Fire retardant basalt material. Universal fireproof expanded clay insulation: application
Thermal insulation of enclosing structures reduces losses through the floor, walls, ceiling and roof of the house in winter, protects against solar radiation in summer. This energy saving method saves fuel and electricity on heating and cooling the premises. Safety requirements for building materials require the use of non-combustible insulation. Fireproof properties, in addition to their intended purpose, make it possible to use thermal insulation to protect buildings from fire.
The fire resistance of insulation depends on the physical and chemical properties of the raw materials, the degree of its environmental and fire safety. Based on its structure, non-flammable thermal insulation is divided into three types: loose, fibrous and cellular. Thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, density and moisture resistance of the material affect the area of its use and installation methods. To choose and buy insulation for country cottage, baths on personal plot, garage or external walls of a city apartment, it is necessary to compare its technical characteristics, cost and application options.
Description of different types
1. Non-flammable bulk insulation:
- Vermiculite is foamed crushed volcanic rock with a caliber of 0.25 to 8 mm. Environmentally friendly, lightweight, non-flammable granules are used to cover basement and attic floor slabs, flat roofs, wall voids and building blocks. The thermal conductivity of vermiculite is lower than expanded clay, perlite and mineral wool. The insulation can be laid in a thin layer, which eliminates the high cost of the material. Pressed boards are used for insulation from the inside of a room; they have an aesthetic appearance and are easy to process. ordinary tools, fastened with self-tapping screws and staples. The disadvantage is the ability of porous vermiculite to absorb moisture; waterproof films are used to protect it.
- Perlite - swollen thermal method fragments of volcanic glass. A light backfill of grains from 1 to 10 mm is used as non-flammable insulation for floors, walls, and pitched roofs. Fractions up to 1.25 mm in the form of sand and powder are added to the solution for facade plaster and screeds on floors. Low thermal conductivity, good vapor permeability, fire retardant properties and reasonable price make it possible to use perlite in large quantities for backfilling well masonry on external walls. The porous structure easily absorbs and releases moisture, creating favorable microclimate indoors. The disadvantage of perlite is fine dusting, which requires protective equipment during installation of thermal insulation. On the floor surface bulk material covered with a thin layer of cement mortar to form a retaining crust.
- Expanded clay is porous clay granules with a durable, smooth shell that does not decompose, do not burn or deform. The size of the fractions affects the density and thermal conductivity of the layer. Large gravel with a diameter of 20 mm or more is chosen as lightweight, fire-resistant insulation for ceilings and wooden floors. A mixture of medium and small expanded clay from 5 to 20 mm is poured into concrete screed floors and multi-layer flat roof coverings. Porous granules are protected from precipitation by vapor and waterproofing films.
2. Non-flammable is considered fibrous basalt insulation in the form of stitched mats or glued slabs. Mineral wool insulation TechnoNIKOL, Parok, Rockwool, which is made from thin threads of molten volcanic rock, has stable elasticity and low thermal conductivity due to the structure saturated with air. Randomly bonded basalt fibers allow steam and air to pass through, do not retain moisture, do not melt under significant heat, and serve as an obstacle to the spread of fire. The fire-retardant characteristics of mineral wool allow the insulation to be used in bathhouses, wooden house structures, garages and workshops with flammable materials.
Long fibers of glass wool are non-flammable types of thermal insulation. Rolled fabric, mats and slabs of the Izover, Knauf and Ursa brands are produced using technology that eliminates the presence of sharp fragments and dust. Glass wool with a reflective foil surface is used as insulation for walls and ceilings in bathhouses, saunas, frame houses, and metal garages. Eco-friendly material does not decompose, does not mold, and does not harbor fungal microorganisms or rodents. Universal mats and rolls with high fire resistance are laid between wooden rafters pitched roof, floor joists and attic floors. Low cost and practicality makes it possible to choose glass wool for insulating external walls in city apartments.
3. Cellular fire-resistant foam glass insulation has low thermal conductivity, high strength and low density. The foam material does not allow water and steam to pass through, does not rot, does not emit harmful substances, and is inaccessible to rodents. Foam glass slabs are used to insulate walls and ceilings of basements, facades, basements, flat roofs and attic floors. The disadvantage of cellular environmentally friendly insulation is the high price, which pays off over a long service life.
| Name of insulation | Thermal conductivity, W/m K | Application range, 0 C | Melting point, 0 C | Fire protection efficiency, h |
| Expanded clay | 0,1–0,18 | is not limited | +1300 | 1,5 |
| Perlite | 0,06–0,11 | –200…+900 | +980 | 1,5 |
| Vermiculite | 0,048–0,06 | –50…+1200 | +1350 | 1,5–4 |
| Foam glass | 0,04–0,08 | –260…+230 | +800 | 1,5 |
| Glass wool | 0,03–0,046 | –60…+250 | +450 | 1 |
| Basalt wool | 0,035–0,039 | –70…+600 | +700 | 4 |
Methods of application
Reviews from builders and customers will help you choose and buy non-flammable insulation for a specific house design or for special buildings, such as a bathhouse, garage, workshop. Description of the installation and operation process in different conditions makes it possible to evaluate positive traits and deficiencies in thermal insulation. You can check the fire resistance of a material by observing the lining of chimneys, fireplaces, stoves with open combustion fuel.
Bulk insulation is often used for insulation horizontal surfaces floors, ceilings, flat roofs. Dry filling is carried out on the vapor barrier from the side of the warm room and covered with a water-repellent film. Expanded clay, perlite and vermiculite are added to cement mortars and a screed for insulating concrete slabs. Loose fire-resistant insulation improves fire safety of homes frame type and walls with a layer between the brickwork.
