Latest developments in the installation of soil thermal stabilizers. Soil thermal stabilizers. Polymer container ballasting device - modernized design, double pkbu-mks
The invention relates to construction in permafrost zones, namely to soil thermal stabilizers for freezing foundations. The soil thermal stabilizer contains a sealed vertically located housing with a coolant, in the upper and lower parts of which there are heat exchange zones. In this case, a ring-shaped insert having an increased specific surface area is installed in at least one heat exchange zone. The outer surface of the insert is in contact with inner surface housings in the heat exchange zone. Square cross section ring-shaped insert does not exceed 20% of the cross-sectional area of the housing cavity. The technical result consists in increasing the heat transfer characteristics while maintaining the compactness of the thermal stabilizer, as well as increasing the efficiency of the soil thermal stabilizer. 5 salary f-ly, 3 ill.
The invention relates to construction in permafrost zones, for example near piles of power transmission line supports, oil and gas pipelines and other construction projects, namely to soil thermal stabilizers for freezing foundations.
A two-phase thermosiphon is known, containing at least one sealed housing partially filled with coolant with zones of evaporation and condensation and a radiator with longitudinal ribs located in the last zone (Thermopiles in construction in the north. - L.: Stroyizdat, 1984, p. 12).
A two-phase thermosyphon is also known, containing at least one sealed housing partially filled with coolant with zones of evaporation and condensation and a radiator with longitudinal ribs located in the last zone (Russian Patent 96939 IPC F28D 15/00 dated 02/18/2010).
The disadvantage of known thermosyphons is their relatively low efficiency, which is why transfer of large heat flows requires a significant increase in the weight and size characteristics of a two-phase thermosyphon.
The design described in the article posted on the Internet at: http://iheatpipe.ru/doc/termostab.pdf was chosen as a prototype. The article says that “in cases made of any steel, it is necessary to create a capillary structure in the evaporation zone (screw thread, spiral, grooves, mesh, etc.). It should be noted that in vehicles (thermal stabilizers) made of aluminum alloys (TMD-5 of all models, TTM and DOU-1), if necessary, on the inner surface of the evaporation zone, and in other vehicles, springs or spirals are almost always used. So, for example, in vehicles of type TSG-6, TN and TSN, the capillary structure is made in the form of spiral turns made of stainless wire with a diameter of (0.8-1.2) mm with a spiral pitch of 10 mm on the inner surface of the ZI DT.” However, the structure options proposed in the article (screw threads, grooves, mesh, etc.) are very difficult to manufacture on the inner surface of pipes, which is why the option with a spiral was proposed. In addition, the dimensions given in the article (a spiral of wire with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm with a pitch of 10 mm) do not allow us to talk about the capillarity of the structure in the evaporation zone. The proposed spiral or spring slightly increases the heat transfer area and is insufficiently efficient.
The objective of the present invention is to create a soil thermal stabilizer, made in the form of a heat pipe with a positive orientation, with an increased heat exchange area to improve heat transfer characteristics.
The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the soil thermal stabilizer, increase the heat transfer characteristics while maintaining its compactness.
The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the soil thermal stabilizer contains a sealed vertically located housing with a coolant. Heat exchange zones are located in the upper and lower parts of the housing. In this case, a ring-shaped insert having an increased specific surface area is installed in at least one heat exchange zone. The outer surface of the ring-shaped insert is in contact with the inner surface of the housing in the heat exchange zone, while the cross-sectional area of the ring-shaped insert does not exceed 20% of the cross-sectional area internal cavity housings.
The ring-shaped insert can be made of metal with a spongy structure, randomly tangled metal wire, or a set of fine-mesh thin metal flat meshes.
The ring-shaped insert at one end can be equipped with a corrugated cone-shaped ring. Moreover, the diameter internal hole less cone-shaped ring internal diameter ring-shaped insert. On the outer surface of the cone-shaped ring there are projections for contact with the inner surface of the housing.
The solution proposed in the invention makes it possible to increase the heat exchange area in the soil thermal stabilizer by more than 15 times without increasing the external dimensions of the device.
