home > Finishing > Porch to the house: components, drawings and designs, choice of materials, construction. Porch to the house: how to make, diagrams and drawings, choice of materials, designs, construction How to make an internal porch

Porch to the house: components, drawings and designs, choice of materials, construction. Porch to the house: how to make, diagrams and drawings, choice of materials, designs, construction How to make an internal porch

Holidays in the countryside or in country house always associated with big amount time for fresh air, and there are always a million reasons why you have to regularly visit the house. And at one point you notice that the porch and stairs to the house are very inconvenient, and while there is time, you need to make or radically redo all the elements of the porch. It's better to make something new.

In most cases, the decision to rebuild a porch in a house comes spontaneously. As practice shows, such a simple porch, like an extension to a house, can be done in a few hours, in one go.

A simple staircase design suits us

Before you take your first steps in construction, you need to clearly understand how to build a wooden porch with your own hands step by step. Simply put, the design of the building should already be in your head, you just need to find suitable material and correctly assemble all the elements.

For the simplest porch that can be made from available material, the sequence of work will be as follows:

The first step is to measure the width of the stairs and choose optimal height stage that is convenient for you and your family. Then it will be much more difficult to redo or make amendments;
Select a suitable material, always dry; it is better if it is fresh dried lumber, timber or board from old stock, not used anywhere;
We cut out two side supporting beams, called bowstrings or stringers, for more serious wooden buildings;
At the next stage you need to make a support and steps;
We cut and attach the railings, process protective coatings, it is better to do this stage right away, until wooden knots did not pick up moisture from the air. The wooden porch is ready.

Advice ! Simplicity does not mean primitiveness. If you plan to use the porch for many years, then it is better to immediately make additional waterproofing from the ground.

Building a wooden porch is not as difficult as it seems

The most successful option for a wooden porch has always been considered a double corner design, in which, thanks to angular location steps, the exit from the house turns out to be a semicircle, as in the photo.

You can walk down such a staircase without even noticing the steps under your feet. This is convenient if a lot of people use the porch, including children. But for a dacha, you can make a simpler staircase, this is the key to the reliability of our construction.

Cutting out a wooden base for the stairs to the house

The wooden frame for the porch can be made from pine beams or boards, at least 50 mm thick and at least 200 mm wide. Before making a wooden frame, we select the correct size of future beams. For an ordinary staircase 70-70 cm wide, two wooden blanks 100-130 cm long will be enough. The boards must not have defects, chips or cracks, or be damaged by insects or fungus.

To quickly and efficiently make a wooden porch, in addition to a supply of lumber, we will need some tools:

Hand-held circular or chain saw with a protractor;
Drill or screwdriver, nail puller and hammer weighing 400 grams;
Corner Grinder with attachments for sanding wooden surfaces;
Carpenter's corner, tape measure, pressing wood screws.

The first step is to cut the edges of both wooden blanks at an angle to the longitudinal surface of at least 45 degrees. You can make the angle larger, while the future wooden staircase will have a gentler slope, and vice versa, the smaller the angle, the higher the steepness. The angles on both workpieces must be exactly the same, as in the photo.

Next we will need a massive wooden block, in the future we will make a support for the stairs from it, but for now we need it for precise definition sizes of future stringers. Supporting the workpieces with cut edges on wooden beams at home, and uncut onto the timber, we specify the angle of inclination of the stairs and the height of the stringers. We mark and trim the wooden blanks in the lower part so that they rest tightly and securely with their entire surface on the timber stand, as in the photo.

How to properly attach stair steps

To make the steps, we need to temporarily fix the frame of the future wooden porch with nails, so at the next stage of construction we nail both wooden stringer blanks to the beam of the house, level them, and also attach the ends to the timber stand.

Advice ! We hammer the nails so that the head does not reach the wooden surface by 5-7 mm, this will allow them to be easily pulled out in the future and replaced with self-tapping screws.

Before moving forward with the construction of the porch, we have the opportunity to once again clarify the most convenient size of steps, height and width. If necessary, you can make a new wooden stand and change the width flight of stairs as in the photo.

The steps can be made from the same wooden blank or board from which the side stringers were cut. Usually, to increase the strength and rigidity of the porch, it is recommended to use risers - wooden supporting elements on which the floorboards of the steps rest. But at the same time, the step itself will have to be made too wide for comfortable placement of the foot.

In addition, such a structure is very well ventilated and cleaned of moisture and dirt, of which there is always plenty at the dacha; if risers are made in the structure, dirt and moisture will accumulate in the cracks.

In our construction, we do not use risers in the staircase; this will allow us to make wooden steps narrower and thicker. At the same time, comfort will not suffer at all.

For your information! To attach the steps, we will not cut grooves, as is usually recommended by all drawings and diagrams of a simple attached wooden porch.

This greatly reduces the strength of the stringers and forces them to be much thicker than necessary for reasons of rigidity. wooden building porch.

To attach the steps, you need to mark and cut short vertical supports from a board, 20-25 mm thick, as in the photo.

We nail them to the side stringers and secure them wooden blank steps, approximately as in the photo.

We move the staircase to the installation site on the porch and check how correctly its main elements were made. If there are no comments, remove the nails one by one and replace them with self-tapping screws.

How to build a porch railing for a house

When building the stairs, we did not sand the workpieces; there was practically no special need for this. For porch railings, it is extremely important to have a smooth surface without the possibility of catching a drift or thorn in your hand. Therefore, after choosing a wooden block of suitable size, you must first of all carefully sand its surface, both the handrails and the vertical posts, photo.

It’s easier to make vertical posts for the porch if you first cut out one template-sized blank, adjust the angle of inclination to install the handrails, and then make all the other 7 pieces using it. This option will significantly speed up the process of making fences and porch railings.

We fasten the vertical posts directly with self-tapping screws. The workpiece should be screwed to the stringers with at least three fastening points every 60-70 mm.

We will install handrails on top of the racks, which can be made from the same block as the vertical supports themselves. It is clear that wooden surface, which you have to handle with your hands, it is better to polish it with a felt circle with paste. In this case, the handrails will acquire not only a smooth surface, but also a beautiful texture, as in the photo.

Oddly enough, one of the reasons why a wooden porch may lose its attractiveness is poor quality of surface treatment protective compounds. Even varnish or drying oil will not protect the wood from swelling. Therefore, for protection it is necessary to use a multilayer coating based on pentaphthalic enamels or alkyd varnish.

