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How to pour a column with a cross section of 1 m. Installation of concrete columns with your own hands. How to make formwork and the correct shape: column pouring technology. Making concrete columns with your own hands. Formwork made of boards and beams

Columns in the structure of a building perform both a decorative and practical function - they are an important load-bearing element of the building. And since by default it is assumed that the supports will be heavily loaded, then naturally they must be made in maximum compliance with all existing norms and rules.

In this article we will talk about how concrete columns are poured correctly, what is important to take into account and what is absolutely not recommended to do.

Let's start by understanding the classification of these reinforced concrete products and the requirements for them.

Types of products

These designs are divided primarily into the following main categories:

1. Round;
2. Rectangular;
3. Square.

In addition, there are differences in production technology.

Column type:	Characteristics:
1. Prefabricated.	These are structures that are manufactured in factories and then delivered to the site and installed at the required points. The advantage of such reinforced concrete products is that their price is quite attractive, and in addition, a high speed of work on site is guaranteed. Mainly due to the fact that there is no need to wait for the working mixture to dry.
2. Monolithic.	Everything here is clear from the name - these pillars are poured right on the spot, into pre-prepared formwork. The advantage of the technology is that maximum control over the quality of the fill is possible. The disadvantage here is the long production time, because the base, formwork, and frame have to be made of metal. In addition, you will still need to wait until the mixture hardens.

Separately, it is worth considering the classification of ready-made concrete products of this type - all data is provided in the table below.

Type of marking	Decoding
T1	The support is used to fix concrete consoles that are perpendicular to the main columns.
C1	As a rule, such reinforced concrete products are used for the installation of lattice connections.
L1	Designed for installation of staircases that have 3 flights.
L	Made for connecting stairs with two flights.
P	Columns are used where supports for the crossbar are required. Moreover, the product is placed at those points where there is a rotation of the general frame.
SS and C	The first marking means that the support has several edges (2-4), which provide reliable fastening rigidity walls. And the second type of product is made for fastening various panels, which are in contact with the rigid walls.
T	T-columns are used at the ends of building enclosing panels.

Based on these parameters, you need to select ready-made prefabricated columns.

Since installation finished products We won’t consider it, but we’ll talk about the design of monolithic supports in detail; it’s worth understanding the requirements for such supports.

The requirements must be easily predictable; the mass must be plastic and, when frozen, durable.

On the indicator, as well as the characteristics of the fittings used.

In particular, the metal must have the following properties:

1. Good weldability;
2. Low level of probability of corrosion;
3. Fatigue strength;
4. Excellent level of adhesion to the structure of the concrete mass.

And naturally, in order for the production of concrete columns to be successful, it is necessary to take into account all the accompanying factors:

1. Number of storeys of the object, on which the supports are installed;
2. Purpose of the object– after all, the level of future load on the columns directly depends on this;
3. Type of soil at the site;
4. Climatic features of the region where construction is taking place.

Advice: in order to make a truly high-quality reinforced concrete support, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the information contained in GOSTs 23009-78, 18979-90, 25628-90 and 23899-79. In these documents you can find general information O correct production Concrete products and columns in particular.

In principle, we have finished reviewing the products; we can proceed directly to their assembly and pouring.

So, a brief step-by-step instruction for installing supports for buildings.

DIY monolithic supports

Before we begin, it's worth noting one thing important point– we will consider the simplest assembly method, which you can easily implement yourself. When building a private house, for example.

Publish a review on self-filling pillars for the construction of a plant do not make sense, agree. At a minimum, because it will still not be possible to cope with such an object alone - you will have to attract many highly qualified specialists who themselves know how such tasks are performed.

Preparatory work and foundation installation

In principle, the preparation here consists mainly in the fact that you need to free up all the space around the future supports so that you can quickly and efficiently assemble the formwork.

But with the foundation everything is more complicated. At a minimum, because there are situations when a pole needs to be installed on a floor slab or a regular screed - in this case, the foundation is almost always impossible to organize.

This is what they usually do - they make supports with a so-called concrete heel, at the corners of which there are holes for bolts. With these bolts the heel is attached to the horizontal base, due to which the vertical of the post is held.

Note! Filling columns with concrete using this technology automatically implies that the floor slab or floor has a very high level of strength. If, for example, the screed is thin and there is loose soil underneath, then, of course, the support will not stand firmly. Therefore, be sure to take into account all the features of a particular object.

