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Insulation of walls in the house from the inside. How and with what to insulate walls from the inside. Among the positive qualities are

When constructing private houses, mistakes are often made, due to which winter time The rooms are very cold and you have to spend a lot of money on heating. This situation can be corrected proper insulation. In this article we will look at materials suitable for repair, as well as the procedure for their installation.

Characteristics of insulation - 5 points worth focusing on

In order to properly insulate the walls of a house from the inside, you need to understand what properties the materials used should have. The most important characteristics warm insulating materials are:

1. 1. The degree of thermal insulation. For different insulation materials characterized by varying degrees of thermal insulation, some materials are better at preventing cooling interior spaces, others are worse.
2. 2. Dimensions. Insulation materials with equal thermal insulation characteristics can have different thicknesses. It is best to use thin materials, the installation of which will not reduce the usable area of ​​the rooms too much.
3. 3. Vapor permeability. The products used should not interfere with the evaporation of moisture. If steam creates condensation, this can lead to the formation of fungus and mold on the walls.
4. 4. Density of joints. The tighter the joints, the less likely it is that so-called cold bridges will appear, which not only reduce the quality of insulation, but also increase the wear of internal cladding materials.
5. 5. Difficulty in installation. The simpler it is to install thermal insulation materials, the easier it will be to carry out renovation work independently, without involving professionals in the installation.

We also recommend paying attention to the ability of the materials used to maintain their shape throughout their entire service life. The cheapest insulation materials quickly deform and lose their useful qualities, which may soon lead to the need for repeated repairs, so it is better to insulate the walls with high-quality materials.

Mineral wool is one of the most popular thermal insulators

Mineral wool - common and affordable thermal insulation material. It is popular with both professional builders and private owners who want to minimal investment insulate the house from the inside. Mineral wool has many advantages, but the main one is its low weight, that is, its use in repairs will not create additional load on the load-bearing structures structural elements residential property.

The lightness of mineral wool is especially important when it is necessary to insulate walls from the inside in a private frame house, partitions and foundations in which will not be able to withstand additional loads from thermal insulation. Despite its popularity and availability, mineral wool has a lot significant shortcomings, which must be remembered. TO negative traits mineral wools include:

1. 1. Absorption of moisture, which over time leads to the material losing its original shape and technical characteristics.
2. 2. Relatively low level of thermal insulation.
3. 3. The likelihood of the formation of cold bridges due to the impossibility of insulating the joints between the slabs with wool.

You can also insulate a house from the inside using basalt wool, it is similar to mineral wool, but retains heat and its own shape much better under negative influences external influences. Its positive qualities are due to the presence of natural basalt in the fiber composition, which, among other things, can withstand even severe temperature changes. The main disadvantage of basalt wool is its high cost.

Foam plastic and penoplex - which is better?

Polystyrene foam is also very popular when insulating the walls of a residential building from the inside, especially if the work is done with your own hands. Its main difference from mineral wool is its ability to maintain its shape for a long time. It does not interact with moisture, but also does not allow it to pass through itself, which is a disadvantage. Polystyrene foam has very low vapor permeability characteristics; condensation remains on the insulation and does not evaporate. Low vapor permeability often leads to the formation of fungus and mold, therefore this insulation is not recommended for use in wet rooms.

You should not use polystyrene foam for insulation. wooden houses, due to accumulating moisture, the structural elements of a building made of natural wood may be damaged. Some owners refuse to use polystyrene foam, considering it too flammable. In fact modern production polystyrene foam involves the addition of special fire retardants to its composition, which prevent the material from igniting and create a kind of barrier to the spread of fire indoors, since under the influence high temperature the foam simply breaks down into water and carbon dioxide, which do not burn.

Insulation of the walls of a house from the inside can be done using more modern variety foam plastic - penoplex. It differs from foam plastic in its greater density, which has a positive effect on required thickness insulation, which means it is much better suited for thermal insulation of a house with inside. Penoplex is completely safe for humans; it is actively used in the construction of private houses, children’s and public institutions.

