulation overlapping, the joints of which are glued with special tape. The final stage involves installing the boards. They are also recommended to be treated with protective compounds. The boards themselves should be nailed as tightly as possible to each other.
Note! Lighting of a private home - how to organize it correctly? Photo review of the best ideas!
When the wooden floor is ready, it can be varnished or linoleum laid on it.
Concrete floors
Most often, concrete floors in a private house are installed in utility rooms, but this option is also possible in residential areas. The floor is poured according to the following scheme.
If there is a need, a small pit 10 cm deep is first dug in the area of future filling. Then a sand cushion at least 5 cm thick is made, which is carefully compacted. A reinforcing mesh is laid out, beacons are placed, which will help you monitor the evenness of the surface.
Concrete will reach its nominal strength in 28 days, after which it will be possible to begin finishing. Options for such finishing are tiles or linoleum on a thick base.
Linoleum is used in living rooms, tiles are laid in the hallway, bathroom and toilet, in the kitchen. Linoleum is glued to concrete with special mastics, or it simply lies freely, secured along the walls with plinths. A special adhesive is used to lay the tiles.
Self-leveling coating
To install such a floor in a private home, special mixtures are used, which self-level after application. This is one of the most popular methods of installing floors in country houses. The cost of a self-leveling floor directly depends on the manufacturer and brand of the mixture.
In addition, there are flooring options with a pattern or color, which is also reflected in the price. The basis of self-leveling floors is concrete screed, the surface of which is treated with special primers to improve adhesion. Using a drill with special nozzle, carry out breeding bulk mixture water. The solution is applied to the primed base in small portions and rolled out with a needle roller to remove air bubbles.
For better strength gains, the finished floor is covered with plastic film, if this is specified in the instructions for the mixture. After the solution has completely hardened, it can be coated with polyurethane varnish to add shine.
The coating will be ready for full use in a week, and you can move on it within 12 hours after pouring. The peculiarity of this floor is that it is often used as the main one. But you can also lay carpet on top, lay parquet or laminate.
If you have the financial opportunity and the floors are being made in a residential area, then it is best to use three-dimensional or decorative self-leveling floors. To do this, you need to think about what kind of pattern will be placed on the floor, and then contact a company that specializes in these issues. She will take a photo of the floor in the house, printing it on a banner of the required size. Subsequently, using a special technology, this banner will be installed on the floor, making the room stylistically very attractive.
Warm floor technology
The most convenient and practical option- this is the installation of a heated floor in a private house. There are floors with water and electrical system. Electric floors are popular in small spaces apartments or country houses. The main condition for installing electric floors is the presence of a power supply line capable of operating under heavy loads.
The only drawback of an electric floor heating system is that it consumes more electricity.
In the case of floor heating in large rooms, in which there is also no central heating, it makes sense to use water floors, since they can significantly save energy.
The water floor as a heat source has water heated by a boiler, circulating through pipes built into the floor. Role heating elements is given metal-plastic pipes(there are options for using plastic pipes). They are laid on the subfloor and connected through a distribution mechanism to the supply and return manifolds. The water circulating in the pipes has a temperature of +35-45°C. More high temperatures would make the floor uncomfortable and subsequently lead to its destruction.
A water heating system has a number of advantages:
- heating costs are reduced due to the low temperature of the coolant;
- as an independent unit, it makes it possible to effectively use living space (in the absence of radiators);
- economical compared to the system electric heating floors, despite high installation costs
What kind of flooring to install in a private home is always decided on an individual basis in each case. In this case, it is necessary to balance the purpose of the floors, their price and the quality of the materials used. Knowing the intricacies of all the options, the advantages and disadvantages of this or that type of flooring, you can ultimately achieve a unique result, while getting the best floors for yourself.
Photo of floors in a private house
The comfort of living in a private house largely depends on how correctly the floors are assembled. To install the basement floor, you can use the most different materials. But most often, floors in country houses are assembled from boards. Quite rarely, but still sometimes they are made of concrete. Recently, it has become very popular various kinds jellied self-leveling mixtures.
Wooden covering
Using boards is the best answer to the question of how to make a floor in a private house. The wooden covering looks very impressive, is practical, highly maintainable and lasts a long time. To install such a floor, you will first need to prepare the following materials:
- Edged board with a thickness of at least 2.5 cm.
- Waterproofer. You can take a very thick plastic film or roofing felt.