Now let's figure out how to install a support on the foundation.

If it is possible to go deeper into the ground and fill the foundation, then the order of its construction should be something like this:

1. A hole is dug in the ground with sides one meter by one meter wide and also one meter deep (adjusted for the depth of soil freezing).
2. Crushed stone is poured into the bottom, which is then compacted.
3. The walls and bottom of the pit are covered with roofing felt - this will waterproofing layer, due to the presence of which the column foundation will last an order of magnitude longer.
4. On the plane of the roofing material, at the bottom, a horizontal frame of reinforcement is assembled. Vertical metal rods are attached to this frame, which seem to extend upward (above ground level) from the center of the pit.

1. The bottom is filled with concrete. The layer thickness should be approximately 15-20 centimeters.
2. After the mass hardens, formwork is made from galvanized steel in the shape of a cylinder, which is placed on the bottom so that the vertical rods are in its center. The diameter of the cylinder must be equal to the diameter of the future column. Deviation is allowed in big side, but not less.
3. A concrete mixture is poured inside the cylinder, and the entire space between the galvanization and the soil is filled with earth.

As you can see, the end result is a kind of concrete “heel” that does not sag or tilt - it is held back by the weight of the soil around the cylinder.

Please note that the cylindrical formwork is given as an example - if the column is rectangular or square, then the formwork can be made the same. That is, not from flexible materials, and, for example, made of wood.

If the foundation is ready and metal rods protrude vertically from it, then you can begin directly manufacturing concrete columns.

Assembling the metal base and installing the sides

In fact, all the work that is performed before pouring the main amount of the mixture is installation metal frame columns and formwork.

The frame is mounted from thick reinforcement, and the formwork can consist of, for example, the following materials:

• From wooden shields and boards;
• From galvanized sheets;
• Made of plastic, etc.

It is important here that the formwork is as smooth as possible, so that later the plane or shape of the columns does not have to be cut, leveled, or increased with plaster. If it turns out uneven, it won’t bring much trouble, but it will definitely add more fuss with the finishing.

As clear example consider the most difficult option formwork - for supports round shape.

The frame and edging are made something like this:

1. The longest possible reinforcement is tied to the rods that protrude from the foundation with steel wire (also vertically). Everything needs to be done so that the vertical ultimately consists of several parallel rods. In this case, the metal cannot be placed close to each other - there should be a distance of at least 5 centimeters between the lines.

Important! Please also take into account that the reinforcement should be located at approximately the same distance from the center of the future column and from its edges - this directly affects the load-bearing capacity of the product. If this is not done, it will turn out that the central axis is strong and the edges are weak, or vice versa.

1. When the frame of the required height is assembled, the reinforcement is wrapped in sheets of galvanized steel, which are placed on top of each other. Moreover, before installing the upper “cylinder”, spacers are installed inside the lower one, due to which the lines of the metal frame are fixed in one place at the required distance from the edges of the formwork.

In principle, it is allowed not to install all the formwork at once. That is, you can first install one section, fill it, and after the initial setting of the mixture, install the next level.

There is one difficult point here - pouring, as a rule, means that a liquid mixture, which weighs a lot, will be pressed onto the formwork for some time. This means that galvanized sheets can “lead,” which will lead to deformation of the column’s shape. Therefore, try to attach the sheets “conscientiously”.

If the frame is assembled and the formwork is installed, then in it inner space concrete is poured. After it dries, the sides are removed and the support, in fact, is ready for further finishing.

This concludes our review. Now let's summarize.

Conclusion

We have looked in detail at the classification of columns and the ways in which they can be made. In addition, we looked at the sequence and how concrete columns are poured with our own hands. We hope that the information will be useful to you in practice.

Well, if you want to know even more, we sincerely recommend that you watch additional video In this article.

Concrete columns are strong bearing structures, the main task of which is to provide structures with the proper level of vertical rigidity and strength. As a rule, they act as part of a monolithic frame of a structure, supporting ceilings, terraces, balconies, etc. or as a decorative element for decorating the entrance group of the facade and building.