Polyurethane – is it easy to use?

Polyurethane has a good degree of thermal insulation and is considered the best material for insulation concrete walls. Even a thin layer of polyurethane foam (a few centimeters) is quite enough to significantly improve the microclimate in residential premises. Typically, polyurethane is used to insulate thin external walls, which require maximum insulation with the smallest possible thickness of the insulator. An important advantage of polyurethane foam is that it has no joints that could cause cold bridges to form.

In almost all characteristics, polyurethane is superior to its main competitors in the thermal insulation market - mineral wool and polystyrene foam. The main disadvantage of this material is its high complexity installation work. Correctly insulate the wall polyurethane foam Only professionals with special expensive equipment can do it from the inside. It makes no sense to buy equipment for mixing and spraying polyurethane on walls for one-time use; it is much cheaper and more effective to turn to specialists who already have necessary equipment and those who know how to use it correctly.

Installation of mineral wool and ecowool in a frame house

The most difficult task when thermal insulation with mineral wool is to create a sealed vapor barrier layer, which should protect the material from moisture and condensation. It is best to use mineral or basalt wool slabs for insulation, corresponding in size to the distance between vertical posts frame house. If this distance is 60 cm, then the slabs should be the same size. The density of the boards used must be more than 30 kg/m3 with a sheet thickness of 5 cm.

The number of layers of insulation in each case must be selected individually, taking into account climatic conditions in the region. For the southern regions of Russia, 2 layers of thermal insulation are usually sufficient, and in northern regions install at least 3 layers.

If a frame house has external insulation, then a vapor barrier layer is already installed in the walls, which does not necessarily need to be duplicated in order to insulate the walls of the house from the inside. Install mineral wool slabs between the vertical posts of the frame house, close them on top vapor barrier material from a membrane. The vapor barrier is installed with an overlap, and the seams are additionally fixed with construction reinforced tape. On top membrane film you need to install a wooden sheathing on which you can hang the internal wall cladding. To finish the rooms in a frame house, it is best to use plasterboard or wooden finishing materials.

Ecowool – special material, which is applied to the walls by spraying. It is not necessary to buy a vacuum cleaner for such work; you can simply rent it. To apply ecowool use three different ways. “Dry” application involves spraying ecowool using a hose into previously prepared cavities inside the walls. "Wet" installation - mixing ecowool with water, which increases its adhesion to building materials, that is, when sprayed, such a mixture simply sticks to surfaces. The “glue” method involves adding glue to the insulation, which is necessary for adhesion of the composition to metal and concrete surfaces.

We insulate a brick building - how to proceed?

In brick houses, you can insulate the walls from the inside using more materials. The most important thing is that the means used are different good characteristics thermal insulation and had a small thickness. In a frame house, the insulation can be quite thick, since it is located directly inside the walls and does not reduce the area of ​​the rooms, in brick building The size of the room directly depends on the thickness of the insulation.

Most often for insulation brick houses use plaster, polystyrene foam and mineral wool. The easiest way to improve the thermal insulation characteristics of a house with your own hands is to use plaster. This method is a preliminary leveling of the walls, after which a layer of liquid primer is applied to the surface. This consistency of the soil will allow it to fill gaps, cracks and other minor defects of the treated surface.

A fabric reinforcing mesh is laid on top of the primer, and plaster is placed on top. It has good thermal insulation characteristics, and it should be laid on the walls as evenly as possible. Not only the temperature inside the house, but also the visual appeal of the walls depends on the quality of the work performed. The composition must be applied with a spatula in two layers. The thickness of each layer should be no more than 2 cm. To improve the thermal insulation qualities of plastered walls after hardening facing material it is covered with a finishing layer of plaster. Fine-grained sand is added to the solution of liquid consistency and applied to the wall in a layer, the thickness of which should be about 5 mm.