Traditional thermal insulation with basalt or glass wool pitched roofs from the side of the residential attic it is performed between the load-bearing rafters. Installation does not require additional fastening. The attic floors between the joists are insulated in the same way. Mineral fiber protects against ignition and rapid spread of fire wooden structures Houses. Plates and fabric with a foil surface are glued with metallized tape to create a continuous heat-resistant barrier.
The fireproof coating of the house is provided by slabs and blocks of foam glass. Fragility upon impact and significant weight somewhat complicate the installation of cladding on building facades. But the low thermal conductivity and absolute waterproofness of the material have found application in basements and ground floors.
Prices
Popular fire resistant thermal insulation sold at optimal prices from the manufacturer:
| Name | Size, mm | Price, RUB including VAT | Provider | |
| cubic meter | roll/packaging | |||
| Expanded clay fractions | 0–5 | 3625 | Trading House AsboTsem | |
| 5–10 | 2250 | |||
| 10–40 | 1350 | |||
| Vermiculite fractions | 0,16–3 | 8 600 | Rosvermiculite | |
| plate | 1200x600x20 | 60 000 | ||
| Perlite M75/100 fraction | 1–10 | 1390/1440 | Rosevroproduct | |
| Fiberglass: | ||||
| Isover canvas | 5000x1200x100 | 750 | Isolux | |
| Isover with foil canvas | 12500x1200x50 | 1 750 | ||
| Basalt wool: | ||||
| TechnoNIKOL stove 6 pcs | 1200x600x100 | 600 | Isolux | |
| Rockwool plate 5 pcs | 1200x600x100 | 627 | ||
| Rockwool with foil canvas | 5000x1000x50 | 1 170 | ||
| Foam glass: | ||||
| Slabs thickness 50–120 | 600x450 | 18 500 | Foam glass | |
New generation thermal insulation materials made from mineral wool meet the basic requirements for the ability to retain heat, as well as absorb sound and cope with moisture and steam. The situation with fire resistance is somewhat more complicated. Insulators do exhibit fire resistance, melting at the highest temperatures, but only in certain cases.
To find out whether the insulation burns or not and at what temperature, you need to know about its properties and characteristics.
According to GOST, the class of thermal insulators made of mineral wool includes:
- slag wool;
- glass wool;
- stone wool.
All these insulation materials differ from each other not only in the thickness and length of the fibers, but also in their location. Accordingly, indicators such as thermal conductivity, moisture resistance, sound absorption and combustion are different.
Glass wool - burns or not
This type of mineral wool insulation is considered the most affordable, and therefore often used in the process of installing thermal insulation. The main difference between the material and stone and slag wool is its special structure with prickly fibers. Working with her is difficult and dangerous.
The thickness of glass wool fibers ranges from 5 to 15 microns, the length ranges from 15-50 millimeters. It is due to them that the insulation is so durable, elastic and resilient. When working with glass wool, be sure to wear protective clothing, a respirator and gloves.
With a minimum coefficient of thermal conductivity, the insulation can burn at temperatures from +500 degrees Celsius, but manufacturers recommend not allowing heating above 450 degrees.
Slag wool - flammable or non-flammable insulation
To have an idea of the flammability of slag wool, you need to understand that the insulation is the result of mixing blast furnace slag with binding components. The fibers of the material are from 4 to 12 microns thick, 16 millimeters long. The peculiarity of the material is residual acidity, and, accordingly, the ability to react with metal surfaces under the influence of dampness.
Insulation made from slag wool is not resistant to moisture like other more expensive materials made of mineral wool, therefore cannot be used for external insulation facade walls. For the same reason, the insulation is not suitable for thermal insulation of pipes made of plastic and metal. The material is fragile and requires some care during installation and operation.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of slag wool is higher than that of the previous insulator. fiberglass. In terms of flammability, the material can hardly be called invulnerable. The insulation begins to melt at a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius. As soon as the temperature reaches a critical point, the fibers melt, and along with them the functionality is lost.
Stone wool is an optimal heat insulator
Among all the listed varieties of mineral wool, stone wool is considered the safest, including in terms of flammability. The fibers of the material are similar in size to slag fibers, but unlike the former, they are not at all dangerous and do not require special protection during installation.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of stone wool is minimal, and the melting point reaches 600 degrees Celsius.
An improved version of stone wool is basalt insulation made from gabbro or diabase. Unlike stone, basalt additionally includes blast furnace slag and mineral components:
- dolomite;
- clay;
- limestone.
Due to impurities, the insulation exhibits higher fluidity rates. In addition, basalt mineral wool contains almost no formaldehyde resin, which reduces the risk of phenol evaporation, albeit against the background of a decrease in its ability to withstand moisture.
Since basalt mineral wool contains almost no components that are unstable to high temperatures, the material is able to maintain functionality when heated to 1000 degrees Celsius.
Both stone mineral wool and basalt wool do not burn at the melting temperatures stated by the manufacturer, but only melt, which cannot be said about glass and slag wool.
What affects the fire resistance of stone insulation?
It is important to understand that the main risk comes from mineral wool insulation containing synthetic additives. They are the first to start burning, disrupting the functionality of the insulation and putting the integrity of the entire structure at risk.
In the production process of basalt wool, synthetic adhesives are practically not used. They are replaced by natural ingredients such as sand or clay.
Non-flammable mineral wool: in what forms is it available?
Mineral wool insulation, which does not burn, is available in several forms with excellent characteristics. These include:
- soft;
- semi-rigid;
- hard.
Soft mineral wool slabs do not burn, have average density, and a low thermal conductivity coefficient. Suitable for use in structures that do not require heavy loads.
Semi-rigid mineral wool slabs also do not burn, have a density twice the density of soft slabs, and are suitable for insulating vertical structures.
Rigid slabs, like the previous options, do not burn, have the most high performance density. Used for insulation of structures of any type, especially relevant for insulation roofing systems without concrete screed.