Columns can be metal, prefabricated or monolithic; the appropriate type of element is chosen depending on the required characteristics(Firstly, bearing capacity). The main task of the element is to become a support for various structural elements, ensure their vertical strength and evenly distribute the load, eliminate the risk of deformation and destruction, and in rare cases, decorate the interior.

You can install concrete columns for your home yourself. Subject to compliance with all production and use standards quality materials the element will exactly meet the requirements and characteristics, effectively performing its assigned function.

Purpose of concrete columns

The element takes on and transfers to the foundation the load from higher structural parts. become the support of the floors, connecting the structure between the base and ceiling surface. The pillar supports a variety of terraces, balconies, porches, ceilings, making it possible to implement any design idea and significantly increasing the service life of the entire building.

If we are talking about decorative design, then in this case concreting columns acts as a means of decorating the facade and interior. They are often made with column sills, consoles, capitals, decorated with stucco molding, original patterns, and various types of material processing.

Species and types

The shape of a concrete column can be: round, square, rectangular, which is determined by the cross-section of the support.

According to production technology:

1) Prefabricated concrete columns - produced at the factory, transported to the site, relatively inexpensive, provide quick installation, high speed of drying of the solution.

2) Monolithic columns - poured into molds directly on site. It is possible to control the quality of laying the solution and the flow of the mixture. But the production of such structural elements requires a lot of labor and time, and is quite expensive.

When choosing the type of column, it is very important to consider the type of marking of the finished reinforced concrete product of this type.

Column markings:

• T1 – for fixing concrete consoles installed perpendicular to the main columns.
• C1 – for the installation of lattice connections.
• L1 – for the installation of flights of stairs with three flights.
• L - stairs are connected with two flights.
• P - used in places where it is necessary to create a column under a crossbar (installed where there is a rotation of the general frame).
• SS – support with 2-4 edges for high-quality fastening of the rigid walls.
• C – for fastening various panels, in contact with the rigid walls.
• T – concrete columns at the ends of building enclosing panels.

Features of the construction of monolithic columns

Before starting production reinforced concrete supports, you need to prepare a flat area, take care of tools and materials, mark and calculate everything, then complete all construction work. The requirements for concrete mortar are simple - the mixture must be plastic and strong enough.

Shape and cross-section of concrete columns, diameter metal rods, the grade of concrete depends on the volume of load acting on the element (taking into account the dead weight of the support), the climatic characteristics of the region, the number of storeys of the building, and the purpose of the object.

In the construction of a personal building, square supports are usually installed where it is necessary to take the load of the floors and transfer it to the foundation.

Creating monolithic columns:

• Formwork design
• Installation of a metal frame
• , provision normal conditions to dry it
• Dismantling the formwork after concrete mortar completely dried and gained strength

Preparation of tools and materials

To perform each stage of work on the production of concrete columns with high quality, it is necessary to prepare the following tools and devices: concrete pump, hammer, building level, rectangular corner, wooden spacers, screwdriver, vibrators, concrete mixer, tape measure.

Materials: metal wire, reinforced mesh or metal rods, screws and nails, wide boards, steel rod, anchors, cement, water, lime, sand.

It is delivered to the site in dry form or prepared according to a recipe: part cement, two parts each of gravel, crushed stone, sand, water (in sufficient quantity to obtain a homogeneous plastic mixture).

Installation of formwork

The formwork is constructed on four sides of the support, with the necessary internal dimensions. Boards are suitable for work, moisture resistant plywood. The panels are leveled vertically and secured with screws or struts and wooden spacers. It is advisable to anchor the struts with support blocks in two directions, which will prevent shifting. Use a corner to check the evenness of right angles.

If it is intended to build a high concrete column, the formwork is made and installed on three sides, and the fourth is built up during the process of pouring the solution.

Many manufacturers offer to buy ready-made structures made of plastic, wood, and metal. Metal ones are usually reusable, quickly and easily assembled/disassembled, and guarantee the correct geometry. Wooden ones are made from bars and boards, but only square or rectangular shapes can be made from them. Round shapes are made of plastic. Disposable ones are made from cardboard; their shape can only be cylindrical.

Reinforcement

To install a concrete column, vertical reinforcement with a diameter of 12 millimeters is used. Typically these are four or six rods located at the corners of a square or rectangle. If the height of the reinforcement is more than 3 meters, create decking steps of 2 meters.