Polystyrene foam also allows for high-quality insulation of walls brick house from the inside. To achieve maximum improvement in indoor temperature conditions, brick walls pre-plaster, and then level the surfaces to perfect condition with putty. Smooth walls are needed to ensure that the foam adheres as closely as possible to the surfaces being covered.

A layer of waterproofing in the form of a vapor barrier film or liquid primer is laid on top of the prepared wall, after which the installation of foam sheets begins. The easiest way is to attach the insulation to a flat surface using special glue. The adhesive can be applied both to the walls and to the insulating material itself. Then the sheets are tightly applied to the wall and pressed until the glue sets. To prevent the formation of cold bridges during the operation of the rooms, separate sheets polystyrene foam should be fitted as tightly as possible to each other. The foam is covered with a vapor barrier on top and work begins finishing walls

Mineral wool requires preliminary hydro- and vapor barrier. After installing the insulation, we install a vertical sheathing made of metal or wooden profiles. The distance between the profiles or slats should be equal to the width of the insulation boards used. We install mineral wool between the profiles. If the thickness of the mineral wool layers is greater than the thickness of the sheathing, the insulation must be immediately fixed with a vapor barrier film. We attach the sheathing to the profiles on top of the insulation to install the finishing facing layer.

Today, many experts are of the opinion that the inside does more harm than good. But there are ways to insulate a home that can really make it much more comfortable and cozy. But before choosing this type of insulation, it is better to understand what it is and why experts do not recommend it.

The essence and problems of internal insulation

When insulating a house from the inside, you need to take into account some features.

Most experts actually believe that the inside should only be used as a last resort, advising insulating the outside. What is meant in this case by the word “inside”? This refers to the direct covering of the walls of rooms with any materials. And if floors, ceilings and some other areas can be easily insulated, it is with the insulation of walls that many problems arise.

The main difficulty is the transition of the wall surface to the cold zone. Usually, if any thermal insulation is missing, warm air from the room passes through the walls, heating them. If you lay insulation from the inside, air masses will encounter them without being able to get out. In this case, all walls remain cold, and there is a risk of cracks.

For this reason alone, it is worth considering whether it is necessary to insulate a private house from the inside instead of thermal insulation from the outside. It’s logical: why waste money and your energy if the result is only cracked walls and cold room? But this is only part of the difficulties. In addition to damage to insulated surfaces, there is condensation and other troubles that will appear in a minimum time if even a small mistake is made during the insulation work.

About building materials

Mineral wool, as an insulation material, is well suited for insulating a wooden house.

However, even despite all the shortcomings, decisions are increasingly being made to insulate a wooden or brick private house from the inside. For the sake of warm winters and their comfort, owners are willing to take risks. To reduce the likelihood of an unpleasant outcome, you need to carefully study the insulation technology and all its nuances.

Today, in all the variety of insulation materials, three can be particularly highlighted:

• extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex or polystyrene foam);
• mineral wool;
• wood fiber boards.

Covering walls with mineral wool and foam plastic

Mineral wool and foam plastic are also suitable for insulating a brick house from the inside.

There are two options for laying these materials. One of them, the standard one, repeats all the steps on the outside: laying slabs on a previously cleaned surface, mechanical fastening, reinforcement and subsequent decoration. It is this method of insulation that leads to the problems described above. More condensation accumulates on the walls, cracks appear faster, plus the house loses footage that can be used more successfully.

The second option of insulation with mineral wool or polystyrene foam is the most successful. At the first stage, a special wooden or metal carcass. This is where the insulation is placed. Perhaps this design is similar to the previous one, but there are differences that allow you to control what is happening inside, avoiding difficulties, because the insulating materials are not “tightly” mounted to the wall.

Advice! You can create removable panels that make it easy to monitor the occurrence of condensation and protect foam or mineral wool from it.

Fiberboards

Before you start insulation work panel house Learn the technology from the inside.

Fiberboard is a fairly common material that is used for various purposes, including for finishing the outside of houses. It is better for them to insulate buildings due to their excellent insulation characteristics and ability to absorb noise. Often, owners of private houses want not only to make wooden or brick house warm, but also protect it from extraneous sounds. Wood fiber boards are great for this, combining both properties and providing an opportunity to save money.

