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Floor from scratch in the apartment. Repairing wooden floors in an apartment with your own hands. Video - Wooden flooring with insulation

The most used and worn part of the room is the floor. In this regard, floor repair is a procedure that requires a thorough and meaningful approach. How to repair floors in an apartment, what to pay attention to and how to avoid unnecessary expenses, we will consider below.

Assessing the complexity and capital of work

Open up the old coating and determine the scope of work

Before you start purchasing building materials to repair the floor, you need to decide what condition the coating is in now, and clearly understand what quality of floor you want to receive at the end of the process.

To do this, it is necessary to open the floor covering and assess the condition of the screed. If this is a new building, then there are fewer problems, the screed is visible and its quality is quite easy to assess. Repairing floors in an old apartment may include dismantling cement screed.

In addition, when starting to repair a wooden floor in an apartment with your own hands, it is worth assessing the condition of the final floor covering: it is required complete replacement or partial reconstruction is possible.

As a rule, high-quality wooden floors made of boards or parquet are not replaced entirely, but only the completely damaged elements are restored and replaced.

This is explained primarily by the high cost of the material and the ability to carry out patch or segmental repairs of the floor.

Let's look at two situations:

• floor repairs, including restoration concrete screed;
• restoration wooden floors.

Major repairs of flooring

Hydro- and thermal insulation can be laid on the dried screed

Having removed the top finishing coating and assessed the condition of the screed, you have come to the conclusion that the concrete base requires replacement. To fill a new screed you must:

• dismantle the old base to the floor slabs;
• thoroughly clean the floor surface from debris;
• carry out waterproofing measures by treating the base with a deep penetration primer;
• cover the floor with film overlapping the walls and secure it with damper tape;
• pour concrete screed;
• ideally level the base with finishing fill.

After the screed has dried, you can carry out work on any type of device flooring. Between thin decorative coating and a concrete base, it is necessary to lay a waterproofing film and thermal insulation material. This will extend the life of the coating, significantly reduce heating costs and postpone the next floor repair.

A new screed can be arranged in several ways, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Screed type	Advantages	Flaws
Liquid pouring of concrete or cement mortar	Ease of operation, the most economical and familiar option.	A long drying period, during which further work on the floor cannot be carried out
Self-leveling floors based on dry construction mixtures	Convenient to mix, easy to fill and level, their drying period is a maximum of 10 days. There are self-leveling liquid floors and repairs in this case will not require much effort at all: there is no need for leveling. The result of the floor repair will please you - a perfectly flat, durable surface.	Cost of material: the price of SSM floors is quite high, and the volume required for purchase will be large.
Dry screed	It will be a solution for repairing floors in old houses. The light weight of the material will not add load to the floors, but will provide additional heat and sound insulation.	Cannot be used on sloped floors. In addition, dry screed is not recommended for use in rooms with high humidity.

Reconstruction of an old screed

If the concrete base of the floor, in general, has no complaints, and there is only a need cosmetic repairs small cracks and chips, then the following work must be carried out:

• clean cracks from debris and dust,
• treat the surface with a primer;
• fill the crack with cement mortar with the addition of plasticizers;
• wait for complete setting;
• Clean the surface level with the floor.

In a situation where restoration is carried out old screed It is still better to fill in the finishing leveling coating, 0.5 - 1 cm thick, in order to avoid unpleasant surprises when laying decorative floor coverings.

Restoration of wooden floors

In the situation with cement floors, everything is clear. But when faced with renovations in old houses, owners are wondering: how to repair the wooden floor in an apartment? This type of flooring has its own specifics both in the design technology and in working with the material.

Wooden covering repair

The procedure for repairing wooden floors in an apartment should start from the base, namely by checking the condition of the logs. Wooden floors on joists, many builders believe ideal option for flooring:

• no concrete screed required;
• quick time the floor is ready for use;
• additional thermal insulation.

Replace old logs with new ones

If the logs are rotten, they must be dismantled and new ones installed. At the beginning of the work, it is necessary to get rid of defects in the ceiling by filling all the cracks. Then lay down the waterproofing material and proceed to installing the joists.

For the guides, timber up to 7 cm thick is used. When installing the logs, strictly observe the horizontal level. To simplify the process, place the two outer logs, stretch the beacon between them and bring the rest to the specified height.

After installing the logs, thermal insulation material is laid between them. It could be slab insulation, filling with expanded clay or foaming.

Next, a finishing coating is applied to the joists. The plank flooring is laid on the guides and secured. The sheet covering is installed offset to properly distribute the load. When installing joists under sheet materials it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the plate. To learn how to replace rotten floors, watch this video:

The timber must be installed with such frequency that when installing the sheet, its surface hits at least 3 guides.