The frame is assembled from reinforcement different ways. If a square monolithic concrete column with low weight and volume is created, the frame is assembled in future form formwork by hand using the tilting method. If the weight is large, then the rods are knitted in place, installing the rods separately. The finished structure is mounted using various supports and boards.

The rods in the frame, more than 2 meters long, are fastened together with metal knitting wire in increments of 20-40 centimeters. The capitals should be reinforced with reinforcing mesh.

Concreting

Concrete for pouring is usually made on site, from at least M400 grade cement, gravel, crushed stone, and sand. The solution used to fill the foundation is not suitable for the job, monolithic walls. Good choice concrete with mobility P2 will become (in private construction), but if a densely reinforced column is poured (construction of pillars for the construction of a factory, for example), concrete P4 is used.

There are different recipes, here is another one: part sand, 4 parts gravel or crushed stone, 1 part cement. During the concreting process, it is important to ensure that the frame is motionless and in its place. If necessary, the structure is adjusted and installed strictly vertically.

The concreting itself is carried out layer by layer, the thickness of one layer should be 30-50 centimeters, it is poured until the previous layer has set. 5-7 centimeters of mortar are not added to the top of the formwork.

When pouring concrete, be sure to ensure compaction of the mixture: this can be done with a special vibrator or manually, removing air jams by tapping the formwork with a hammer or bayoneting it into the solution with a metal rod. If the columns are more than 5 meters, technological breaks lasting 40-120 minutes are planned for shrinkage.

Dismantling of formwork

The period for concrete to gain strength is 28 days with optimal temperature conditions, plus or minus, depending on environmental conditions - humidity, proper care. On average, the standing period of columns is up to 10 days in the summer, when the side faces and corners are already formed. Only then can the formwork be dismantled. During the drying process of the concrete (28 days), it is prohibited to carry out any work related to the load on the column and its base or nearby parts of the structure.

How to make concrete columns with your own hands

Given that correct execution all work and compliance regulatory requirements, taking into account various external factors(type of soil, climatic features, height of the object, etc.) and using high-quality materials, it is quite possible to create concrete columns yourself. The main thing is to correctly determine the loads, make calculations in advance and strictly follow them.

Useful video on the topic

I hope this video will be useful to you:

If you have questions, ask in the comments

Monolithic columns are part of a building, vertical load-bearing elements. They lean on the columns balconies, terraces, ceilings. In addition to their main functions, columns are a decorative element that adorns entrance group buildings and facade.

Columns receive and transmit the load from the elements above to the foundation of the building. Reinforced concrete pillars connect the structure and serve as support for the floors.

The architectural term "column" refers directly to the middle part, support pillar . The protrusions at the top of the post for supporting floors or crossbars are called capitals or consoles. Sometimes there is a column support, a glass for attaching to a columnar foundation.

Species and types

Concrete columns are divided by type of section, production method.

According to the type of section they are divided square, round or rectangular form.

Classified according to production method factory-ready elements, supplied to the site with ready-made structures or erected on construction site, monolithic columns.

Features of the construction of monolithic columns

Before work begins, the site is prepared, necessary materials, tools, structures. The site is marked.

Then they move directly to construction:

• assemble formwork;
• install the reinforcement frame;
• pour the concrete mixture;
• carry out concrete maintenance procedures;
• allow time for the mixture to gain strength;
• demoulding structures.

Monolithic reinforced concrete columns calculated at the design stage. The cross-section and shape of the column, the diameter of the reinforcement, and the brand used will depend on the amount of the planned load, including the element’s own weight.

Important! Installation deficiencies and miscalculations lead to the destruction of the structure. If the cross-section is insufficient, longitudinal bending deformation occurs and the column bends under load.

Preparation of tools and materials

The need for materials and tools is determined at the stage of preparation for work. Tools you will need:

• metal square, level for checking the verticality and horizontality of surfaces;
• steel rod, will help release air;
• screwdriver for fastening formwork;
• vibrator compacts the mixture;
• prefabricated formwork from shields, supports.

The concrete mixture is delivered to the construction site in finished form or mixed immediately before laying using a concrete mixer. To prepare, take one part of cement, add two parts of sand, mix with two parts of crushed stone and two parts of gravel. By mixing the dry mixture with water, plastic concrete of a uniform consistency is achieved.

