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How to make an armored belt for blocks. Correct monolithic armored belt in a house made of aerated concrete. Used for formwork

Reinforced belt (armopoyas) is a reinforced concrete layer that is laid along the entire perimeter of the building. The installation of an armored belt with reinforcement and formwork increases strength load-bearing walls. This allows for increased strength and service life designs. As practice shows, it is practically not subject to destruction even during soil subsidence or shifting. Armopoyas are also called seismic belts, reinforced concrete or unloading belts.

Why do you need an armored belt and support frame?

The building materials that are used for construction today have many advantages. However, most of them are characterized by insufficient rigidity and negatively perceive point forces.

Reinforced belt (reinforced belt) - a reinforced concrete layer that is laid along the entire perimeter of the building

In order to strengthen buildings made of brick or block materials, you need to know how to make formwork for an armored belt. Most often they resort to this during:

• construction of a shallow foundation;
• building a house on a site with a slope;
• close location of the building to the reservoir;
• construction work on subsiding soil;
• construction of structures in seismically active zones.

The production of armored belts is carried out using several technologies: with disposable or removable formwork. Using ready-made blocks of permanent formwork, you can quickly assemble a form for pouring concrete. Typically, in this case, polystyrene foam blocks are used - this way the formation of cold bridges is excluded.

Disposable and removable formwork can be done by hand. In the latter case, boards are used instead of ready-made blocks - this significantly reduces the cost of construction.

When is an armored belt needed?

Soil shrinkage, wind loads and temperature fluctuations have a significant impact on the condition of the building. In order to make the building invulnerable to negative factors environment, additional reinforcement will be required. Maximum efficiency demonstrates a seismic belt during construction from gas silicate blocks (they are especially vulnerable to bending type deformations.)

Belt reinforcement with four-bar mesh

The armored belt takes on the main load and helps to increase the service life of the structure. You need to use it:

• to evenly distribute the load on the building frame;
• when attaching timber to the tops of walls (an armored belt under the roof prevents the occurrence of excessive vertical loads);
• in order to correct mistakes made during masonry;
• fixing a closed line, which is the basis for fastening the roof;
• ensuring high rigidity of the building.

Formwork for armored belts also simplifies the process of pouring foundations, walls, ceilings and other reinforced concrete structures. This system consists of a deck in contact with concrete, scaffolding and fasteners. Formwork is made from various materials:

• rolled, sheet steel;
• aluminum;
• boards, chipboard or plywood;
• plastic and its varieties.

DIY foundation formwork

What is the structure of a reinforced belt?

A long-lasting and reliable foundation requires a lot of building materials. To avoid wasteful expenses, experts recommend using a special calculator for calculating armored belts. You can find it on thematic sites - you just need to enter the basic parameters of the future foundation. The exact calculation of the armored belt is carried out based on the following data:

• tape length;
• tape width;
• desired foundation height;
• number of reinforcement threads;
• reinforcement diameter.

IN modern construction Several reinforced belts are used. Each armored belt design presented below differs in its installation method and purpose. It is recommended to take into account the features of each of them for durable and competent construction:

• the first belt (grillage) is poured simultaneously with the strip foundation (concrete is poured into the trench to a depth of 300-400 mm) This is the key to the strength of external and permanent internal walls;
• the second belt is laid on top of foundation blocks 200-400 mm high. Since it distributes the load on the foundation from the entire house, it is important to use reinforcement during the construction of each floor of multi-story buildings;

The third belt is designed to tighten the walls and prevent cracks from appearing in the future

• the third belt is designed to tighten the walls and prevent cracks from appearing in the future. The installation of armored belt formwork helps to distribute the load evenly over window and door openings - it is laid on top of silicate blocks, under interfloor slabs;
• the armored belt under the roof takes on the entire load from the roof, negative impact strong wind and precipitation. It is performed under the roof beams to strengthen the beams using anchor bolts.

How to make formwork for an armored belt

If you have chosen a more economical formwork method, it is important to install wooden panels in such a way that their position is not disturbed due to concrete pressure.