The invention is further illustrated detailed description specific, but not limiting, examples of this solution, and accompanying drawings showing:
fig. 1 - an embodiment of a soil thermal stabilizer with a ring-shaped insert from a set of fine-mesh thin metal flat meshes;
fig. 2 - an embodiment of a soil thermal stabilizer with a ring-shaped insert made of randomly tangled metal wire;
fig. 3 - corrugated ring.
A soil thermal stabilizer with a ring-shaped insert made from a set of fine-mesh thin metal flat meshes is shown schematically in Fig. 1. The heat stabilizer consists of a sealed vertically located housing 1, made, for example, in the form of a hollow cylinder. The ends of the housing 1 are hermetically sealed on both sides with lids 2. Inside the housing 1 there are two heat exchange zones in its upper and lower parts. Housing 1 in the area of the upper heat exchange zone is equipped with a radiator, the heat-removing elements of which are plates 3 mounted on the outer surface of housing 1. A coolant is poured into the internal cavity of housing 1, which can be freon or ammonia or some other known coolant.
The ring-shaped insert proposed according to the invention can be installed both in the upper heat exchange zone and in the lower zone. However, it is preferable to install a ring-shaped insert in both zones. Structurally, the ring-shaped insert can be made in the form of a cassette 4, as shown in Fig. 1. Cassette 4 consists of a set of rings made of mesh or a set of plates with many holes. Cassette 4 consists of two end plates 7, which are tightened by longitudinal rods 6 using nuts 5. Between the end plates 7 there is a set of rings made of mesh or plates with holes. The outer diameter of the cassette 4 is made equal to the inner diameter of the casing 1. The cassette 4 is installed in the casing 1 with an interference fit, for which the casing 1 is heated and the cassette is cooled, after which the cassette is installed in the casing 1. This installation makes it possible to achieve a tight fit of the insert to the casing 1. Additionally it is possible to install a corrugated ring 8, shown in Fig. 3. The corrugated ring 8 has an internal diameter smaller than the internal diameter of the ring-shaped insert, which allows you to catch cooled drops of coolant freely falling inside the cavity of the insert and direct them to the inner surface of the housing 1, which allows you to increase the degree of cooling of the housing in this area.
A ring-shaped insert made of metal with a spongy structure with open pores can have a similar design.
In fig. Figure 2 shows the design of a soil thermal stabilizer, in body 1 of which a ring-shaped insert made of randomly tangled metal wire is installed. The insert is installed in the upper heat exchange zone. The thermal stabilizer consists of a housing 1, made in the form of a hollow cylinder. The ends of the housing 1 are hermetically sealed on both sides with covers 2 (the second cover is not shown in Fig. 2). Housing 1 in the upper heat exchange zone is equipped with a radiator, the heat-removing elements of which are plates 3 mounted on the outer surface of housing 1.
Structurally, the ring-shaped insert made of randomly tangled metal wire can also be made in the form of a cassette 9, as shown in Fig. 2. The cassette 9 consists of a tangled metal wire (not indicated in Fig. 2) located between two end plates 7, which are tightened by longitudinal rods 6 using nuts 5. The ring-shaped insert made of randomly tangled metal wire has the shape of a cylinder. Inside the cylinder of tangled metal wire there is a spacer spiral spring 10. After installing the cassette into the body 1 of the heat stabilizer, the spacer spiral spring 10 is compressed by tightening the nuts 5. At the same time, the spacer spiral spring 10 expands and presses the outer side of the cylinder of tangled metal wire to the inner surface of the body 1 The design of cassette 9 makes it possible to press the insert of chaotically tangled metal wire quite firmly against the inner wall housing 1, which ensures maximum heat transfer.
The thermostabilizer works as follows. The thermal stabilizer is a heat pipe with a positive orientation according to GOST 23073-78, i.e. The condensation region is located above the evaporative region of the heat pipe.
