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Technological map for the installation of a wet facade. Wet facade insulation technology: we carry out insulation step by step using wet facade technology. Calculator for calculating the required thickness of insulation

1. The first stage in the technology for insulating facades is preparing the surface of the walls of the facade itself.

For Stage 1 you will need the following:

• from tools (metal brushes, vacuum cleaner, scraper, unit high pressure with heated water, trowels, graters and half-graters, smoothers, rollers, paint sprayers, slats, rules, plumb lines).
• from materials (polymer cement and cement-sand mortars of grades 100-150, penetrating primer).
• control methods (visual, measuring - rod, plumb, level).
• controlled parameters (Surface evenness, absence of cracks, cavities. Uniformity of surface priming, compliance of the choice of primer with the type of base). The thickness of the layers is no more than 0.5 mm in 1 layer. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Work at this stage:

• Mechanical cleaning of metal. brushes to remove dirt and dust. In case of concrete walls removal of concrete and cement laitance stains. Leveling uneven surfaces, filling cracks, depressions, cavities, recesses with polymer cement mortar M-100, 150. In case of repair and restoration work, old (convex) plaster or tiles are removed, the facade is plastered cement-sand mortar M-100.
• Prime the surface with a primer composition.
• Dilution with water, penetrating primer 1:7

2. The second stage is the preparation of the adhesive mass.

For stage 2 you will need the following:

• made of material (Glue)
• from tools (Capacity with a volume of at least 10 liters. Mixer, drill and special attachments, buckets)
• control method (Visual, laboratory)
• controlled parameters (dosage of components, compliance of adhesive masses, (uniformity, mobility, adhesive strength, etc.) requirements of technical specifications).

Work at this stage:

• Open a standard 25 kg bag of dry mixture.
• - Pour 5 liters of water (from +15 to +20°C) into a clean container with a volume of at least 10 liters and, adding the dry mixture to the water in small portions, mix it with a low-speed drill with special nozzle until a homogeneous creamy mass is obtained.
• - After a 5-minute break, mix the finished adhesive mass again.
• - Preparation of the adhesive mass is carried out at an air temperature of +5°C and above.

3. The third stage is the installation of the first row of insulation using a base profile

For Stage 3 you will need the following:

• made of material (base profile, anchors, insulation mineral wool board
• glue metal nails, bolts, dowels)
• from tools (Electric impact wrenches, hammers, plumb lines, theodolite - level, knives, metal rulers, toothed and smooth spatulas, plate cutting device, hammers, tape measures, plumb lines, theodolite - level)
• control method (Visual, optical measuring (level))
• controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, layer thickness in accordance with the Technical Certificate). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm, drying time is a day.

Work at this stage:

• Set the horizontal profile of the base profile to the zero mark.
• The profile should be fastened with anchors or dowels in accordance with the Technical Certificate.
• Level the wall using special plastic spacers.
• The profile connection is made using special gaskets included in the system.
• Cut mineral wool boards (insulation) into 300 mm strips to install the first row of insulation.
• Apply the adhesive mass with a notched trowel in a continuous layer onto the strip of mineral wool board.
• Glue the insulation to the wall.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm, and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Caulk the seams between the strips of mineral wool slabs with scraps of insulation

4. Installation of a standard range of insulation from PSB-S-25F

For step 4 you will need the following:

• made of material (Thermomax 100K glue, insulation, PSB-S-25F, dowel, metal nails)
• from a tool (See above, Grinding stones, with pressure device)
• controlled parameters (design position, thickness of the adhesive layer, absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, serrated ligation, adhesive strength of the adhesive layer to the surface of the base and to the surface of the insulation, number of dowels per 1 sq.m. strength of dowel fixation, depth of dowel anchoring in the base .). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the adhesive mass to the PSB-S-25F slab in one of three ways, which are indicated in the instructions for use, depending on the curvature of the walls.
• Glue the PSB-S25F board to the wall (with a bandage of ½ of the board relative to the bottom row of insulation).
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the PSB-S-25F slab and install it depending on the number of floors of the building and the type of base.
• Caulk the seams between the insulation boards with scraps of insulation.
• Do sanding installed slabs PSB-S-25

Stage 4.1: Installation of mineral wool slabs between floors

For step 4.1 you will need the following:

• from tools (tape measures, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric impact wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
• control method (Visual, measuring, input control materials)

Work at this stage:

• Cut the mineral wool board into 200mm strips.
• Apply the adhesive mass to the entire plane of the insulation strip with a notched trowel.
• Glue the insulation to the wall at the level of the upper slope of the window on each floor in a continuous strip.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pieces per strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Drive metal nails into dowels.
• Caulk the seams between the PSB-S-25F mineral wool slabs with scraps of insulation.

