Do-it-yourself stove-fireplace. DIY fireplace stove: drawings and process of laying a brick fireplace stove Corner fireplace with stove for a small house
Fireplaces never go out of style. They are constantly changing and improving. Not long ago, a new product appeared on the market: a fireplace that combines the functions of a stove and a hob. This device has a number of advantages over a conventional fireplace.
The main difference between a stove - a fireplace and just a fireplace - is the ability to cook food on it. There are models with a hob and an oven, but there are much fewer of the latter. An oven should not be confused with an oven in which bread is baked. Wood burns in the stove and the temperature here is much higher than in the oven, which is heated by the heat from the firebox.
For stationary fireplace a foundation is required, but a stove - fireplace does not need it. It can be installed on absolutely any surface. Its cost compared to full fireplace is not large, and the cost of installing it is generally minimal. It is universal and will easily become part of any interior. The stove also serves as both a heat source and a means of cooking.
A fireplace-stove with a hob is an indispensable thing for a residential cottage or country house, where there are often problems with gas supply or power outages. Having in country house a fireplace combined with an oven, you can easily prepare both a light romantic dinner for two and a full-fledged banquet for a large party. And later you can enjoy its warmth and the glow of the flame, sitting comfortably in front of it on a fluffy carpet. He will not let you suffer from cold and hunger in the literal sense of the word.
The material used to make fireplace stoves may vary. Let's look at the main options.
Made of cast iron
Its ancestor is the potbelly stove, improved in accordance with modern requirements. Cast iron is famous for its excellent heat transfer and resistance to high temperatures.
By shape cast iron fireplaces distinguish:
- with streamlined shapes - round and oval
- polygonal - in the shape of a square, rectangle, there are even triangular ones
According to the type of installation, furnaces are divided into:
- built-in
- attached to the wall
- free-standing (island option)
Types of fuel on which cast iron stoves and fireplaces operate:
- firewood
- Coal
- pallets – waste from processing of the above products.
Some stoves can only run on one type of fuel, but there are options for mixed combustion products.
Brick
Ideally, the arrangement of a fireplace combined with a panel and an oven is laid out initial stage construction. In all other cases, it will be necessary to carry out global reconstruction of the entire house.
However, if we compare a stove with an oven and a brick panel with a similar option made of cast iron, then it has undeniable advantages. A brick stove retains heat much longer than a cast iron stove.
Such fireplaces finished form does not exist. They are made according to a special project, which must be ordered from a specialist - unless, of course, you are fluent in this skill. The services of such masters are expensive, but this is not the case when you can save money. If the stove is laid out incorrectly, then you will not get any heat from it, nor will tasty food. Incorrect draft will not allow the stove to burn with full force. Soot and carbon monoxide will go into the room, and you risk getting poisoned.
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Metal
Unlike a brick fireplace, metal fireplace with oven and stove functions it is very compact and mobile. This unit allows you not only to cook and fry food, but also to dry vegetables and fruits, as well as smoke meat and fish.
Metal stoves heat up almost immediately and begin to produce heat. Warm air moves through the duct, heating the room. In such fireplaces, the wood smolderes slowly, which allows you to get more heat. And even after the wood burns out, the stove remains warm for a long time. There is practically no need for supervision - it is enough to load the firewood once and the heat in the room is ensured for a long time.
Principle of operation
A classic solid fuel stove consists of several parts:
- The portal is the front part of the stove, which is decorated with various accessories.
- The firebox is the chamber where the fuel combustion process occurs;
- Smoke chamber chamber closed type, in which all combustion waste is collected. From this chamber, carbon monoxide and smoke flow through an outlet into the chimney.
- Chimney. Vertical pipe responsible for creating air draft in the firebox and removing smoke;
- Hob for cooking.