Final word

The proposed design of a porch for a house is simple and reliable, and even a schoolchild who has a little practice in safely handling power tools can do it with his own hands. If desired, the porch can be increased in size or supplemented with a concrete platform for the lower support of the stairs. Traditionally, the porch and entrance are located on the sunny, well-lit side of the house, this will ensure normal conditions durable.

The porch is mandatory element the entrance part of the building and its “business card”. The desire to decorate your own home, taking into account fashion trends and personal taste preferences are inherent in almost everyone. The design of the porch of a private house should emphasize the integrity of the entire structure and make it more attractive. There are many options for designing the entrance of a building, so we invite you to consider the most popular and interesting of them.

Wooden porch

The most popular option remains installation wood flooring on the porch. In most cases, such structures are made from pine wood, as the most inexpensive and popular natural raw material. If the porch is properly sealed, varnished and painted, it will look attractive for many years.

This current method decoration of the facade, which is decorated in country style. This design can be complemented with wood-based porch decor, which will add the atmosphere of a country cottage. Wood can be complemented with stone, which is relevant not only for country style. In private country buildings, these two materials look quite harmonious together and are suitable for finishing platforms, doors and for use as decoration.

Concrete porch

Concrete is considered a universal material, which is cheap and reliable, and is also optimally suited for the manufacture of porches. This is a monolithic structure that will not begin to wobble over time, which is sometimes inherent in wooden products. In addition, it can be easily repaired and decorated with any decor. Do not forget that a concrete porch can be of various shapes, which will not particularly affect the price and the amount of time to complete the task.

Concrete structures can be decorated with tiles, for example, clinker. There are options trimmed with stone, painted, and treated with other materials. IN modern buildings with a facade made of wood, brick or siding, a concrete porch can be left without additional covering. This allows you to emphasize the features of the texture of the walls and their colors.

Brick porch

A brick porch is a more expensive option compared to the previous ones, but it also looks attractive and is considered a fairly reliable solution for decorating a home. Installing the structure may take more time and require serious effort, but in the future the work put in will pay off in a big way, since it does not require additional maintenance.

Often, a brick porch has a concrete base or a covering of steps based on other materials. There are also options for laying tiles on the steps. It looks homely, inspires confidence and adds reliability to the building. But be careful, as any step surface you choose should not be slippery, otherwise this area will become potentially dangerous in the cold season due to snow and ice.

Porch made of stone

Natural stone is considered a classic option. Such raw materials are distinguished by durability, presentability and strength, which is especially important. There are many varieties of stone, some suitable for foundation and a number of others suitable for creating decorative elements(and the raw materials for making the base will cost much more). Although, in general, all types of stone can withstand adverse weather conditions and will not require additional maintenance for a long time.

If the building is stone, then you can fit in general design porch with columns. Natural stone can be combined with monumental elements. Such a composition will look harmonious.

Metal and wrought iron porch

Usually, when they talk about a forged or metal porch, they mean decorative parts of the structure - awnings, railings, steps, which are made of metal. But sometimes a completely metal porch is installed in a private house.

The main advantage of such structures is increased strength and service life. However, you will have to constantly paint and treat your porch to prevent it from deteriorating due to corrosion. Moreover, a metal floor will be quite cold, so it is not suitable for arranging a terrace. The latter option requires a concrete base or wood flooring on a metal base.

Porch with canopy

In most cases, awnings seem to continue the roof and, together with the porch, perform the important function of protection from the effects of precipitation and solar radiation. This great option arranging a comfortable entrance to the building.

If the building has architectural features, which will not allow installing a canopy over the main entrance, even small size, replace it with a visor. Such a detail will not only partially perform the functions of a canopy, but will also be able to diversify appearance buildings, and if you choose the right product or make it in an original way, it will become a real decoration of the exterior.

Even a small canopy can make an entrance to a private house more presentable. Its shade can protect you from the sun, as well as save you from streams of water during the rain if you open the doors or wait for the car.

Porch with steps and railings

If the house has a high foundation and you can install steps that will lead to the main entrance, installing railings will be relevant. This design will make the exterior of the building appear safer and more stable, and will also perform a very specific function and help residents and visitors enter the house in bad weather.

This is a traditional type of design for the entrance to a building. It can be combined with a canopy or canopy, and can also be decorated various designs additionally to make the composition look complete.

Porch – essential architectural element, without which no building is unthinkable. Of course, the most correct solution, when a porch is provided at the design stage of a house, and the foundation for the porch to the house is laid at the same time as the foundation for the main building. But in practice, for a number of reasons, it is attached with its own hands to a ready-made building.

Self-construction of a porch to a house, photos of the most popular and beautiful solutions see the article, must be carried out in compliance with the rules and regulations that apply to the construction additional extensions. Next, we will tell you in detail, make an overview of the materials from which the porch of a private house is most often built with your own hands, and conduct a comparative analysis of construction technologies. We will pay special attention to the questions of what foundations are laid under homemade building, how to make a foundation yourself, and how to properly attach a porch to an existing house.

General form

One of the basic rules of building a porch is that it should be consistent with the exterior of the house. The most common option for making an aesthetically correct addition is to use the same materials from which the house is built to make the porch. But in construction there are extensions with an eclectic design, for example, they are often added to a structure made of concrete or stone. In such cases, it is important to maintain the proportions and shape of the independent extension so that it fits harmoniously into the general form and dimensions of the house.

Before you build a porch for your house, you need to think about the design of the extension.

But besides aesthetics, the practical side of the issue is very important. , which is constantly exposed to an aggressive environment, experiences systematic mechanical stress. Therefore, the material for home-made construction must be resistant to moisture, alkaline and acidic environments, corrosion, microorganisms, UV rays, fungi, rodents, fire-resistant and resistant to abrasion loads. Of course, not a single material, even the most innovative one, can meet all the requirements without exception, so there is no universal recipe. Next, we will look at common materials for home-made construction, and analyze their main advantages and disadvantages.

Combinations log house with forging and tiles

Materials

DIY porch, photo in the gallery clear example, most often they are attached. These materials for construction, with certain skills, are quite simple to work with, have a relatively low cost, and withstand physical, mechanical and chemical loads well, which is why they are so popular for constructing a porch.