Mineral wool boards from the non-combustible category are the most popular insulation. Following them are mineral wool mats also with the ability to withstand fire. The main difference between slabs and mats is the structure - fibers stitched with a special thread, forming a fabric similar to a quilt. The thickness and length of the mats vary depending on the brand. The advantage of mats is protective layer made of foil or mesh.
Both slabs and mats from the non-combustible category are indispensable for insulating flammable structures. These can be houses made of wood, verandas, bathhouses, etc. Thanks to mineral wool insulation with a melting point of 600 degrees Celsius, it becomes possible to protect buildings and structures from fire damage, increase noise absorption and heat conservation.
Brands of non-flammable mineral wool
Insulation based on mineral wool, which does not burn, is available on the market from several of the most well-known brands of both domestic and foreign origin.
One of the most popular is the products of the Danish company Rockwool. The manufacturer practices the production of basalt insulation with a melting point of 1000 degrees to increase fire safety and provide reliable thermal insulation. The manufacturer's plates are non-flammable, practical and easy to use.
To insulate the roof, mineral non-flammable insulation of a joint Spanish-German production from the URSA company - M-15 - is often used. We are talking about high-quality fiberglass products from the NG category.
High-temperature-resistant boards are produced by domestic manufacturers TechnoNIKOL and Izorok, as well as European ones - Knauf and ISOVER.
The cost of mineral insulation depends not only on density, but also on flammability, which is especially important for safe thermal insulation. That is why you should be careful when purchasing materials with an unreasonably low price. More likely most of their composition consists of synthetic components that are not able to withstand minimum temperatures, increasing the risk of ignition and the spread of fire in the room.
fibrous mineral, heat insulator
Alternative descriptions. (Greek asbestos - unquenchable) (mountain flax) generalized name for minerals of the silicate class (serpentine and amphibole groups), fire-resistant, alkali- and acid-resistant, non-thermal conductive, dielectrics
City (since 1933) in Russia, Sverdlovsk region
Non-flammable fibrous mineral used in technology
Product made from fibrous refractory material
Fireproof material
Pliny the Elder first described a stone intended for making funeral robes, but what kind of stone is it?
In ancient Greek the word for “quench” is “sbennumi”, but what is the word for “quicklime” in ancient Greek?
What mineral is used to make clothes and shoes for Formula 1 racing drivers?
This mineral is popularly nicknamed mountain leather, and translated from Greek its name means “fireproof.”
. "unquenchable" among minerals
What fire-resistant material is also known as mountain flax?
Generalized name for silicate group materials
Refractory mineral
Fireproof mineral
Mountain flax
Raw materials for slate
A variety of tremolite
Fibrous refractory mineral
The mineral that gave the city its name
Fireproof silicate mineral
Russian industrial city with a “fireproof” name
Fireproof material or city of Russia
fibrous mineral
Thermal insulation mineral
Amphibole...
Mineral that serves as a plastic filler
City in Sverdlovsk region
City or mineral
. “fireproof” Russian city
. "indestructible" mineral
Fibrous refractory
Stone from Silk Hill
Russian city with a “fireproof” name
Fireproof
Fire retardant material, mountain flax
Generalized name for minerals of the silicate class
Mountain flax
City in Sverdlovsk region
Fibrous light-colored fire-resistant mineral of the silicate class
. "Indestructible" mineral
. "Inextinguishable" among minerals
. "Fireproof" Russian city
Pliny the Elder first described a stone intended for making funeral robes, and what kind of stone is it?
What mineral is used to make clothes and shoes for Formula 1 racing drivers?
Which fire-resistant material is also known as mountain flax
M. asbestos, amianth, mountain flax, stone flax; a fossil of elastic, fibrous properties, which, according to need, is spun and even weaved, forming fireproof fabric. Asbestos gloves. Asbestos mine
Russian city with a "fireproof" name
Russian industrial city with a "fireproof" name
This mineral is popularly nicknamed mountain leather, and translated from Greek its name means “fireproof.”
In ancient Greek the word for “quench” sounds like “sbennumi”, and in ancient Greek it would be “quicklime”
What word will you get if you mix the letters in the word "basset"
What word can be made from the word "basset" by rearranging the letters?
A mish-mash of the word "basset"
Mineral in slate
What word can be made from the word "basset" by rearranging the letters?
What word will you get if you mix up the letters in the word "basset"?
A mishmash of the word "basset"
To build a house you need to purchase a lot various materials, and each of them requires careful selection. Thermal insulation materials are no exception in this matter. Today, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation materials, but many home owners still prefer to opt for one of the types of mineral wool. Therefore, they often have the question of whether basalt insulation or mineral wool is better?
The question, let's say, is not entirely correct. The point is that the concept mineral wool"includes, among other things, its basalt variety, and such a opposition would be incorrect. Therefore, it is probably worth understanding what mineral wool is in general, considering each of its types and learning more about their characteristics. Based on such comparisons, it will be possible to make a choice in favor of one variety or another.
What is mineral wool?
According to GOST 31913–2011 (European standard - EN ISO 9229:2007) “Materials and thermal insulation products. Terms and definitions The following materials are considered mineral:
- Stone wool, also known as basalt wool, is made from molten rocks.
- Glass wool is made from molten glass.
- Slag wool is produced from waste from metallurgical and mining enterprises, from blast furnace slag melts.
The concept of “mineral wool” includes several of its varieties
Like thermal insulation material consists of thin fibers - their thickness depends on the raw materials from which they are made. The fibers can be layered horizontally, vertically, or have a spatial or corrugated structural arrangement. Any type of such heat insulator has a fairly high resistance to elevated temperatures, retains heat well and protects the house from external noise. But there can be very serious differences between them in terms of insulation efficiency, resistance to chemical attack and other important parameters.
Today on construction market There are a large number of options for modern mineral wool insulation with improved technical characteristics, under different names, but also made from traditional raw materials.