Except concrete mixture The following materials are needed:

• nails, self-tapping screws for fastening formwork;
• reinforcing bars of design cross-section and length;
• steel wire;

Installation of formwork

The formwork is installed in the design position. The shields are aligned vertically and strengthened with the help of struts, wooden struts. The struts are anchored using support blocks in two directions to prevent shifting.

When concreting a tall column, the formwork installation process is somewhat different from the usual one. Three sides of the form are mounted, and the fourth side is closed as the formwork is filled with concrete.

Reinforcement

By tying the rods together, you get rigid volumetric frame to strengthen concrete. The number of longitudinal rods in the frame is 4-6 pcs. For square section Four rods at the corners of the element are enough to rectangular shape the long side is further reinforced. Cross-linking of reinforcement is used when constructing columns up to 2 meters long.

A frame exceeding a length of 2 m is tied with short rods across, in increments of 20-50 cm, taken in the calculation according to the planned load.

The capitals are reinforced with reinforcing mesh.

The thickness of the mesh rod is 15 mm, the cell size is 10 x 10 cm.

Reinforcement of the column is carried out by laying a mesh in each step; the dimensions and number of meshes are taken from the project.

Concreting

After installing the formwork and reinforcement cage, concreting begins, which produced in layers, in layers 0.3-0.5 m thick, preventing the previous layer from setting. Do not add 50-70 mm of mortar to the top of the formwork.

To shrink concrete in columns above 5 meters, arrange technological breaks from 40 minutes to 2 hours.

When feeding ready-mixed concrete by mechanization, the feed speed is reduced to avoid segregation. Air is released from the mixture with steel rods, concrete compacted with manual vibrators. In places inaccessible to the vibrator, the concrete is compacted manually by careful bayoneting.

Upon completion of work, they produce seasonal care behind the concrete.

Dismantling of formwork

Time required for concrete to reach 100% working strength is 28 calendar days. The indicator may vary depending on environmental conditions - temperature, humidity, care package. The average standing period for monolithic columns before stripping is 7-10 days. summer period. This period allows the corners and side edges to form.

note

Concrete columns are load-bearing structures that provide buildings with vertical rigidity. The type of column can be monolithic or metal, the choice of which depends on the required load-bearing capacity. The purpose of the columns is to serve as a support for upper floors, balconies, terraces and other building elements. Concrete columns can be made with your own hands; these can be ordinary elements from square pipe or more original beautiful designs, which can add zest appearance buildings.

The column is designed for decorative design buildings, and also serves as a load-bearing element of structures. They are mounted on balconies, terraces, verandas, porches, as supports to support ceilings, for the interior of premises and personal plot. Due to the heavy load on the supports, they are manufactured in compliance with existing standards and regulations as much as possible.

Kinds

Concrete columns have the following types:

• square;
• round;
• rectangular.

When working with a concrete column various types allocate following types production technology:

• Prefabricated supports are structures manufactured in factories that are transported to the work site where they are installed. Prefabricated columns have the following advantages: relatively low price, speed of installation, speed of drying of the solution.
• Monolithic. Pouring into molds is carried out at the construction site. When working with monolithic columns, the following advantages are distinguished: the ability to monitor the quality of laying the concrete solution, the absence of leakage of the mixture. Among the shortcomings observed: for a long time for production, waiting for the mixture to harden in the mold.

Installation Features

You must remember to follow the installation rules.

Square supports are installed at the edges of the corners of buildings and structures, secured with anchors to the ceiling and base of the structure. However, it is worth paying attention that installing a square pipe with your own hands is a labor-intensive and complex process, so experienced builders It is not recommended to install this type of columns yourself. Support structures can be in the form brick wall small area. Supports made of wood or logs are installed on porches or verandas.

When installing a supporting element into a concrete base, steel glasses are first secured with anchors, and then the support is installed and concreted. Great importance In the construction of houses, supporting structures located in the center of the structure play a role. In this case, column supports with a calculated cross-section of metal reinforcement are used, followed by pouring concrete and installing formwork.

Concreting column elements Doing it yourself is an important undertaking that should be carried out responsibly and having a certain amount of knowledge and skills in performing the work. Concreting into forms is carried out continuously, maintaining a horizontal position, which will help avoid the formation of intermediate cold joints and protect the structure from destruction.