- Thermal insulator. Most suitable option Rigid mineral wool slabs are considered for floor insulation. However, you can also take more expensive polystyrene foam. Also, floors in country houses are often insulated with sawdust or expanded clay.
- Beams for logs are purchased only if these elements have not been installed during the construction of the house. In any case, their thickness should be at least 15 cm.
- Vapor barrier. This material will prevent the insulation from getting wet due to condensation forming from the side of the room.
You will also need to prepare a hammer or screwdriver, nails and screws, and steel angles.
Wood flooring assembly
So, let's see how to properly make a floor in a private house from boards. In order to arrange wood covering, the first step is to carefully level the ground. Next, a thin layer of sand is poured. You can skip this step if you wish. Then roofing felt is laid. The overlap between strips should be at least 15 cm.
The distance between the lags should be equal to the width of the insulation. Mineral wool slabs are installed by surprise. A vapor barrier is placed over it. The overlaps in this case must be at least 15 cm. The vapor barrier can be secured with slats (two per joist on either side).
On final stage boards are installed. They should be well dried and planed on top. In addition, they must be treated with an antifungal compound. When assembling, the boards should be adjusted as closely as possible to each other. Otherwise, during operation, gaps may form between them, the floor will begin to creak, etc.
Which varnish to choose for wood
You can finish plank floors using almost any means. For example, polyurethane varnishes are very popular. Their advantages include, first of all, environmental friendliness and the fact that they are not afraid of even very serious loads. Also, quite often, floors are covered with detergents. acrylic base. They are not very resistant to various types of mechanical stress, but they are easy to apply and are very inexpensive. You can use alkyd, quick-drying varnish or very durable epoxy to cover a wooden floor.
Ceiling above the ground floor
Many owners of suburban areas are interested, among other things, in the answer to the question of how to properly install a floor in a private house with a basement. In this case, the wooden covering is assembled using approximately the same technology. The only difference is that you will first need to fill the boards from below, from the basement side. On them, just like on the ground, a waterproofing material is laid, and then insulation.
How to make a concrete floor in a private house
This option can also be used in a country building. Most often, concrete floors are made in utility rooms of the house. They are filled in as follows:
- A shallow pit (10 cm) is dug in the room.
- Its bottom is leveled and compacted with a hand roller.
- Sand is poured in a layer of 5 cm. It also needs to be compacted.
- A reinforcing mesh is laid on wooden blocks.
- Beacons are displayed.
- The concrete mixture is being poured.
It is better to start laying the solution from the corner farthest from the door. It is advisable to do the filling in one step.
Poured concrete floors will gain strength no earlier than in two weeks. After this period, you can start walking on them. However, heavy furniture or household appliances It is worth bringing into the premises no earlier than in a month.
Finishing
Of course, it's just concrete covering- this is not only ugly, but also not very convenient. Therefore, such floors are usually topped with tiles or thick linoleum. The second option is also used in living rooms, if for some reason concrete floors are poured in them. Tiles, like in a city apartment, are used to decorate the toilet, shower room, hallway and kitchen. They attach it with special glue.
It is better to lay special linoleum on a concrete floor - with a warm underlay. Fixing it on a cement surface will, of course, be quite difficult. Adhesive tape is definitely not suitable in this case. Therefore, the canvases can simply be laid loosely, securing them with plinths around the perimeter. Sometimes linoleum is also glued to concrete using a special mastic.
Warm floor
“What is the best way to make a floor in a private house?” - the answer to this question is, of course, ambiguous. Use boards or concrete mixture- the solution is simply wonderful. However, the so-called “warm floors” are still considered the most convenient and practical. Concrete screed in the residential premises of a country building is often done precisely during their arrangement. In this case, dense slabs of insulation specially designed for such systems are installed on the sand. Then pipes are laid on them according to the scheme. Next, everything is filled with concrete mixture.
Composition of cement mortar
Thus, you now know how to make a warm concrete floor in a private house. When performing this procedure, it is important to use properly prepared cement mortar. If for a regular concrete floor, in addition to sand, crushed stone is also taken as a filler (in the proportion of 1x3x1), then when pouring pipes for a “warm floor” system, it is not used. In this case, the percentage ratio of binder and filler should be 1x3 or 1x4.
How to pour a concrete floor on a basement floor
So, we have figured out how to make a floor in a private house. Now let's see how you can arrange the flooring in the basement. In this case, it is very important to pay maximum attention to waterproofing. Instead of sand, it is better to line the bottom of the pit with crushed stone.