Scheme of a wooden floor

The procedure for installing flooring sheets on joists:

• surface wooden elements treated with an antiseptic and fireproof solution;
• outer side plywood sheet soaked in hot drying oil;
• sheets are laid out offset;
• secure the plywood with self-tapping screws into the joists; seal the joining seams with putty or tape.

If two layers of plywood are laid, then the second one is fastened with self-tapping screws with additional lubrication reverse side glue. In this case, the sheets are laid perpendicularly.

Partial replacement of plank floors

If wooden joists V good condition, then it is necessary to replace the finishing coating material. In such a situation, floor repairs proceed according to the following scenario:

• we sand the boards, removing paint to assess the condition of the wood;
• we select material suitable for further use;
• dismantle rotten sections of the floor;
• we strengthen suitable boards, fasten them to the joists with self-tapping screws, and bury old nails;
• restore the evenness of the surface using putty;
• we install new boards on damaged areas;
• we go over the floor with a sanding machine;
• we clean the boards with a brush, vacuum, make wet cleaning, let the wood dry for at least 12 hours;
• paint or varnish. Watch this video for more details:

All the work is not complicated and does not require special skills, so anyone can repair wooden floors with their own hands.

Floor repair is one of the most complex and time-consuming finishing processes for any room. However, it is possible to repair the floor yourself. The whole point of such a large-scale event is to carry out the work in stages - this approach is necessary both in cases where there is an old floor covering and in the case of its absence in the new apartment.

Repairing the floor in an apartment with your own hands is a long-term task. In our article we will talk about the types of coatings and the features of their installation, from parquet to tiles, and also show the variations of heated floors, consider the positive and negative sides of each to facilitate the selection process and save your time.

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Of course you saw perfect lawn in the cinema, on the alley, and perhaps on the neighbor’s lawn. Those who have ever tried to grow a green area on their site will no doubt say that it is a huge amount of work. The lawn requires careful planting, care, fertilization, and watering. However, only inexperienced gardeners think this way; professionals have long known about the innovative product - liquid lawn AquaGrazz.

Preliminary preparation and assessment of the scope of work

Before starting work, everyone thinks about the type and type of building material, taking into account the design conditions of the future interior. Depending on this choice, the sequence of actions changes preparatory work, installation, time and financial costs.

In addition to the main parameters for selection, there are narrowly focused tasks. For example, the priority may be environmental friendliness, naturalness or increased wear resistance. The level of the estimated budget allocated for the renovation of the apartment in general, and for the floor in particular, is taken into account.

Sometimes the key point for determining a particular type of coating may be the conditions and features of the initial state of the surface.

Whatever the reasons that forced you to undertake repairs, the start of your actions is the same: conducting a full analysis of the condition of the flooring. To do this, all furniture is removed from the workroom, and the baseboard is dismantled as necessary. Then comes assessment and planning. future work, calculation of area and amount of finishing material required.

Typically, builders created floor coverings in new buildings according to the classical scheme. To the surface interfloor covering Expanded clay was poured in, then everything was filled with cement mortar. In some cases, a layer of thermal insulation was laid before the finishing stage. It is possible that the basic parameters of this floor remained quite satisfactory. This means that the new coating can be laid on top.

In this situation, you are lucky and you will significantly reduce the time and labor intensity of the process. If the floorboards creak, have an angle of inclination, bulge in places and have large cracks, naturally, dismantling is necessary. Such degenerative changes also affect the cement screed itself.

Quality cement mortar directly affects this process. There may be a grinding sound from separated sand particles, even instability of the chipped fragment.

Other varieties and types of flooring in city apartments may not have an additional cement screed. In one of the options, the flooring is made directly onto the reinforced concrete slab of the interfloor floor. In other cases, they use a base and put materials on it.

As a base, logs are used, fixed to a reinforced concrete base of the floors. Typical defects that occur over time are deck instability. Wooden floorboards creak, move relative to each other, cracks form and even smell rot. In the future, wooden boards may break and fall. It should be noted that the installation of coatings on joists is still carried out in some cases.

Repairing floors in an apartment, possible options:

Parquet floor

Parquet flooring has firmly established itself as a sought-after product in the building materials market. The fashion for it has existed for centuries. This interior element meets all environmental requirements. Of course, over time, this product has undergone a number of design changes and improvements.