Construction stages

The construction of concrete supports consists of the following stages:

• prepare before starting work necessary tools and materials;
• clean the surface from construction debris;
• begin installation of formwork;
• carry out reinforcement work;
• Next, you should pour the concrete solution and, after it dries, dismantle the formwork.

The concrete mixture must have a plastic consistency and be durable after hardening. The strength of the structure is affected by the components of the concrete solution and specifications fittings, which must have the following properties:

• strength;
• ease of welding;
• low possibility of corrosion on the product;
• good adhesion.

Preparation of tools and materials

For quality filling supporting structure concrete solution you will need the following tools, equipment and materials:

• concrete pump;
• rectangular corner;
• hammer;
• building level;
• metal wire;
• wooden spacers;
• reinforced mesh;
• screwdriver;
• nails and screws;
• wide boards;
• vibrators;
• device for mixing concrete mass;
• roulette;
• steel rod;
• anchor;
• water;
• cement;
• sand;
• lime.

Installation of formwork

The formwork is fastened, maintaining the strength and reliability of the structure. The form is installed on four sides of the support using wooden spacers. If the column is high, the formwork is secured on three sides, and the fourth side is expanded when pouring concrete. When installing the form, maintain the evenness of the structure, which is checked building level. The leveled formwork is secured with screws, which hold the concrete mixture inside the product. Next, check the correspondence of the corners with a rectangular corner.

Reinforcement

When installing a column, vertical reinforcements are used, the diameter of which is about 1.2 centimeters or more. The vertical reinforcement consists of four rods, which are located at the corners of a square shape. To facilitate the installation of fittings whose height is more than three meters, decking is installed in increments of two meters.

The support frame is assembled various methods. Having small sizes, the weight and volume of the supporting structure, the frame is mounted in the future formwork form, doing the work with your own hands using the tilting method finished frame. If the reinforcement is heavy, its base is pre-assembled and the rods are tied together at the work site, where individual rods are installed. By posting finished design, use a variety of boards and supports. The reinforcement bars are fastened to each other using metal wire, maintaining a distance of about forty centimeters.

Concreting

When starting to lay the concrete mixture, pay attention to the characteristics of the concrete. This composition has mobility, which plays a big role when concreting columns. Movable concrete is easy to place and does not require compaction with vibrators or concrete pumps during the work process.

Concreting occurs in even layers in a horizontal position. When laying the mixture, it is periodically compacted with metal rods. If necessary, compact the solution. can't do without deep vibrator

. Remove air bubbles from the concrete by tapping the formwork with a hammer. When concreting the columns, the reinforcement frame is periodically aligned in the center. To lay the mortar, choose cement, which is part of concrete grade M400, of which one part is required; also, to prepare the mixture, take two parts of sand and two parts of gravel and crushed stone. Dry ingredients are poured with water in the required volume until a homogeneous thick consistency is obtained. At the end of the process of laying the prepared concrete mixture, they begin to install the reinforcement, which is fixed with anchors. The laid concrete is left to dry in a place with optimal temperature and humidity conditions. The concrete surface is periodically irrigated with water and covered if necessary. plastic film

Dismantling of formwork

to avoid exposure of the mixture to precipitation and direct sunlight. After the concrete solution has hardened and gained its maximum strength characteristics , begin to dismantle the formwork. Removal of formwork is entrusted to qualified workers. Dismantling begins with removing the side parts of the formwork, which do not bear the load on the structure. It is important to dismantle the formwork after ensuring the strength of the concrete that is being installed building codes

and rules.

The strength of the concrete solution is determined in the laboratory by conducting trial tests of samples of the material. Stripping is carried out in a strict sequence, ensuring the safety of structural elements. Conclusion For successful production of concrete columns, it is important to consider

following points : type of soil, height of the construction site, climatic features of the area and purpose of the construction site. By observing the technological sequence of installation and the correct preparation of the concrete solution, you will get a strong and

solid foundation different types formworks that are intended for certain types of construction work. In this article we will look at the features and parameters of installing formwork for columns with detailed step-by-step instructions.

Types of columns

The main purpose of creating formwork is to form a specific shape for columns of the required height and parameters. There are two types of work, the first of which involves the installation of universal columns, and the second the formation of formwork for columns with a fixed section. When carrying out installation, you need to remember about the features of installing additional panels.

