How to make a house from sawdust concrete. Construction of monolithic walls made of sawdust concrete. Construction of foundations and buildings
Sawdust concrete used in the construction of houses is usually called a type of wood concrete. The building material was created quite a long time ago, but real popularity has only come to it now. Sawdust concrete is a type of wood concrete, a building material made from sawdust and shaving residues, cement, chalk, sand, clay, etc. Sawdust concrete was first used more than half a century ago, but it became truly popular against the backdrop of the construction boom of the 2000s. The material is especially widely used in construction country houses and utility rooms.
The peculiarity of sawdust concrete is that anyone can work with it. Even people without serious construction experience. Working with the material does not require special knowledge, skills, or application complex instruments and equipment.
Sawdust concrete has many advantages, but the main one is the highest level of heat capacity. Having built outer wall 300 mm thick, you can be sure that the house will be warm. However, experts still recommend using a profile with a thickness of 400-500 mm.
Sawdust concrete is a fairly durable material with good resistance to mechanical stress. The strength of sawdust concrete allows the construction of buildings with a height of 2 and even 3 floors.
When building houses, two main methods are used:
- production of sawdust concrete blocks and construction of a building using the block method;
- application of monolithic construction techniques using different types of formwork.
Both methods involve preparing a concrete-sawdust mixture using the same technology.
Video instructions: how to prepare sawdust concrete?
Another huge advantage of sawdust concrete is the ease of preparation of the parent composition. Both a summer resident and a novice builder can make the mixture. The main thing is to have a sufficient amount of raw materials and equipment for effective mixing of the composition. To prepare the mixture you will need:
- metal, plastic or wooden container large volume (it is in it that the solution will be mixed);
- a mixer for construction or a hammer drill with an attachment designed for effective mixing;
- mixture ingredients: cement, sand, sawdust, chalk, water, lime, etc.
A construction concrete mixer will be an excellent assistant in preparing the solution. To determine the correct proportions of the mixture, you can use construction scales, or you can get by with a table that approximately determines the amount of ingredients needed:
- Sawdust concrete grade M5 with a density of 500 kg/m³: for 80 buckets of sawdust, 4.5 buckets of M400 cement, 3 buckets of sand, 14 buckets of clay or lime.
- Brand M10 650 kg/m³: 80; 9.5; 12; 10.5.
- Brand M15 800 kg/m³: 80; 13.5; 21; 7.
- Brand M20 950 kg/m³: 80; 18; thirty; 35.
Please note: in the above table, the amount of sawdust is unchanged, but the amount of other components construction mixture depends on the brand of sawdust concrete. In turn, the brand is determined by the density of the material.
Its density depends on the density of sawdust concrete construction qualities. For example, M5 sawdust concrete is an excellent heat insulator, but its strength is low. To build walls, higher grades of material are required, with a much higher cement content. Based on the table, you can calculate the approximate amount of ingredients per 1 cubic meter of sawdust concrete.
The production of concrete-sawdust mixture requires adherence to a certain technology. First, you need to prepare two solutions in two containers:
- dry mixture: sawdust, cement, sand; mix all components thoroughly;
- Dilute clay and lime in water.
At this stage, you can do without a concrete mixer by mixing the mixture ingredients with a shovel. However, you will have to try, because the mass must be homogeneous and plastic. A high-quality mixture is quite dense, it does not spread, but at the same time, when compressed, it does not fall apart into pieces. To achieve optimal density and strength, you can add table salt, calcium nitrate, or some liquid glass. By the way, these ingredients will increase resistance finished material exposure to fungus and mold. For block sawdust concrete, the same proportions are used as for monolithic concrete.
Which is better: monolith or blocks?
The plastic solution fits well, so it can be used to create walls from fragment blocks, and for an all-concrete structure. But which way is better? When choosing construction technology it is necessary to take into account a variety of factors, because each has both pros and cons.
First of all, let's look at the aesthetic side. Buildings made of blocks look much more interesting than monolithic ones. The fact is that the monolith requires movement of the formwork and it will not be possible to create absolutely even horizontal lines. The blocks can be stacked evenly and beautiful walls. The only exception is permanent formwork made of polystyrene foam. The use of such formwork is the key to building a beautiful house.