On this moment it is most often sold in blocks of combined fragments, as opposed to the piece elements used to compose the design earlier. It may be based various breeds wood, including particularly valuable ones such as maple, ash, beech or oak. This is where the price comes from, which is far from budget-friendly. This coating is considered solid and looks the part. In addition to the price category, parquet requires special care.

A more budget-friendly alternative to renovating the floors in your apartment are options parquet board. The basis of this floor also consists of natural wood. It features an easier installation process and simple operation.

Laminate coating

In essence, this is a modern finishing product that imitates the surface of natural wood. Constructed from highly durable multi-directional layers, the last of which is decorative paper. This finishing layer recreates the pattern of a particular wooden board. The paper with the image is protected by a special resin composition. In addition, the composition includes two layers of moisture-protective agents.

There are several classifications of laminate.

• household class;
• commercial grade;
• semi-commercial class.

For decorative properties:

• with a shiny surface;
• with a matte surface;
• with a smooth surface;
• with a relief surface.

Let us add that laminate flooring in the store is presented not only with visual reproduction wooden parquet. There are imitation stonework, tiles and absolutely decorative designs.

The main advantages of laminate are its particular ease and speed of installation, a huge selection of interior solutions and a low price category. A performance have a very high level.

Linoleum

Everyone knows this name. Very for a long time it was the most popular and widespread building material. First of all, because of the simple and quick installation, accessible to everyone. Currently, unlike the first models, linoleum is absolutely harmless to health. The composition may contain polyurethane foam. None special care such a floor is not required. Wear resistance and service life are very high, it is not affected by moisture.

The design of linoleum can also imitate other types of flooring, from parquet to ceramic tiles. Of course, there are also simply color or decorative designs. The main features are instant installation and dismantling. Often used in office spaces and public places.

Tile

This finishing material is indispensable for technical buildings, rooms with high levels of humidity or even swimming pool floors. The size, texture, design and color palette are endless. It copes well with aggressive conditions and is incredibly durable. The price category varies greatly depending on the properties and complexity of the decor. However, this is not the most quick way repair and decorate the floor. The main feature is the high requirements for preliminary leveling of the working surface.

Self-leveling floor

A modern type of finishing that is gradually gaining popularity. Can be used as a base for the above types of flooring or independently. Can create the most complex decorative effects, which other building materials are not capable of, even 3D illustrations and photographs, which are finally covered with a layer polymer resins. It copes well with all types of loads and does not require special care. The most non-standard type of floor at the moment.

Other types of flooring

The well-known tatami can serve as a historical example. Distributed mainly in Japan, it gave impetus to the emergence of similar coatings. Various natural mats are now used in all kinds of domestic interiors. Tatami and mats are absolutely environmentally friendly and pleasant for bare feet.

Warm floor or floor with heated effect

As the name suggests, this involves heating the floor surface. It can serve as a self-sufficient heating unit for an apartment or as part of a heating complex. Adds a special feeling of coziness and comfort to the room, protects the health of children. Can be auxiliary element in highly specialized rooms such as a bathroom, toilet or hallway. Indispensable for comfort in an insulated balcony or loggia attached to a room.

Types of heated floors:

1. Cable structure of the heat supply system.
2. Film structure of the system.
3. Water structure of the system.

Installation of the insulation system can be done under almost any type of flooring. Some people install it as a replacement battery in the room, eliminating the need for a radiator.

Simple ways to insulate floors

In some regions of Russia, such additional thermal insulation is not just a convenience, but a necessity. Among other things, it helps prevent the accumulation of excess moisture. Accordingly, it prevents the formation of mold and mildew in the room, which preserves the durability and harmlessness of the space. We list ways to insulate the floor:

1. Additional layer mineral wool or glass wool. Can be combined with moisture-insulating and vapor-insulating materials.
2. Expanded polystyrene combined with moisture-proofing material. When choosing this product, it is important to cover all joints and seams mortar like putty.
3. Liquid polyurethane foam. Sprayed to create a monolithic layer. Excellently maintains room temperature.
4. Fiberboards, that is, fiberboard sheets. All seams and joints are also processed here.
5. Choosing specialized thick linoleum. Such a product is already created based on an additional level of thermal insulation.

When repairing your floor, it is important to do all the work efficiently. Errors and violations of process technology can lead to swelling, displacement and other unpleasant consequences. Choosing quality materials, you gain peace and confidence in your home.

Basic interior issues include deciding how to make floors in an apartment, which determines general style each of the rooms.

Not only the artistic part is important, but also resistance to wear, ease of cleaning, environmental friendliness and simply a feeling of comfort underfoot.

The desired effect will be achieved by choosing a material that matches its characteristics and following the technology of its installation.