The oven consists of two sections. IN top part laying firewood. Ashes are poured into the lower part - the ash pan. This compartment can be closed with a decorative grille. The hob is located directly on top. When the cooking process begins, the combustion intensity can be adjusted using draft. The hob may have a decorative cover that protects it from dust when not in use. Through the transparent glass of the oven compartment door you can observe the combustion process.
Food cooked over an open fire differs significantly in its taste qualities food prepared on regular stove. And the aesthetic pleasure of watching a live fire and the warmth emanating from the fireplace will make even the most simple interior cozy.
Both the stove and the fireplace have their own special advantages. The former heat the room faster and use fuel more economically, the latter allow you to enjoy the beauty of a living flame and its warmth. Most rooms do not allow the installation of two heating devices at once. Therefore, most a common question on all sorts of forums is how to combine a stove and fireplace. There are two possible options, we will try to consider each of them in more detail.
Installation of finished equipment
Most easy option combining these two types of heating devices is the purchase and installation of already finished products or if there is a need to fold the stove combined with the fireplace. This is possible if space was left for it at an early stage of construction.There are several design solutions for how to combine a fireplace and stove.
- Combination of two combustion chambers in one housing. This method is more acceptable and is in high demand. This design can also be used in traditional options stove equipment, for example, in a Russian stove. An interesting option is in which the furnace firebox goes into one room, and the fireplace into another.
- Glass door installation. Tempered glass covering the combustion chamber simultaneously allows the equipment to operate in both stove and fireplace modes. Its service life depends on the quality of this type of combustion door. Poorly tempered glass may over time lose its heat-resistant qualities and become unusable.
There are several advantages to this solution. Installation of products takes place in advance designated place, connection to the chimney occurs as quickly as possible. The costs in this case are minimal.
There are many options for how to combine a fireplace and stove, most of which require coordination with project documentation building and coordination of the project with the relevant authorities.
Combining a fireplace and stove
The difficulty lies in the fact that the cross-sectional diameter of the channels in one and another type of equipment is different, so to carry out such work will require at least the installation of two smoke exhaust systems.It is much easier to combine a fireplace and stove if they are metal. One option for such a connection is the possibility of finishing the equipment using refractory bricks. The stove and fireplace are built into this design.
Nuances associated with combining a fireplace and stove into one design
- Seek advice. Without competent advice from a stove-maker, it is better not to undertake this re-equipment. He should be entrusted with performing all the necessary work.
- Find out the rules and regulations governing the installation and operation of such equipment. For example, you can get information that a modern analogue of a “potbelly stove” can be installed in almost any room without restrictions. The convenience of this option is that some manufacturers not only combine a fireplace and stove, but also make sure that such equipment is sold completely ready for use. These models also include a chimney, so it can be installed almost anywhere in the house.
- Invite a master. Only a competent stove maker can handle the conversion or creation of a new combination stove.
The ability to combine a fireplace and stove, in addition to aesthetic value, also has economic benefits. The efficiency increases to 80-85%.
Fireplace and stove - what's the difference?
Is there a difference between how a room is heated using a fireplace and a stove? At first glance, it seems that if it exists, it is insignificant. In fact, beauty, as noted in one proverb, requires sacrifice, and in this case, their role is played by heat loss, which is associated with combustion in the fireplace.The fact is that the heating of the room mainly occurs due to the heat that comes out of the combustion chamber. A large percentage of hot air simply goes outside. The design of the stove allows you to accumulate this heat and use it to warm the walls, which are the source of heating the room.
If you can combine the level of heating of the room that a conventional stove has with the beauty of natural cain, you can reduce the heat loss coefficient. Therefore, it is economically profitable to install a stove combined with a fireplace or install ready-made combined equipment. There are several other advantages of this design:
- Possibility of cooking. Some models have space for an oven and have hob. The only one significant disadvantage is that the heating mode can only be controlled by reducing the fuel, which is not always convenient.
- Using combined equipment as the main heat source. In this case, a water circuit is installed in the combustion chamber.