In addition, sawdust concrete blocks are more convenient to install. The builder simply assembles them like a constructor. Manufacturing monolithic design– a complex technological process that requires certain skills and knowledge.
The disadvantage of blocks is the complexity and duration of their creation. It takes much longer to create sawdust concrete blocks than when making blocks from concrete or slag. Unlike other building materials, sawdust concrete takes months to achieve the required strength. The standard drying time for blocks is 3.5 months.
If you decide to build a building from sawdust concrete blocks of your own making, the building material will have to be prepared in advance.
The voids will provide additional thermal insulation to the blocks. In addition, this will reduce the amount of material spent on the manufacture of each specific block.
IN monolithic construction the use of sawdust concrete has one serious problem: the formwork will have to be constantly moved, since the mass hardens quite quickly and after that its movement becomes problematic.
The key disadvantage of both block and monolithic methods of construction from oplikobeton is that the material is hygroscopic, it strongly absorbs water. The outer walls will have to be carefully finished, completely protecting the sawdust concrete base from moisture. During construction, blocks or mortar for the monolith must be kept under an awning, protected from rain.
People's Builder Andryukha: House made of sawdust concrete
Construction features and pitfalls
Sawdust concrete is a rather specific material, so when building a house from it, you must follow certain rules and act in full accordance with the recommendations experienced builders. Even a slight deviation from the recipe or violation of the features construction work may reduce the quality of the final structure.
On forums on the Internet you can often find discussions about whether sawdust concrete can be used to build a foundation. The answer is clear: of course not! The base is made of concrete, stone, brick. There are also metal pile foundations.
IN general outline, building a house from sawdust concrete has the following features:
- The foundation must be raised above the ground in such a way that water contained in the soil does not reach the walls of the building; Foundation waterproofing should be carried out responsibly.
- A prerequisite for construction quality home sawdust concrete is used to reinforce corners; It wouldn’t hurt to reinforce the walls as well. The best option It is considered the installation of protective “casings” made of concrete or wood in the corner parts of the house.
- The openings of doors and windows must not be left open: they must be enclosed in a reinforcement frame, with lintels placed on top.
- If external walls are erected using a frameless method, an upper frame in the form of a monolithic concrete belt with the addition of metal reinforcement is required. The belt will relieve the roof load on the sawdust concrete structure. If a frame construction method is used, then sawdust concrete acts as a filler between the posts. In this case, it is necessary to construct a harness from timber.
- The roof of the house made of sawdust concrete also has its own characteristics. The overhangs should be wide: this is necessary to protect the walls from moisture. It is very important to build a thoughtful drainage system with water flowing into a reliable drainage or storm drain. Water should not be allowed to collect under the walls of the house.
- Sawdust-based concrete structures require strong external protection. The hygroscopicity of building materials can cause serious problems, so the top coating must be continuous and completely waterproof.
Watch the video: how to rearrange the formwork. A house looms!
Pros and cons of sawdust concrete
Sawdust concrete is a rather unusual building material with many advantages. However, it also has disadvantages, and they are no less than the advantages. Everyone has to decide what is more important independently and taking into account the specific construction situation.
First, let's talk about the advantages. The key advantage of the material is its low cost. A wall made of sawdust concrete will cost much less than one made of brick or cinder blocks. Laying sawdust concrete blocks is as simple as laying other piece building materials.
Another serious advantage of sawdust concrete is the ability to use it not only for the construction of block walls, but also for the construction of monoliths. A house made of this material in its microclimate is close to wooden log house– he is, as they say, breathing. In the summer, it is cool in a house made of sawdust concrete, and warm in the cold of winter. Sawdust “delays” sounds, providing excellent sound insulation.
As for the disadvantages, the main and most serious is the increased hygroscopicity of the material. Sawdust easily absorbs water, so the walls will have to be insulated. The material is not distinguished by its high strength: the maximum number of floors in houses made of sawdust concrete is 3. The durability of the walls also leaves much to be desired, especially in comparison with walls made of brick, concrete, and cinder blocks. Strong hygroscopicity leads to the need for complex and quite expensive finishing, which is also a big disadvantage.