You can cut and process the edges of the slabs with any available tools, which makes the finishing options very diverse. Their installation is also very simple: it can be done correctly and simply by nailing it with long (more than 35 mm) nails.

Advice! It is better to use 16-18 fasteners per slab.

Dural plates are installed under the nail heads. The correct way to do the driving is in a checkerboard pattern.

Advice! It is better to recess the heads of the fasteners a little in the insulation so that they do not stick out.

Important! If the walls of the house are plastered, the fiberboard does not need to be nailed down, but rather glued to PVA or special mastic.

The method of insulating the walls of a private house with wood fiber boards is quite good, but it also does not guarantee that problems will not arise in the future. This is why experts advise. But this method also has its advantages. One of them is the possibility of laying electrical cables inside the surface.

Important! For cables, special grooves must be installed in advance.

Insulation of the ceiling surface

Ceilings are almost always included in the complex of work for insulating a house, since it is through the roof that a wooden or brick house loses a greater percentage of heat. It is quite difficult to insulate it correctly using the same fiberboard, since the material must be lifted and an aluminum support made for it.

About floors

If the ceiling of the lower floor is well insulated, the floors of the second and subsequent floors will always remain warm. On the first floor, the floor must be properly insulated so that cold does not enter the house, especially if it is panel, from the basement.

All floor insulation options are also based on fibreboards, which in this case are used in combination with other materials. For example, before laying fiberboard you can cover the floor with roofing felt, having previously dismantled existing coverage. If the owners do not want to bother with this, they use the option of insulating the outside with special carpets. They are coated with a special substance that retains dust and at the same time simplifies cleaning.

Important! Using carpets Fiberboard is still needed. They are nailed to the floor and then treated with adhesive.

In this case, it is correct to apply the glue not over the entire area, but in strips several centimeters wide.

Advice! For better adhesion of surfaces, carpets can be pressed with boards for a day.

Most of the built panel and brick houses did not provide for insulation of facades. Concrete and brick have high density and low thermal insulation properties. The consequence is cold walls and uncomfortable temperatures. There are several ways to insulate from the inside, the main thing is to avoid the appearance of dampness.

Dew point - physics of the phenomenon

A cold wall is not the only drawback of panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way struggle - insulating the wall from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, we have to deal with the cold wall by insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.

Even if the cold wall was previously dry, when insulating it from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.

The dew point is a conditional boundary at which the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the temperature of condensation formation. It naturally appears during the cold season. With proper design of the house (taking into account the characteristics of the region), it is located approximately in the middle of the thickness of the facade made of a material of uniform density.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, then the dew point shifts towards decreasing density (that is, towards outer surface walls). When insulating from the inside, it moves inward, and condensation may appear on the surface of the main wall or inside the insulation.

And to assess the scale of possible damage, it is enough to say that as a result of the life activity of one person, about 4 liters of water evaporate per day (cooking, wet cleaning, personal hygiene, washing, etc.).

Features of insulating a cold wall from the inside

There are several ways to prevent condensation from appearing on an internally insulated wall:

1. Creation of a layer of heat-insulating material with vapor permeability lower than that of the facade material.
2. Insulation using materials with minimal water absorption.
3. Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).

Liquid thermal insulation

Polyurethane foam

PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. This results in a completely sealed thermal insulation layer from the room side.

The environmental friendliness of polyurethane foam after hardening meets the requirements for residential premises. Harmful fumes are present only when the components are mixed during the spraying process - after polymerization, the structure of the material remains stable.

Apply thermal insulation between the sheathing and sew up with moisture-resistant sheet materials(gypsum board, OSB or plywood). Essentially, it's like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.

Liquid ceramics

This is a relatively young thermal insulation material, the action of which is based on the use of two principles - the creation of a thin layer with high resistance to heat transfer and the reflection of heat towards the radiation source.