How to build a porch out of wood

The most popular material for a homemade extension is wood. with your own hands it perfectly combines with houses made of timber, rounded logs, brick, adobe, frame buildings, concrete plastered structures, covered with siding, imitation wood paneling of all kinds.

To construct a porch, logs, laminated veneer lumber, and hardwood, mainly larch, are usually used. Of course, this is a fairly common material for home-made construction; wood is easy to install and does not require any special complex tools. And hardly anything can compare with beauty and warmth natural wood. Besides, modern market building materials for home-made extensions offers a huge selection of carved elements - all this opens up huge prospects for.

But before you make a wooden porch with your own hands, step by step the tree needs to be treated with antiseptics, fire-resistant solutions, and impregnated with moisture-repellent compounds. Of course, this entails additional time and financial costs for construction, but without preliminary preparation a wooden porch is unlikely to last long.

How to make a porch with your own hands correctly, tall structures are built if the house has a high base, and in snowy regions

They install a homemade wooden porch on a special foundation, it can be rubble stones for supports, a slab, a columnar or pile foundation. All parts wooden elements that will be immersed in the ground, before starting construction, it is necessary to treat them with bitumen mastic, wrap them with roofing felt, and fasten the seam blowtorch. The choice of the type of base for arranging a porch depends on the design features of the extension, and of course, on the weight of the materials; we will talk about the nuances a little later.

DIY wooden porch, photo of a large extension

Depending on the design of the porch, the construction of a home-made extension begins with the construction of the upper platform, then it is attached to it either on a bowstring, and then goes on. In conclusion and... As you can see, the technology for constructing a wooden porch is quite simple, but when arranging an extension, it is important to follow all stages of wood preparation, and then the finishing should be properly applied to protect the structure from external influences.

Homemade concrete porch

In general, concrete is a huge opportunity in homemade construction. The plasticity of the material allows you to make not only rectangular, but also semicircular, oval, broken, and curved structures with your own hands. Concrete homemade extensions fit into even the most complex exterior of a house without any problems, since they can be faced various materials, including simply painting, or making special steps from sculptural concrete, which, depending on the treatment, can imitate granite, malachite, marble, etc.

How to make a porch for a house, photo of a large homemade terrace

After the foundation pit has been made and laid sand and gravel cushion To give shape to a homemade porch, formwork is made from boards, plywood, and plastic. A reinforcing frame is knitted into the sheathing, which is filled with concrete. But it is also possible to lay ready-made concrete blocks in the lathing, which are fastened together and only then filled with mortar. Monolithic construction the porch is cheaper, in addition to buying ready-made blocks, they still need to be delivered, unloaded, laid, and for this, if you are not a descendant of the three heroes, you will need special equipment.

Important: It is better to make the frame from ribbed rods, with a cross-section of 8-12 mm; it is recommended to use binding wire for fastening; welding significantly weakens the metal. It is necessary to fill the reinforcing frame so that it is surrounded on all sides by concrete, a layer of at least 50 mm; before installing the frame, place pebbles or special supports on the bottom.

Concrete structures cannot be loaded until the mortar is completely formed, and this takes 28 days. In addition, to install a porch in winter time you will need a special frost-resistant solution or heating cables, which will significantly increase the cost of a homemade extension. Any violations of the filling technology will lead to inevitable consequences.

Construction of a concrete porch with a semi-closed wooden canopy

How to make a porch from metal

When considering the question of how to make a metal porch with your own hands, first of all, it should be noted that its construction is possible only on a pile foundation.

How to make a porch with your own hands, a homemade frame option

Of course, other foundation options are possible, if urgently necessary, if the site has rocky soil, or your country house located in the permafrost zone. For example, slab or strip, but this is not always advisable, so sometimes it is better, and cheaper, to consider options for building home-made extensions from other materials. Pile foundations are always buried below the soil freezing level by 20-30 cm, and this level depends on the climate zone.

It should be noted that a homemade porch made from high-quality rolled metal and treated with anti-corrosion compounds has a long service life. safe operation. In addition, they go well with, etc. A metal porch can be cut along the posts and moved to another location; no extension made from any other material can boast of such an advantage.

Do-it-yourself porch at the dacha, a simple way to make an extension on a metal frame

Other materials for building a homemade porch

When talking about building a porch with your own hands, it is impossible not to mention materials such as. For the construction of the extension, it is recommended to use red or silicate backfill white brick. It is very convenient that the total height of the two bricks is equal to the height of the step; this circumstance greatly facilitates the laying.

Advice: When building a porch with your own hands, so that the extension is strong and reliable, cover the seams of the first layer with a whole part of bricks or blocks of the next row.

How to build a porch with your own hands, an extension made of sand-lime brick

After completing the masonry, you will need what material to choose for cladding depends on the design and budget for the porch. It should be noted that a do-it-yourself brick porch is actually more expensive than home-made extensions, but you can use used bricks. Building a porch from foam blocks with your own hands requires much less time and financial costs, but cellular concrete absorbs moisture well, which can come out sideways when rainy autumn, and severe frosts in winter.

We invite you to watch a video on how to make a porch with your own hands; the video will help you avoid basic mistakes in construction.

How to make the right foundation

The foundation is an important component of any structure; it is a kind of guarantor of the reliability and safe operation of the structure, be it a device multi-storey building or a homemade wooden porch.

The choice of type of foundation directly depends on the geodetic conditions on the site, and on the extension project, where the weight is calculated and indicated design features porch, the load from the extension should be distributed evenly.

How to fill a porch with your own hands, a slab for an extension

For example, for marshy areas pile foundation is suitable. But if you analyze the construction of St. Petersburg, which is all located on swamps, then the ancient houses in this city are installed on a slab, but meanwhile they have been standing for more than one century. Or pyramids located on quicksand, also all entirely installed on slabs. Therefore, no matter what type of foundation is chosen for a home porch, the main thing is to strictly follow the technology when constructing and pouring it.

Kinds

As for the types of foundation, there are only four of them: strip, columnar, pile and slab. But each of them has a number of varieties. And each of them, in certain cases, is suitable for building a porch.

Tape is a composite or monolithic tape that is laid around the perimeter and under the load-bearing walls of the building. According to SNiP, the tape should be 100 mm wider than the structure on each side. As a rule, it has 2 or more horizontal reinforcing belts connected to each other by vertical rods. Optimal width tapes 300-400 mm.