When working with sawdust concrete, certain points must be taken into account, and even a slight deviation from the technology will lead to operational problems.
Sawdust concrete belongs to the category universal materials. The initial consistency is quite liquid, so it can be used to form blocks of any shape or construct monoliths. This versatility allows builders to save a lot of money.
Watch the video online: block test
Cost of construction from sawdust concrete
Sawdust concrete is sometimes called “ wooden stone" Of all the available building materials, it is the cheapest and most accessible. So, blocks for a wall measuring 390x190x188 mm will cost about 230 rubles. One sawdust concrete stone replaces 7 bricks (the cost of each brick is about 6 rubles).
To build a box of a house 8x8 m, you will need 20 thousand bricks: this is about 120 thousand rubles. In addition, you will have to purchase cement for 30-40 thousand rubles. A similar building made of sawdust concrete will cost about 100-120 thousand rubles. excluding cement. The savings are significant.
Watch the video: materials costs
Construction of a monolithic house
Monolithic construction is convenient and fast. IN Lately this technology is used extremely widely. Sawdust concrete is also used in monolithic construction. Before erecting a building, it is necessary to carefully waterproof the foundation with two layers of roofing felt.
If the foundation is low, it must be raised with brickwork. After this, formwork made of wood, plywood, metal sheets. The height of the formwork panels is approximately 60 cm.
Simultaneously with pouring the first layers of sawdust concrete, wooden or metal posts the height of the entire proposed wall are driven into the ground on both sides of the foundation. The columns are connected with bars and tied together with wire. Once the pouring is complete, the stakes cannot be removed; they will be needed to secure the panels when reinstalling the formwork. In addition, with the help of these stakes it will be possible to secure the sheathing during facing work.
The sawdust concrete mixture is poured in layers no more than 15 cm thick. Each layer is compacted special device. In one construction day, you can pour no more than 30 cm of material, that is, no more than 2 approaches. After this there is a week break. Every 40 cm of wall height is reinforced longitudinally. Chain-link mesh or wooden slats. A “belt” of timber or brick is mounted on the finished cast structure. The “belt” serves as a support for the roof.
Moisture protection of walls is of great importance. The builder will have to cladding the facade with high quality. made with wide overhangs. However, the costs of building a house made of sawdust concrete will pleasantly surprise you: they are significantly lower than with traditional construction. Construction, unlike brick and concrete structures, does not require additional insulation: 40-centimeter masonry can easily withstand 35-degree frosts.
Watch the video: how to assemble a formwork frame for pouring sawdust concrete
Building a house from blocks
If a house made of sawdust concrete blocks is built in accordance with all GOST rules, it will have excellent heat and sound protection. The material contains many air bubbles that retain heat, allow air to pass through, and regulate humidity. In terms of their technical indicators, houses made of sawdust concrete are close to houses made of timber or logs.
Construction falls into the budget category (we talked about material prices above). You can make blocks yourself, but it is better, of course, to purchase ready-made ones. Sawdust concrete different brands Sold in all construction stores.
If you choose to make blocks yourself, the material must be prepared for work in advance. The basis of this preparation is drying. Drying sawdust concrete takes a long time and carefully.
Blocks are used in private construction various sizes. The walls are light, thermally insulated and quite durable. If all technologies are followed, a sawdust concrete structure will last for many decades.
Despite the fact that the blocks are similar in structure to bricks and do not seem hygroscopic, it is necessary to take into account: the material is afraid of moisture. The walls must be plastered. These works are carried out after the final shrinkage of the house, that is, 7-8 months after completion of construction.
If you decide to build a bathhouse from sawdust concrete, the walls need to be waterproofed especially carefully, paying maximum attention to the corners and joints.