Basic elements of the device

Repair the concrete base before finishing the floor

Regardless of the decision of how to cover the floor in the apartment, whether new floors are laid or the floor in the apartment is replaced with your own hands, the work begins from the concrete base.

The slab floor may already have a high-quality screed, otherwise you will have to make it - concrete large differences and fill it with a self-leveling compound. Horizontal plane will give confident support to all areas and layers of future beautiful floors.

If the floors are not insulated, it is necessary to install insulation

The structure of the floor for an apartment is a sequential alternation of the following levels:

• concrete floor slab;
• waterproofing (for bathroom, kitchen, toilet);
• thermal insulation (at the same time performing the task of sound insulation);
• floor covering (includes additional technological accessories - plinth, ventilation grates for wooden floors on joists).

Determine which floor in the room is best to make ( PVC tiles or parquet) is necessary for each room separately, depending on its purpose. A children's room, a bedroom, a corner for sports activities differ in the loads and intensity of impact on the entire structure down to the very foundation.

Security level

An important step in the work is to calculate what to lay on the screed under the selected floor, what material is best to use as insulation.

Each species has certain characteristics, including minimum thickness, in which they appear in standard values ​​and determine which floors are best made in the apartment.

Consider the brand and type of insulation under various options Floor finishing needs to meet the following characteristics:

• thermal conductivity (an important indicator for the first floors, cottages with non-residential basement levels with low air temperatures);
• recommended thickness;
• noise absorption;
• water absorption coefficient, vapor permeability;
• fire resistance;
• weight, ability to withstand load (density);
• application technology, consumption per 1 m², amount of waste;
• health safety.

The difference in floor levels between rooms is not desirable (not safe) with the exception of sanitary and hygienic premises in which it is provided building codes in case of water spill accidents.

Material

Combine foamed polyethylene with other materials

Before you make the floor in an apartment with your own hands, you need to calculate the expected effect in comparison with the budget and the availability of the selected material for preparation. different kinds finishes:

In rooms where you plan to install ceramic tiles, it is advisable to use “warm floor” technology.

Surface layer

With all the variety of coatings, you need to figure out which floors are best made for each specific situation (concrete floor or parquet).

So, what to use to cover the floor, what room the material will correspond to, is chosen from the following basic positions:

• wooden board;
• parquet;
• ceramic or polymer tiles;
• laminate;
• linoleum;
• carpet;
• cork sheet.

A visual comparison of performance indicators can be seen from the table:

Submitted flooring materials can cover concrete, wooden base, lined with sheets of plywood or moisture-resistant plasterboard. Manufacturers produce products for finishing floors in apartments that have a variety of color solutions, texture, patterns and entire compositions, panels.

Linoleum

The modern manufacturer offers wide choose colors and properties of this finishing material

It is one of the most popular coatings today. Easy to install, waterproof, enough affordable price, the range has a wide variety in color and pattern. It can be insulated with fiber substrates, made on a foamed bottom layer, so that it can be immediately laid on the concrete floor in the apartment.

The material is quite soft, subject to residual deformation from heavy objects, needs to be treated with care. Of all the options for covering a finished base, this is the fastest.

Linoleum is made using a natural or polymer base. According to its intended purpose, it is divided into 2 types: commercial (intensive loads in office, industrial buildings) and household (non-commercial).

When comparing which flooring to choose, the first type wins in terms of wear resistance, but you need to pay attention to the fact that it was not originally designed for small rooms with poor ventilation.

The commercial type has a higher content of harmful components, so it is not recommended for use in residential areas.

Laminate flooring

Laminate slabs imitate any texture and color

Natural wood has been replaced by multilayer floor finishing artificial board with improved performance characteristics. The texture and pattern successfully imitate parquet, stone, valuable species wood and much more.

At the same time, laminate is much more affordable and easier to install than parquet. Standard size is 0.25×1.5 m, the design is prudently equipped with locks that connect the slats into the overall picture of a beautiful floor. The typesetting surface without breaks in area can reach up to 100 m².

For rooms for various purposes When asked which floor to choose, use a material of the appropriate strength class (marked with a two-digit number starting with 2 for domestic needs or 3 for commercial).

Carpet

It is a common decision when choosing which flooring is best for a recreation area or children's (play) room. The fabric is made from synthetic and natural threads.

The pile may be long or absent, like a rug. Rubber, felt or jute are used as the base.

The carpet structure can wrinkle under load, become clogged with dirt, and absorb liquids. Carpet requires careful handling, thorough maintenance and cleaning. Therefore, they should not be used in the hallway or in the kitchen, but rather placed in the living room or bedroom.