Stage 4.2: Installation of a standard range of mineral wool board insulation

For stage 4.2 you will need the following:

• made of material (mineral wool board insulation, glue, dowel, metal nails, bolts)
• from tools (tape measures, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric impact wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
• control method (Visual, measuring)
• controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, thickness and consistency of the adhesive layer in accordance with the regulatory standards technical documentation And with a real map). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the adhesive mass to the mineral wool board using one of three methods indicated in the instructions, depending on the unevenness of the walls.
• Glue the mineral wool slab to the wall (with ligation of the slabs relative to the bottom row of insulation).
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation board and install it, depending on the number of floors of the building and the type of base.
• Add metal nails or bolts to the dowels.

Stage 5. Installing firebreaks around windows and doorways.

For Stage 5 you will need the following:

• made of material (insulation: mineral wool board, glue, dowel, metal nails)
• from tools (metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, tools for cutting insulation boards)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (design position, continuity and thickness of the adhesive layer, width of the cuts, absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, installation diagram of the insulation at the tops of the corners of the openings (“boots”), number of dowels, depth of anchoring of the dowel in the base, strength of fixation in the base) . Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Cut the insulation into strips equal to or greater than 150 mm wide
• Apply the adhesive mass in a continuous layer onto the strip of mineral wool board with a notched trowel.
• Install strips of mineral wool boards around the perimeter of the window according to the standard system unit.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall through strips of mineral wool board under the dowel and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pieces per strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Drive metal nails into dowels.
• Caulk the seams between the slabs and insulation scraps

Stage 6. Reinforcement of building corners, window and door openings

For stage 6 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, plastic corner)
• from tools (metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, tools for cutting slabs and insulation)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters ( Appearance, surface straightness). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Install plastic corner on insulation in the corners of the building, window and door openings.

Stage 7. Applying a reinforcing layer on window and door slopes

For stage 7 you will need the following:

• made of material (universal elastic mixture, reinforcing mesh)
• from tools (spatulas, graters, brushes, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (Appearance, presence of additional mesh layers). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture to the end and outer plane of the mineral wool slab.
• Place the previously glued corner reinforcing mesh into the freshly applied mixture.
• Remove excess mixture
• After the first layer has dried, glue additional strips of diagonal reinforcing mesh (kerchiefs) at the corners of window, door and other openings

Stage 8. Installation of an anti-vandal base layer for the first floors of the building

For stage 8 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, armored mesh)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the technical certificate, overlap width, presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the opening corners). Layer thickness - 3 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Place the shell mesh into the freshly laid mixture without gaps. The connection of the panzer mesh fabric is mounted end-to-end, without overlap.
• Remove excess mixture

Stage 9. Applying a reinforcing layer to the insulation plane

For stage 9 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, regular reinforcing mesh)
• from tools (spatulas, brushes, trowels, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the Technical Certificate, overlap width, presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the opening corners). Layer thickness - 4 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture onto the plane of the insulation boards.
• Place a regular reinforcing mesh into the freshly laid adhesive mixture without gaps, with an overlap of at least 100 mm at the vertical and horizontal joints.
• Remove excess adhesive mass.
• Apply the adhesive mass for leveling onto the dried surface of the reinforcing layer, completely covering the reinforcing mesh and creating a smooth surface.
• After the leveling layer has dried, smooth out any uneven areas with sandpaper.

Stage 10. Primer for decorative finishing

For stage 10 you will need the following:

• made of material (Quartz primer)
• from tools (Roller, spray guns, compressor, spray gun)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (primer uniformity, primer compliance). Layer thickness - 0.5 mm. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Work at this stage:

• Prepare the primer composition for work.
• Dust off the plastered surface.
• Apply the primer by hand using a roller or mechanically over the entire surface without gaps in one layer.

Stage 11: Applying decorative plaster

For stage 11 you will need the following:

• made of material (decorative mixture)
• from a tool (stainless steel grater, plastic grater)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (no transitions, uniform smoothing, crumbs). Layer thickness - 2.5-3 mm. Drying time is 7 days.

Work at this stage:

• Preparation mortar mixture. (see paragraph 2).
• Applying plaster.

Stage 11.1: Painting the decorative protective layer

For stage 11.1 you will need the following:

• made of material (Paint)
• from tools (Rollers, painting equipment)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (uniformity of color, homogeneity, joining of sections). Layer thickness - 2 layers no more than 0.5 mm. Drying time: 5 hours.

Work at this stage:

Prepare the paint composition for work.

Apply the paint composition manually with a roller or mechanically, covering the entire primed surface twice.

Stage 12: Sealing the seams between the insulation system and the building structure

For stage 12 you will need the following:

• made of material (sealing cord, sealant)
• from tools (spatulas, gun for applying sealant)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (no cracks, coating thickness)

Work at this stage:

• The gaps between the insulation system and the building structure are filled with a sealing cord along the entire length of the seam and sealed with polyurethane sealant.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF A VENTILATED FACADE WITH COMPOSITE PANELS COVERED

TK-23

Moscow 2006

Routing prepared in accordance with the requirements of the “Guidelines for the development of technological maps in construction”, prepared by the Central Research and Design-Experimental Institute of Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance to Construction (TsNIIOMTP), and based on the designs of ventilated facades of NP Stroy LLC.