In the winter season, the coolant, entering the upper heat exchange zone, is cooled. This is facilitated by low ambient temperatures. The cooled coolant in the form of drops falls under the influence of gravity into the lower heat exchange zone. For greater cooling efficiency, the upper heat exchange zone is equipped with a radiator made in the form of plates 3 installed on the outer surface of the housing 1. The invention can significantly increase the cooling efficiency by increasing the heat exchange area due to the use of an insert having an increased specific surface area.
In the lower heat exchange zone of the thermostabilizer, heat exchange occurs between the coolant with a low temperature and the soil, which has a temperature higher than the temperature of the liquid coolant. The coolant liquid heats up, turns into a gaseous state and rises up the central hole of the housing 1 and the ring-shaped insert, while the soil on the outside of the housing 1 is frozen. When using a ring-shaped insert with an increased specific surface area, the efficiency of heat transfer increases, however, the transverse area of the ring-shaped insert should not exceed 20% of the cross-sectional area of the internal cavity of housing 1. When up to 20% of the cross-sectional area of the housing cavity 1 is occupied by the insert, there is no reduction in speed movement of coolant vapor, which does not impair the efficiency of heat transfer. If the cross-sectional area of the insert exceeds 20%, then the rate of rise of the coolant is significantly reduced and the efficiency of heat transfer is reduced.
Also, to increase the operating efficiency of the thermal stabilizer, it is possible to use a corrugated ring 8, which allows the coolant to be directed in the form of drops from the central axial zone of the thermal stabilizer to the wall of the housing 1, which also increases the operating efficiency.
The use of the proposed soil thermal stabilizer according to the invention can significantly increase the efficiency of its operation, while its external dimensions do not change.
1. A soil thermal stabilizer containing a sealed vertically located housing with a coolant, in the upper and lower parts of which there are heat exchange zones, and in at least one heat exchange zone a ring-shaped insert is installed, having an increased specific surface area, the outer surface of the insert is in contact with the inner surface of the housing in heat exchange zone, and the cross-sectional area of the ring-shaped insert does not exceed 20% of the cross-sectional area of the housing cavity.
2. The soil thermal stabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring-shaped insert is made of metal with a sponge structure with open through pores.
3. The soil thermal stabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring-shaped insert is made of randomly tangled metal wire.
4. Soil thermal stabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring-shaped insert is a set of fine-mesh thin metal flat meshes.
5. The soil thermal stabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring-shaped insert is made in the form of a cassette.
6. The soil thermal stabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that at one end the ring-shaped insert is equipped with a corrugated cone-shaped ring, and the diameter of the inner hole of the ring is less than the inner diameter of the insert, and on the outer surface of the ring there are protrusions for contact with the inner surface of the housing.
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The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely to the thermal stabilization of permafrost and soft soils. The technical result is to increase the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers, reduce installation time, and increase the reliability of the design. The technical result is achieved by the fact that a year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures contains a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, while the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form of a vertical pipe consisting of a condenser body, a condenser cap and two finned capacitors with an external sides, the fin area of which is at least 2.3 m 2, while the heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. 1 ill.
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely the thermal stabilization of permafrost and soft soils.
It is known during the construction of capital structures, roads, overpasses, oil wells, tanks, etc. on permafrost soils it is necessary to apply special conservation measures temperature regime soils throughout the entire period of operation and prevent softening load-bearing foundations when defrosting. Most effective method are the location at the base of the structure of plastically frozen soil stabilizers, usually containing a system of pipes filled with refrigerant and connected by a condenser part (for example: RF patent application No. 93045813, No. 94027968, No. 2002121575, No. 2006111380, RF Patents No. 2384672, No. 2157872.
Typically, the installation of SPMG is carried out before the construction of structures: a pit is prepared, a sand cushion is poured, thermal stabilizers are installed, soil is filled and a layer of thermal insulation is installed (Journal “Foundations, Foundations and Soil Mechanics”, No. 6, 2007, pp. 24-28). After completion of the construction of the structure, monitoring the operation of the thermal stabilizer and repairing individual parts is very difficult, which requires additional redundancy (Magazine " Gas industry", No. 9, 1991, p. 16-17). To improve the maintainability of thermal stabilizers, it is proposed to place them inside protective pipes with one plugged end, filled with liquid with high thermal conductivity (RF patent No. 2157872). Protective pipes are placed under the soil fill and a layer of thermal insulation with a slope of 0-10° to the longitudinal axis of the base. The open end of the pipe is located outside the contour of the soil fill. This design allows, in the event of a leak, deformation, or other defects in the cooling pipes, to remove them, carry out routine repairs, and install them back. However, in this case, the cost of the product increases significantly due to the use of protective pipes and special liquid.