DIY porch, photo of a strip foundation for a large extension

A columnar foundation can be made of rubble stone, logs, bricks, concrete, metal and asbestos pillars; the masonry material is tied together with reinforcement. The principle of the device is quite simple: holes are dug around the perimeter, at a distance of no more than 2 m, into which the pillars are installed.

How to do columnar foundation

It is not so easy to build a pile foundation with your own hands. Firstly, the piles must be installed strictly vertically, and secondly, to drive a pile, considerable strength is needed, therefore, in order to install piles even under a homemade extension, the use of special equipment will be required. There are driven and screw piles with special blades at the end; they are installed around the perimeter and under load-bearing structures at a distance of 2 m from each other, after installation they are connected together along the heads with a grillage: concrete tape, timber or metal channel.

How to make a slab for a veranda

A slab foundation is a monolithic concrete slab, 100-400 mm thick, poured over the entire area of the building. To make an extension, it is enough to fill a thin slab. Before pouring concrete, a mesh of reinforcement is installed at the bottom of the pit, with cells of 200 * 200 mm, which you can tie with your own hands; for thicker bases, 2 horizontal reinforcing layers are required.

Types

Depending on the depth, foundations can be shallow - up to 500 mm, shallow - 700 mm, buried 200-300 mm below the soil freezing level.

Shallow foundations can be columnar, slab and strip foundations. The slab can only be shallow or shallow. The pile foundation is made exclusively buried.

How to make a strip base with an open contour

How to make a base for a porch

Before pouring the foundation with your own hands, the first step is to clear the area for constructing a makeshift porch and remove approximately 200 mm of fertile soil. Next, the drawings of the extension are transferred to the area, pegs are driven into the corners, and a rope is stretched around the perimeter.

Regardless of the type and type of foundation, with the exception of piles, it is necessary to make a recess in the ground for the foundation. For a strip - a trench, for a column - a pit, for a slab - a pit. The bottom of the site is carefully compacted and leveled horizontally. Then geotextiles are laid, on which a layer of crushed stone of 100-300 mm is poured, and the same layer of sand. The pillow is compacted so that there are no traces left on the surface from the shoes of a person weighing 75-80 kg.

If a columnar foundation was chosen to construct the porch, then a little concrete is poured into the bottom of the hole, the column is aligned vertically, and the hole is filled with concrete. If the pillars are hollow, then reinforcement is thrown inside and poured with concrete. To construct pillars made of brick and stone, the first 4 layers of masonry are placed on a layer of concrete, then a reinforcing belt needs to be made, bricks are laid again, and according to this algorithm, the pillars are raised to the required height.

Before making the tape, a sheathing is installed on the pillow, leveled, supported from the outside with struts, and pulled together with bars so that the base does not lose its geometry. A reinforcing frame is knitted into the sheathing; it is better to use corrugated rods with a cross-section of 8-12 mm, which are filled with concrete. When the concrete has stood, it takes approximately 7 days, the sheathing can be removed.

To construct the slab, after laying the cushion, several supports or stones 50 mm high are installed on the bottom, and a reinforcing mesh is placed on them. Cannot be used for slab foundations smooth reinforcement, only corrugated. After which the pit is filled with concrete.

How to correctly lay a reinforcing frame

Construction pile foundation It's better to leave it to professionals. But if you decide to screw in the piles yourself, then the main rule is that the pile must stand strictly vertically and be deepened 300 mm below the freezing level of the soil. If something goes wrong, then the pile should be unscrewed, and it cannot be screwed into this place again, only nearby.

Screw pile for a homemade extension

After installing any base, it is necessary to perform vertical waterproofing: coat the sides of the base with bitumen, or cover it with roofing felt, or you can insulate it by spraying a layer of polyurethane foam. At the end it's done backfilling soil, and you can start building a homemade porch.

How to do it right: to tie or not to tie foundations

Exploring regulations, to the question whether it is possible to connect two foundations, there is a definite answer: connecting two foundations with a rigid coupling is categorically not recommended. It is necessary to leave a gap of at least 20 mm between them, and it is better to fasten the structures so that the seam does not diverge, preferably with anchors or special hinged corners.

Photo of how to make a base coupling

But after reading reviews on numerous forums where craftsmen share their practical experience, we decided to describe one, the most popular way, how to make a rigid coupling of two independent foundations with your own hands. Before pouring the foundation for the porch, it is necessary to excavate the foundation of the house, clean it, and hollow out the concrete to the reinforcement. Next, perpendicular rods are tied to this reinforcement and released onto the foundation of the porch, and the reinforcing frame of the extension is attached to them. We illustrated ways to make ligaments correctly in the diagram below.

How to make a porch with your own hands, drawings of a rigid coupling

It must be said that this method of fastening foundations has had its ardent defenders, and no less ardent critics. But from the point of view of construction standards, such a connection can damage both foundations; firstly, the buildings have very different weight, heaving forces will act unevenly, which will lead to cracks. Secondly, a seam is formed due to the difference in the freshness of the concrete, which cannot ensure the integrity of the structure.

To summarize, a rigid connection of foundations is possible if, in the process of research and calculations, it is established that the foundation of the main house is built with a margin of safety, the foundation of a homemade porch is designed in accordance with current standards, and on the basis of geodetic and engineering studies. Among other conditions, it is important that shrinkage of the main structure has already occurred, and if precipitation washes out the soil under the base of the makeshift porch and it hangs, then its weight should not exceed the permissible loads (safety factor) on the main foundation.

The porch is considered important detail in the design of the house, since thanks to it the building takes on a stylish and cozy look. Today, modern design allows you to design both modest platforms that provide an entrance to the house, and luxurious options with stairs and access to the terrace. The construction of a porch is not particularly difficult, so you can do it yourself by first creating a project and choosing the appropriate material.

Peculiarities

The main touch in the construction of a residential building is the installation of a porch; it represents small extension located in front of the entrance to the building. The installation of this structure must be taken responsibly, since the overall appearance of the architectural structure from the street will depend on its design. Therefore, the porch is built simultaneously with the main building, so as not to disturb its uniform style.

You cannot do without a porch even when the layout of a private house includes a veranda or canopy. In order for this design to serve not only as a decoration for the house, but also to be durable in use, it must be built from high-quality materials and adhere to all rules and technologies.