Areas of application of mineral wool:
- External and internal insulation unloaded vertical, horizontal and inclined enclosing structures in all types of buildings.
- Thermal insulation of ventilated curtain facades.
- Multilayer thermal insulation in the form of sandwich panels with external and metal sheathing laid between the layers.
- Production sandwich structures for chimneys.
- Thermal insulation industrial equipment– pipelines for various purposes, tanks, gas and oil pipelines, etc.
- Insulation and sound insulation flat roofs And truss structures roofs, as well as ceilings and walls in private residential and ancillary buildings, including baths.
The use of mineral wool is regulated by GOST, which stipulates acceptable synthetic binders for the fibers of the material for a particular application.
It should be noted that some manufacturers produce insulation according to their own technical specifications, in this case, on the packaging instead of GOST st The designation is TU. When purchasing such materials, special care should be taken - deviations from standards are often allowed, which reduce the performance of the insulation. In any case, you should always familiarize yourself with the certificates of quality, sanitary and fire compliance that manufacturers must accompany their products.
Criteria for choosing mineral wool
Having figured out what materials belong to the definition of “mineral wool”, you need to determine the criteria that insulation for a residential building must meet or, for example, inside a country house. The fact is that not all of them are fully suitable for this purpose.
So, thermal insulation material, (for example, installed g) must have the following qualities:
- Environmentally friendly, that is, the material should not be hazardous to human health:
— mineral wool should not emit toxic substances either during installation or during operation of the building;
- the material should not cause allergic reactions and related diseases.
- Fire safety. The insulation must be non-flammable, self-extinguishing, and not emit a large amount of smoke when exposed to high temperatures and open fire.
- Low thermal conductivity, that is, maximum retention of accumulated heat in a thermally insulated room. The lower the thermal conductivity, the higher the quality of thermal insulation.
The density of the material should not be too high, since excessively dense material has an increased degree of thermal conductivity, etc. will actually not insulate the walls. Good thermal insulation can only be obtained from porous material
, in which there is a kind of “air cushion” that helps retain heat.
Hygroscopicity should also be as low as possible, since any insulation that actively absorbs moisture quickly loses its thermal insulation properties. In addition, moisture promotes the development of microflora colonies - mold, mildew, etc. The durability of the material should ensure long-term operation
insulation without damage and decomposition into components. The material should be good soundproof
room from external noise. This is especially important when the house is located near a busy highway or railway.
An important factor is the technology of installation of the material. Therefore, in order to settle on a certain option, you need to study the process of laying it and make an acceptable choice. This point is especially important if the owner of the house will carry out insulation on his own.
How to determine the fire hazard level of a heat insulator?
Separately, it should be said about how to determine the flammability of a heat-insulating material, since this issue concerns most purchasers. The fibers themselves of any mineral wool are not flammable, but they can be used to create insulating sheets or blocks from them. use synthetic binders
- - phenol-formaldehyde resins, which can withstand temperatures of only 300 ÷ 350 degrees without damaging the insulation. When these parameters increase, the destruction of the binding components begins. Since the insulation must be non-flammable or, self-extinguishing, when purchasing it you must pay attention to the markings, which must be on the packaging. Flammability is indicated by numbers and letters - G1, G2, G3 and G4. Accordingly, the numbers go in increasing order - if G1 indicates low flammability, then G4 indicates that this is a highly flammable and highly combustible material.
If the insulation contains fire retardants and is absolutely non-flammable, the packaging bears the designation NG.
- The danger of some insulation materials containing binding resins lies not only in their flammability, but also in the creation of strong smoke when exposed to an open fire. This parameter also has regulation and a numerical and alphabetic designation: from D1 to D3.
- It is equally important to take into account another fire safety parameter - the speed of possible fire spread. The manufacturer is required to indicate this indicator on the packaging with the letters RP and numbers from 1 to 4. Accordingly, the designation RP1 indicates that the flame does not spread if there are no combustible materials nearby, and RP4 indicates that when the insulation burns, the fire can quickly spread throughout throughout the room.
Why is all this being said, since it would seem that mineral wool should be completely safe in this regard? Again we return to GOST and TU - according to the established state standards- no questions. But you should be careful with TU.
Therefore, when buying insulation, you need to carefully study the packaging, which indicates the characteristics of the material. If there are none, then it is better to immediately refuse such a heat insulator and turn to a more reliable seller, since the health and even the life of household members may depend on this data.
Mineral wool - technical and operational characteristics
Now, knowing the criteria that you need to pay special attention to when purchasing thermal insulation material, it is worth considering in detail each type of mineral wool.
| Name of parameters | Slag | Glass wool | Stone (basalt) wool |
|---|---|---|---|
| Limit temperature of use, °C | up to 250 | from -60 to +450 | up to 1000° |
| Average fiber diameter, µm | from 4 to 12 | from 5 to 15 | from 4 to 12 |
| Hygroscopicity of the material in 24 hours (no more),% | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.095 |
| Taunting | Yes | Yes | No |
| Thermal conductivity coefficient, W/(m ×° K) | 0.46 ÷ 0.48 | 0.038 ÷ 0.046 | 0.035 ÷ 0.042 |
| Sound absorption coefficient | from 0.75 to 0.82 | from 0.8 to 92 | from 0.75 to 95 |
| Presence of binder, % | from 2.5 to 10 | from 2.5 to 10 | from 2.5 to 10 |
| Flammability of the material | NG - non-flammable | NG - non-flammable | NG - non-flammable |
| Selection harmful substances when burning | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Heat capacity, J/kg ×° K | 1000 | 1050 | 1050 |
| Vibration resistance | No | No | moderate |
| Elasticity, % | no data | no data | 75 |
| Sintering temperature, °C | 250 ÷ 300 | 350 ÷ 450 | 600 |
| Fiber length, mm | 16 | 15 ÷ 50 | 16 |
| Chemical stability (weight loss), % in water | 7.8 | 6.2 | 4.5 |
| Chemical stability (weight loss), % in alkaline environment | 7 | 6 | 6.4 |
| Chemical stability (weight loss), % in acidic environment | 68.7 | 38.9 | 24 |
I would like to draw your attention to the fact that in this table, in the column “flammability of the material” there is the designation NG. However, it must be remembered that the insulation remains non-flammable until the temperature reaches a certain critical level (note that each type of material has its own set upper limit of permissible heating).