Of course, a thin thermal insulation layer cannot provide good thermal insulation- This is an auxiliary, but mandatory factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much “warmer” to the touch.

The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.

According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.

The application method is the same as for acrylic paint(the basis is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve waterproofing properties.

Rolled thermal insulation

Penofol

Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam with aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). Moreover, it can be used both in combination with other heat-insulating materials, and independently. By the way, penofol is popular for insulating a bathhouse from the inside, and there is much more steam there than in an ordinary living room.

To insulate a cold wall, use penofol with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.

In the case, as with liquid ceramics, the effect is achieved due to the low thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene, as well as its low vapor permeability and high reflective properties of foil (up to 97%).

But unlike seamless coatings, complete sealing and prevention of cold bridges cannot be achieved. Consequently, condensation may form on the surface of the foil. Even the obligatory sealing of the joints with adhesive aluminum foil will still leave gaps inside between adjacent sheets.

The traditional method of combating the formation of condensation on foil is lathing with a ventilated gap between the penofol and the outer cladding.

Polyph

Another version of foamed polyethylene, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is intended for gluing wallpaper onto it.

Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but to make cold wall warmer to the touch, they are quite enough.

In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam) is glued to the prepared and leveled wall. Both materials have very low water absorption (especially extruded polystyrene foam), so the formation of condensation in the insulation layer is excluded. The main danger is its appearance on the surface of the insulated wall.

Therefore, it is best to glue the sheets to special hydrophobic adhesive mixtures applied over the entire surface of the sheets. And to prevent the penetration of water vapor from the side of the room, treat the seams with sealant (you can also use polystyrene foam with a step or a tongue-and-groove connection).

Finishing can be done in two ways:

• mesh reinforcement and plaster application;
• paneling on a supporting frame fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjacent walls (false wall made of plasterboard).

Insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.

The main thing is to provide maximum protection against humid air from the side of the room and weathering of water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, create a ventilated facade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.

It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to ventilate water vapor, make ventilation holes at the bottom and top.

As soon as we decide to insulate the house, a huge pile of questions appears in our heads:

• How to insulate walls?
• How to insulate walls?
• Which is better to insulate, outside or inside?
• Will the house become warmer, and won’t I be throwing money away?

In this article I will try to answer all these questions in as much detail as possible, and also talk about the currently popular materials for insulation.

How to properly insulate the walls of a house, outside or inside

Try asking any builder how best to insulate the walls of a house, outside or inside? The answer will be obvious. Everyone knows that it is necessary to insulate walls from the outside, and resort to thermal insulation of walls from the inside only in extreme cases. But at the same time, not everyone knows why thermal insulation of walls from inside the house is so undesirable.

Let's try to figure it out. The diagram shows three states of the house wall, with insulation on the outside, on the inside, and without insulation at all:

In ordinary human language, the dew point is the place where water vapor turns into water, thereby creating condensation.

If you look at the diagram, you can see that to the left of the dew point there is a positive temperature, and to the right - a negative one.

When insulating from the inside:

1. The wall remains unprotected by home heat, since the heat barrier made of insulation will not allow it to pass into the wall. So she's in winter period will be largely exposed to frost, constant moisture, and will not have time to dry, since we blocked the path from the inside with insulation to the heat that previously protected the wall.
2. At the dew point, condensation collects (water vapor in the air is converted into water droplets), this point will be as close as possible to the room, which means that the formation of moisture in this place will be maximum. As already mentioned, the insulation from the inside will interfere with the natural drying of the wall.
3. Constant formation of condensation, without natural drying, can lead to the appearance of various kinds fungi and mold. Don’t console yourself with the thought that the fungus is behind the insulation and nothing bad will happen. Mold and various kinds of green-black formations on the wall have a detrimental effect not only on appearance, but also on the health of the residents of such a house.
4. If you look at the diagram, you can see that even without insulation, there will be less moisture on the wall from the inside than with insulation from the inside.