Cost of materials for sawdust concrete
The most important advantage of a house made of wood concrete (sawdust concrete) is considered to be the low cost and simplicity of its construction - this is an excellent alternative to expensive modern building materials. Such buildings were developed back in the last century, and their main purpose was to dispose of waste from the woodworking industry. Today, more successful uses have been found for sawdust, and houses made of wood concrete have remained practically unclaimed. But this does not mean that they have sunk into oblivion. Their destiny is modern world These are dachas and, with rare exceptions, residential private houses. In vain, of course, since the material is very good - if not as basic load-bearing walls, then, at least, it can be used as insulation with great success. We will talk about it in this article, in which, together with the website, we will deal with the question of how to build a house from sawdust concrete? We will study the features of this material, its manufacturing technology and the nuances of construction.
Construction of a house from sawdust concrete photo
House made of sawdust concrete: its advantages and disadvantages
There are quite a lot of advantages that a house made of sawdust concrete has, as well as, in general, disadvantages. With this material, an interesting picture emerges - all the advantages are completely covered by the disadvantages and vice versa. It's hard to say whether he's good or not - judge for yourself. The advantages of this material include the following points.
In principle, smaller, almost insignificant advantages can be listed further, but there is no particular point in this - I think the essence of this material is already clear. Let’s take a closer look at the shortcomings. These include the following structural qualities.
- The high hygroscopicity of this material means that it is not only quickly, but simply instantly saturated with water during rain. It is possible to fight this, but, again, this will increase the cost of construction.
- If you compare with and even with or, then its low strength will become clear - such a structure will not withstand heavy loads, so it is already possible to talk about the construction of a second floor with a stretch and some changes in the project.
- It is fragility, although it depends on what you compare it with - it clearly outperforms frame buildings, but it will be far from brick or other block and monolithic buildings.
- There are a lot of nuances during construction. This point, of course, is difficult to classify as a disadvantage, but failure to comply with at least one of them will entail, to put it mildly, trouble.
- Mandatory finishing of external walls is required waterproofing material- at least a layer of at least 20mm. In short, a fur coat.
Now judge for yourself the pros and cons of a house made of sawdust concrete - whichever outweighs, that's what you'll get. The main thing is not to lose sight of the fact that good house- This is a structure that can stand for at least a century.
How to build a house from sawdust concrete: two construction technologies
Wood concrete in its initial consistency is a very fluid mass that can be sculpted in any way you like - with equal success you can cast small blocks from it and then build walls from them, or, having installed the formwork, cast it, as they say, in one fell swoop, saving yourself time and money. Let's take a closer look at the features, or rather the advantages and disadvantages of one and the other construction technology, comparing them with each other.
All other construction nuances for these two technologies are identical, and if it is possible to purchase ready-made sawdust concrete in blocks, then it is better to do so.
Poured house made of sawdust concrete: how to prepare the solution
As is the case with ordinary concrete, its analogue made from sawdust can have different densities, and therefore there are differences between different mixtures by brand. According to construction standards, sawdust concrete can have a density of 500, 650, 800 and 950 kg/m³. What does the density of this material affect? Naturally, on the ability of the walls to withstand loads - in simple terms, on the ability of the walls long time withstand the weight of or the second floor of the building. In any case, for building a house it is better to choose sawdust concrete with maximum strength, even if you do not plan to build a second floor and equip it with a roof metal frame. Just in case, we present the proportions of all four grades of sawdust concrete.
Now, as for the actual technology for preparing sawdust concrete, there are some subtleties here. It will be wrong to mix everything at once, since the resulting solution will be of poor quality. First you need to prepare two different composition: one of them is dry mixed sawdust, sand and cement, and the second is water with clay and lime dissolved in it. After all this is ready, the resulting two components are mixed together. Mixing is a long process - each sliver must be thoroughly coated with the solution. The result should be a composition that, when squeezed by hand, will not fall apart. The solution should not be liquid and flow along the bottom - its consistency should resemble a semi-dry plastic mass.
House made of monolithic sawdust concrete: details of construction
As mentioned above, building a house from sawdust concrete is associated with a large number of nuances, which are very important to observe - they are the ones that affect the performance characteristics of the finished structure and the durability of the building. Let's look at them in more detail.
In principle, this is all, and to complete the topic of how to build a house from sawdust concrete, there is not much left to add. In particular, about additional precautions that, in principle, are used during the construction of any house - this is the roof drainage system. You can also add a few words about the thickness of the external walls - sawdust concrete perfectly retains heat in the house even with its thickness of 400 mm. Ideally, you can do more, increasing the thickness of the walls to at least 500mm.