To cool the soil at the base of structures during the operational period, heat pipes of various designs are used (RF patent No. 2327940, RF utility model patent No. 68108), installed in wells. To ensure ease of manufacture, transportation and installation of heat pipes, their body has at least one insert made in the form of a bellows (RF patent for utility model No. 83831). The insert is usually equipped with a rigid removable clip to fix the relative position of the body sections. The rigid cage may be perforated to fill the space between it and the bellows with soil in order to reduce thermal resistance. The heat pipe is supposed to be immersed in the well section by section, by static pressing. This results in large bending loads on the structure, which can lead to damage.
Close to the present invention is a method for removing sediment from embankments on permafrost by freezing thawing soils with long thermosiphons (JSC Russian Railways, Federal State Unitary Enterprise VNIIZhT, " Technical instructions to eliminate sediment from embankments on permafrost by freezing thawing soils with long thermosiphons" M., 2007). This method involves drilling several inclined wells towards each other from opposite ends of the structure, after which cooling devices (thermosiphons) are immersed to the final depth of the well with a static pressing load. As already noted, in this case significant destructive loads arise on structural elements cooling device.
The closest to the present invention is invention No. 2454506 C2 MPK E02D 3/115 (2006.01) “Cooling device for temperature stabilization of permafrost soils and a method for installing such a device.” This invention is aimed at improving the manufacturability of the process of installing long-length thermal stabilizers, reducing installation time, increasing the reliability of the structure and replacing damaged areas, while simultaneously reducing the cost of installing the device.
The declared technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation of a cooling device for temperature stabilization of permafrost soils includes:
Passing a through well;
Pulling in the direction opposite to the direction of drilling the thermal stabilizer well;
Installation of capacitors.
The thermal stabilizer (long thermosyphon) contains condenser and evaporator pipes filled with refrigerant, connected by bellows hoses (bellows). Each of the sleeves is reinforced with bandages. The condenser pipes are located at the edges of the thermal stabilizer and are pulled to a position where the condenser pipes are located above the ground surface.
Condensers (heat exchangers) include condenser pipes with cooling elements installed on them (flanges, disks, fins, etc. or radiators of a different design). Typically, the heat exchanger is installed by pressing disk flanges onto the condenser pipe. This method is the most convenient in such climatic conditions. If necessary, welding and installation by means of bolted connections. Capacitors of other designs can also be used within the scope of the present invention. The fact that the final installation of the condenser is carried out after pulling the thermal stabilizer through the well allows the use of wells of smaller diameter and does not require large material and labor costs.
Installing capacitors on both sides of the thermal stabilizer allows you to increase the efficiency of the device. And the installation method allows the use of heat stabilizers of much longer length and, as a result, significantly increase the cooling zone. One of the capacitors can be installed at the factory, which simplifies the installation procedure in difficult climatic conditions. (Because the present invention uses pulling instead of the usual procedure of pressing in the thermal stabilizer, the risk of damaging the capacitor when installing the thermal stabilizer is reduced.)
Thus, this invention improves the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers by changing the direction of installation of the thermal stabilizer; reduces the installation time of the device by reducing the number of operations and the ability to carry out work on one side of the structure; increases the reliability and safety of installation; simplifies the procedure for replacing damaged areas. Due to the low cost of installation work and the possibility of carrying it out already during the operation of the facility, it is more cost-effective to replace failed thermal stabilizers by laying additional lines than to dismantle and repair them.
The disadvantage of the known technical solution is a complex structural solution and, as a result, a narrow scope of application due to the limited depth of the pile and deep freezing of the soil in other cases, as well as low coefficient beneficial effect due to the horizontal forced-action cooling system.