Cork covering

Available in 2 types: decorative and technical (for substrate). Available in roll and slab versions. Watch this video about the pros and cons of cork flooring:

Cork has a full range of desirable qualities in all respects, except price. The material is environmentally friendly, has excellent thermal resistance, low sound conductivity, mechanical strength at low thickness.

The roll is unrolled, cut to size, and placed on a base prepared with adhesive. The slab is laid end to end. When laying directly on a concrete floor, a softening underlay is needed to prevent pressure from small particles.

When the apartment has an ugly, shabby floor, the whole impression is good repair or beautiful furniture will be lost. But such work - replacing the floor covering - is a very labor-intensive process, which is not easy to decide on. But a simple change of decorative coating will only give the result of a cosmetic update. Invisible processes will continue and, as a result, you will have to spend much more effort and money to restore the damaged coating. Let's consider the algorithm in detail repair work floors in the home, the procedure for carrying out the procedure on your own.

How to repair the floor in an apartment on a concrete base

If the floor covering is laid not on logs, but on a concrete base, pay attention to the advice of specialists. If the floor covering is worn out and requires replacement, then it is necessary to carry out the following manipulations:

• Whatever material the floor is based on, damaged fragments must be removed. If it's linoleum, there's a fun way to make a patch out of the new one. To do this, the old piece must be attached to the roll and the patch cut along the border.
• Any tile that moves or has fallen off should be removed.
• The places from which damaged fragments were removed must be cleared of debris and dust. Carefully, using auxiliary tools, clean the surface of old material.
• The substrate may be damaged, in which case it is necessary to prepare a new solution and troubleshoot the problem.
• After the concrete has dried, you can lay patches, be it linoleum, tiles or other material. For this, glue, mortar or other necessary mixture is used.

Sometimes it happens that the entire concrete base requires restoration. In this case, it is necessary to perform a screed. If the surface concrete base uneven, lumpy, then it should be leveled, this will affect the finishing coating and ruin it. Linoleum will become unusable and may tear, repeating the bends concrete covering, the tile will wobble due to different levels floor.

Methods for repairing the floor in an apartment

To avoid such troubles, you should level the surface of the concrete slabs on which the floor covering will be laid. This should be done like this:

• first you need to remove the old coating, if any, the substrate, residues construction waste and dust;
• ideally, the base of the floor must be waterproofed, it is laid overlapping and strengthened along the walls;
• if you do not use waterproofing, you need to consider this important point - concrete mortar should be poured onto a pre-moistened surface, this will allow the material to “grab” better;
• when leveling the surface, to make it ideally even, beacons and a building level should be used;
• After the concrete surface has dried, it is covered with any material.

When repairing a wooden floor covering, it is necessary to inspect the entire floor and remove damaged boards. The floor area is treated with special solutions against fungus; those places that are exposed to moisture are protected from water using special waterproofing materials. If cracks have formed as a result of the wood drying out, the following work must be done:

• grind the surface with special equipment;
• prime and clean the cracks;
• cover the floor surface with nitro varnish;
• After the solution has dried, cover it with a finishing substance.

If laminate or ceramic tiles have become unusable, you should try to disguise minor damage. A wax pencil can restore scratches on laminate flooring. Specially developed pastes mask minor defects. If the laminate is swollen or damaged, it must be replaced. If chips and cracks form on the tiles, you can try to apply cement laitance and hide the defects. But if the damage is significant and affects the aesthetic appearance of the room, the tiles need to be replaced.

When repairing linoleum on your own, you must remember that it is possible to repair the floor surface of such a material.

If the linoleum is swollen, cracked or torn, you can do this:

• inject glue with a syringe into the damaged area;
• place the load and let it sit for several days;
• If the result is not satisfactory, replace the area with a new one.

If the carpet fails, spare parts should be used:

• cut out the damaged area, glue a patch;
• the edges are treated with special glue to prevent fraying;
• Ideally, it is worth considering the pattern and direction of the fibers.

For stone flooring, the following steps must be taken:

• cracks and chips are leveled using grinding equipment, after which the surface is polished;
• polishing helps make the coating protected from dirt;
• You can perform such actions with the result when the cracking depth is no more than half a centimeter.

Complete replacement of the floor in the apartment

If you have decided to completely replace the floor covering in your apartment and even change the material, pay attention to a new product on the construction market - OSB panels. Replacement wooden version from boards to floors made from this material is a fairly practical result. Floor coverings made from OSB boards deserve attention, as the flooring is of high quality, durable and practical. The surface is not afraid of moisture and does not accumulate it inside. Using plates, you can achieve the following result:

• perfectly level the surface, which allows you to use any, even the most delicate and sensitive coating;
• high sound insulation allows you to absorb noise;
• two tasks are solved simultaneously - insulation and waterproofing are performed.