So, in this article we are building a house from sawdust concrete - the features of this material will be discussed in sufficient detail and installation instructions will be covered in detail.
Let's start with an overview of the key issues.
What is sawdust concrete and is it worth making a house out of it?
In fact, sawdust concrete (aka wood concrete) is not a new material - it was invented during the Soviet Union, but has not yet been used very widely.
Essentially, this concrete consists of cement, sand, lime and sawdust. It comes in the form of ready-made blocks and in the form of a mixture.
The more sawdust there is in the composition of such concrete, the better its thermal insulation qualities. However, if there is a lot of sawdust and not enough sand, then the overall strength of the material decreases - this should always be remembered.
This material is used for the following purposes:
- for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions in low-rise construction;
Please note that due to its not very high compressive strength, it is not recommended to use sawdust concrete for the construction of buildings whose height exceeds one floor.
But if you are building a cottage, and you really want to use the material, then it’s better to “cheat” a little - build the first floor from strong stone, and the second from sawdust concrete.
- for the construction of fences and gazebos;
- For ;
- for insulation of foundations and floors.
As for the specific properties of sawdust concrete, there is definitely something to think about.
| Advantages: | Flaws: |
| 1. Regarding low price material. | 1. Not very high. And if it is increased by reducing the amount of sawdust and increasing the proportion of sand, then the thermal insulation benefits are lost. |
| 2. High thermal insulation qualities. A wall made of sawdust concrete is equal in its heat-shielding characteristics to a one-meter thick wall made of brick. | 2. Fragility of blocks. The material is unlikely to withstand strong mechanical shocks - it will simply crack. |
| 3. The material is easy to work with due to its light weight. And the finished blocks can be sawed with a regular hacksaw. | 3. High level absorption of moisture. But this is easy to fix - just don’t leave sawdust concrete without an additional protective layer of plaster or putty. |
| 4. Raw materials for making concrete yourself are not difficult to obtain - sawdust is not a scarce or expensive commodity, you must agree. | 4. It is difficult to make a mixture with the correct proportion of all components on your own. That is, in order to achieve optimal strength of sawdust concrete and normal thermal insulation qualities, you need to know exactly how much to add to the solution. |
| 5. High sanitary and hygienic qualities, due to the presence of lime and sawdust in the solution. | |
| 6. Fire resistance. Wood inside the cement-sand mortar is not flammable. | |
| 7. Sawdust concrete has a relatively low weight, which allows you to economical option foundation. | |
| 8. The material has excellent vapor permeability. That is, simply put, the walls of such a house will “breathe”, and thanks to this, the room will always have a comfortable microclimate. |
As you can see, there are many more advantages than disadvantages. So the conclusion here is very simple - it is quite possible to build from the material small houses. By the way, it is quite possible to build a bathhouse made of sawdust concrete with your own hands from such a mixture, and it will be cheap to build, and the heat inside will be retained perfectly.
Now let's look at another popular question.
What is better to use: blocks or monolith
Of course, each technology has its own distinctive features, which are as follows:
| Block house: | Monolithic: |
| 1. The good thing is that you can build gradually, slowly - so to speak, when you have time. | 1. It is better to fill the monolith as quickly as possible, so that the joints of the mixture poured into different time did not turn out to be fragile. |
| 2. Any wall configuration is possible. In this case, no formwork is needed. | 2. It is quite difficult to create a complex wall line configuration - you will have to tinker with the formwork. But the formwork for an ordinary rectangular perimeter can be installed in a matter of hours. |
| 3. Blocks can be stored for a long time. | 3. If the start of construction is far away, then it is better not to buy components for the concrete mixture in advance. Cement can turn into strong large blocks when exposed to moisture, and sawdust can rot. |
| 4. Building walls from blocks is not a very fast task. Because it will not be possible to lay a lot of stone at once - you must wait until the mortar in the seams of the previous rows dries. | 4. Pouring the mixture into the formwork can be done literally in one day. Everything here, in fact, depends only on the speed of preparation of the solution. |
In principle, it turns out that each method is good in its own way. However seasoned craftsmen It is recommended (if possible, of course) to still use the option of filling the walls. At a minimum, because there will be no seams between the masonry, which will significantly increase the thermal insulation qualities of the house.