The design of the porch is made taking into account the design features of the building and the type of foundation. To make it attractive and neat, it is recommended to install small areas that can be additionally covered and decorated with railings.

The design of the porch may be different, but regardless of its design and size, the main functions of the extension are considered to be:

aligning the entrance level with the base of the house;
protecting the premises from water, dirt and dust;
decorative design of the facade;
arrangement of space for storing things and for recreation;
thermal insulation of the home.

Types of structures

Every owner of a country home tries to make his home comfortable and beautiful, so when arranging it, great attention should be paid to the design of the porch. Before installing it, you need to decide on the dimensions and choose the building material for the work. For residential buildings located on a small plot of land, it is advisable to give preference to products that have minimal dimensions. That is, it is enough to provide access to the entrance by laying out steps that will correspond to the height of the foundation, and a small platform will be located directly in front of the door. If this option seems too modest, then you can expand the structure by several meters and place the exit along the wall of the building.

For owners of large houses, it is best to build a spacious porch and additionally equip it with a platform for a recreation area. This will create a chic terrace where you can spend time outdoors and welcome guests. In order for the extension to serve as a place to relax in any weather, you will need to cover the roof and install a heating system.

Today, many project options are used to build a porch, in which the structures differ from each other not only in size, design, but also in shape.

The following types of porch are distinguished by shape:

rectangular or square;
semicircular;
round;
non-standard;
L-shaped.

In addition, sites can be made closed or open. In the first case, the extension is complemented by windows and a roof, while in the other it has only handrails. If desired, the open porch can be equipped with a small canopy that will serve as protection from rain and sun. The most common type of porch is considered to be a medium-sized structure with a small canopy and steps, while the latter can be helical or straight. For houses in classic and modern style Extensions with columns that support a canopy are well suited; another popular type is a glazed porch; it gives the house an interesting and original design.

Foundation

The construction of a porch begins with the installation of its base. The foundation can be made in several ways, which depend on the size and type of design of the structure. Usually the porch is made in the form of a platform with steps or vertical posts, on which the visor is placed. For each version of such extensions, a different foundation is used, taking into account the type of support and soil characteristics.

As a rule, all developers provide for the construction of a foundation for the porch during the construction of the house. Therefore, a monolithic foundation is often laid. There are shallow and buried monolithic slabs; they are selected depending on the characteristics of the soil on the land plot. If The groundwater lie close to the surface of the earth, then the foundation is laid at the same depth as the foundation of a residential building. For stable and dense mail that is not oversaturated with moisture, you can get by with a small depth.

Monolithic base installed on reinforcing mesh or formwork made of edged boards. The walls of the formwork are hermetically sealed with a water-repellent coating, and the slabs are poured with concrete in layers. While the solution is drying, its surface must be protected from overdrying, otherwise it will crack. As a rule, complete “ripening” of concrete takes 4 weeks, after which it is ready for finishing.

The installation of a strip foundation, which is erected quickly and easily, also has enormous advantages. It is chosen under the porch, regardless of the terrain conditions. First, markings are made of the external and internal contours, between which a concrete strip will be installed. Then waterproofing is laid, a layer of sand and crushed stone is poured in, the resulting “cushion” is watered for several days and compacted well. After this, a reinforcing mesh is installed and concrete is poured layer by layer.

As for the columnar foundation, it is the most budget option for construction, as it requires minimal labor and does not require special materials. It is mounted on screw piles or pipes. First of all, prepare the area for the base, level it, clear it of debris, and make markings. Then a depression is formed in the ground where the pillars will be installed. After the supports are fixed, fill the hole with crushed stone and sand, and upon completion of the work, concrete is poured.

Material selection

The porch can be built from various materials, but most often wood and brick are used for this. Much less often, metal or a combination of brick and wood is used for construction.

Since not only the aesthetic appearance of the extension, but also its service life will depend on the choice of material, its features should be taken into account.

Brick. A porch built of brick is considered the simplest and most acceptable option for complementing a house, as it is strong, reliable, durable and fits in an original way with any architectural structure. Externally, the structure looks solid; during construction, it can be given any size and shape. When designing a brick porch, it is important to include a staircase and original railings, which can be made of brick or other material. This porch with a terrace extension looks beautiful.

Tree. Is the right choice For country house, built from logs or boards. Wood gives the decoration warmth and homeliness; it is considered an environmentally friendly raw material that reliably serves for decades. To extend the life of a wooden porch, it should be additionally treated with special protective equipment. In addition, this material opens up enormous possibilities for design creativity. For example, you can make carved railings from it and decorate the extension with wooden steps and balusters.

Metal. The metal porch is not used special demand. Such a structure can withstand temperature changes and does not rot, but it is difficult to install and there are restrictions in the choice of shapes and sizes. Therefore, most often the porch is made from profile pipe, which is combined with wood trim or install partitions from blocks. In addition to the above materials, structures are also made from foam blocks or sheathed with siding. A practical option It is considered a poured porch, which has a monolithic appearance and is suitable for any project.

How to do it yourself: step-by-step instructions

Once the material for the porch has been selected, construction of the structure can begin. To do this, first a detailed diagram of the extension is drawn and a work plan is created. The diagram must show a staircase with steps. In addition, before building a porch, it is important to think about the arrangement of its platform, which, depending on its purpose, can have a rounded or rectangular shape. We make the door strictly according to its location in the center of the staircase, while the landing can be attached in such a way that it has a second entrance to the backyard.

The manufacturing of the porch is carried out strictly according to the dimensions and parameters specified in the project. A residential building should be beautifully combined with this design, so its dimensions are selected in accordance with the size of the house and land plot. To properly strengthen the porch, a metal post is placed under the stairs, which acts as a support.

Made of wood

A wooden porch is constructed in the form separate extension to the house, which is secured with beams and posts. To do this, first they dig a hole in the soil, place supports and fill them level with screenings, after which the hole is filled with concrete, and the bottom of the wooden structure is treated with water-repellent impregnation. If the house is built of wood, top part It is best to decorate the frame of the platform with boards, and the bottom with siding or other material.

In addition to the wooden porch, steps are installed; there must be at least 3 of them; if the number of steps exceeds 5, then handrails will need to be installed. It is also important to correctly calculate the slope of the street stairs; as a rule, it is 25-30°. To make the staircase easy to use, it is advisable to make its steps large and wide. The staircase can be made of either wood or metal, it all depends on the features of the exterior decoration of the house. Installation of the stairs is simple: first of all, determine the location for the stringers, then fasten them on the sides and at the bottom.