Otherwise, the answer to the question of how to make a floor in the basement of a private house is extremely simple. Pouring is done in the same way as in rooms. If, for example, a car is to be driven into the basement, the reinforcement must be tied as strong as possible. The rods for it are taken with a thickness of at least 12 mm.
Self-leveling coating in a private house
Next, let's see how to make a floor in a private house using a special self-leveling mixture. This method of installing coatings in country buildings has recently become very popular. It is easier to make such a floor than even a concrete one. Besides self-leveling coatings, Unlike cement screeds, can be very beautiful.
So, how to make a poured floor in a private house correctly. This operation is performed as follows:
- Done concrete base. The method of filling it is no different from that described above.
- The surface of the finished screed is dust free. If the concrete floor was poured a long time ago, it will most likely need to be touched up.
- The surface is being primed.
- Using a hammer drill, the bulk mixture is diluted with water.
- The solution is applied to the primed base in small portions and carefully leveled.
- Immediately after pouring each portion, the solution must be passed with a needle roller to remove bubbles.
The finished floor should be covered with plastic film. In this case, it will gain strength better.
As you can see, using a self-leveling mixture is a very good answer to the question of how to make a floor in a private house. A photo of such a coating with a 3D pattern, presented a little lower, clearly demonstrates its attractiveness and reliability. You can make such a coating, including with your own hands.
3D self-leveling floor
The filling technology in this case will be the same as when arranging a simple polymer coating. But in this case you will need to make two layers. A base coat is first applied to the prepared screed. Next, a mosaic is laid out from pebbles or some other artificial materials. You can also use a pattern on self-adhesive film. In this case, the base base is pre-primed.
At the final stage, the finishing layer of the polymer floor is applied. After it has gained sufficient strength, it should be varnished.
Well, we hope we have answered the question of how to make floors in a private house in sufficient detail. The methods for assembling them may vary depending on the materials chosen. But no matter what method the home owners choose, everything must be done carefully, adhering to the required technology. In this case, the floors will last as long as possible and will look neat.
Finishing the floor is one of the last stages of renovation in an apartment or private house. It can be carried out using various materials, each of which has advantages and disadvantages.
Depending on the purpose of the room, there are certain requirements for materials:
- Hallway. A room with high foot traffic, in which a large amount of dust and dirt accumulates. The flooring should be as durable and non-marking as possible.
- Bathroom.
- In this room, the flooring is constantly in contact with water, so the material must be moisture resistant and easy to clean.
- Balcony. The conditions in such a room are close to those on the street, so the products must be resistant to low temperatures and humidity.
- Living room. This is a room with a high foot traffic, so the main characteristic of the material is mechanical strength.
- Bedroom. In this case, the floor covering must be environmentally friendly.
- Children's room.
The material must combine the characteristics of the products for the two previous premises. This material is used for laying floor coverings in premises of any purpose. Linoleum was especially popular during Soviet Union
, now it is not so common, but still holds certain positions. Linoleum - accessibility and ease of care
- Advantages: A wide range of. The flooring material is made in various colors and may have patterns and ornaments on the front. Modern roll materials
- imitate the surface of stone, wood, parquet and so on.
- Moisture resistance.
- Mechanical strength.
- High rates of sound and heat insulation.
Simple installation and subsequent maintenance. Among the disadvantages, it should be noted that the plasticity is too high; dents remain on the linoleum after furniture and other. heavy objects
Some models emit harmful substances, this can be determined by a strong chemical smell.
Another classic floor finishing option. Most often, the material is used for arranging floor coverings in kitchens and bathrooms. Ceramic tiles – environmentally friendly and durable
- The positive aspects of tiles include: Chemical resistance active substances
- , water, ultraviolet radiation and abrasion. Wide range of shades and sizes of products. Materials that imitate color and texture are also produced natural wood
- , stone and others.
- Easy to care for.
Health safety.
Tiles are considered an almost ideal option for floors in the house, but the material is cold, which makes it unpleasant to walk on barefoot. Some types become slippery when wet, and the tiles are also quite fragile and easily crack when hit or dropped by an object.
Wood is now experiencing a new wave of popularity. With its help, floors are laid in rooms for any purpose, including kitchens. Linoleum - accessibility and ease of care
- Plank flooring – nobility and a feeling of comfort Noble.
- appearance
- Environmentally friendly.
- Feeling of comfort and coziness.