Then the binders may ignite, so it is impossible to say that mineral wool is completely non-flammable. Based on this table, it is necessary to consider the qualities various types
mineral wool in more detail, since “dry numbers” sometimes cannot accurately tell you about the insulation.
Prices for KNAUF mineral wool
Glass wool
mineral wool Knauf
Fibers for making glass wool are made from broken glass and sand, which melt at a temperature of 1400 ÷ 1500 degrees. When melting and drawing the fibers, their thickness is only 4 ÷ 15 microns, and their length is 15 ÷ 50 mm. Thanks to this, the insulation mats are strong and elastic.
- Positive qualities of the material: The advantages of glass wool include high resistance to chemical influences. When conducting correct installation
- , the material is not susceptible to rotting and the appearance of mold in it.
- Compared to other types of mineral wool, fiberglass is not favored by rodents, so they do not make burrows in it, which is very important if you are insulating a private house or first-floor balcony.
- Glass wool is more affordable in price than basalt insulation, which can be explained by the availability of raw materials and the simplicity of the manufacturing process.
- The packaged insulation has compact dimensions and light weight, so it is easy to transport to a construction site and easy to lift to high floors. When the packaging material is removed, the glass wool straightens and takes on its natural dimensions.
- Since the insulation is light in weight, it does not place a large load on the attic floor, roof or walls. Airiness structural structure
- The density of glass wool can vary from 11 to 30 kg/m³. In order for the insulation to “work” properly, you need to select the correct density of the material in each specific case.
- For example, for sound and thermal insulation of partitions, rafter systems roofs and walls from inside the building, you need to use glass wool with a density of 15 kg/m³.
— If the building is insulated from the outside, then the density should be at least 30 kg/m³. In this case, it is better to choose varieties reinforced with fiberglass fabric, which will protect the insulation from blowing out the fibers and strengthen the mats.
- Glass wool sheets and blocks are quite resistant to fire. Melting of the connecting elements occurs at temperatures above 350 ÷ 400 degrees and the material changes its structure, loses its heat and sound-proofing properties.
- The material is quite elastic, which is extremely convenient when insulating structures of irregular shape, as well as when installing insulation between metal profiles.
Negative qualities of glass wool:
- One of the main disadvantages of this material is the fragility and fragility of its fibers, the sharp edges of which easily penetrate the fabric, injuring the skin. Since microscopic pieces of fibers are very light, they can enter the respiratory tract or the mucous membranes of the eyes.
This suggests that the installation of such heat-insulating material must be carried out by protecting all exposed areas of the body, wearing gloves and a suit made of thick fabric. The eyes are protected with special goggles, and the respiratory tract is protected with a respirator.
After finishing installation work associated with glass wool, all clothing and mittens should be discarded immediately.
- Another the disadvantage of this insulation, which manifests itself during its operation - this is a gradual shrinkage of the material. Glass is an amorphous material, and its fibers crystallize and stick together over time, making the mats thinner and smaller in size. Naturally, this process affects the quality of wall insulation - it is significantly reduced.
- Since the binder fibers include phenol-formaldehyde resins, which are harmful to humans, the most important disadvantage of insulation is the constant release of these substances into the indoor air. Moreover, it will not be possible to weather them as long as there are glass wool mats on the walls.
Stone (basalt) wool
Basalt insulation is made from gabbro-basalt, metamorphic rock and marls, which are close to each other in composition.
Stone wool has good resistance to elevated temperatures and low thermal conductivity. The stone fibers themselves can withstand heating up to 850 ÷ 1000 degrees, but the binders for them are the same phenol-formaldehyde resins, which, as is known, can withstand heating only up to a temperature of 350 ÷ 400 degrees, so when they burn, the basalt fibers disintegrate.
During their manufacture, basalt fibers acquire a length of no more than 50 mm, and their thickness is about 5 ÷ 7 microns. After processing the fibers with binders and molding, the blocks or mats are passed through a press twice with simultaneous heating to 300 degrees.
Prices for RockWool basalt wool
mineral wool RockWool
This insulation has quite a lot of positive qualities, so usually, of the three types of mineral wool, it is the basalt heat insulator that is most often chosen:
- The low thermal conductivity of the material is achieved by the random arrangement of the fibers and the fact that they are laid in numerous layers, due to which the structure of the mats is quite airy.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of basalt wool is 0.035÷0.042 W/(m×°K), which corresponds to the thermal insulating properties of extruded polystyrene foam or foam rubber.
- The density of basalt insulation is much higher than that of glass wool, and ranges from 60 to 90 kg/m³ for different samples (even more for some types). But at the same time, such density does not negatively affect the thermal insulation properties.
- The almost zero hygroscopicity of stone wool allows it to be used long time, without losing its original thermal insulation qualities.
- The structural structure does not allow moisture to penetrate inside the insulation, which means that putrefactive processes do not develop in its thickness and mold does not appear (both, if they occur, sharply reduce the insulating qualities of any porous material).
One of the main advantages is the high hydrophobicity of the material.
To be fair, it should be noted that basalt wool still absorbs moisture, but this figure is so insignificant (about 0.095% in 24 hours) that hygroscopicity can be considered almost zero.
- Vapor permeability. Whatever the density of basalt insulation, it is a breathable material, that is, the minimum amount of moisture that enters the insulation along with the air does not linger inside and does not form condensation. This quality allows you to use basalt wool for insulation of rooms with high humidity such as saunas or baths. The vapor permeability of stone wool is 0.2 ÷ 0.3 mg/(m×h×Pa).