The objective of the present invention is to create a rational, reliable soil thermal stabilizer that meets high technological and design requirements maintaining the temperature regime of soils throughout the entire period of operation, thanks to the compliance of the thermal stabilizer architectural features structures.
Thermal stabilizers are delivered to the installation site fully assembled and do not require assembly on site. At the same time, the thermal stabilizer is designed for seismic areas (up to 9 points on the MSK-64 scale) with a service life and a service life of the anti-corrosion coating of 50 years. The heat stabilizer has an anti-corrosion coating (zinc), made in the factory.
The thermal stabilizer is immersed immediately after drilling the well. The gap between the thermal stabilizer and the well wall is filled with a soil solution with a moisture content of 0.5 or higher. The soil drilled out when drilling a well or a clay-sand mixture is used.
The bottom level of the thermal stabilizer and the bottom level of the well are determined when installing the thermal stabilizer.
The essence of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 1.
The thermal stabilizer consists of: thermal stabilizer capacitor 1, capacitor housing 2, capacitor cap 3, steel thermal stabilizer pipe 4, aluminum condenser pipe 5, thermal stabilizer mounting bracket 6, thermal stabilizer housing 7, thermal stabilizer tip 8, heat-insulating thermal stabilizer insert 9.
The thermal stabilizer capacitor 1 is made in the form of a vertical pipe - the capacitor body 2, consisting of a capacitor cap 3 and two finned capacitors on the outside, the fins are rolled by installing the aluminum pipe of the capacitor 5 close to the weld.
The fins are highly efficient, the helical direction of the turns is arbitrary. On the surface of the fins, deformation on turns of no more than 10 mm is allowed, coating the surface of the aluminum pipe after rolling is chemical passivation in a solution of alkali and salt. The fin area is at least 2.43 m2.
Effective cooling of the thermal stabilizer is achieved due to the large surface area of the fins.
The heat stabilizer body can be made of two or three parts, welded using an automatic welding installation steel pipes MD (non-standard seam, welding is performed with a rotating magnetically controlled arc).
The weld is tested for strength and tightness with air at an excess pressure of 6.0 MPa (60 kgf/cm2) under water.
Roll the fins of the condenser by installing an aluminum pipe with a cone close to the weld.
On the surface of the fins, deformation is allowed on turns with a depth of no more than 10 mm - linear, longitudinal and radial - helical, as well as up to seven turns from each end less than diameter 67. Coating the surface of the aluminum pipe after rolling is chemical passivation in a solution of alkali and salt. The fin area is at least 2.3 m2.
The heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. Slinging is carried out using a textile sling in the form of a loop, with a load capacity of 0.5 tons.
Thermal stabilizers have an external anti-corrosion zinc coating, made in the factory.
Climatic conditions for installation of thermal stabilizers:
Temperature not lower than minus 40°C;
Relative air humidity from 25 to 75%;
Atmospheric pressure 84.0-106.7 kPa (630-800 mm Hg).
The location for installation of thermal stabilizers must meet the following conditions:
Have sufficient illumination, at least 200 lux;
Must be equipped with lifting mechanisms.
The gap between the thermal stabilizer and the well wall is filled with a soil solution with a moisture content of 0.5 or higher. The soil drilled during drilling of the well or a clay-sand mixture is used.
Thermal insulation of the thermostabilizer 9 is carried out in the seasonal thawing zone.
The steel for the steel pipes of the heat stabilizer is adapted to northern conditions and has an anti-corrosion zinc coating. The thermal stabilizer is lightweight due to its small diameter, while maintaining a wide radius of soil freezing.
Thermal stabilizers are delivered to the installation site fully assembled and do not require assembly on site. At the same time, the thermal stabilizer is designed for seismic areas (up to 9 points on the MSK-64 scale) with a service life of the anti-corrosion coating of 50 years. The heat stabilizer has an anti-corrosion coating (zinc), made in the factory.