Among the disadvantages, exposure to water should be noted, so it is necessary to take measures to protect the coatings. Because of this, finishing floors requires more time and money. The ability to absorb moisture makes the wood very fragile; spilled juice, tea or coffee will leave a mark on the coating.
Wood also requires regular sanding, since over time burrs appear on the surface. In addition, high-quality natural materials are quite expensive. If they are not processed correctly, they can swell or dry out, leading to deformation. Don't forget about rodents and insects that prefer to live in such an environment.
Cork flooring – naturalness and warmth Such flooring materials allow you to create truly original coating. The products are made from cork tree bark, so they are completely natural and environmentally friendly.
- Comfort when walking barefoot.
- The coating is non-slip and non-marking.
- The cork is well protected from moisture.
- The material is easy to care for.
- A wide range of color solutions and textures.
Disadvantages include low mechanical strength and short service life. In addition, cork requires subsequent finishing with varnish, so such floors cannot be called budget.
Laminate – a wealth of choice and ease of care These products were invented to replace natural wood. Some of its characteristics are significantly higher than those of wood:
- Laminate is available in a very wide range. It can imitate shades of almost all types of wood, natural stone, fabric, leather and so on.
- The material is warm, in addition, a “warm floor” system can be installed underneath it.
- Easy to care for.
- imitate the surface of stone, wood, parquet and so on.
- Relatively low cost.
- Ease of installation (products are equipped with locking systems, making them easy to install).
Despite the fact that there are models with a moisture-proof coating, it is better not to use laminate for the kitchen or bathroom. You will also need to lay a layer of waterproofing. It should be noted that the laminate is quite fragile: prolonged contact with water and mechanical stress leave marks on it. In addition, during installation there is a risk of damaging the locking joints, so products must be purchased with a reserve.
Porcelain tiles - durability and practicality This material is very similar to ceramic tiles, but is produced using slightly different technology. At the same time, it resembles natural stone. IN modern world Porcelain stoneware products are popular due to the following advantages:
- The strength of porcelain stoneware is rated 9 points out of 10.
- Surfaces can last up to 50 years.
- Does not emit harmful substances when heated or wet.
- Easy to care for.
- Impact resistance sun rays and water.
- Does not burn and does not support combustion.
- A wide range of.
The main disadvantage is the high cost, and this applies to prices of both materials and installation work. Polished porcelain tiles are too slippery for use in kitchens and bathrooms. In addition, it is cold, so it needs to be heated. In some cases, it is impossible to cover the floor with such material due to its heavy weight.
Self-leveling floors
Self-leveling floor – aesthetics and uniqueness This type is considered relatively new; it has not yet gained popularity among users, but has a number of undeniable advantages:
- The presence of polymer compounds in the composition ensures high moisture resistance, so it is easy to wash.
- Self-leveling floors can last about 20 years.
- There are no seams on the surface, making it look aesthetically pleasing. This same feature protects the coating from the appearance of fungus.
- Attractive appearance.
Disadvantages include the high cost of the material and the need for serious preparatory processes. In addition, the coating cannot be repaired locally. That is, if the floor crumbles in some place, you will have to completely remove the coating and fill in a new one.
Concrete
Previously, concrete was used only for arranging floor coverings in utility rooms, garages, and so on. Nowadays, concrete screed is very often the basis for other products: parquet, laminate, tiles and others. But modern methods Filling and sanding make it possible to create a perfectly smooth, visually attractive coating (as can be seen in the photo) and absolutely inert to water. In addition, the floors are strong and durable.
Concrete floor - strength and durability Among the disadvantages is the large weight of the material, so it cannot be used in wooden houses. Also ideal for receiving smooth surface requires specialized construction equipment and qualified operators to maintain it. Another drawback is the complexity of the work.
On a note! If the floor is finished with concrete, then it is subject to mechanical stress. Despite its strength, the material can crumble if an object falls on it from a height.
Once this material was the main product for construction, but now it is considered a sign of prosperity and luxury. The fact is that the stone itself is cheap, but its processing requires high-tech, and therefore very expensive, equipment and consumables.
Natural stone – presentable and practical Among the advantages it should be noted:
- High mechanical strength.
- Resistance to almost any influence (precipitation, sun, shock).
- Almost unlimited service life.
But natural stone there are also disadvantages:
- Considerable weight, which makes it difficult to work with; it is not suitable for all floors.
- The stone is cold, so you will have to install a “warm floor” system.