Previously, columns were used as decorative element buildings. However, in modern world This type of product is intended as supporting elements for different types of buildings. There are several types of columns that differ in geometric shape:

• round or cylindrical;
• square;
• multifaceted;
• rectangular.

It is worth noting that universal column formwork is carried out for different types of columns and involves the installation of standard panels with special holes under the kingpin, the pitch for which is 5 cm. For a fixed installation scheme, it is necessary to fasten the column using four corner elements and some formwork locks.

Purpose of formwork and product requirements

The formwork of walls and columns is carried out for pouring concrete base under the supporting elements. This is necessary so that the mixture does not spread and, after hardening, has a square or other shape. Without this stage of work, it is almost impossible to install the column. Experts highlight some requirements for formwork:

• compliance with the dimensions of the structure;
• stability and strength of the installed product;
• the formation of a form through which the solution will not flow;
• smooth inner side;
• dismantling is not labor-intensive.

Formwork for columns: disposable, reusable, permanent

The simplest and convenient option carrying out the work is the construction of disposable formwork. This design is made of cardboard, which is wound in a spiral. The formwork product has water-repellent properties, which do not allow the solution to penetrate into the structure of the cardboard. Inside the cardboard column formwork you can put PVC film with thicker walls.

The approximate diameter of such formwork can be from 20 to 115 cm, and maximum length products can be 12 meters. Depending on the parameters of the column, the height of the formwork may vary, as well as the thickness of the walls. For example, in the lower part of the structure the wall thickness may be greater, which is determined by the maximum load of the concrete solution. The technology for carrying out the work is not complicated; for large installation volumes, you can use lifting mechanisms. Only two people may be required to complete the installation.

Another option for constructing column formwork is the construction of a reusable structure. As a rule, the formwork can be used several times to install several columns. The following features of the work are highlighted:

• the need to construct formwork at the construction site;
• pouring concrete mortar into the structure;
• keeping for several days until the concrete dries completely;
• removing the formwork structure and installing it in another place.

When performing such work, it is necessary to remember to comply with the rules for installing the column. When choosing reusable formwork for columns and floors, it is necessary to calculate the height of the product, which should not be higher than the designated forms. When choosing this form of formwork, the filling will no longer be monolithic. Therefore, it is worth carefully familiarizing yourself with the requirements and characteristics of the implementation of this type of formwork while respecting the height of the column.

Reusable formwork is more expensive than disposable formwork, which is determined by the following parameters:

• Necessary costs for storing the structure.
• Transportation of formwork for installation of other types of columns and its care.
• Additional expenses for the use of lifting equipment services.

There are different types of reusable formwork:

• panel structure;
• beam-transom;
• steel formwork;
• plastic construction;

Formwork using panels is intended for square-shaped columns. Shields made of metal must be fastened together using various items fixation. It is important to place laminated plywood in the middle of the boards. Next, the concrete solution is poured after hardening, after which the formwork can be removed and moved to another work site.

A similar type of work is performed with beam-transom column formwork, for which you need to use the following products:

• shields;
• steel crossbars;
• beams.

This type of construction will allow you to create reliable formwork different heights. As a rule, this scheme is used for the construction of round walls, columns, bridges, as well as for the formation of large vertical surfaces. The formwork technology resembles the assembly diagram children's construction set, and all parts are fixed using spacers.

Steel column formwork is intended for square and round shaped products. Main characteristics The design is that after its use it is necessary to clean and lubricate the sections. This type of formwork is heavy, like panel formwork, so for moving it is necessary to use the services of lifting machines.

More affordable and easy option is a plastic formwork for columns. The main disadvantage of the product is considered to be the unreliability of the design, and to carry out the work you will need to seek the help of specialists. It is recommended to work with this type of formwork carefully and with special tools so as not to damage the walls. All elements plastic construction connected to each other using different parts.

There is another type of formwork that is permanent. This type of construction is rarely used, however, this construction scheme is quite popular among builders. All blocks and blanks for formwork assembly are manufactured at special machines. Thus, products with thin walls are created that are quite strong and reliable.

Elements for formwork are made of high-strength concrete. The technology for preparing the solution involves the use of cement, sand and water. A special feature of concrete preparation is the compaction of pores using rolled products. Thus, all liquid is displaced from the solution, which increases the frost resistance and strength of concrete. Formwork products made in this way have increased resistance to changes in temperature and humidity.