You need to pass the anchors through the wood and install plugs on them using electric welding. Filling the interfloor reinforced belt is much faster:

• a 6 x 100 mm screw is attached to the bottom of the wooden panel;
• the distance between the screws should be about 700 mm;
• the shield is applied to the wall, a hole is drilled into which a screw is inserted;
• recommended hole diameter is 6 mm.

The upper part of the formwork is also installed quite simply, according to a similar scheme, but instead of a screw, a self-tapping screw is used. A hole is drilled in the brick or face masonry seam into which the reinforcement is driven. Next, the self-tapping screw and reinforcement are tightened with binding wire. The distance between the fastening elements should be maintained within 1-1.5 m. After the reinforced belt has hardened, the formwork can be removed. IN warm time During the year, concrete sets in a day; in winter and autumn it will take more than two days.

Formwork for armored belts under floor slabs

It is important to control the level of the upper edge of the formwork - differences should not exceed 1 cm. From this point of view, it is more rational to use permanent or combined formwork.

If you plan to further insulate the facade with polystyrene foam, permanent formwork made of polystyrene blocks will become an element of the insulating layer. The only difference between the manufacturing technology of such formwork and removable formwork is the connection of several parts for the armored belt of the floor. They should be fastened in such a way that during the concrete hardening process the solution does not move them apart.

How to properly fill an armored belt

The high-quality design of the armored belt lies in proper styling reinforcement frame and pouring concrete forms. The most reliable is considered to be a frame made of metal rods (8-10 mm cross-section), fastened together with wire and laid horizontally in a mold. It is important to fasten the frame with a ring of binding wire every 50 cm.

In order for the construction of a reinforced belt to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to pour the solution so that the entire reinforcement frame is completely immersed in concrete. After filling, make sure that metal rods do not come into contact with the formwork: in order to adjust the height, you can place pieces of brick or other building material under the frame. At the final stage, all that remains is to pour the concrete into the molds and compact it. After it has completely “set”, the forms are disassembled.

Pouring the armored belt with concrete

To strengthen the foundation and load-bearing structures of the future building, it is not necessary to have special skills. Using the following recommendations, you will learn how to properly fill the armored belt so that the building is stable and durable, despite any external negative factors.

• under the floor beams will last much longer if you first level the walls and clean them of residues concrete mortar;
• choosing material for fastening wooden shields, it is important to use self-tapping screws. They, unlike nails, can be quickly removed using a cordless screwdriver;
• fiberglass reinforcement is resistant to low temperatures, but at extreme high temperatures the material begins to melt - this must be taken into account when choosing building materials;
• When reinforcing brickwork, ensure complete sealing of the joints. Fill the resulting gaps with a thick solution containing polyurethane foam or special film;
• It is especially important to carry out the formwork in one step (more information about how to properly reinforce a strip foundation with your own hands can be found on this website);
• the main condition for reinforcement is a closed structure. Strengthening should not be interrupted under any circumstances;

• There are several conflicting opinions about whether foundation reinforcement can be welded. Experts say that the strength and rigidity at the weld joint are somewhat reduced.
• it is preferable to use high-quality concrete of at least M200 grade;
• correct reinforcement of corners implies fastening reinforcement only using bent elements;
• during hot periods, you need to generously moisten the treated surfaces with water - this way you will prevent cracks from appearing in the frozen solution.

In the construction of private residential buildings from block materials (brick, aerated concrete and others) for additional protection against movement and deformation of walls and load-bearing structures An armored belt is always provided. This reinforced concrete structure, installed along the entire perimeter of the building, reduces and redistributes external and internal stresses on the walls and foundation that arise as a result of seismic activity and ground movements, exposure to wind, and stresses from the internal structures of the house.

Due to probable changes in soil and features internal structure building walls on different areas houses can receive different levels of loads, causing compression and torsion of the material. If the load reaches critical values, cracks form.

For short people one-story houses The foundation quite copes with the role of the armored belt. But with a significant height of the walls (two or more floors), critical loads are created in the upper part, for the even redistribution of which a special additional structure is needed - a concrete belt with metal reinforcement. Its presence increases wind protection for the walls of the house and the bursting loads from the mass of the upper floor and roof.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

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Existing practice in construction proves that the width of the armored belt is quite sufficient if it corresponds to the thickness of the wall. The height can vary in the range of 150-300 millimeters. Profiled metal (angle, single-T or I-beams, reinforcement) can be used for the structure. Note that the armored belt itself in such a house or in an extension made of aerated concrete performs the functions I-beam, most resistant to stress.