Combining a brick stove and a fireplace may be right not only because of aesthetic value, but also because of economic benefits. This solution also increases the efficiency of heating the house and makes it possible to use the fireplace as the main source of heating.
(And it heats, and cooks, and pleases with comfort)
According to V. Zadde, it is best to build into the wall between the kitchen and the room a structure that is most fully described in the book by Litavar V.V., Kabanov V.V., Lobanov N.N., Shpagin M.V. — We make crafts in the apartment and at the dacha. Minsk: Harvest, 1995. This design was taken as the basis for the fireplace stove presented here.
It allows you to heat two rooms, one of which has a fireplace, and the other a hob with oven, two-burner stove and drying chamber with hood.
The peculiarities of the furnace include the small thickness of the walls of the heating channels (a quarter - a brick on an edge) with a cross-section of 1/2 x 3/4 bricks, which allows you to quickly heat up the furnace mass. The side walls of the firebox are also 1/4 brick thick.
Ventilation ducts in the fireplace improve the transfer of heat into the rooms both when the fireplace is lit and when the stove is lit. Cold air enters the fireplace through the lower ventilation holes, heats up and enters the room through the upper side openings. Combining the chimneys into one pipe allows you to simultaneously operate the fireplace and stove. The stove's firebox can accommodate logs up to 50 cm long. The cleaning door in the drying chamber also serves as a ventilation hole.
Furnace orders
1st row - continuous. It is placed starting from the floor level. At this stage, it is important to maintain the rectangularity and horizontality of the masonry and maintain the dimensions indicated in the drawing.
2nd row. Laying begins with the installation of a cleaning door and a firebox vent cooking oven and a fireplace. Horizontal lines begin to form ventilation ducts fireplace Here and further in the drawing, the bevel on top of the brick is shown by shading with thin solid lines.
3rd row. They begin to form the first horizontal channel of the cooking stove chimney.
4th row. The horizontal ventilation ducts of the fireplace are blocked and a firebox grate is installed. Here and further in the order, the bricks installed in the previous one are crossed out with a thin line.
row (in this case - on the edge).
5th row. Install the oven. Between it and the firebox, refractory bricks are laid on edge. The top of the bricks in the firebox on both sides of the grate is cut at an angle (indicated by shading with thin solid lines). The bricks at the transition to the first vertical smoke channel are also cut at an angle.
6th row. Install the firebox door and fireplace grate. Cut off the bottom of the bricks installed along the oven (hereinafter in the order, such a cut is shown by hatching with thin dotted lines).
7-8th rows. They begin to form the internal walls of the fireplace from refractory bricks. The top of the bricks on both sides of the fireplace grate is cut at an angle.
9th row. The top of the oven is covered with a layer of clay mixed with asbestos. Between the oven and the firebox, the top of the refractory bricks is cut at an angle.
10th row. After laying the row, a cast iron slab is installed on top. The outer edge of the furnace is covered with a steel corner.
11th row. The bottom of the bricks of the cooking chamber wall to the left of the cast iron stove is cut off to form a temperature gap between the stove and the bricks. After laying the row, the gap between the slab and the bricks is filled with a mortar based on clay and asbestos.
12th row. Install the cleaning door and begin to form the lower transition between the second and third vertical chimney channels with a wall thickness of 1/4 brick.
13th row. Begin to form the slope of the back wall of the fireplace by cutting off the ends of the supporting bricks at a slight angle, forming side walls fireplace
14th row. Using the template, the arch of the fireplace portal is formed from bricks cut into a trapezoid.
15th row. The portal arch is completed with bricks cut at an angle. On the side of the cooking stove, place two corners of of stainless steel. The second and third vertical chimney channels are formed. Round the bottom of the brick installed between them. Starting from this row, the bottom of the bricks of the front wall of the fireplace chimney is cut off to form a fireplace tooth.
16th row. The space above the cast iron stove is covered with a sheet of tin with holes dia. 8 mm with a step between them of 50 mm. A sheet of tin along the chimney wall is bent down 10 mm for rigidity.