- The installation process will be quite expensive.
- The material requires special care.
Another material for flooring, which has been known to mankind since antiquity. It is also considered expensive because it is quite difficult to install. It is made of glass or natural stone.
Mosaic – elegance and uniqueness The main advantage of mosaic is that it is possible to finish even curved surfaces, while you can create any patterns and designs using multi-colored elements. For ease of installation, manufacturers pre-attach mosaic fragments to the mesh, forming a pattern. The master can only glue it to the floor. According to their own performance qualities mosaic resembles tiles.
Among the disadvantages, the high price of the material itself and the work involved in its installation should be noted. In addition, a mosaic coating will not work modern interiors, she looks better in classic or antique style. It should also be noted that only an artist or a person with developed taste and imagination can handle the installation of mosaics on their own.
Polyvinyl chloride
Products from this material are produced in the form of tiles with adhesive base or lock connection. There are also cheaper varieties that need to be laid on a layer of tile adhesive. Modern coatings made of polyvinyl chloride are produced in a wide range color scheme. Previously, tiles made from this material were also used for laying floor coverings; many remember these blue and green squares; now the products look more aesthetically pleasing.
Polyvinyl chloride tiles - a wealth of choice and moisture resistance Among the advantages it should be noted:
- Easy and quick installation.
- Easy to care for.
- High sound insulation characteristics.
- Wide range of colors, shapes and sizes.
- Long service life.
Despite the above advantages, there are also disadvantages:
- High requirements for base preparation. The rough coating must be perfectly smooth, otherwise all defects will be reflected on the tile over time. It is also important to take into account that the humidity of the base cannot be higher than 5%.
- Before covering the floor with such material, it is necessary to keep the tiles in the room for several days so that they adapt to the conditions. In addition, each manufacturer indicates temperature and humidity conditions that must be observed during installation.
- Changes color and deteriorates when exposed to sunlight.
- PVC is synthetic material, so it releases harmful substances when burned. As for fire safety, it also leaves much to be desired.
This is a fairly popular finishing option. floor surfaces. It is a soft and warm material with long or short pile, which is laid on a prepared base and covered with a plinth. The result is a covering that resembles a regular carpet, but which covers the entire area of the room.
Carpeting – comfort and sound insulation Linoleum - accessibility and ease of care
- Relatively low cost.
- Comfort and coziness.
- Wide range of design solutions.
- Long service life and resistance to various types of influences.
- High level of sound insulation.
Negative qualities include:
- Cheap product options are not protected from negative impact ultraviolet.
- Highly hygroscopic and susceptible to water.
- Accumulates debris and dust.
- Difficult to care for.
- Light-colored products are very easily soiled.
- Requirements for foundation preparation. Under carpeted There must be a layer of reliable waterproofing.
Last on the list, but not least, is the flooring option. It is a high-quality and at the same time elite coating. Performance indicators directly depend on the type of wood used in manufacturing, as well as production and processing methods.
Parquet – durability and feeling of warmth If speak about positive aspects parquet, it should be noted:
- Attractive appearance. Like other products made from natural wood, parquet boards look noble.
- Long service life. Given that correct installation and regular sanding, the coating can last about 30–40 years.
- High thermal insulation qualities. In warm regions, there is no need to install insulation under the parquet.
Minuses:
- Susceptibility to various deformations. In the summer season, wood expands and contracts in winter, so expansion joints must be left when laying.
- High price. Parquet is significantly superior to laminate or linoleum in this indicator.
- The need for regular repairs and replacement of the protective varnish layer.
Parquet is one of the best views floor coverings, but due to the high cost of the material and work it has not gained much popularity A huge number of different materials are suitable for finishing floor coverings. Craftsmen even use coins or cardboard to decorate floors. Most products can be installed yourself to save some money on hiring specialists. But there are also those that require qualifications and the use of professional tools.
It's obvious that flooring process- one of the most serious and key stages repair work which requires maximum concentration and effort. Regardless of the choice of material, the floor will serve for a long time and effectively only if strictly observed construction technologies, rules and regulations.
Today we will talk about the construction of wooden floor structures on the ground floor of a private house using the standard method.
Construction of the structure will take place in five main stages
- installation of beams and joists;
- arrangement of waterproofing system;
- making a rough version of the floor;
- execution of a final version of the floor;
- flooring installation.