Made of metal

Before installing a metal porch, you need to make design calculations, for which the height and length of the steps, as well as the angle of inclination of the stairs, are important. In addition, when drawing up a drawing, you should select the optimal width of the march, the height of the railings and the size of the platform. Typically, the angle of inclination of a staircase for a metal porch is chosen in the range from 23 to 45°, the height of its steps should not exceed 18 cm, and the length - 36 cm. In this case, the width of the staircase can be different - from 80 to 110 cm.

After the design diagram is ready, you should purchase a profile of a suitable size. For side sections stairs will do channel with a shelf height of 4 cm and a wall height of 8 cm. It is quite durable and it is easy to weld railing posts and steps to it. The frame for the platform can be made from steel angle, and for the steps, use steel 4 mm thick. In addition to the profiles, you will also need a profiled pipe 40x60 mm or 60x60 mm.

To accurately assemble the structure, it is recommended to use a special template, which is easy to make from OSB boards. This way you can correctly position and secure the parts using electric welding. In the event that there is no electric welding at hand, the elements are fixed using threaded connections. Before the beginning welding work prepare the support, the length of the racks is calculated so that it is sufficient for embedding into the foundation. Most often, a metal porch is installed rectangular shape, therefore the base of its platform should rest on four posts.

Made from concrete

Concrete porch differs from previous types of construction in that the height of its platform coincides with the level flooring in room. It is not recommended to make the porch too high or low, as this will create inconvenience when entering a residential building. Installation begins with preparing the site for construction. As a rule, the site is built simultaneously with the installation of the foundation and walls of the house. This simplifies the work process, and the extension is carried out to the finished wall reinforcement.

At the first stage of construction, the soil is leveled; for this, the upper layer earth, and the resulting base is well compacted, after which the formwork for the foundation is filled and made. In order for such a porch to reliably serve for many years, the concrete platform must be made perfectly level and the mortar must be poured in several layers. In this case, work should be carried out over the entire site at once, otherwise separate filling of sections can lead to the formation of seams and cracking of the surface. After the concrete has completely dried, it is additionally filled with a self-leveling screed. Thanks to this, the joints will be hidden and the coating will be smooth.

Made of brick

A brick porch is considered the most durable, but in order for the structure to really last for decades, you need to design it correctly and adhere to certain technologies when installing it. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that such a porch should be 1.5 times wider than the front door, and the height of the platform should not exceed 0.2 m. Installation of the structure begins with pouring the foundation, with concrete base be sure to fill it with crushed stone.

When the foundation is ready, you can begin laying out the finishing material. The brick should be laid on a previously prepared cement mortar. To protect the extension from moisture, additional waterproofing is done, which is applied in two layers to the foundation. After brickwork completed, they move on to installing the steps and finishing the base.

Finish and design

In order for the porch to originally complement the style of the house, it can be decorated various elements decor using a variety of color scheme and materials.

Today, designs designed in European style. Distinctive feature such a porch is considered to exist correct forms, clear lines and rigor of design. For decoration in this case they use facing tiles, make forged awnings and install lanterns.
Many owners of country houses also prefer French style, which is characterized by a large Entrance door made of glass and a huge number of flowerpots on the porch.

As for classic style, then the porch must have posts and railings, which are often painted in White color. An unusual solution will be the construction of a structure in the form of an arch; it will combine at the same time a gazebo and a porch. This romantic design is ideal for a brick house.
To surprise guests interesting option design, it is recommended to install a porch-patio, which is a terrace attached to the house open view. This design will serve as a convenient place for outdoor recreation and family dinners.
Huge demand in modern design Russian-style designs are also used; they harmoniously combine with the wooden decoration of the house, have large steps and are decorated with many carved patterns.

Beautiful examples

There are many design ideas, with the help of which even a primitive brick porch will acquire original look. To do this, the upper part of the structure is made of reinforced concrete, and the sides are lined with decorative bricks. The finishing touch to such a composition will be beautiful railings and lighting, thanks to which the entrance to the house will look very solemn.

In addition, the porch can be made in a semicircular shape, this will help smooth out straight lines and corners. The finishing in this case is best made of brick or natural stone, and the main highlight of the design will be the first step, laid out in a semicircle.

Country houses can be complemented with a porch of any shape and size, and it is recommended to choose trapezoidal type options; they will not only originally emphasize the beauty of the architectural building, but will also harmoniously fit into landscape design. The finishing of the structure can be done from any material, but decorative bricks and marbled tiles will look especially attractive.

For spacious cottages, the right solution would be a large porch attached to a terrace, on which you can equip both a summer area and arrange a place for storage. winter Garden. Similar design will act not only as a decorative element, but will also reliably protect the main building from negative impact climatic conditions. It is best to construct the structure from wood; it will fit into any style and give the building a homely feel. In addition, a porch with a terrace, decorated with both wood and stone, will look no less original. In this case, it is advisable to make the cladding from gray stone.

If the house is located on an uneven plot, then iron piles are used to build the porch, they take up little space and allow the structure to be placed along the facade. Thanks to this porch model, you can simultaneously create several levels in the form of platforms and terraces, and install a reversible staircase. Thanks to this, the entrance to the house will be comfortable, and the narrow extension will save space and arrange flowers or original lanterns.

A brick porch with wrought iron railings will be a real decoration for a country house. It is best to place the steps in a circle from the main platform, thus creating a small structure that provides entry from three sides. To protect the entrance from the sun and rain, you can additionally manufacture and install a metal canopy. In this case, the decor of the canopy should be completely repeated in the patterns of the railing.

A porch is a necessary architectural element, without which no building is unthinkable. Of course, the most correct solution is when the porch is provided at the design stage of the house, and the foundation for the porch to the house is laid at the same time as the foundation for the main building. But in practice, for a number of reasons, a porch is attached to a house with your own hands to a finished building.

Self-construction of a porch to a house, see photos of the most popular and beautiful solutions in the article, must be carried out in compliance with the rules and regulations that apply to the construction of additional extensions. Next, we will tell you in detail what kind of extensions there are, we will review the materials from which the porch of a private house is most often built with our own hands, and we will conduct a comparative analysis of construction technologies. We will pay special attention to the questions of what foundations are laid for a self-made building, how to make a foundation yourself, and how to properly attach a porch to an existing house.