Armobelt under the Mauerlat

The functions of the armored belt under the Mauerlat are the same - ensuring the strength and reliability of the wall structure. Design features in its size. As a rule, the minimum cross-section is 250 x 250 mm, and the height should not be greater than the width of the wall. The main requirement is continuity of the structure and equal strength along the entire perimeter of the walls of the house: at a minimum, the armored belt must be monolithic. In order to achieve continuity, it is recommended to use concrete of the same grade (at least M250) for pouring.

Attaching the Mauerlat to the armored belt

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

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The easiest way to attach the Mauerlat to the armored belt is with threaded studs.

The diameter of the studs should be 10-14 mm. Cross members must be welded at the base.

When using raw concrete to fill the armored belt under the Mauerlat, care should be taken to place the studs in advance:

• they should be rolled in advance to the reinforcement cage placed inside the concrete;
• the distance between the studs must be the same;
• to prevent concrete from contaminating the threads in the outer part of the studs, they must be covered with cellophane and wrapped with wire;
• that part of the studs that will be inside the concrete should be protected from corrosion - paint is quite suitable for this (oil-based or nitro-based - it doesn’t matter, you can also use primer).

The outer part (length) of the studs must be sufficient so that, in addition to the Mauerlat itself, two nuts and a washer can be screwed to them. IN ideal the places where the Mauerlat is attached to the armored belt should be located as accurately as possible in the middle between rafter structures. At least, rafter legs should not coincide with the studs, otherwise you will get additional problems when installing the roof, so you should pay attention to the accuracy of marking and installation in advance.

Armobelt for floor slabs

The presence of heavy floor slabs creates increased loads on the walls. To wall materials are not deformed under their weight; an armored belt is used at the height of the junction of floors. Such a reinforced concrete strip must be constructed under all floors along the entire perimeter of the house. The distance from the slabs to the reinforced belt should not exceed the width of one or two bricks during construction brick buildings and other objects made of stone materials or with slag-filled walls (ideally 10-15 cm).

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

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Do not forget that there must be a reinforcement cage inside the reinforced belt under the floor slabs. We will dwell on its features a little later. It is important that there are no voids in the reinforced belt under the floor slabs.

Brick armored belt (video)

An armored belt made of brick is a regular brickwork, reinforced reinforcement mesh. Sometimes, to enhance strength, bricks are placed not horizontally, but vertically on the ends. However, many craftsmen recommend making a brick armored belt only in conjunction with full reinforcement of the wall with a reinforced concrete belt.

Formwork for armored belt

To install the formwork, which is mandatory when pouring a concrete reinforced belt, you can use:

• factory structures (offered for rent by many construction companies);
• polystyrene (fine porosity foam);
• prefabricated panel formwork made of boards, moisture resistant plywood or OSB.

Considering that the filling of the reinforced belt must be uniform and carried out simultaneously along the entire perimeter of the structure of the walls of the house, the formwork must also be installed in advance throughout the entire facility.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

Ask a question to an expert

Please note that top part The formwork must ensure a perfectly horizontal position for the reinforced belt (this is especially important when it is necessary to correct flaws in the masonry of walls). Therefore, when constructing the formwork for concreting the reinforced belt, a water level should be used.

Armobelt under the roof

The functions of the armored roof belt can be formulated in the following points:

• ensuring strict geometry of the building box during shrinkage of the wall structure due to seasonal changes in the soil;
• rigidity and stability of the building;
• dispersal and uniform distribution of loads from the roof onto the frame of the house.

The armored belt under the roof also performs the function of providing the possibility of strong fastening of the mauelat and rafter system, installation of flooring (including from reinforced concrete slabs) between top floor and the attic of the house.

Fittings for armored belt

Reinforcing mesh (frame) for the armored belt is necessary to strengthen and give greater strength concrete structure. May have a square go rectangular shape by section. Consists of four working longitudinal rods and intermediate jumpers.