17th row. Install the drying chamber door. The mantelpiece is covered with a carefully processed wooden board. Cut off the bottom of the side bricks of the fireplace chimney.
18th row. The formation of the fireplace tooth is completed. Cut off the top of the brick between the first and second vertical channels of the stove chimney.
19th row. Install a cleaning-exhaust door for the drying chamber on the front wall of the fireplace chimney.
20th row. Three corners are placed above the drying chamber: one - to the front wall, two, with vertical shelves facing each other, - every 12 cm. The bricks of the front and side walls of the fireplace chimney are cut off.
21st row. The formation of ventilation ducts is completed. The brick is cut off at the exit from the vertical channel.
22nd row. Install the cleaning door. The ventilation ducts, the first and second vertical channels of the stove chimney are blocked and the formation of a horizontal channel begins. Cut off the top of the bricks of the continuation of the horizontal channel. Cut off the bottom of the bricks of the fireplace chimney walls.
23rd row. Install the fireplace chimney damper. Top along inner wall A corner and transverse steel strips with a cross section of 30x3 mm are placed in the horizontal channel.
24th row. They cover the vertical and horizontal channels of the stove chimney. Cut off the bottom of the brick continuation of the stove chimney.
Combined furnace designs cannot be called an innovation - typical example The combined hearth is a Russian stove, which combines a stove, an oven, a drying chamber and a stove bench. Multifunctional stoves are not only convenient, but also economical - several tasks are solved with one chimney and even one kindling of firewood. Optimal choice For modern house can become a heating and cooking stove with a fireplace, providing heating, cooking and comfort.
How to more efficiently place a stove and fireplace in your home
To get an effective heating device, decorative hearth and functional kitchen stove, it’s not enough to choose the model you like. It is equally important to determine for the furnace optimal place in the house, based on the size of the home and the needs of the family.
Stove for heating a room with an area of 30-35 square meters
Very a good option Placing a heating and cooking stove with a fireplace can be called installing a fireplace in the wall between the living room-kitchen and the lounge or bedroom. A fireplace facing the living room will help out on cool evenings and create a romantic atmosphere at the right time.
For heating three adjacent rooms, an option is suitable in which the stove with oven and the main firebox are located in the kitchen, the fireplace opens into the living room, and the bedroom is heated by a heating panel.
If the hearth needs to be placed in one room, then the fireplace insert should be planned so that it faces the recreation area and is clearly visible. The stove should be convenient to use, so it is advisable to equip the kitchen as close to the hearth as possible. The location of the fireplace relative to the firebox and stove can be on the side or on the other side.
Project of a stove with a fireplace and kitchen stove
In wall-mounted models, the fireplace insert is formed on the same side as the stove - this option is not always convenient if dishes are being cooked on the stove, but you want to light a fire open hearth, since when the fireplace is operating it becomes difficult to approach the stove.
Compact fireplace with stove and stove
Projects of brick stoves with stove and fireplace
Heating stoves equipped with a hob and an open or glazed fireplace insert, ideal for cottages and small country houses. Building such a hearth is no more difficult than a standard “Swedish” or “Dutch” one. To help the masters, here are serial diagrams of two interesting models.
Stove-fireplace with stove and oven for the kitchen-living room
This model of heating and cooking stove with an additional fireplace insert is designed to heat a room up to 30 square meters, but the dimensions of the building allow it to fit into a room half the size of the specified area. The design includes a hob with one burner and an oven located in the medium-heat zone. The stove operates in winter and summer modes, warms up quickly and retains heat for a long time.
Projections of a stove with a stove and a fireplace
For construction you need to purchase 720 bricks (including fireclay for lining the firebox), an oven (28*30*52 cm), a cast iron stove (40*42 cm), two grates (18*30 cm). You will also need doors for the firebox and cleaning holes, valves, and steel corners. It is easy to make a mantelpiece from wood, natural or artificial stone. Wooden board protected from the furnace side with asbestos.