- High resistance to fire, therefore, in the table above, stone wool is characterized as a non-flammable insulation. However, you need to remember about the binders present in the heat insulator.
- Basalt wool is an excellent sound insulator and is able to dampen sound waves passing inside the walls. This quality is especially useful for insulating and soundproofing apartments in panel houses, since building structures have cavities and reinforcement elements inside that conduct sound vibrations well.
- The strength of the material is given by the multi-layering and pressing process during its manufacture. Therefore, even the lowest density of basalt wool does not reduce its resistance to increased loads. Thanks to this, the material is little susceptible to deformation and does not change its size throughout the entire period of operation.
- Stone fibers are resistant to chemical and biological influences and are not susceptible to damage by mold and various microorganisms.
Basalt insulation - very easy to install
- The ease of installation of the material is explained by the strict “geometry” of the blocks and the absence of a large number of sharp fibers. But you still need to take precautions - it is recommended to protect your hands, eyes and respiratory tract.
Negative aspects of basalt insulation
- No matter how much manufacturers convince that basalt wool is absolutely safe, this is not entirely true. It, like glass wool, can emit toxic substances throughout its entire service life, since the fibers are bound together by phenol-formaldehyde resin, the fumes of which are dangerous to human health. The question is how high the concentration of such components is - it will never be a bad idea to familiarize yourself with the certificate of sanitary conformity of the purchased material.
- Unlike glass wool, basalt insulation is readily used by rodents for housing, so this must be foreseen in advance and the walls of a private house must be protected by backfilling around it at a distance of 500 ÷ 700 mm with fine expanded clay, the layer thickness of which must be at least 80 mm. Rodents definitely avoid this insulating material, since it has no density; in other words, they simply “drown” in it.
- Stone wool has a fairly high price compared to glass wool.
Video: review of basalt mineral wool " TechnoNIKOL»
Slag
This kind insulation material made from blast furnace slag. Slag fibers have a length of 14 ÷ 16 mm and a thickness of 5 ÷ 10 microns.
Slag - more disadvantages than advantages
Such insulation can withstand a maximum temperature of only 285 ÷ 300 degrees, which is much lower than other types of mineral wool. When the specified threshold is exceeded, the slag fibers are sintered, and it almost completely loses its thermal insulation qualities.
The material is very hygroscopic, that is, it quickly becomes saturated with moisture, which also leads to the loss of its basic sound and heat insulating properties, and mold and rot may appear inside the mats.
In addition, rodents calmly settle in this material, making nests and passages in it. It is especially important to take this into account if insulation is chosen for a private home.
When installing slag wool, as in the first two cases, it is necessary to protect the skin, respiratory tract and eyes from contact with small, sharp fibers. In this case, they are not as numerous as with glass wool, but a few of these splinters are enough to cause skin irritation.
In addition, the composition of slag wool contains residual acidity, therefore, if this material is used for external insulation or in a room with high humidity, it will aggressively affect those located next to it. metal parts, including the reinforcing belt of insulated structures. Hence the conclusion that equipped with slag wool is absolutely not suitable for insulating water and sewer pipes.
The price of slag wool is significantly lower than that of glass or basalt wool. However, you should not choose it precisely according to this criterion, since not only money can be spent in vain, but such insulation can seriously harm the health of the residents of an apartment or house.
Prices for Ursa Terra mineral wool
Ursa mineral wool
Brands of basalt mineral wool
So, the undisputed leader in performance qualities after all, it is basalt insulation. Despite the increased cost, zealous owners choose him. However, we should not forget about one more criterion that you need to pay attention to when choosing. We are talking about the density of a specific type of material, since the scope of application of this heat insulator will depend on this parameter.
| Brand of insulation board | Material density, kg/m³ | Scope of application for insulation |
|---|---|---|
| Light slabs | 30÷40 | Internal surfaces of walls, partitions, ceilings, pitched roofs, pipelines of various directions (water supply, sewerage, gas mains, etc.) |
| Soft boards - P75 | 75 | Attic floors, attic rooms, interfloor ceilings, horizontal unloaded surface slabs |
| Semi-rigid slabs - P125 | 125 | Horizontal enclosing structures, floors, ceilings. |
| Rigid slabs - P175 | 175 | Horizontal and vertical enclosing structures, roofs and facades |
| Plates of increased rigidity - PPZh200 | 200 | Roofs (under waterproofing flooring made of rolled and mastic materials), plastered and ventilated facades. |
When planning to purchase one or another type of mineral wool, you need to carefully study the packaging and check whether GOST standards are indicated that must be observed during the production process:
- Mineral wool slabs - GOST 9573–96.
- Stitched mats made of mineral wool - GOST 21880–94.
Mineral wool slabs of increased rigidity - PPZh
- Plates of increased rigidity (PPZh) – GOST 22950–95.
Knowing all the information about the types of mineral wool, it will be possible to decide whether they are suitable for insulating a house or any area of it. In any case, even if you decide to purchase another thermal insulation material, you should also carefully study its technical characteristics.
An alternative to mineral wool – extruded polystyrene foam
In some cases, the use of mineral wool is impractical or even impossible. Synthetic insulation comes to the rescue, among which the most commonly used is polystyrene foam. About the physical and operational characteristics of one of the most popular types of extruded polystyrene foam - in a special publication on our portal.
Evgeniy AfanasyevChief Editor
Author of the publication 10.09.2015
Superizol
Silicon-calcium slabs SUPER ISOL (Super Izol) are intended for thermal insulation of fireplaces, being at the same time the structure of its casing (2in1). The boards do not emit dust, are rigid, smooth and easy to assemble. The composition of the product allows it to be processed using traditional carpentry equipment. Made from environmentally friendly natural material— Calcium silicate.