To fasten the reinforcement together, electric welding or binding wire is used. Optimal diameter reinforcement – ​​10-12 mm. To increase rigidity, a separate rod is placed inside the reinforcement frame. Longitudinal jumpers are fastened together every 200-400 mm. To stiffen the corners of the armored belt, an additional bent rod is inserted at a distance of approximately 1500 mm in each direction from the corner of the wall.

Composition of concrete for armored belt

As we said above, concrete grade M250 and higher is suitable for the armored belt. The structure must be poured continuously, so it is more advisable to pre-order delivery of the required quantity using mixers at the nearest concrete plant.

Otherwise you will need:

• two concrete mixers;
• sand;
• cement (recommended at least grade M400);
• gravel or crushed stone;
• water.

Two concrete mixers will be needed to ensure continuity of pouring the armored belt fresh concrete. A preparation specialist will also be needed. concrete mixture and a number of auxiliary workers for loading concrete mixers and carrying ready-made concrete to the installation site of the armored belt.

Video instructions on how to build an armored belt with your own hands

The need to create an armored belt under the Mauerlat when constructing a roof is not always obvious to novice builders. They often have the wrong idea about reinforced reinforcement of the base for the construction of a roof as something unnecessary and superfluous. However, the armored belt is an important intermediary that distributes the load of the roof onto the walls of the building. Let's look at why an armored belt under the roof is needed, what functions it performs and how to install it yourself.

In this article

The need for an armored belt

Let's start looking at the reinforced roof base with its main functions.

Load conversion

The rafter legs transfer the load to the mauerlat, the main concentration of which is in the places where the rafters support the walls of the house. The task of the Mauerlat and armored belt is to transform this load, making it uniform. The Mauerlat is subject to two types of loads. This is the weight of the roof itself, the snow accumulated on it, the effect of gusts of wind on the roof and other natural phenomena.

Another load is associated with the bursting of the building walls by the rafters. As the weight of the roof increases, it increases significantly. Modern materials for the construction of buildings, such as expanded clay concrete and aerated concrete, with a number of positive characteristics, are not able to withstand such a bursting load. Before installing the Mauerlat on them, it is imperative to create reinforced belt.

Brick walls are more resistant to point loads, so to install the Mauerlat on them, it is enough to use anchors or embedded parts. However, experts recommend the use of an armored belt for brick walls, if the building is being erected in an earthquake-prone region.

Attaching the roof to the house

The most important and main task of the Mauerlat is to firmly attach the roof to the house. Thus, the Mauerlat itself must be securely mounted to the building.

The main tasks of a reinforced roof base can be reduced to the following points:

• Maintaining the strict geometry of the building in any situation: seasonal soil fluctuations, earthquakes, shrinkage of the house, etc.;
• Alignment of walls in horizontal projection, correction of inaccuracies and flaws made during the construction of walls;
• Ensuring rigidity and stability of the entire structure of the building;
• Uniform and distributed distribution of the roof load on the walls of the building;
• Possibility of strong attachment to a reinforced base important elements roofing, primarily Mauerlat.

Calculation of a reinforced base for a roof

The process of reinforcing the base under the Mauerlat begins with planning and calculations. It is necessary to calculate the dimensions of the armored belt. According to building standards, it should be equal to the width of the wall, and not less than 25 cm. The recommended height of the reinforced base is around 30 cm. The armored belt and the mauerlat laid on it should encircle the entire house.

If the walls are built from aerated concrete, then the top row is made of stone in the shape of the letter U, which creates the formwork.

It is necessary to lay reinforcing elements in it and fill the entire structure with cement mortar. Before starting the actual construction work, it is also necessary to prepare necessary tools And Construction Materials

• . To create a reinforced base for the roof you will need:
• Concrete mixer for high-quality mixing of cement mortar; A specialized vibrator that accelerates cement mortar
• in the formwork, preventing the creation of air voids in the structure;
• Materials for the construction of formwork;

Fittings.

Installation technology Installation of the armored belt begins after masonry work

. It is necessary to wait until the masonry is completely dry.