General form

One of the basic rules of building a porch is that the design of the addition should be consistent with the exterior of the house. The most common option for making an aesthetically correct addition is to use the same materials from which the house is built to make the porch. But in construction there are extensions with an eclectic design, for example, a wooden porch is often attached to a structure made of concrete or stone. In such cases, it is important to maintain the proportions and shape of the independent extension so that it fits harmoniously into the overall appearance and dimensions of the house.

Before you build a porch for your house, you need to think about the design of the extension.

But besides aesthetics, the practical side of the issue is very important. A porch is a street extension that is constantly exposed to an aggressive environment and experiences systematic mechanical loads. Therefore, the material for home-made construction must be resistant to moisture, alkaline and acidic environments, corrosion, microorganisms, UV rays, fungi, rodents, fire-resistant and resistant to abrasion loads. Of course, not a single material, even the most innovative, can meet all the requirements without exception, so there is no universal recipe for what is best to make a porch from. Next, we will look at common materials for home-made construction, and analyze their main advantages and disadvantages.

Combinations of a log house with forging and tiles

Materials

A do-it-yourself porch, the photo in the gallery is a clear example of this, is most often built from wood, concrete, brick or metal. These materials for construction, with certain skills, are quite simple to work with, have a relatively low cost, and withstand physical, mechanical and chemical loads well, which is why they are so popular for constructing a porch.

How to build a porch out of wood

The most popular material for a homemade extension is wood. A do-it-yourself wooden porch can be perfectly combined with houses made of timber, rounded logs, brick, adobe, frame buildings, concrete plastered structures covered with siding, imitation wooden clapboard of all kinds.

To construct a porch, logs, laminated veneer lumber, and hardwood, mainly larch, are usually used. Of course, this is a fairly common material for home-made construction; wood is easy to install and does not require any special complex tools. And hardly anything can compare with the beauty and warmth of natural wood. In addition, the modern market of building materials for home-made extensions offers a huge selection of carved elements, figured balusters, railings, steps - all this opens up great prospects for beautiful building design.

How to make a porch with your own hands correctly, high structures are built if the house has a high base, and in snowy regions

They install a homemade wooden porch on a special foundation, it can be rubble stones for supports, a slab, a columnar or pile foundation. Before starting construction, all parts of the wooden elements that will be immersed in the ground must be treated with bitumen mastic, wrapped with roofing felt, and the seam sealed with a blowtorch. The choice of the type of base for arranging a porch depends on the design features of the extension, and of course, on the weight of the materials; we will talk about the nuances a little later.

DIY wooden porch, photo of a large extension

Depending on the design of the porch, the construction of a home-made extension begins with the construction of the upper platform, then a ladder is attached to it on stringers or on a bowstring, and then the installation of steps occurs. Finally, a canopy and fencing are added. As you can see, the technology for constructing a wooden porch is quite simple, but when arranging an extension, it is important to follow all stages of wood preparation, and then the finishing should be properly applied to protect the structure from external influences.

Homemade concrete porch

In general, concrete is a huge opportunity in the construction of homemade porches of various shapes. The plasticity of the material allows you to make not only rectangular, but also semicircular, oval, broken, and curved structures with your own hands. Concrete home-made extensions fit into even the most complex exterior of a house without any problems, since they can be faced with various materials, including tiles, stone, porcelain stoneware, simply painted, or special steps made of sculptural concrete can be installed, which, depending on the treatment, can imitate granite, malachite, marble, etc.

How to make a porch for a house, photo of a large homemade terrace

After the foundation pit has been made and a sand and gravel cushion has been laid to give the shape of the homemade porch, formwork is made from boards, plywood, and plastic. A reinforcing frame is knitted into the sheathing, which is filled with concrete. But it is also possible to lay ready-made concrete blocks in the lathing, which are fastened together and only then filled with mortar. Monolithic construction of a porch is cheaper; in addition to purchasing ready-made blocks, they still need to be delivered, unloaded, laid, and for this, if you are not a descendant of the three heroes, you will need special equipment.

Concrete structures cannot be loaded until the mortar is completely formed, and this takes 28 days. In addition, to install a porch in winter, you will need a special frost-resistant solution or heating cables, which will significantly increase the cost of a homemade extension. Any violations of the pouring technology will lead to inevitable destruction and deformation of the porch.

Construction of a concrete porch with a semi-closed wooden canopy

How to make a porch from metal

When considering the question of how to make a metal porch with your own hands, first of all, it should be noted that its construction is possible only on a pile foundation.

How to make a porch with your own hands, a homemade frame option

Of course, if there is an urgent need, other foundation options are possible if the site has rocky soil, or your country house is located in a permafrost zone. For example, slab or strip, but this is not always advisable, so sometimes it is better, and cheaper, to consider options for building home-made extensions from other materials. Pile foundations are always buried below the soil freezing level by 20-30 cm, and this level depends on the climate zone.

It should be noted that a homemade porch, made of high-quality rolled metal and treated with anti-corrosion compounds, has a long life of safe operation. In addition, homemade metal porches go well with elegant forging, with polycarbonate canopies, etc. A metal porch can be cut along the posts and moved to another location; no extension made from any other material can boast of such an advantage.

Do-it-yourself porch at the dacha, a simple way to make an extension on a metal frame

Other materials for building a homemade porch

When talking about building a porch with your own hands, it is impossible not to mention materials such as brick and foam blocks. For the construction of the extension, it is recommended to use backfill red or white silicate brick. It is very convenient that the total height of the two bricks is equal to the height of the step; this circumstance greatly facilitates the laying.

Advice: When building a porch with your own hands, so that the extension is strong and reliable, cover the seams of the first layer with a whole part of bricks or blocks of the next row.

How to build a porch with your own hands, an extension made of sand-lime brick

After completion of the masonry, finishing of the porch will be required. Which material to choose for cladding depends on the design and budget for the porch. It should be noted that a home-made porch made of brick is actually more expensive than home-made extensions made of concrete and wood, but you can use brick that has already been used. Building a porch from foam blocks with your own hands requires much less time and financial costs, but cellular concrete absorbs moisture well, which can be detrimental during rainy autumn and severe frosts in winter.