Use OSB boards It is possible both on a cement floor and on logs. Coating with the material is not difficult. The panels are easy to cut to required sizes. To work, you should prepare the following tool:

• plane;
• rubber hammer;
• building level;
• electromill.

Plates can be the finishing surface or base for any material.

The advantage of using OSB boards is:

• ease of operation;
• one slab can cover large area rooms;
• speed of laying the coating;
• resistance to mechanical stress.

Instructions for repairing the floor in an apartment

After deciding to replace the floor or its major renovation, it is necessary to determine the scale of work and the plan of repair measures. If we are talking about replacing the floor surface in an apartment, it should be noted that the basis is a reinforced concrete floor slab. Then there may be differences: in some apartments the floor covering is located on joists, in others it is laid on a concrete screed.

Wooden floors are susceptible to decay and wear. The first manifestations are considered to be creaking, “loosening” of some boards, there may be a smell of dampness, and gaps between fragments of the floor.

Not only the top coating can deteriorate, but also the screed, especially if the quality of the work was not the best high level. An extraneous sound may appear when moving, or the coating may “walk.”

A set of manifestations indicate the need for gender replacement.

Repair work on wood flooring

Provided that the coating defects are minor, you can partially replace the floor material:

• The surface is cleaned of the old layer of paint or varnish. This is easier to do with the help of a special technique - a grinding machine.
• Damaged boards should be removed.
• After this, the entire floor surface is checked for quality nailing. They pull out old, deformed boards so that the boards hold well; it is recommended to use self-tapping screws.
• If there are small distances between the boards, the cracks are sealed with putty for wooden surfaces, you can cover where the nails go into the base of the floor.
• If the gaps are large, you can fill the gaps with wood chips, cover them with putty, and rub the restoration area.
• After drying putty material, floors are sanded manually or using a machine.
• When the work is completed, the floor surface is covered with paint or varnish.

Do-it-yourself floor repair when floorboards creak

You can restore the floor in an apartment, provided that the floorboards are fastened together, in the following way:

• first you need to listen to which area of ​​the room the creaking is heard;
• between the board and the beam you need to hammer in wedges;
• this must be done carefully so as not to loosen the floorboard;
• a place for screws is drilled in the floorboards, they are screwed at a slight angle and the beam is screwed in;
• These manipulations can get rid of annoying squeaking.

If you only need to restore appearance coating, this can be done quickly and easily:

• if it is not possible to remove the furniture and vacate the room, the repair work will be carried out in two stages: first on one side of the room, then the furniture is moved to the renovated part of the room and the second half of the room is repaired;
• Now you need to use a machine for scraping the floor, there is no point in buying equipment just for once, you can rent it for the duration of the work;
• you can do this work manually, but you will spend a lot of effort, time and sandpaper;
• after sealing small seams and final leveling, I varnish the cleanly wiped and dry floor;
• It is recommended to use two to three layers of varnish, first allow time for the layer to dry.

Partial restoration of the floor in the apartment will allow you to get rid of the defect and not spend a lot of time on its elimination.

Removing old flooring

Before starting work, it is necessary to empty the room completely: remove furniture, remove paintings, and, if possible, lamps and chandeliers. The work is very dusty and if it is carried out in stages, then reliable and hermetically sealed dust protection should be provided for other rooms. It’s good if the room has a door, but it is advisable to cover it with an additional damp cloth and place a roller underneath. This will help protect the rest of the rooms a little from the spread of dust. This will not have any particular effect, and if other family members live in the apartment, it is better to move them to another place during the renovation work.

The procedure for dismantling the floor covering is as follows:

• in the room from which the furniture has been removed, the baseboards are dismantled; this must be done carefully so as not to damage the surface of the walls to which they are partially attached;
• after dismantling the baseboards, they begin to remove the old floor covering;
• if the material is a roll type (carpet, linoleum), laid without the help of glue, then it is carefully rolled up, but most often the material is removed with fragments of the screed, in this case the covering is removed in sections and the room is immediately cleared of debris;
• if the material has been glued and is difficult to remove from the base, it is necessary to use additional tools which will help remove the coating;
• old parquet, which can no longer be sanded and restored, is removed piece by piece and taken out of the room; if the material was glued with special solutions, then the process of dismantling the parquet can be difficult; in this case, the use of auxiliary tools is also recommended;
• tiles are removed using a hammer and chisel; if you can rent a hammer drill, the dismantling process will be much easier;
• if the floor consists of wooden planks, the most difficult thing when removing the covering will be the removal of the first floorboard; using a hammer, nail puller and pliers you can dismantle the board covering, perhaps not all the material will be intended for disposal, you will have to sort it in parallel.