Creating formwork and laying reinforcement The first stage is the construction of formwork. In buildings made of aerated concrete blocks, the outermost row of masonry is made of blocks in the shape of the letter U. If these are not available, then outer part

The formwork is created from sawn 100 mm blocks, and the inner formwork is made from boards. Installation is carried out in strict compliance with the horizontal level. A frame of reinforcement is laid into the formwork. Its longitudinal part is formed from 4 reinforcement rods with a diameter of 12 mm. Transverse fastenings are made from rods of 8 mm diameter, maintaining a pitch of no more than 25 cm. In projection, the frame looks like a square or rectangle. The frame parts are mounted with an overlap of up to 20 cm. The joints are connected with knitting wire. Similar in solution reinforced frame

exists as a monolith.

• Laying the frame requires compliance with certain rules:
• The thickness of the concrete from the frame to the formwork is at least 5 cm;

To comply with this rule, place stands made of bars of the required height under the frame.

An important part of the work is strengthening the formwork frame. If this is not done, then it will collapse from the weight of the concrete.

This can be done in various ways: Installation of fasteners for the Mauerlat. It is convenient to purchase studs with a diameter of 12 mm. The length of the studs is calculated taking into account the fact that their bottom is attached to the frame, and the top protrudes above the Mauerlat by 2-2.5 cm.

Installation of studs is carried out taking into account:

• There is at least one stud between two rafters;
• The maximum installation step is no more than 1 meter.

Pouring with cement mortar

The main feature of the reinforced base for the Mauerlat is its strength. This can only be achieved by pouring the concrete solution at a time.

To create a concrete mixture, concrete of at least M200 is used. The best mixture for filling the belt is prepared according to the following proportions:

• 1 part cement M400;
• 3 parts of washed sand and the same amount of crushed stone.

The use of plasticizers will help increase the strength and speed of hardening of the mixture.

Since creating an armored belt requires a lot of mixture at once, it is advisable to use a concrete mixer and a special pump to supply the solution. In the absence of equipment, the help of several people will be required to prepare and continuously supply the finished mixture.

After pouring concrete into the formwork, it is important to expel all air from any possible air pockets. For this, a special device, a vibrator, and simple fittings can be used, with which the mixture is pierced along the entire perimeter.

Mauerlat installation

Removing the formwork from the armored belt is possible as soon as the concrete has hardened sufficiently, and installation on the Mauerlat structure can begin no earlier than 7-10 days after pouring the armored belt.

Before laying, the Mauerlat parts must be in a special way prepared:

• The Mauerlat timber is treated with antiseptics;
• Connections of its individual elements are made using the direct lock method or oblique cutting;
• The Mauerlat is applied to the armored belt and the places for the pins are marked. Holes for fastenings are drilled.

Laying the Mauerlat is preceded by covering the reinforced base with a layer of rolled waterproofing; as a rule, roofing felt is used for these purposes.

The Mauerlat is secured with a large washer and nut; locknuts are used for security. After tightening all the fasteners, the remaining tops of the studs are cut off with a grinder.

Let's sum it up

A reinforced base for the Mauerlat is more of a necessity than a luxury. Roof structure has a rather large impact on the walls of the house, which, although distributed evenly thanks to the Mauerlat, can negatively affect the strength of the entire building.

The creation of an armored belt is necessary in buildings made of gas and expanded clay concrete due to the fragility of these materials, in areas with high seismic activity. It is also advisable to strengthen the walls under the Mauerlat when creating heavy roofing structures.

Reinforcing the upper part of the walls is not a difficult job requiring the involvement of specialists. If you follow a number of rules and involve assistants, it can be done on your own.

Any house during operation is exposed to the destructive effects of various natural phenomena:

Concrete reinforcing belts, like hoops in a barrel, tighten the walls of the house. The frame of the house acquires spatial rigidity, allowing the house to more successfully withstand the elements and avoid cracking.

Design and purpose of armored belt

Reinforced belt– monolithic reinforced concrete strip covering brick house, a house made of aerated concrete or others around the entire perimeter.

A system of several armored belts on various levels forms a spatial structure that promotes a more uniform distribution of loads on the walls of the house.