Please note that, in general, blocks can be used without heat loss in the end. Only these walls will then have to be additionally insulated.
And it is very advisable to do this mineral wool– if you use expanded polystyrene, then you lose one of the main advantages of sawdust concrete – vapor permeability.
So, as clear example we build from sawdust concrete monolithic house.
House made of monolithic sawdust concrete
It is worth noting that we will consider the shortest and most simple diagram works, but it is not universal! In your specific situation, there may be a lot of nuances that will require you to do something completely differently than in the instructions published below.
Remember this.
We will not describe the structure of the foundation, because there are many types of this structure and which one you should use is a topic for a separate discussion.
Let's assume that in our case this is the most common option - a strip base and we will only analyze how to fill the walls with sawdust concrete.
Installation of formwork and installation of a frame made of reinforcement
Walls, in fact, are made very simply - exactly the same as from any other concrete.
A frame made of reinforcement is mounted, formwork panels are installed on both sides of it, and all free space is filled with concrete.
Important!
Try to foresee in advance where there should be holes in the walls for pipes, niches for windows, etc.
If you don’t do this, then later you will have to get acquainted with such work as cutting reinforced concrete with diamond wheels.
Everything is done approximately in this order (let’s look at the example of assembling one wall):
- The reinforcement bars are cut to the required length.
- If metal has not been released vertically from the foundation in advance, then you need to drill holes in the concrete and hammer reinforcement bars into them vertically (to the height of the future wall). The distance between them should be approximately half a meter. If the foundation is very strong and holes cannot be made, then pay attention to such a service as diamond drilling holes in concrete - in theory, using professional tool everything can be drilled.
- If the reinforcement is installed vertically, then you need to attach transverse horizontal rods to it. So that you get a kind of grid with a cell size of approximately 50 by 50 cm.
If everything is done, then you can begin assembling the formwork. This is done very simply.
On both sides of the previously installed vertical frame made of reinforcement, you need to install (on the edge) wood sheets, plywood, for example. To keep the formwork vertical and not fall, it is usually supported by triangular posts made of timber.
After this, they begin directly to concrete work.
Pouring sawdust concrete
This is exactly the simplest stage.
The mixture is prepared (or delivered on a mixer) and the entire mass is poured into the space between the sheets.
It is very important to prevent the formation of voids. Therefore, you need to try to compact the entire poured mixture very carefully - this can be done even with an ordinary hoe.
In addition, if the pouring does not happen “at once,” then remember one rule: the “joining” of hardened concrete and fresh concrete cannot be done vertically. It is better to lay the mixture in horizontal rows - this will make the walls more durable.
In principle, if the walls are poured, then after the mortar has dried and the formwork has been removed, you can begin installing the roof. It is done in the same way as on any other house.
That's all. Let's summarize.
Conclusion
We briefly figured out what scheme is used to build a monolithic house made of sawdust concrete and what this material is. We hope that general principle You now understand the technology and you will be able to apply the acquired knowledge in practice. Well, if you want to get acquainted with additional information on this topic, then be sure to also watch the video in this article.
Modern building materials have a wide range of choices. It's quite easy to build a house out of them. But not everyone takes into account that an alternative to standard stone or . You can use sawdust in the construction of a structure and build a house from sawdust concrete.
Project of a three-story sawdust concrete house
“House of sawdust” is a figurative concept. A modern building material called sawdust concrete is made from this raw material. In addition, sawdust is used:
- For ;
- for insulation of the entire building;
- for insulation and other things.
If previously they were simply considered waste carpentry production, then now they have begun to be effectively used in different areas construction.
What is sawdust concrete
This is a material that can be factory produced. Although this is in rare cases. Most often it is made by hand. Especially if you have everything you need.
Sawdust concrete belongs to the category. In terms of its technical and quality characteristics, it is not inferior to natural wood. It is safe to say that it is environmentally friendly and has a number of advantages.