The most common question that arises when restoring a floor is whether it is worth dismantling the entire coating if the material is fragmented. If you have started such a global undertaking, you need to completely replace the coating. It is possible that the process of rotting or destruction has affected all areas of the floor, but so far this is not visually noticeable. To avoid having to dismantle the covering again after some time, spend time and energy on a global restoration of the entire room.

Even an inexperienced builder can carry out floor repairs in an apartment with his own hands. Step by step instructions The video will help you understand such concepts as partial and complete replacement of the coating when carrying out repairs. After watching the video, there will be no questions left regarding the correct replacement of the ceiling or restoration of the surface.

The flooring in an apartment, like other finishes, wears out over time and loses its attractive appearance. All homeowners sooner or later face the need to replace old flooring. This work requires special knowledge and construction skills. Repairing the floor in an apartment can be entrusted to professionals, but even in this case, you need to understand all the intricacies of installing a new flooring.

Before you start phased replacement flooring, you need to free up space, remove all the furniture. If repairs are carried out in a separate room, and not in the entire apartment, the remaining rooms should be protected from dust from construction debris. This can be done using plastic curtains or damp cloth. The gap under the door is covered with a wet rag rolled up during repairs.

To carefully remove old flooring in an apartment, you need to:

• Remove baseboards. This is done carefully so as not to damage the walls. If the plinth will be reused in the apartment, it is advisable to prevent it from deforming. Elements can be easily removed if they were fixed with brackets or screws;
• Remove the old floor. Roll material(carpet, linoleum, etc.) is cut, divided into separate strips, then rolled into rolls. If the flooring was installed with special glue, it will take more time and effort to dismantle the floor in the apartment. The parquet must be removed in separate boards. The tiles are removed using a hammer drill equipped with a chisel-shaped attachment.

Removing a wooden floor

The flooring, consisting of individual elements, does not have to be completely changed. Sometimes fixing individual areas is enough. At the same time, it is better not to do such renovations to the kitchen floor. The old floor continues to deteriorate and will soon need to be replaced again.

Screed alignment

Sometimes the base under the decorative coating is significantly damaged. Deformations may occur due to shrinkage of the building or non-compliance with construction technology. In this case, the apartment needs to dismantle the concrete screed, which has become insufficiently level, and then pour a new base. The screed should be made at least 3 cm thick at the highest point of the surface.

Removing the top layer of concrete

Filling the screed in an apartment is done as follows:

• Study the basis, determine the most high place on the surface using a level. The height of the future screed depends on this point;
• Mark the lines and install beacons along which the concrete will be poured. Professionals can install the screed by assessing its evenness by eye. If you are doing the repairs yourself, it is better to use lighthouse profiles;
• Take three parts of washed sand and one part of M400 cement. Mix the solution right in your apartment. The ratio of components ensures the creation of a durable screed suitable for laying any finishing flooring. Another option is to use a ready-made dry mixture for repairing the base, which is done by adding water, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The packaging also indicates the optimal consumption per m2;
• Spill cement mixture between the lighthouse profiles, level the surface using the rule;
• Check the screed after initial hardening. Correct any imperfections.

Pouring concrete along the beacons

The final hardening of the screed takes a period of one to one and a half months. The speed of adhesion of the solution depends on the level of humidity and temperature in the room where the repair is being carried out. Then you can begin laying the finishing coating on the floor.

Which floor is better for an apartment

The modern market is replete with finishing materials intended for floor repair. Each buyer can choose the flooring according to his pocket and taste. The manufacturer always strives to take into account the wishes of the consumer. Each group finishing materials for repairing the floor in an apartment includes cladding from different price categories.

Ceramic tile floor

Not every building material is suitable for renovation in every room of the apartment. When choosing flooring, it is important to take into account the characteristics of the room. For example, ceramic tiles are an excellent coating with an interesting design, durable and reliable. However, dies are not used for renovations in the bedroom and living room. Ceramics are suitable for finishing floors in areas with high humidity- in the kitchen, bathroom, hallway.

Exist universal materials used for renovation in any room of the apartment - linoleum, laminate.

Everything is clear with the first, but what about the second? Laminate is afraid of water. However, progress does not stand still. There are moisture-repellent types of laminate on the market. Such floorboards are not available to everyone due to their high cost.