The main functions of reinforcement in the walls of a house:

• preserves geometry wall box, prevents its opening in the upper part;
• simplifies the task of attaching the Mauerlat to the walls;
• evenly distributes the load from the floor slabs onto the walls;
• prevents wall deformation and the formation of cracks due to uneven shrinkage of the house.

Types of armored belt

According to their location and functions, reinforcing belts are divided into:

• grillage– monolithic reinforced concrete strip or slab that combines the foundation pile heads into a single structure; the grillage can be recessed, raised or high;
• base armored belt– located between the foundation and the lower part of the walls;
• interfloor armored belt takes the load from the floor slabs;
• unloading armored belt for attaching the Mauerlat.

Why is an armored belt needed and where is it installed?

Grillage is part of the foundation, performed under all load-bearing walls of the house.
With a pile construction, the foundation is usually located above ground level (high), combining individual foundation piles into a single structure. Evenly distributes point loads from pile heads over the entire wall box.

Raised grillage located at ground level. Covers the upper edge of the walls of the recessed strip foundation from blocks. May be integral part shallow strip foundation.

Recessed grillage performed between the lower edge of the walls of a buried strip foundation and the surface of the earth.

Base armored belt rests directly on the foundation, fastens the lower part of the load-bearing walls of the house. Actually, it can be fully attributed to the family of armored belts quite conditionally.

Availability doorways will not allow it to be made continuous under the entire perimeter of the external walls of the house, which significantly reduces its functionality. This type of armored belt can be recommended in cases where the rigidity of a block foundation without grillages is in doubt. If there is a grillage in the foundation, it is redundant.

Interfloor armored belt serves as a support for the floor slabs of each floor. Must be compulsory. Prevents walls from coming apart and floor slabs from falling during the operation of the house.

Unloading armored belt evenly distributes the load from the roof onto the walls of the house. Allows you to simply and reliably attach the Mauerlat to the wall.

Tools and materials

Let's consider what tools and materials are needed to make a reinforcing belt.

Manufacturing of formwork:

• hand-held circular saw;
• screwdriver;
• edged boards 25 mm;
• OSB board 8 mm;
• black self-tapping screws 25, 45, 65 mm.

Reinforcing frame:

• reinforcement rods with a diameter of 12 – 14 mm;
• reinforcing wire with a diameter of 6 mm;
• soft wire for tying reinforcement, convenient to use plastic ties.

Concrete work when preparing concrete yourself:

• concrete mixer (from experience: optimal volume 160 l);
• crushed stone fraction 20 - 40 mm or 10 - 20 mm, larger ones are not needed, finer ones, as a rule, contain a lot of dust;
• sand, the lower the clay content, the better;
• cement grade 400, do not forget to pay attention to the date of manufacture, to obtain high-quality concrete, storage is no more than two months;
• water without silt and oily contaminants.

And one more tool that is worth dwelling on separately. This is a submersible vibrator for concrete compaction. Even if you have to purchase one to pour one grillage, the gain in the quality of the resulting concrete will justify these costs. A simple hand-held vibrator with a hose length of 1 meter and a mace diameter of 35 mm is quite sufficient for the job.

How to make an armored belt with your own hands?

Making armored belts with your own hands is a completely solvable task. At correct device process, the result of its solution will be reliable basis under beams floors and will bring you only positive impressions.

Sequence of actions in the manufacture of a reinforcing belt:

• installation of formwork;
• production of reinforcement frame;
• pouring concrete into formwork.

Installation of formwork for armored belt

Measurements are being taken. According to the obtained dimensions, shields are made from boards on the ground. It is very convenient to use OSB strips reinforced with a frame of wooden slats.

Shields rise up the wall. The upper edge of the shields is leveled. The height difference along the entire length of the grillage is no more than 1 cm. The lower edge is fixed to the wall. Easy to use for fastening quick installation 6x100 mm.

Special attention attention should be paid to the tightness of joints and corner connections. Concrete leaking through the cracks during pouring forms unsightly streaks on the wall and air cavities in the body of the armored belt.

After assembly and installation In the formwork of the reinforcement frame, parallel formwork panels are connected to each other by cutting boards laid across the reinforcement belt and secured with self-tapping screws.