Installation of column formwork: features of installation and dismantling

Before considering installation technology for a certain type of formwork, it is necessary to study the standard characteristics of the work. Before installing the formwork on a concrete surface, it is necessary to mark the parameters of the column. As a rule, the column should be installed around a pre-prepared reinforcement frame. It is important to carry out all work using project documentation. The formwork panels must be assembled in an L-shape, which are fixed with nuts and a pin or through a corner, which is determined by the type of column. The second and other tiers of the structure must be assembled using a mobile tower or scaffolding.

If the height of the formwork of round columns is higher than 4.2, then it is important to mount a special crossbar on the column, which will level the structure. The installed column must be checked for vertical position, which is done using braces or tolder. The brace consists of the lower and upper areas of the product, as well as a special connector. The latter must be mounted into a concrete surface, then the upper part is attached to the highest point of fixation of the column, and the lower part to the lower one. Using special tools and the nuts of the column should be aligned and fixed in a vertical position.

The special feature of dismantling the formwork can be done when the concrete is completely dry. First of all, it is necessary to remove the formwork braces, after which the locks from the top are removed and the panels are removed.

It is important to know! If the height of the mounted column is more than three meters, then the concrete solution must be fed through special window. In the next tier it is necessary to remove one of the panels, which forms a window required sizes. Next, the shield is installed in its original place, after which the concrete solution enters through top part column formwork.

Step-by-step instructions for installing panel formwork for columns with your own hands

The installation process must begin by marking the work area. It is important that it coincides with the parameters of the previously erected frame and reinforcement:

2. After this, the formwork is assembled from panels on one side, and it is important to fix all the structural parts using locks.

4. Having determined the thickness of the concrete wall, you need to set next wall formwork using the same technology.

5. It is important to mount the running console at the top of the formwork.

6. After leveling all the walls of the structure, you can begin further work for installing the column and pouring the base.

It is important to know! To correctly install the panels on one side, it is necessary to use crossbars that will allow the formwork to be leveled.

The dismantling method is to carry out the work in the reverse order: first, remove the running consoles and tolder braces. After this, the locks from the upper area of ​​the structure are dismantled, and the formwork panels are removed.

Installation instructions for beam-transom formwork

Beam-transom formwork is a structure that consists of beams and crossbars. All parts are held together using clamps. The main material used in the work is wood, so all work is not labor-intensive. This material has low thermal conductivity, in contrast to aluminum column formwork.

This formwork assembly scheme has many advantages, which is indicated by the reliability, strength and simplicity of the design used. Carrying out the work does not require significant costs, while the formwork is considered universal. Using this type of construction, columns can be concreted different sizes. Also, using the beam-transom formwork scheme, you can erect concrete walls different parameters. To strengthen and form the formwork, it is recommended to use only a screwdriver and a hammer.

Advantages of formwork:

• used for installing columns and walls of different heights and sizes;
• intended for formwork of buildings of various shapes, for example, radius, round and inclined without unnecessary waste;
• allows you to obtain good quality concrete on the surface of the formwork;
• using this type of structure assembly, it will be possible to reduce the number of gaps and ties;
• the formwork can withstand a large load of concrete, up to approximately 10 t/sq. m.

Detailed instructions for assembling beam-transom formwork have the following sequence:

1. We prepare the work site for installing the formwork.

3. Beams for formwork of the required length are laid perpendicularly on the crossbars.

4. These beams must be attached to the crossbar using special clamps.

5. The approximate distance between the beams should be from 20 to 40 cm, which is determined by the design documentation.

It is important to know! When laying the beams, care must be taken to ensure that they do not coincide with the fastening points for the tension screws. Sheets of laminated plywood must be placed on the installed beams, and the joints should be in the middle of the beam. The plywood is fixed to the beams using self-tapping screws, which are screwed in every 35-40 cm. The length of the fastener should be 50 or 60 mm. The area where the self-tapping screws are installed can be puttied, which will extend the shelf life of the plywood for further use.

Exist different variants Installation of formwork, however, not all work can be done with your own hands. The installation technology for each type of structure is determined by the height and cross-section of the columns. To better study the scheme of formwork work, we recommend watching the video presented at the end of the article.