Advantages:
- Fireproof classification - class "A1" non-flammable;
- Maximum operating temperature - up to 1000°C
- Made from environmentally friendly natural material (calcium silicate);
- Extremely light weight (sheet 1220x1000x30mm - weight 8kg);
- Very low thermal conductivity - for 400°C - 0.10W/(m*K);
- Has high resistance to carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons;
- Density—225kg/m³
- Pressure resistance - 2.6 N/mm²
- Ideal choice for effective insulation stoves, fireplaces, boilers, electrical wiring and much more;
- Lightness and simplicity of installation, which does not require the use of additional materials (it is both a heat insulator and a sheathing structure);
- The thickness of the slab can be in the range of 30-100mm;
The material is easily processed with a knife and carpentry tool.
For installation, heat-resistant mastic and sealant are used. The joints are reinforced with an additional layer of superisol and fastened with self-tapping screws.
Vermiculite
Vermiculite (from the Latin vermiculus - worm), a mineral from the group of hydromicas with a layered structure. After heat treatment in an oven at a temperature of 900 - 1000 degrees, it swells and turns into a durable and very heat-resistant material.
In the presence of a binder, vermiculite of various fractions is pressed under pressure into slabs with a thickness of 20 mm or more.
Vermiculite slabs, depending on their density, are used as linings for fireplace and stove inserts, as well as fire protection for walls and air ducts.
Cuts with a hacksaw, jigsaw and electric circular saw.
Fastening with self-tapping screws and gluing to mastic is possible, as well as self-supporting installation of parts.
Minerite
Minerite slabs consist of approximately 60% cement, 10% cellulose and 20-40% various mineral fillers. The slabs do not contain asbestos and quartz. Processed with carpentry tools.
Basalt cardboard
It is made from fire-resistant basalt fiber with the addition of an inorganic binder by filtration deposition with simultaneous vacuum pressing and subsequent heat treatment (drying). Basalt slabs and cardboard, having better thermal insulation properties, have a significant limitation on the maximum temperature of use, therefore their average, based on the thickness of the product in the lining, working temperature does not exceed 500oC. These boards are an effective thermal insulation material. Used as thermal insulation and temperature compensation material. They are easy to cut, cut into shapes, and glued with inorganic adhesives. During installation, possible linear shrinkage during heating should be taken into account. Use temperature from -260° to + 700°C, short-term - up to +900°C.
- Basalt cardboard is non-flammable and fireproof, flammability group NG (non-combustible materials).
- Basalt cardboard is moisture resistant.
- Basalt cardboard is vibration resistant.
- It has low thermal conductivity and low heat capacity.
- Basalt cardboard is chemically resistant to alkalis and acids.
- Resistant to thermal shocks (abrupt changes in temperature of hot steam or water).
- Basalt cardboard is easy to install and easy to process; it is glued using inorganic adhesives. When installing, it must be taken into account that when heated, it shrinks within small limits.
- It is plastic and flexible. Easily mounted even on curved structures, pipes, etc.
- Basalt cardboard does not rot and is resistant to rodents.
- It has been used in construction for more than sixty years.
- The service life of basalt cardboard is more than 50 years.
Ceramic fiber
Ceramic fiber, along with glass fiber, quartz fiber and basalt fiber, belongs to inorganic chemical fibers. The main type of ceramic fibers consists of a mixture silicon oxide And aluminum oxide:
Aluminium oxide-Al2O3 - in nature, common as alumina, a non-stoichiometric mixture of oxides of aluminum, potassium, sodium, magnesium, etc., colorless crystals insoluble in water.
- chemical properties - amphoteric oxide. Practically insoluble in acids. Dissolves in hot solutions and melts of alkalis, melting point 2044°C.
- It is an n-type semiconductor.
- Dielectric constant 9.5 - 10.
- Electric strength 10 kV/mm.
Silicon oxide- silicon oxide (IV) (silicon dioxide, silica) SiO2) - colorless crystals, melting point 1713-1728°C, have high hardness and strength.
- Silicon dioxide SiO2 is an acidic oxide that does not react with water.
- Chemically resistant to acids, but reacts with hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen fluoride gas HF.
Mulito-alumina insulation
In developing
Koalin cotton wool
Mullite silica wool (kaolin wool) is an effective heat-insulating material (from a number of fire-resistant materials), which is used as a heat-insulating and thermal compensation material, as well as for the manufacture of boards, paper, various molded products, etc. Technical cotton wool takes the form of a sheet of cloth twisted into a roll. To increase the application temperature, chromium oxides can be introduced. The fibers are resistant to temperature in oxidizing and neutral environments.
In a reducing environment, the thermal insulation properties are reduced. The material is resistant to vibration and deformation, and has good sound insulation.
Advantages:
- low thermal conductivity and insignificant heat accumulation with low mass of fibrous material
- resistance to melts of non-ferrous metals
- the fiber is not wetted by liquid aluminum, zinc, magnesium and their alloys
- resistance to vibration and deformation
- resistance to thermal shock
- reduction in material consumption of the structure
- high electrical insulation properties, changing little with increasing temperature to 700-800°C
- resistance to alkalis (except concentrated ones), as well as to most other chemicals
- inertness to water, oils.
Main technical characteristics:
- Unit change ICRR - 130
- Application temperature 0C - 1150
- Apparent density kg/m3 -130
- Thermal conductivity at 6000C W/m*K - 0.16
- Heat capacity at 10000C J - 1.047
- Loss on ignition% - 0.6
Chemical composition:
- AL2O3 - 51-55%
- SiO2 - 42-46%
Standard sizes:
- length 5000-10000 mm
- width 600 mm
- thickness 20 mm
LSU
Magnesium glass sheet, magnetite made on the basis of wood (finely dispersed) chips up to (15%), magnesium oxide (40%), magnesium chloride (35%), perlite (5%), fiberglass mesh (1%) and binder composite materials (4%) , by gelatinizing the magnesite mixture. A stable magnesium colloid is glued with a connecting fiberglass mesh and filled with a lightweight filler. Obtained as a result of special technological process The material has high strength, hardness, and is quite lightweight. And such properties of SML-Premium as: waterproofness, non-flammability, corrosion resistance and plasticity are much superior to the similar properties of such well-known materials as plasterboard, fiberboard, chipboard, plywood, etc.