It must be remembered that when pouring concrete, the formwork structure absorbs large static and dynamic loads. Poor fastening of the formwork elements leads to extrusion of the walls by the poured concrete. This unpleasant situation should be avoided. Properly assembled formwork has sufficient strength and rigidity. It should not bend when the weight of a person presses on it.

Manufacturing of reinforcement cage for reinforced belt

The reinforcement frame is a spatial structure of 4 – 6 longitudinally located reinforcement rods with a diameter of 12 – 14 mm, fastened together by vertical and transverse jumpers.

It is convenient to use rectangles made of reinforcing wire with a diameter of 6 mm as vertical and transverse jumpers.

Sequencing:

Frame elements should not be connected using electric arc welding. The frame metal at the welding site overheats and loses its strength properties. Also, you should not try to connect the connections with thick wire and as firmly as possible.

The twists should ensure the integrity of the frame during transportation and pouring with concrete. After hardening, the concrete adheres firmly to the reinforcement. The strength of the twists has no effect on the resulting strength of the grillage.

Along the length, the rods are joined to an overlap of at least 35 - 40 diameters of the reinforcement and are fastened together with knitting wire. The rods must be joined not in one place, but in a run-up, with a certain interval from each other.

The gap between the reinforcement and the edges of the concrete must be at least 50 mm thick.

Pouring concrete into formwork

You can purchase concrete or prepare it yourself using a concrete mixer.

Concrete work with imported concrete

If it is possible for a concrete truck to approach construction site, it is worth considering this option. You can order high-quality concrete of the required grade. It is advisable to fill the grillage at one time, without interruptions; a concrete mixer will perfectly provide this opportunity. When pouring a grillage at a height, it is very convenient to use the services of a concrete pump.

Advice. When making concrete in a concrete mixer, try using concrete additives. This will not require large expenses, but the properties and quality of the resulting concrete will pleasantly surprise you.

Superplasticizers give the concrete mixture fluidity with less water. Concrete is easier to pour; less water provides greater strength and frost resistance.

Strength accelerators– after a day you can remove the formwork, after two to three days you can continue working further. Directions for use: Simply add to water when mixing concrete.

I think you should immediately refuse offers to prepare concrete with a shovel. Low quality concrete, non-compliance with the preparation recipe, long breaks in pouring are practically guaranteed.

During the first 24 hours after pouring, the concrete must be covered from sun rays and protect from moisture evaporation. In the future, periodically water the surface of the concrete structure with water.

Subtleties and nuances of making armored belts

The safety of operation and durability of the house you built largely depend on the correct choice of design of reinforcing belts and compliance with the technology for performing the work.

If you engage third-party specialists to carry out work on the manufacture of the grillage, first carefully study the entire sequence of actions literally step by step.

Find the time and opportunity to personally monitor the entire progress of the work, since all the shortcomings and mistakes of the workers will be hidden under a layer of concrete and will appear much later, when their correction will be very difficult or impossible.

Without exception, any structure made of any block materials will be constantly exposed to natural phenomena - soil swelling, building settlement, and other ground movement. In addition, increased winds and rain can also affect the integrity of the entire building. It is to eliminate various movements of the building that a concrete reinforced belt is installed over the walls. We’ll talk about how to make an armored belt with your own hands in this article.

Armored belt device

A reinforcing belt, or as it is sometimes called a seismic belt, makes it possible improve strength throughout the house, and also allows prevent cracking of walls as a result of soil movement with the foundation and under the influence of atmospheric phenomena. In addition, if you make an armored belt correctly, it Allows for even distribution of loads from the roof or concrete floors located above it.

Please pay attention! Even if the floors in the house are made of wood, the need to make an armored belt does not disappear. The type of overlap does not determine whether to make an armored belt or not. In any case, the belt should close all the walls.

Everything is clear about the purpose of the armored belt. Now a few words about its design. An ordinary reinforced belt has two standard elements - a rigid volumetric frame made of reinforcement, as well as the concrete in which it is located. In general, everything is quite simple, but making an armored belt with your own hands without studying your features will probably be difficult.

How to make an armored belt - sequence

In order to determine the complexity of the work, as well as for a more detailed analysis of how a reinforced belt is made, we will break down the manufacturing technology into several stages. We can say that we will provide specific instructions for making an armored belt.