Most often, the entire structure is installed on a series of prepared support columns or beams (concrete or brick). The empty space that remains between the ground and the floor plane is called the underground. This space must be ideally ventilated, only in this case the wood will remain in optimal form the maximum possible amount of time.
Important nuance. Before you start equipment for wooden floor structures on the ground, you should find out how close to the surface of the earth are groundwater. If they leak high enough, seriously moistening the soil, serious waterproofing of the entire system will be required. You will also have to arrange high-quality ventilation for the subfloor.
It should be remembered that floors are subject to constant mechanical load, therefore wooden flooring should be chosen with special care.
In this case, the following points must be taken into account
- The wood moisture level should be 12 percent. The durability of the material largely depends on this indicator;
- material with cracks or chips is a bad option. In this case, the likelihood of repair work in the near future is very high;
- the wooden floor covering should be treated with one of the types of reliable antiseptics to increase the level of fire resistance and prevent pathogenic phenomena (fungus, etc.);
- the optimal solution would be to choose coniferous species wood: fir, larch, pine, cedar. Among hardwoods, preference should be given to ash or oak.
Durability wooden floors and the characteristics of the microclimate in the premises of the house depend not least on the condition of the underground - ideally it should be dry and well ventilated. In order to arrange effective system underground ventilation will need to be done required amount holes around the perimeter of the plinths. It is worth foreseeing the likelihood of a snowy winter and removing several ventilation pipes with visors. Increase level air circulation You can use a window fan (or several). Do not forget about the possibility of small rodents entering the underground - it would not be superfluous to install cellular gratings (cell size up to 8 millimeters).
Most types of wood floors in private homes are laid on a prepared system of support beams laid at the base of the foundation. It happens that the building construction project did not provide for the presence of support beams - in this case, the installation of support columns (concrete or brick) will be required.
If the laying of beams took place along with the construction of the foundation, the required number of support columns will have to be made in a separate order.
It is important to choose the points for installing supports correctly. For this purpose, a mark must be made on each of the embedded beams, and then ropes must be pulled along the entire subfloor. Next we repeat the same procedure for the width. At the points where the ropes (cords) will intersect, there should be corners support pillars.
It is important to correctly determine the number of supports so that the interval between them ranges from 70 centimeters to one meter.
Remember, the greater the thickness of the joists or beams, the smaller the interval when installing supports. The size of each recess for the support post must correspond to the sides of the support. When installing supports, do not forget - the height of the column will depend right choice its sections. The higher the support is from ground level, the more difficult it is to ensure its stability.
So, at the designated points we dig holes with a depth of 40 to 60 centimeters and lay the supports. In the case of brick pillars of small height (up to 25 centimeters), the installation can be done with one and a half bricks; in the case of high supports, we work with 2 bricks. In order to increase the reliability of the support system, you can fill the foundation under their bases. The bricks are secured by cement mortar and waterproofed.
The option with concrete pillars is considered more reliable due to the use of reinforcement. The parameters of each side of the concrete column can vary from 40 to 50 centimeters, depending on the height of the support itself.
In order for the floor surface to be perfectly flat, it is important to ensure that the horizon is maintained even at the stage of installing the supports. Therefore, we recommend regularly checking their flatness using a building level.
The next step is to remove upper layer earth along the entire perimeter of the subfloor, level the surface, then alternately backfill the gravel and sand layers. Each of them must be watered and carefully compacted. Tamping can be done using a vibrating plate or a homemade improvised means.
So, three or four layers should be laid on top of the supports waterproofing material. Next, we begin installing beams or joists, securely fixing them in place. In principle, the joists can be laid directly on the supports, but if we want the floor to be really strong, we first need to lay the required number of beams. In the case where a joist or beam is shorter than necessary, you should lay the joint between them on a support, connect them together using a “lock” method and secure them using self-tapping screws.
In order to securely fix the logs and beams on the tops of the support pillars, we will need the appropriate number of metal corners. Fastening the corners to the supports is carried out using dowels, and for fastening to wooden surfaces It's better to use self-tapping screws.
Each beam and joist should be thoroughly treated with an antiseptic composition.
If you suddenly discover that the horizon for the support pillars is not ideal, it’s not a big deal. If necessary, a special gasket or wedge can be placed under any of the sagging beams.
About single layer wood floor
Among the main methods of arranging a wooden floor in country cottage, first of all, we will highlight single-layer and two-layer options. Varieties of single-layer floors are usually performed during construction and renovation country houses. Year-round use of such structures is possible only in fairly warm regions. If you need floors that will be warm all year round, it is better to choose the “double insulated” option.