When insulating from outside:

1. From the street side, the wall is protected by insulation from the cold, and given the insulation technology, from moisture, and from the room side - by home heat, which warms up the wall sufficiently and, even in cases of various types of condensation and moisture absorption by the wall, will contribute to its rapid drying.
2. We move the dew point away from the room towards the street, which means that we also move the condensation away from the room.
3. Insulating the outside will significantly preserve warmth and comfort in your home.

I think it has now become clear to everyone why everyone refuses to insulate the walls of the house from the inside, and more and more often resort to insulation from the outside. And it is necessary to thermally insulate the walls on the side of the room only if there is no other way out.

How to properly insulate walls with expanded polystyrene and extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) from the outside

I described in detail about insulating walls with polystyrene foam in one of the previous articles. Here I will mention some main points.

Preparing the wall for installation of insulation

The first thing you need to do before insulating the walls with polystyrene foam or EPS is to clean the outside walls of the house from dirt, dust and, last but not least, level them. After this, they must be primed if you use glue to install the insulation.

If there are significant holes in the wall that you cannot level with glue, then after installing the insulation, a void may remain between the polystyrene foam board and the wall. And this is extremely undesirable, because even a slight blow or push on the insulation in the place where the hole is can deform it or break it.
If during the insulation process you encounter a small bump, it will be difficult for you to glue the polystyrene foam sheet in that place tightly to the wall.

Installation of polystyrene foam and EPS on the wall

Expanded polystyrene, as a rule, is glued to the wall using a special adhesive for polystyrene foam boards, and sometimes with special “fungi”.

In the case of insulation of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS), it is necessary to make the surface on which the glue will be applied rough. There are no such problems with polystyrene foam; the glue glues it well even without additional processing, and EPS – with more smooth surface, so it needs to be processed.

Very often, for reinforcement, polystyrene foam is attached simultaneously with glue and “fungi”, which is the most reliable and correct solution.

After installing the insulation, as a rule, the outside walls are plastered or lined with facing bricks.

Insulation with polystyrene foam using wooden slats

There is another type of installation of polystyrene foam boards - using a frame made of slats or other suitable material.

Slats are mounted to the wall, the thickness of which should not be less than the thickness of the insulation, or even better, it should be larger to create a ventilated space between the polystyrene foam and the cladding. The distance between the slats is chosen so that the polystyrene foam boards are tightly inserted between them without falling out.

This type of installation is acceptable if you do not plaster or line the walls with brick, but cover them with siding, for example. In this case, the slats will also become the basis for attaching facing materials.

How to properly insulate external walls with mineral wool

One more popular insulation materials Mineral wool insulation is used for the walls of the house.

Wall insulation with mineral wool differs from wall insulation polystyrene foam boards, primarily due to the characteristics of the insulation materials themselves.

Mineral wool, unlike expanded polystyrene, is not a sufficiently rigid insulation material, so installation of mineral wool is usually carried out using the frame method. But if the cotton insulation is of sufficient density, then builders also do not hesitate to install it with glue.

A frame is constructed from slats or small bars, and mineral wool is laid or rolled between them.

If the wall is concrete or brick, the bars are attached to the wall using dowel nails. Well, if the wall of the house is wooden, then use self-tapping screws.
Additionally, you can secure the mineral wool with “fungi” so that it does not roll down.

Since cotton insulation absorbs moisture very well, it will be necessary to provide waterproofing on top of the insulation. Without this, mineral wool will absorb moisture from the street and you can forget about the insulation effect.

It is also advisable to build, more or less reliable protection from various rodents by installing metal strips along the edges of the wall.

When facing walls from the outside with brick, insulation is placed between the main wall and the facing wall, and these two walls are connected with special bonds that pierce the mineral wool and at the same time hold it inside the wall, preventing it from rolling down in the future.