Table with data about components sawdust concrete Raw materials for the production of sawdust concrete
In addition to sawdust, the material includes:
- lime;
- cement;
- sand;
- water.
Sometimes craftsmen improve this composition by adding clay to it. Because of this, the strength and thermal conductivity of houses built from sawdust concrete increases.
The density of the material depends on the amount of sand, cement and sawdust used. Sand plays a significant role. The more of it, the denser the structure of sawdust concrete. If it is less, the house increases its thermal conductivity.
Important. Sand can affect strength. In combination with lime and concrete, it has excellent quality indicators.
It is worth considering that a certain amount of raw materials can ensure the frost resistance and water resistance of sawdust concrete. At the same time, the reinforcing masonry is also protected, which, under the influence of moisture, undergoes corrosion and destroys its structure.
This is what a sawdust concrete block looks like When producing sawdust concrete for construction, the following are taken into account: specifications houses:
- thickness of the walls of the future house;
- number of load-bearing walls;
- number of interior partitions;
- number of floors of the cottage.
Read also
Projects of houses made of chopped logs
And you can build more than just a house from this material. Quite often, utility buildings, garages, fences, etc. are erected from it.
Sawdust concrete grades
Today, depending on the density of the structure, there are several brands:
The first two types are used for building houses small size, their reconstruction, insulation basements and other things. The structure density is not too high.
More suitable for this work are the M15 and M20 grades.
How to make sawdust concrete with your own hands
Initially, the so-called dough is mixed from:
It is best to carry out the mixing process in a concrete mixer. Gradually add all ingredients. The consistency of the mass should be homogeneous. This will have a beneficial effect on the structure of houses, since the surface of the material will be smooth.
After this, the solution is poured into pre-made wooden molds of any size, lined with linoleum or special polyethylene tape. It will dry quite quickly. But for the material to get stronger, it will take more than 3 months. The finished sawdust concrete blocks are laid out under a canopy on the street. Moisture will come out of it gradually, which avoids the appearance of internal deformations.
Note. A house made of sawdust concrete, which has acquired natural strength, will be of higher quality.
Project two-story house built from sawdust concrete Advantages of sawdust concrete and its disadvantages
We can say with confidence that building houses from this material is not particularly difficult. The blocks have quite big sizes. The material is environmentally friendly.
There is no need to additionally insulate the house, since sawdust concrete itself is considered insulation.
Note. The material is capable of qualitatively retaining the same amount of heat with a wall thickness of 30 cm as brickwork 1 meter wide.
It is worth noting that a house made of sawdust concrete will not have a large mass. Because of this, the load on the foundation is insignificant. Accordingly, the costs of its construction will decrease.
He has long term operation. Wood and concrete can last for 50-100 years. Especially if they are combined with other components.
It is almost impossible to break it, only with the use of special equipment. For this reason, the house turns out to be quite durable. The structure is not subject to deformation and can freely “work” in bending.
Important. Despite the fact that the material consists almost of sawdust, it is not able to react to fire. The reason for this is believed to be cement.
Sawdust concrete does not rot, and insects will never live in it. This means that the house will last forever even without additional cladding.
DIY sawdust concrete houses
The desire to improve living conditions and arrange life comfortably encourages representatives of the construction industry to seek raw materials with which to create inexpensive materials, used in the construction of buildings. One of these materials is sawdust concrete - a composite based on wood chips. You can build a house from sawdust concrete yourself with minimal construction skills.
We build a house from sawdust concrete
Before choosing sawdust concrete as a material for constructing a building, you need to understand what properties it has. Sawdust concrete is a cheap building material. It has increased heat-insulating and sound-absorbing characteristics. But its shortcomings require deep thought when choosing a composite as a material for building a house from sawdust concrete with your own hands.
The special components of the product and its characteristics give it a lot of advantages in the eyes of consumers
The main disadvantages include:
- Low moisture resistance of the material, requiring additional processing.
- Unpresentable appearance, requiring decoration.
- Short service life due to reduced strength.