A year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures, containing a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, characterized in that the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form of a vertical pipe consisting of a condenser body, a condenser cap and two finned capacitors on the outside, area the fins of which are at least 2.3 m2, and the heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket.
Similar patents:
The proposed device relates to the construction of one-story buildings on permafrost soils with artificial cooling of the soil of the building's foundation using a heat pump and simultaneous heating of the building using a heat pump and an additional heat source.
The invention relates to systems for cooling and freezing soils in mining construction in areas of permafrost (permafrost zone), characterized by the presence of natural brines with negative temperatures (cryopegs).
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, where thermal stabilization of permafrost and plastically frozen soils is used, and can be used to maintain their frozen state or freezing, including in wells that are unstable in the walls and prone to sliding and landslide formation.
The invention relates to the field of construction of structures in complex engineering and geological conditions of the permafrost zone. The invention is aimed at creating deep thermosyphons with ultra-deep underground evaporators, about 50-100 m or more, with a uniform temperature distribution over the surface of the evaporator located in the ground, which makes it possible to more effectively use its potential power to remove heat from the ground and increase the energy efficiency of the device used .
The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of production or residential complexes on permafrost. The technical result is to ensure a stable low permafrost temperature in the foundation soils of a construction complex in the presence of a bulk leveling soil layer. The technical result is achieved in that the site for a construction complex on permafrost contains a bulk grading layer of soil located on the natural surface of the soil within the construction complex, while the bulk grading layer of soil contains a cooling tier located directly on the natural surface of the soil, and located on the cooling tier there is a protective tier, while the cooling tier contains a cooling system in the form of hollow horizontal pipes, located parallel to the upper surface of the site, and vertical hollow pipes, the bottom of which is adjacent to the horizontal pipes on top and the cavity of which is connected to the cavity of the horizontal pipes, while their upper end has a plug, the vertical pipe intersects the protective tier and borders on the outside air, and the protective tier contains a layer thermal insulation material, located directly on the cooling tier and protected from above by a layer of soil. 1 salary f-ly, 4 ill.
The invention relates to the field of construction in areas with complex engineering and geocryological conditions, namely to the thermal stabilization of permafrost and soft soils. The technical result is to increase the manufacturability of the installation process of long-length thermal stabilizers, reduce installation time, and increase the reliability of the design. The technical result is achieved by the fact that a year-round soil thermal stabilizer for accumulating cold in the foundations of buildings and structures contains a steel thermal stabilizer pipe and an aluminum condenser pipe, while the thermal stabilizer condenser is made in the form of a vertical pipe consisting of a condenser body, a condenser cap and two finned capacitors with an external sides, the fin area of which is at least 2.3 m2, while the heat stabilizer has an element for slinging in the upper part in the form of a mounting bracket. 1 ill.
To work in Yamal conditions, it is planned to use special materials to strengthen soil surfaces - biomats. This is a complete artificial soil substitute for the period of its restoration.The biomat is a multi-layer, completely biodegradable base, between the layers of which a reclamation mixture is laid, including seeds of perennial plants, nutrients(mineral and organic fertilizers, plant growth stimulants, soil-forming bacteria) and water-retaining components (in the form of synthetic polymers) that improve the soil's ability to retain moisture.
The use of biomats is aimed at protecting and strengthening the surfaces of soil embankments and slopes, and soil embankments of pipelines. The use of biomat is especially effective in complex natural conditions in areas of the Far North, where the natural environment is especially sensitive to external influences, and the ongoing complete or partial destruction of vegetation extremely sharply activates the processes of water and wind erosion and gully formation.
The use of biomats makes it possible to practically restore the soil-vegetative layer within the first summer season without laying a fertile soil layer and subsequent sowing of grass.
They are manufactured in industrial conditions and are delivered to the site in fully finished form. The builders will only have to secure them with the help of special rods at the site of the completed work.
Soil thermal stabilizers.
One of the most important areas reflecting the modern practice of northern construction is the preservation of the traditional state of permafrost soils in the zone of human management. Under this condition, the equilibrium state of the environment and the stability of structures erected on these soils are maintained.