Metal frame made of reinforcement

It is necessary to begin assembling the frame by installing pieces of reinforcement at the top of the wall. To do this, you either need to simply drive in pieces, if the density of the material allows it, or drill holes and insert pieces into them. The reinforcement is installed at the intersection points of the walls and along the entire perimeter of the structure every 1-1.5 meters. The segments are installed in squares of four pieces; they will determine the dimensions of the entire frame. After this, you need to secure the lower longitudinal row of reinforcement at a height of 3-4 cm from the top edge of the wall. To do this, longitudinal rods are tied to vertically mounted pins using knitting wire. In this way, two parallel rods are secured.

After the longitudinal reinforcement is installed, it must be connected with short jumpers every 2.5-3 cm. For jumpers, you need to use pieces of reinforcement.

Vertical sections are also installed in a similar way. The upper longitudinal row of reinforcement will later be attached to them. The top row will be attached in the same way and with the same pitch as the horizontal one. The length of the segments will depend on the total thickness of the armored belt. The recommended thickness of the armored belt is 200 – 250 mm. From these dimensions it is necessary to determine the length of the vertical segments. Longitudinal reinforcement bars are again attached to the vertical sections, which are then secured with transverse sections. In general, everything is exactly the same as with the lower level of the longitudinal rods.

Formwork

At this stage, you can proceed in two ways: either install permanent formwork, or make a collapsible one from boards. The most the best option There will be a collapsible design. It is assembled from almost any boards or sheet materials. During the construction of the formwork, it is necessary to monitor its upper edge - the difference should not be more than 1 cm.

The ideal option would be a combined system, in which on one side it will be non-removable, and on the other, it will be removed once the poured solution has hardened. If the facade will be finished with some kind of material or insulated, then permanent polystyrene formwork can be installed on the front side, which will later become one of the elements of the insulating layer. By inside can be set regular board or OSB, which can be fixed with improvised hardware and fasteners. The same cannot be said about working with foam concrete, which has its own.

The most difficult moment here will be connecting the two parts of the armored belt formwork. Here you need to approach it with all responsibility and think about how to connect two opposite parts in such a way that the poured concrete does not crush them on the sides. To do this, you need to secure wooden spacers along the upper edge of the formwork in increments of 30–40 cm, and you can also tighten it with wire. To fasten with wire, you need to drill holes in the boards and thread the wire through, which will tighten the two parts of the structure. After the solution hardens, simply bite off this wire with side cutters and it will remain inside the armored belt. After screeding, you can proceed to the next stage of construction of the reinforcing belt.

Pouring concrete

Everything here is not difficult enough, except for lifting the concrete inside the formwork from above the wall. But this issue can be easily sorted out when ordering. Companies providing concrete delivery services have the opportunity to order a concrete pump, which pumps the solution to any point of the reinforced belt being poured.

Let’s also say a few words about the quality of the concrete mixture and the method of preparing it if you prepare it yourself. When ordering, the brand must be at least B15. But if you cook it yourself, the composition will be as follows: one bucket of cement and two buckets of crushed stone and sand. It is best to prepare the concrete mixture thicker, because... it will not crush the formwork too much. However, such a solution has its own nuance - the mixture in the formwork must be carefully compacted and compacted. Ideally, this is done using deep vibrator, but it is not often found in domestic construction. For compaction, you can use either a piece of reinforcement or a piece of wooden block, which carefully compact the entire solution in the formwork.

Completion

The final stage of making an armored belt with your own hands is to control the hardening of the concrete. Immediately after pouring the concrete mixture, it is best to cover it with cellophane film. This is necessary to reduce moisture loss and the appearance of cracks in the armored belt. After a few days, when the initial strength has been gained, the formwork can be removed (removable). By the way, we advise you to read the article ““.

That's basically all. Let us clarify only one detail, which concerns the waterproofing of the armored belt. Usually a mauerlat is laid on the armored belt for further installation of the roof. To do this, roofing felt or other modern bituminous material must be laid on the concrete surface to provide waterproofing. In this way, you can protect the base of your roof from incoming moisture from the walls.