Given the disadvantages, the use of sawdust concrete is limited to the construction of small buildings. Main Application – country houses, auxiliary buildings that do not require high strength load-bearing walls. At a density of 300–700 kg/m³ it is used as insulation. When the density increases to 700–1200 kg/m³, it is used in the construction of load-bearing walls with subsequent moisture-proof treatment.
Construction options
The chip-based material is quite plastic.
In this regard, you can build a house from sawdust concrete with your own hands in the following ways:
- form blocks from the finished solution, then working with them as with any concrete blocks;
- carry out construction activities using formwork pouring.
Each of the building construction methods is relevant. If you need to build a structure quickly, then it is better to use the formwork method, since self-made blocks will gain strength for at least four months. You can use ready-made blocks, but you need to be sure of the integrity of the manufacturer and the use of environmentally friendly raw materials in production. The poured method ensures quick construction of walls, but is labor-intensive to arrange smooth formwork.
These products for the construction of buildings can be easily made with your own hands, and the strength will be high
The use of ready-made blocks simplifies the masonry process and does not require large labor costs for the production and rearrangement of formwork. In addition, blocks that have reached operational strength are less susceptible to shrinkage than a monolithic structure.
Block house construction technology
The construction of buildings from sawdust-based material begins with the manufacture of blocks.
Technological process involves the use of the following components:
- sawdust;
- sand;
- cement;
- lime;
- water.
To increase the strength and thermal conductivity characteristics, the solution is saturated with clay (optional). The sand content determines the density. As the amount of sand increases, the density increases.
Having prepared necessary ingredients, start making:
- Mix the ingredients until smooth. Add ingredients gradually. This will ensure even distribution of ingredients. It is better to mix the solution with a concrete mixer, since it is difficult to achieve uniformity of the composition by manual mixing with different structures of the components.
You can build houses from sawdust concrete using two technologies - from blocks or from monolithic material
- Place pre-prepared forms on the molding surface the right size. Most common with self-production blocks of wooden forms due to the availability of raw materials. Industrial technology involves the use of reusable plastic forms.
- Upholster the molds with a smooth material that does not have high roughness ( plastic film, linoleum). This will help you remove the blocks without difficulty at the end of the process.
- Pour in the prepared solution. Fill slowly, with gentle shaking to ensure uniform filling of the volume without the formation of voids.
- After the solution has set, place the product under a canopy and leave it in the open air until completely dry. The process of achieving the required strength is lengthy, takes 3-4 months - determined by the weather conditions of the region. The gradual evaporation of moisture avoids the formation of internal defects.
While the blocks are resting and gaining strength, start arranging the foundation for the planned building.
Foundation
For buildings of low mass, including structures made of sawdust concrete blocks, several types of foundation are suitable.
Due to the low weight of this product, it is possible to install a shallow foundation
Depending on the desires and financial capabilities of the developer, you can equip the following types foundation:
- shallow strip or slab foundation. Does not require heavy use construction equipment. Excavation are carried out in a limited manner, which significantly affects the cost of the foundation;
- columnar foundation. The supports are made of concrete, brick or asbestos cement. The installation of supports is carried out according to the developed project at the most loaded points. Popularity columnar foundation for light buildings due to the speed of construction and improved strength characteristics. The disadvantages of the foundation include a short service life;
- pile foundation. Steel supports with a screw-shaped tip are easily screwed to the required depth and connected with a grillage, which is responsible for uniform distribution of loads along the contour. Construction work does not require increased labor costs, which attracts many developers.
Regardless of the type of foundation chosen, remember the need for high-quality waterproofing. If possible, install a base on the foundation with a height of at least 50 cm. This will help protect the structure from excess moisture.
Masonry mortar
Laying blocks based on sawdust is done using:
- special glue for porous materials. Using glue, small seams are created to reduce heat loss. But the adhesive composition does not make it possible to eliminate geometric errors in the blocks;
Most often as masonry mortar use a special type of glue or cement mortar
- sandy cement mortar. By treating the sawdust with special moisture-repellent compounds before making the blocks and reducing the saturation of the masonry mortar with water, you can use cement mortar for the work. With its help you can easily cope with unevenness and achieve high strength characteristics buildings.