So, to install a single-layer wooden floor, we will need to lay the joists on the support posts and fasten them. In order to make logs, we use the required number of wooden blocks measuring fifty by fifty millimeters. The next step is laying tongue and groove boards (thickness from 40 to 50 millimeters) and attaching them to the joists - for this we will use screws or nails.
Speaking of flooring for a single wooden floor, we recommend choosing linoleum or simple painting.
In some cases, in order to make the entire structure more durable, the beams are first laid on supports, and only then the lags come in turn. A few more words about the support beams. Ideal material For manufacturing, perhaps, we can consider wooden beams, the thickness of which is 10 by 10 or 12 by 12 centimeters.
About the draft version of a two-layer floor
So, as mentioned above, if you plan to operate the cottage all year round, you will have to construct a two-layer and insulated floor structure. Of course, in this case you will spend significantly more effort, time and finances, but the level of return from such work will be completely different.
In this case, the sequence of our actions will be as follows
- We install the logs on a system of support pillars; we fasten them using self-tapping screws and metal corners;
- in each of the gaps, from joist to joist, a moisture-resistant plywood panel must be laid so that each of its edges lies on the protruding section of the support column;
- all remaining free space must be filled with thermal insulation (clay with sawdust, glass wool, polystyrene foam, mineral wool);
- It's time to lay the subfloor. As a material, it is best to take the required number of boards, the thickness of which can be 15-50 millimeters. It is very important to carry out correct processing boards to ensure they fit together as closely as possible. The lags and boards are fastened using self-tapping screws.
An important nuance: the edges of the plank floor must be at least 15 millimeters from each wall. This is necessary to ensure ventilation and prevent possible swelling of the floor due to seasonal swelling of the wood.
Next, we proceed to laying layers of heat and waterproofing. We cover the subfloors with polyethylene membranes (thickness - two hundred microns) and an additional layer of insulation (for example, polyethylene foam). Each membrane (film) must be overlapped; its edges must be glued using tape.
About laying the finished floor
To install finished flooring options, tongue and groove or parquet boards, as well as plywood panels, are best suited. The latter, as a rule, are laid on top of the insulation and secured with self-tapping screws diagonally and along the entire perimeter. Then the actual installation of the flooring begins.
About the option with tongue and groove boards
The undoubted advantage of this material is that tongue-and-groove floors look aesthetically pleasing even without additional floor coverings - you just need to carefully apply the required number of layers of varnish or paint.
We will lay the tongue-and-groove boards in the following sequence:
- before the material goes into work, it must “rest” in the room for 2-3 days, thus “getting used” to the microclimate of a particular room;
- it is necessary to make a distance of 15 millimeters from each wall in order to create a gap for ventilation and prevent swelling of the floor;
- The finishing floor boards are laid perpendicular to the rough floor boards. We start by laying the first row, clearly maintaining the line - with the spikes towards the wall. We fix each board using self-tapping screws, which must be screwed in so that the baseboard covers them close to the wall. From opposite sides, screwing the screws into the grooves should occur at an angle of 45 degrees. The gaps between the outer boards and the walls are closed with special wooden spacers.
In cases where the floorboards are shorter than the length of the room, they are usually laid staggered. This ensures an increase in the strength of the floor. The length of each screw should be several times the thickness of the boards. Holes for the entry of self-tapping screws should be prepared in advance, otherwise the board may be damaged (chip, crack, etc.).
We lay the next row of material (and each subsequent one) according to the principle of “tenons in the grooves of the boards of the previous row.” We compact the boards with a special rubber hammer, then fasten them using screws with downsides into the grooves.
About the option with parquet boards
The installation of finished floors from solid parquet boards remains one of the most popular and sought-after options in private homes.
Several features of the optimal implementation of this process of laying parquet boards
- fastening massive parquet boards using self-tapping screws can only be done on those sides where the tenons are located;
- the parquet board is laid out exclusively “staggered”;
- in the version using a plywood base, it is recommended to first fix the boards “with glue”, and only then carry out the fastening using self-tapping screws;
- diagonal laying method parquet board give a chance visual magnification rooms.
Finally
Each of wooden elements, included in the floor structure, must be treated with antiseptic and fire retardant compounds. This treatment will help increase the period of trouble-free use of the structure. The work on laying wooden floors in the house can be considered finally completed after applying the final floor coverings.