We invite you to watch a video on how to make a porch with your own hands; the video will help you avoid basic mistakes in construction.

How to make the right foundation

The foundation is an important component of any structure; it is a kind of guarantor of the reliability and safe operation of the structure, be it the construction of a multi-story building or a homemade wooden porch.

The choice of the type of foundation directly depends on the geodetic conditions on the site, and on the design of the extension, where the weight is calculated and the design features of the porch are indicated; the load from the extension should be distributed evenly.

How to fill a porch with your own hands, a slab for an extension

For example, a pile foundation is suitable for swampy areas. But if you analyze the construction of St. Petersburg, which is all located on swamps, then the ancient houses in this city are installed on a slab, but meanwhile they have been standing for more than one century. Or pyramids located on quicksand, also all entirely installed on slabs. Therefore, no matter what type of foundation is chosen for a home porch, the main thing is to strictly follow the technology when constructing and pouring it.

Kinds

DIY porch, photo of a strip foundation for a large extension

How to make a columnar foundation

It is not so easy to build a pile foundation with your own hands. Firstly, the piles must be installed strictly vertically, and secondly, to drive a pile, considerable strength is needed, therefore, in order to install piles even under a homemade extension, the use of special equipment will be required. There are driven and screw piles with special blades at the end, they are installed around the perimeter and under the supporting structures at a distance of 2 m from each other, after installation they are connected to each other along the heads with a grillage: concrete tape, timber or metal channel.

How to make a slab for a veranda

Types

Depending on the depth, foundations can be shallow - up to 500 mm, shallow - 700 mm, buried 200-300 mm below the soil freezing level.

Shallow foundations can be columnar, slab and strip foundations. The slab can only be shallow or shallow. The pile foundation is made exclusively buried.

How to make a strip base with an open contour

How to make a base for a porch

To construct the slab, after laying the cushion, several supports or stones 50 mm high are installed on the bottom, and a reinforcing mesh is placed on them. For a slab foundation, you cannot use smooth reinforcement, only corrugated reinforcement. After which the pit is filled with concrete.

How to correctly lay a reinforcing frame

It is better to entrust the construction of a pile foundation to professionals. But if you decide to screw in the piles yourself, then the main rule is that the pile must stand strictly vertically and be deepened 300 mm below the freezing level of the soil. If something goes wrong, then the pile should be unscrewed, and it cannot be screwed into this place again, only nearby.

Screw pile for a homemade extension

After installing any base, it is necessary to perform vertical waterproofing: coat the sides of the base with bitumen, or cover it with roofing felt, or you can insulate it by spraying a layer of polyurethane foam. At the end, the soil is backfilled, and you can begin building a homemade porch.

How to do it right: to tie or not to tie foundations

Studying the regulatory documents, the question of whether it is possible to connect two foundations, there is a definite answer: connecting two foundations with a rigid coupling is categorically not recommended. It is necessary to leave a gap of at least 20 mm between them, and it is better to fasten the structures so that the seam does not diverge, preferably with anchors or special hinged corners.

Photo of how to make a base coupling

How to make a porch with your own hands, drawings of a rigid coupling

It must be said that this method of fastening foundations has had its ardent defenders, and no less ardent critics. But from the point of view of construction standards, such a connection can damage both foundations; firstly, the buildings have very different weights, heaving forces will act unevenly, which will lead to cracks. Secondly, a seam is formed due to the difference in the freshness of the concrete, which cannot ensure the integrity of the structure.

Articles By topic:

How and how much to bake beef Baking meat in the oven is popular among housewives. If all the rules are followed, the finished dish is served hot and cold, and slices are made for sandwiches. Beef in the oven will become a dish of the day if you pay attention to preparing the meat for baking. If you don't take into account	Why do the testicles itch and what can you do to get rid of the discomfort? Many men are interested in why their balls begin to itch and how to eliminate this cause. Some believe that this is due to uncomfortable underwear, while others think that it is due to irregular hygiene. One way or another, this problem needs to be solved.
Why do eggs itch? Why do eggs itch?	Minced meat for beef and pork cutlets: recipe with photo Schemes for launching spacecraft Orbits of artificial Earth satellites

1 2 3 Ptuf 53 · 10-09-2014 The union is certainly good. but the cost of removing 1 kg of cargo is still prohibitive. Previously, we discussed methods of delivering people into orbit, but I would like to discuss alternative methods of delivering cargo to rockets (agree with

2024-04-21 02:23:23	Popular
2024-04-14 02:26:43	Grilled fish is the most delicious and aromatic dish
2024-04-13 02:40:32	Yu. Andreev - Live Journal! Andreev Yu.A. Yuri Andreev: biography
2024-04-12 02:26:50	Master class for teachers on the topic “Creating electronic tests”; methodological development on technology on the topic
2024-04-10 02:23:37	Master class for teachers on the topic “Creating electronic tests”; methodological development on technology on the topic
2024-04-08 02:21:43	The benefits and harms of protein for the body
2024-04-05 02:30:06	Miller's dream book: distinctive features and characteristic features See dream book interpretation of Miller's dreams
2024-04-05 02:30:06	Elder Pavel (Gruzdev) Elder Archimandrite Pavel Gruzdev
2024-04-01 02:23:38	Recipes for lavash rolls with different fillings (photo)
2024-03-31 02:28:43	The structure of the molecule of ice and water vapor drawing

New

2024-03-29 02:26:33	Ivan Krylov the best fables for children Various fables are interesting and easy to read
2024-03-29 02:26:33	Meatballs with gravy in a frying pan
2024-03-28 06:32:57	Organs of flowering plants Plant organs and their functions presentation
2024-03-28 06:32:57	Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye Temple of the Ascension of the Lord Great Ascension
2024-03-26 02:24:23	The Life of Saint Veronica in Orthodoxy
2024-03-24 02:29:32	An interesting story about yourself (All about myself)
2024-05-31 02:21:07	How and how long to bake beef
2024-05-23 02:16:29	Why do the testicles itch and what can you do to get rid of the discomfort?
2024-05-10 02:22:08	Minced meat for beef and pork cutlets: recipe with photo
2024-05-02 02:14:23	Schemes for launching spacecraft Orbits of artificial Earth satellites
2024-04-21 02:23:23	Popular
2024-04-14 02:26:43	Grilled fish is the most delicious and aromatic dish