Properties:
Fire resistance
The fireproof properties of SML are classified in the NG category (non-flammable) and are confirmed by certificates GB/T19001-2000 - ISO9001:2000. Testing has confirmed that the fire resistance level of glass magnesium composite panels reaches the level of GB8624-1997A. High fire resistance prevents fires and the spread of fire during a fire. The material is assigned class A (due to non-flammability of materials). With a sheet thickness of 6 mm, it holds fire for up to 3 hours, withstands heating up to 1200°C
Waterproof
LSU has a high degree of water resistance, which prevents swelling and deformation of the material under prolonged exposure to water. For one month, a sample of the material was immersed in water, after which test measurements were carried out. The material is moisture-resistant, resistant to moisture and mold.
Strength
LSU is characterized by high strength, as a result of which the material is not subject to deformation under any external influence.
Plastic
LSU has high plasticity (flexibility). Thanks to the reinforcing fiberglass mesh, Magnelite can bend with a radius of curvature of up to 3 meters, which allows it to be used on curved surfaces and reduces the likelihood of fracture during installation and transfer.
Sound and heat insulation
GSM (glass-magnesium sheet) has excellent sound and heat insulation. With fairly low thermal conductivity (0.21 W/m°C) and sound permeability (44 dB), magnetite, coupled with modern insulating materials, can be successfully used as a material for exterior finishing of facades, with the possibility of applying various decorative coatings. The sound absorption of a 95mm wall made of magnetite is similar to the existing standard -150mm brick wall or 123mm wall made of four layers of 12mm gypsum fiber board.
Environmental friendliness
Environmentally friendly glass-magnesium sheets do not contain harmful toxic substances (such as asbestos, phenols, adhesives, resins, etc.). LSU is odorless and does not emit harmful toxic substances even when heated. In the production of the material, only environmentally friendly components are used. The material is not subject to erosion.Durability
The service life of SML (glass-magnesium sheet) is up to 50 years.
Magnesite
Magnesite is a common mineral, magnesium carbonate MgCO 3. Used for the production of refractory bricks.
- Hardness - 4 - 4.5
- Density - 2.97 - 3.10 g/cm 3
Basfiber
The brand under which basalt fiber is produced is a thin heat-insulating fabric made from basalt rocks. Basalt fibers have good temperature resistance, excellent heat and sound insulation properties, vibration resistance, and durability.
Properties:
- Application temperature - From -260°C to +560°C
- Short exposure – Up to +700°C
- Thermal conductivity - 0.031-0.038 W/(m °K)
Application area:
- Laying between beams (logs) during construction wooden buildings, baths, saunas.
- Thermal insulation of floors during the passage of sandwich chimneys.
- Thermal insulation of walls, floors and ceilings by stuffing with basalt wool.
GVLv
Gypsum fiber sheet is moisture resistant.
Designed for use in residential, administrative, public and industrial buildings:
Rockwool
A series of insulating materials under the brand of the same name. The most commonly used material for fire protection is FT Barrier.
Properties:
- Density - 110 kg/m 3
- Thermal conductivity -
- λ 10 = 0.036 W/(m K)
- λ 25 = 0.038 W/(m K)
- λ 125 = 0.050 W/(m K)
- λ 300 = 0.090 W/(m K)
- λ A = 0.040 W/(m K)
- λ B = 0.042 W/(m K)
- Flammability group - NG
- Compressive strength at 10% deformation, no less than 20 kPa
- Ultimate peel strength of layers, no less than 7.5 kPa
- Water absorption at full immersion, no more than 1.5% by volume
- Vapor permeability, not less - μ = 0.30 mg/(m h Pa)
- Acidity module, no less than 2.0
Park
Paroc stone wool is made from molten basalt rocks heated to a melting point of about 1500°C. The binder makes up only a small percentage of its composition. Thanks to this, the fibers of the resulting cotton wool can withstand very high temperatures, up to 1000°C. Testing according to ISO 834 on the reaction of various materials when exposed to fire flames according to the standard fire curve EN 1363 confirms this. Therefore, in accordance with NPB 244-97, stone wool produced by Paroc is classified as non-combustible (NG).
The above properties of the Paroc material allow it to be used in building structures with high requirements for their fire resistance, and, moreover, the quality of their fire protection. At the same time, the insulation completely lacks the so-called side effects: - smoke formation, release of toxic substances, etc.
Foam glass
Foam glass(foamed glass, cellular glass) is a heat-insulating material consisting of foamed glass mass. To produce foam glass, the ability of silicate glass to soften and (in the presence of a gas-forming agent) to foam at temperatures of about 1000°C is used. As the viscosity increases when the foamed glass mass is cooled to room temperature the resulting foam acquires significant mechanical strength.
Foam glass Available in the form of blocks and granules. The density of foam glass is 120-200 kg/m. cube Sorptive humidity of foam glass - 0.2-0.5%, at f = 97% Thermal conductivity of foam glass - 0.04-0.08 W/(m K) (at +10°C) Vapor permeability of foam glass - 0-0.005 mg/ (m.h.Pa) Ultimate compressive strength - 0.7-4 MPa Ultimate bending strength - 0.4-0.6 MPa Temperature at which foam glass begins to deform - 450°C Water absorption of foam glass 0-5% of the volume. Noise absorption: up to 56 dB Effective temperature range: from? 200°С to +500°С.