Sequence of masonry: 1 – fireplace mantel; 8 – steel corner; 9 – blower door; 10 - combustion door; 13 – frame made of corners; 14 – corner; 15 – steel strip; 16 – grates; 17 – cleaning doors; 18 – grates for the firebox; 19 – corners; 20 – plate.
Order of masonry and installation of elements: 2 – samovar; 4 – steel corner; 5 – valve for winter mode; 6 – summer valve; 7 – fireplace damper; 11 – corners; 12 – oven
Most difficult area in this diagram there is a transition from the firebox to the smoke collector. The thermal efficiency of a fireplace depends on correct form smoke tooth and the location of the hearth in relation to doors and windows. To enhance draft and increase the efficiency of the fireplace insert, the side walls are formed with a slope of 45-55 degrees, and the back wall is slightly beveled. At the top of the fireplace portal, the brick is placed on edge. In front of the fireplace, as well as in front of the main firebox, it is necessary to equip a pre-furnace platform made of steel sheet.
Corner fireplace with stove for a small house
Compact ones fit perfectly into a small country kitchen-living room. corner fireplaces with a hob. In this model, the main heating task is performed by the stove, and the fireplace plays a decorative role and is intended for infrequent use, so high-quality karmic brick can be used for the firebox. In cases where frequent evenings are planned hearth and home, it is advisable to make a lining fireclay bricks. In total, 400 bricks are required for construction.
The smoke collector and fireplace mantel are made of heat-resistant concrete with expanded clay filler. These parts are poured independently, having previously made templates for the formwork. The dimensions shown in the diagram may differ slightly from actual ones in each special case, so they should be compared after building the main part of the furnace.
The procedure for laying a corner fireplace stove
Layout diagram and additional elements stoves with fireplace
Compact metal stoves-fireplaces
For those who cannot afford a bulky installation brick oven or does not want to waste time on its construction and arrangement of a complex chimney, there are compact metal heating devices with fireplace inserts, hobs and ovens. The operating principle of this equipment is based on convection, so there is no need for complex smoke circulation channels, and the smoke exhaust pipe can be removed not only through the roof, but also through a side hole in the wall into a metal or ceramic chimney.
Cast iron heating and cooking stove with stove
Despite the ease of installation, installation cast iron stoves may cause difficulties. If you lack experience and knowledge, it is better to immediately contact a specialist. The same should be done by those who are planning to build a brick oven with their own hands, but have never encountered such work. It's better to gain more experience simple designs, for example on street barbecues and barbecue.
Such original designs, like metal fireplace stoves, are made from metal or copper sheets, from blackened or galvanized sheet.
The sheets are connected by rivets or welding. The shape and design of the sheets themselves, their pattern of joints, rivets and combination of geometric shapes is a separate broad artistic theme for the design of a fireplace.
But the basis architectural design metal fireplaces - after all, the shape of the hoods and methods of attaching them to the ceiling.
Over so many years of existence of fireplaces, including their metal structures, a large number of interesting forms have emerged. You can see hanging chimneys with a conical or pyramidal ending, and hanging bells-caps, and pipes 5-7 m high, which are attached to guy wires, and fireboxes suspended together with caps, etc.
Metal fireplace stove - is it necessary?
Metal light fireplaces and stoves can be found in Japan. An interesting design of such a fireplace: a plane for the fireplace insert is mounted on a special support or stand, a steel cubic cap is connected to a chimney, which extends asymmetrically from the cap. Japanese fireplaces small size and are built against the wall. The chimney pipe is installed at a distance of 60 cm from the wall according to fire safety requirements. The fuel is placed on the floor under the pipe, or it is combined with the firebox. Both the firebox and the floor under it must be lined with refractory bricks.