Insulation of external walls with polyurethane foam (PPU)

This is the most modern look insulation, but also one of the most expensive. There are many advantages to insulating walls with polyurethane foam:

• after application it expands, filling all depressions, crevices, etc.
• at a certain density, vapor permeability is very low, which eliminates additional vapor barrier
• has good adhesion, i.e. sticks well to the wall
• after hardening it has good mechanical strength
• good heat and sound insulating properties

Of course, every coin has two sides, and here too, there are plenty of disadvantages:

• low density polyurethane foam, has good vapor permeability, which must be taken into account when insulating.
• low fire resistance
• expensive material
• Spraying is recommended to be applied by professionals, which practically eliminates insulation with your own hands
• aging of polyurethane foam over time, with deterioration of thermal insulation properties

It is better to trust the insulation of the walls of the house from the outside with polyurethane foam professional workers using funds personal protection, since during the spraying process dangerous toxic substances are released.

The construction market does not stand still. Today in specialized stores you can find a large assortment materials intended for internal wall insulation. How to choose from the whole variety of heat insulators what is best suited for a residential premises, warehouse, office building or premises for other purposes?

Choice optimal option, first of all, should be focused on achieving the primary goal - increasing the indoor air temperature during the cold season. But, besides this, it is important to take into account the environmental friendliness of the material and its ability to create an optimal microclimate. After all, if you treat internal insulation Without proper preparation, all the work will only lead to aggravation of the situation: the appearance of excessive dampness, the formation of fungi and a layer of mold on the walls and ceiling.

Each of the proposed insulation options has its own installation features, disadvantages and advantages in application. It is worth dwelling on the issue of choosing a heat insulator in more detail.

Each of the proposed insulation options has its own installation features

Parameters that the material used to insulate the apartment from the inside must meet:

• Thermal conductivity. If the thermal conductivity of the material is high, the insulation layer must be larger, which leads to a decrease in room area and an increase in cost. The ability to retain heat is one of the key parameters that you need to focus on when deciding what is the best way to insulate an apartment.
• Strength, resistance to mechanical damage. The use of brittle material reduces the service life of the insulation, and also increases the cost and time required to complete the work.
• Environmental friendliness. When insulating a residential apartment, it is advisable to choose a harmless material. After all, wall insulation for an apartment or residential building must be safe and not emit harmful substances.
• Vapor permeability. Taking this indicator into account, you can avoid many problems associated with increased humidity in the apartment.
• Biostability. This indicator assesses the ability of a material to resist the spread and attack of biological organisms such as fungi. In addition to external manifestations, microorganisms contribute to the destruction of the material and the loss of its original properties.
• Economical. Naturally, you don’t want to spend money on insulating the walls in your apartment. extra funds, but you shouldn’t save too much in this matter either.

Different materials have their own operational features and differ in one way or another. Therefore, before you go to the store, you should familiarize yourself with these characteristics. After all, the answer to the question of which insulation to choose for the walls determines not only the warmth and comfort in the apartment, but also its suitability for comfortable living.

Styrofoam

Today, this thermal insulation material is most popular due to several of its advantages:

• proven effectiveness. Polystyrene foam has low thermal conductivity, which allows it to retain heat well, and low vapor and water permeability, which does not allow liquid to accumulate inside the insulation;
• low cost compared to other materials;
• ease of installation. Polystyrene foam does not require the installation of additional frames; it is attached by gluing to a pre-plastered surface;
• versatility. This material is suitable for both interior and exterior work; it creates a reliable thermal insulation barrier for ceilings, walls, roofs, floors, and ceilings between floors.

Penoplex plates

This material has several names: expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, and is considered a higher quality “relative” of its fellow polystyrene foam.

What distinguishes penoplex from polystyrene foam:

• the fine-cell structure allows for better heat retention and protection from cold penetration;
• increased strength. Under heavy loads, the slabs do not deform, but are easily cut with a knife. Due to its strength, this material is good for use both for insulation from the inside in a private home and for exterior work;
• long service life. The guaranteed period of time during which penoplex will retain its properties is 50 years;
• penoplex is resistant to mold formation, rodents do not like it. In addition, this material does not emit toxic substances when burned, like foam plastic, which gives it an additional advantage for insulating walls indoors;
• To decide how to insulate the wall of your apartment from the inside, it’s worth paying attention to the cost of penoplex. It is higher than the price of polystyrene foam, but quite justified.