An effective way to maintain or enhance the frozen state of the soil in the foundations of structures is to use low temperatures outside air using vapor-liquid thermosiphons called thermostabilizers.
Thermal stabilizers are designed to cool and freeze permafrost soil in order to increase its bearing capacity.
The area of specific use of soil thermal stabilizers is very wide: stabilization of soil in the bases of foundations and structures, bridge supports, pipelines, power lines.
The design of the soil thermal stabilizer is a gravity-oriented heat pipe in which the evaporation-condensation process of heat transfer is carried out using vapors of a low-boiling refrigerant (freon, propane, ammonia, etc.). The finned above-ground part is a condenser, the part of the thermal stabilizer buried in the ground is an evaporator.
The thermal stabilizer for soil contains structural elements inside a sealed housing that ensure its stable operation in both vertical and inclined positions.
Polymer lining profile (rail).
The polymer lining profile is designed to protect the outer surface of the pipeline when installing cast iron or reinforced concrete weights (weights), as well as to protect the insulating coating of pipelines from mechanical damage during the process of pulling the pipeline through the casing of an underwater passage in difficult terrain. Neftegaz profiles can also be used as lining mats under supporting elements and pipeline fittings.
The use of profiles significantly reduces lining time, ensures guaranteed safety of the pipeline insulation coating and extends the service life of the underwater passage. Profile materials are not subject to rotting, suitable for use in aggressive environments, environmentally friendly, do not cause harm environment and can be used in reservoirs with fresh drinking water.
Geogrid.
The geogrid allows for optimal load stabilization and soil erosion resistance, which ensures a stable soil position.
Geogrid is used in the construction of gas pipelines to strengthen the coastal coastline.
Artificially created embankments that arise during construction or work on construction sites cannot be imagined without the use of proper fixation. In this case, the resistance of slopes can be increased with the help of a geogrid, which will increase the pace of construction of facilities.
The geogrid filler, consisting of a special layer passing between the geogrid and the soil, plays important role in the reliability of the created structure.
The geogrid restrains the energy of water flows, prevents erosion, and reduces shear forces directed along the slope in the contact zone with the aggregate.
Polymer rock sheet for protecting the insulated surface of pipelines.
The rock sheet is designed to protect the insulated surface of pipelines with a diameter of up to 1420 mm, inclusive, when they are laid underground in rocky and permafrost soils with sharp fractions, as well as in mineral soils with inclusions of gruss, pebbles, and individual stone blocks.
The rock sheet consists of a non-woven synthetic material with a special plasticity and at the same time hard surface. SLP is a completely new environmentally friendly coating designed to protect the insulated surface of a pipeline of any diameter. DES can be used in any climatic conditions.
Design rock sheet satisfies such basic requirements as:
- Ensuring ecological cleanliness of the environment;
- Simplification of the pipeline lining process (installation process);
- Simplification of the process of transportation and storage;
- Does not interfere with cathodic protection.
Polymer container ballasting device is a modernized double design PKBU-MKS.
Polymer-container ballasting device - a modernized dual design PKBU-MKS - is a product that consists of two containers connected by four power strips, as well as metal spacer frames. Such containers are made from soft synthetic materials. For the production of ballasting devices, technical fabrics are used, which are highly durable and ensure long service life in ground conditions. They can be used for ballasting pipelines with a diameter of up to 1420 mm, as well as those structures that float in a flooded trench or are operated in swampy areas, provided that the depth of the trench exceeds the thickness of the peat deposits.
The main feature of PKBU-MKS is the absence of contact between the metal frame and the insulating coating of the pipeline. PKBU-MKS includes the container part of the KCh, represented by one bag, as well as four longitudinal and four transverse pipes - elements of the ERRZ stiffening spacer frames. If necessary, ballasting devices can be combined into groups using couplings. With a pipeline diameter of 1420 to 1620 mm, the group can consist of four devices, and with a diameter of 720–1220 mm - of two.
Thermal stabilization of soils
In recent decades, there has been an increase in the temperature of permafrost soils. This causes risks of the occurrence of beyond design stress-strain states in the soils of bases, foundations, buildings and structures erected on such soils.