Of particular interest is a metal round mini-fireplace, which is mounted on a stand with a diameter equal to the diameter of the chimney pipe. The firebox of such a fireplace is very small, but there is enough fire in it to keep the room warm and you can admire it. In Japan you can often see heating stoves, which outwardly resemble ours cast iron stoves small size, but they are made from sheet metal, and have an open fireplace insert.
What can such a fireplace be made from?
But wood-burning metal fireplaces, which are made from various building materials, are still in great demand. For example, lightweight steel the cap harmonizes well with natural stone, With brickwork or with plaster. Appearance metal surface can be completely different - matte black or shiny, smooth or with a corrugated pattern, decorated with embossing, decorative stamps, and so on.
You can often find prefabricated fireplaces, the construction of which uses several materials. It can be brick, concrete, wood and metal. But this is not entirely correct. In any architectural composition, the use of several different materials leads to fragmentation of the composition. A pure architectural idea expressed by a single material is always used in all classic solutions.
It is strictly not recommended to combine different building and decorating materials in small fireplace, which is also installed in small room your house or apartment. In order to get interesting and modern design fireplace, two materials will be enough.
When building a metal fireplace, do not forget about its authenticity - the fireplace should look believable. If on brick wall if a cap that is too large is hung, secured by hidden consoles, then there will be a feeling of unnaturalness of the structure. A very large plane of obviously heavy riveted metal will not look natural on a thin, lightweight wall.
An ordinary metal fireplace will look dark, gloomy and angular without additional design inventions and solutions. But it can be easily turned into a light and elegant fireplace if you line it with light tiles.
Everyone knows that building a real brick fireplace involves financial costs, time, and the services of professional stove makers. But you can tile a light metal fireplace with your own hands.
Buy suitable model fireplace and Construction Materials It won’t be difficult to cover it, and then it’s up to you. Here you will get a double benefit in heating - the heat that the fireplace itself emits will be doubled by the heat from the heated tiles, which will ultimately allow you to get excellent comfortable heating of a cottage with an area of up to 40 m2 with a small thermal power of the device (8-10 kW).
A metal fireplace does not need to be decorated with tiles. Suitable for this regular tiles, and its possibilities in terms of decor diversity are even greater. Tiled cladding consists of two shells: a load-bearing layer made of aerated concrete 50 mm thick (laid on cement glue), and a decorative shell made of tiles.
How and with what to clad a wood-burning fireplace made of metal
The tiles must be fixed to aerated concrete wall on cement adhesive, which gives high bond strength even in the presence of large voids. It is necessary to wet the slabs with water first to slow down the hardening process. adhesive composition. This is necessary so that the glue does not crack if it dries too quickly.
In order to achieve the same size for all seams, special plastic crosses must be inserted between the tiles. Once the glue has hardened, they can be easily removed.
Aerated concrete slabs are butted together at the corners, just like tiles. Aerated concrete is laid using a special aerated concrete adhesive, and the tiles are fixed with adhesive for ceramic tiles. The masonry is completed with cornice tiles on each tier decorative cladding fireplace
At the very top of the masonry there is a chimney. Grate for warm air inserted last, and it appearance and you can choose any shape that suits the design of the fireplace. The seams between the tiles are rubbed with a special decorative putty of the same color. You can use not only a rubber spatula, but also a regular sponge, especially in hard to reach places. Then the entire tile must be wiped with a dry cloth.
Thus, the metal fireplace is made of three tiers. The fireplace itself is installed on a plinth made of aerated concrete, the height of the plinth for a standard fireplace is 210 mm, depth – 450 mm and width – 700 mm.
The fireplace is lined on the sides aerated concrete slabs 250 mm wide. This is the second layer of the sandwich. The top slabs must be attached to the transverse cornice. The third layer of the structure is made narrower and should end at a height of approximately 2 meters. This is only a decorative design, without which, however, the fireplace will look like an unfinished, rough detail of the interior of the room.
The only drawback of such a metal fireplace-stove is that to store firewood you will need to have separate room, and even preparing a supply of wood for the winter will take up your time.