Minvata

This type of insulation belongs to the category mineral materials and has been used in construction for quite a long time. Compared to its newer counterparts, it has a number of disadvantages, but due to its effectiveness and low cost, it still remains a fairly popular material.

Features of mineral wool:

• Susceptibility to mechanical damage is a significant drawback. By doing interior works It is important to take into account that glass wool fibers fly apart easily. The master should take this into account and equip himself properly. If you decide to work with the material yourself, do not neglect protective equipment: goggles, a respirator, gloves, as well as clothing that protects the body well. In addition, the owners need to completely empty the insulated room of furniture or objects that can retain glass wool fibers.
• The cost of this material is quite low, which explains the feasibility of its use.
• Compared to polystyrene foam, the thermal conductivity of mineral wool is higher, so it retains heat less well.
• Mounting feature. To install glass wool, it is not necessary to plaster the surface of the insulated wall, but you need to install a frame to fix the material. You also need to provide a layer of vapor barrier. Usually this is a thick film that completely covers the insulation layer. It is tightly attached to the floor, frame and ceiling.
• When insulating with glass wool, more is eaten usable area rooms. That is why mineral wool is the answer to the question: how to insulate the walls inside an apartment.

Thanks to continuous developments, today it is possible to insulate a wall even with plaster. Plastering technology for insulation purposes interior walls thought out to the smallest detail. Nuances that are important to consider when choosing this insulation method:

• It is necessary to apply 3 layers. The first of which is spray. Liquid solution applied to the wall in a layer of 5-10mm. This is done to ensure that the material fills all the cracks. The second layer is 50-60 mm and is applied in three stages. This is the longest process, since each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has dried. The finishing layer is most often laid at a thickness of 3-5 mm. Its purpose is to completely level the wall and create a flat surface. The solution for this layer is sand diluted in water, which is rubbed into the base layer.
• The advantage of this type of insulation is durability and resistance to mechanical damage.
• The disadvantage is the higher cost compared to foam plastic and the greater complexity and duration of the work.
• Plastering retains heat weaker compared to foam-type materials.

Polyurethane foam

This type of insulation is a dense foam that is applied directly to the wall by spraying. To work with this material, you do not need to carry out additional preparation of the wall; it is enough to mount the frame and fill it with material. Polyurethane foam is one of the latest developments construction industry, which boasts many advantages:

• ease of use. Polyurethane foam is quite easy to work with even for novice craftsmen. The time required to complete the work is less than when plastering.
• does not require waterproofing, as it does not allow water to pass through and does not get wet like mineral wool.
• low thermal conductivity, as a result, the material retains heat well inside the apartment.
• has good adhesion to any surface, so that it forms one whole with the wall. Can even be applied to the ceiling.
• allows you to insulate walls of any configuration, since the application method does not provide for the formation of seams and cracks.

Cork wallpaper is also a novelty in the field of insulation. Let's look at some aspects:

• environmental friendliness. If you are deciding what is the best way to insulate a room from an environmentally friendly point of view, then this material will completely satisfy you;
• saving usable space. The use of wallpaper will not take away many centimeters from the total area of ​​the room or balcony, since they are relatively thin;
• low ability to retain heat. A plus for saving space is a minus when it comes to thermal insulation characteristics. Due to the fact that the layer is quite thin, it is not enough to fully insulate the building;
• attractive decorative finish;
• ease of use will allow you to insulate the apartment yourself, which in turn will save considerable money.

How to insulate the walls in each specific case depends on the location of the building being insulated, the initial budget, the area of ​​the apartment, minimum temperatures in the cold season and other characteristics. Having familiarized yourself with the characteristics of insulating materials, you can make your home or apartment warm and cozy without the involvement of qualified workers.