This serious problem affects everyone every year. larger number objects operated on foundations composed of permafrost soils (uneven precipitation, foundation subsidence, destruction of structural elements, etc. occur).
The construction of buildings and structures on permafrost soils is carried out according to two principles:
The first principle is based on maintaining the permafrost state of the soil for the entire period of operation of the building or structure;
The second principle involves the use of soils as foundations in a thawed or thawing state (preliminary thawing is carried out to the calculated depth before construction begins or thawing is allowed during operation;
The choice of principle depends on the engineering and geocryological situation. It is necessary to take into account and compare the appropriateness of the principles. The first principle implies that it is more profitable to maintain soils in a frozen state than to strengthen thawed soils.
The second principle is more suitable when soil thawing leads to deformation of the foundation soils that are in the area acceptable values for a specific building or structure. This principle is, for example, suitable for rocky and hard-frozen soils, the deformations of which are small in the thawed state.
Thermal stabilization of soils
Thermal stabilization of frozen soils is designed to ensure the possibility of constructing buildings and structures according to the second principle.
A number of measures are used to maintain soils in a frozen state. One of the effective and economically feasible methods is to lower the soil temperature using heat stabilizers.
Soil thermal stabilizer (TSG) is a vapor-liquid siphon. This is a seasonal cooling device charged with refrigerant to lower ground temperatures.
TSG is immersed in drilled wells near the foundation to lower the temperature of the soil mass, which is the base of the foundation. Part of the device is an evaporator, which takes heat from the soil, and a condenser, which releases heat into the surrounding atmosphere.
In the thermostabilizer, natural convection circulation of the refrigerant occurs, which passes from one state of aggregation to another: from gas to liquid and back.
The condensed refrigerant (liquefied ammonia or carbon dioxide) naturally, under the influence of temperature differences, falls to the lower part of the TSG to the soil. Afterwards, having taken heat from them, it turns into steam and, evaporating, returns to the surface, where it again transfers heat to the surrounding air through the walls of the radiator-condenser and condenses. Then the cycle repeats again.
Refrigerant circulation can be natural, convection-gravitational or forced. This depends on the design of the thermal stabilizer.
The type, design and number of thermal stabilizers are selected based on individual calculations for each object.
Thermal stabilizers have shown their effectiveness - with their help it is possible to maintain soils in a permafrost state and ensure the strength and immutability of the ice-soil slab under the structure.
Convection circulation of the refrigerant is based on the temperature gradient of the soil and the outside air.
During the summer, like
only the temperature of the condenser - the upper part of the thermal stabilizer located in the atmosphere,
becomes higher than the coolant temperature,
circulation stops and the process is suspended with partial inertial thawing of the top layer of soil until the next cold snap.
Installation diagrams by installation method and design:
Single borehole thermal stabilizer (OST)
The simplest device that allows installation work both for buildings and structures under construction and for existing ones. OST can be installed both vertically and at an angle of 45 degrees to the surface;
Horizontal thermal stabilizer system (HST) is a system of evaporator pipes located in one horizontal plane in the soil mass that forms the base of the foundation. The refrigerant from the evaporator pipes is transferred to the condenser located on the surface. The installation of a GTS is advisable for new construction, when it is possible to construct a pit;
Vertical thermal stabilizer system (VST) combines horizontal system, to the evaporator pipes, to which vertical evaporator pipes are connected, going deep into the soil mass. This design allows soil to be frozen to a greater depth than under the GTS scheme. The installation of VST is advisable for new construction, when it is possible to construct a pit;
Thermal stabilizer system, installed at the base of an existing building or structure using directional drilling.
The latter method does not require the development of pits, trenches, or strengthening, and allows the natural structure of the soil to be preserved. It is permissible to install a soil thermal stabilization system in parallel with the construction of the building or structure itself, which speeds up the construction process.
Technical and economic indicators when using soil thermal stabilization
Thermal stabilization of soils using various TSG systems can reduce construction costs by up to 50% and reduce the construction time of facilities by almost 2 times.
"Thermal stabilization of soils" (download in PDF format)
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