Laminate flooring

The choice of material for the floor in an apartment must be approached consciously, taking into account specifications cladding, room features. There are many types of flooring on the market, which allows you to quickly repair the floor in an apartment with your own hands in stages. It is important to understand the assortment and determine the appropriate option.

Laying stages

To get a reliable floor with long term service, installation technology must be followed. All options for repairing floors in an apartment include several stages. The first is preparing the base for the finishing flooring. Upper layer fits on concrete plates, screed or lag structure. A plywood sheet mounted between the base and the cladding creates additional heat and sound insulation. The second stage of repair is laying the material. This is followed by a treatment that increases the service life of the floor.

Wood

Painting a wooden floor

Rotten boards, creaking and wobbly floorboards indicate the need to replace the flooring. Repairing wooden floors in an apartment includes the following steps:

• Dismantling boards, lag. Rotten wood is removed, old nails are thrown away immediately, because self-tapping screws will be needed in the future;
• Breaking horizontal lines. You need to mark the highest point on the base of the floor, then step back up by the thickness of the joist and put a mark. Then the distance from this point to the horizontal line is measured. Such marks are applied in the corners and connected to each other;
• Processing of logs and boards. Applied to the material special remedy, protecting wood from mold and pests. Then you need to let the wood dry thoroughly;
• Lag fastening. The guides are nailed to the wall with 10 by 100 mm dowels along a horizontal line drawn around the perimeter. In places where the logs rise above the base, supports are needed every 50 cm. Next comes the installation of the guides on the main area;
• Fastening boards. To repair the floor you will need screws. For boards 35 mm thick, fasteners with a length of 55-60 mm are suitable. A slight gap should be left between the floorboards to avoid squeaking in the future;
• Installation of plywood sheet or chipboard. Laying wood flooring levels the floor in the apartment. The plywood is attached to the floor using self-tapping screws;
• Laying the final coating. Installation of the top layer of flooring occurs in accordance with the characteristics of the selected material.

Laminate

Laying laminate

Major renovations to the floor in an apartment are often done using laminate. Installation of the coating includes the following steps:

• Preparing the base. The laminate is laid on a rough covering of different materials(concrete, chipboard, fiberboard, wood, ceramics, etc.);
• Creation of sound and vapor insulation. A backing is placed under the laminate, which additionally smoothes out minor irregularities;
• Installation of laminate. The coating is installed in a “floating” manner, without the use of additional fasteners. The panels adhere to each other using the lock principle or using glue.

Linoleum

Linoleum covering

The coating is widely used for finishing floors in apartments. The process of creating a deck includes the following steps:

• Preparing the subfloor. The coating is laid on a perfectly flat base. Differences in height are smoothed out with a screed or with the help of wood;
• Measuring and cutting linoleum. If there is a pattern on the coating, it must be taken into account when cutting the material. The canvas is rolled out on a prepared surface, pressed down with a heavy load, and left in the apartment for two days to level;
• Laying and securing. Linoleum is fixed differently depending on the size of the room. The flooring is carried out dry, without glue, if the linoleum is fixed with a plinth on all sides. In spacious rooms, the material is laid on an adhesive mixture.

Carpet

Laying carpet with glue

The phased installation of soft flooring is in many ways similar to laying linoleum in an apartment. To lay carpet, you need:

• Check the condition of the rough surface. There should be no gaps between the walls and the floor. The evenness of the screed is determined using a level. The surface must be cleaned, dried, and coated with a primer;
• Cut out the material. To properly cut the carpet, you must first make a drawing taking into account all the protrusions and openings of the room. Then you need to cut the canvas, adding 5-7 cm on each side;
• Lay the underlayment. The special fabric increases the service life of the coating, insulates, softens the floor, and smoothes out unevenness of the base. The carpet with the backing should be allowed to rest in the apartment;
• Secure the coating. Using a notched trowel, glue is applied to the base to secure the substrate. After this, it takes time for the canvas to dry. Then the carpet itself is added.

Ceramic tile floor

Repairing a bathroom floor often involves replacing ceramic tiles. Laying material in an apartment includes the following stages:

• Preparing the base. Ceramics are laid on a durable, level floor;
• Preparation of material. The tiles are soaked in water for 10-20 minutes or treated on the reverse side with a brush;
• Laying. But the glue is applied to the floor using a notched trowel. The tiles are laid in a horizontal manner;
• Grouting joints. This stage follows after the glue has completely dried. The composition is applied to the floor with a rubber spatula, and excess is removed with a damp sponge.

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