A technological map has been developed for the installation of a ventilated facade using the example structural system FS-300. The technological map indicates the scope of its application, sets out the main provisions for the organization and technology of work when installing elements of a ventilated facade, provides requirements for the quality of work, safety precautions, labor protection and fire-fighting measures, determines the need for material and technical resources, calculates labor costs and Work schedule.

The technological map was developed by technical candidates. Sciences V.P. Volodin, Yu.L. Korytov.

1 GENERAL PART

Hinged ventilated facades are designed for insulation and cladding of external enclosing structures with aluminum composite panels during the construction of new, reconstruction and major renovation existing buildings and structures.

Main elements facade system FS-300 are:

Support frame;

Thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotection;

Cladding panels;

Framing the completion facade cladding.

A fragment and elements of the FS-300 facade system are shown in figures , - . An explanation for the drawings is given below:

1 - load-bearing bracket - the main load-bearing element of the frame, intended for fastening the load-bearing control bracket;

2 - support bracket - additional element frame intended for fastening the support adjusting bracket;

3 - load-bearing regulatory bracket - the main (together with the load-bearing bracket) load-bearing element of the frame, intended for the “fixed” installation of the vertical guide (load-bearing profile);

4 - support control bracket - an additional (together with the support bracket) frame element intended for movable installation of a vertical guide (supporting profile);

5 - vertical guide - a long profile designed for attaching the facing panel to the frame;

6 - sliding bracket - fastening element designed to fix the cladding panel;

7 - blind rivet - a fastening element intended for fastening the load-bearing profile to the load-bearing control brackets;

8 - set screw - a fastening element designed to fix the position of the sliding brackets;

9 - locking screw - a fastening element designed for additional fixation of the upper sliding brackets of the panels to the vertical guide profiles in order to avoid shifting of the facing panels in the vertical plane;

Rice. 1.Fragment of the system facade FS-300

10 - locking bolt (complete with a nut and two washers) - a fastening element designed for installing the main and additional frame elements in the design position;

11 - thermal insulating gasket of the supporting bracket, intended for alignment work surface and eliminating “cold bridges”;

12 - thermal insulating gasket of the support bracket, designed to level the working surface and eliminate “cold bridges”;

13 - facing panels - aluminum composite panels assembled with fastening elements. They are installed using sliding brackets (6) in the “spacer” and are additionally fixed from horizontal shift with blind rivets (14) to the vertical guides (5).

Typical sheet sizes for the manufacture of cladding panels are 1250×4000 mm, 1500×4050 mm (ALuComp) and 1250×3200 mm (ALUCOBOND). In accordance with customer requirements, it is possible to vary the length and width of the panel, as well as the color of the facing layer;

15 - thermal insulation made of mineral wool slabs for facade insulation;

16 - wind-hydroprotective material - a vapor-permeable membrane that protects thermal insulation from moisture and possible weathering of insulation fibers;

17 - disc dowel for attaching thermal insulation and membrane to the wall of a building or structure.

Façade cladding frames are structural elements intended for the design of a parapet, plinth, window, stained-glass and door connections, etc. These include: perforated profiles for free access of air from below (in the plinth) and from above, window and door frames, folded brackets, strips, corner plates, etc.

2 AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

2.1 A standard technological map has been developed for the installation of the FS-300 system of suspended ventilated facades for cladding the walls of buildings and structures with aluminum composite panels.

2.2 The scope of work to be performed is taken to cover the facade of a public building with a height of 30 m and a width of 20 m.

2.3 The work covered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of facade lifts, installation of a ventilated facade system.

2.4 Work is performed in two shifts. There are 2 lines of assemblers working per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each line. Two façade lifts are used.

2.5 When developing a standard technological map, it is accepted:

the walls of the building are reinforced concrete monolithic, flat;

the façade of the building has 35 window openings with dimensions of each - 1500×1500 mm;

panel size: P1-1000×900 mm; P2-1000×700 mm; P3-1000×750 mm; P4-500×750 mm; U1 (angular) - H-1000 mm, B - 350×350×200 mm;

thermal insulation - mineral wool slabs with a synthetic binder, 120 mm thick;

the air gap between the thermal insulation and the inner wall of the facade panel is 40 mm.

When developing the PPR, this standard technological map is tied to the specific conditions of the facility with clarification: specifications of the elements of the supporting frame, cladding panels and framing of the façade cladding; thermal insulation thickness; the size of the gap between the heat-insulating layer and the cladding; scope of work; labor cost calculations; volume of material and technical resources; work schedule.

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

PREPARATORY WORK

3.1 Before we start installation work for the installation of a ventilated facade of the FS-300 system, the following must be carried out preparatory work:

Rice. 2. Construction site organization diagram

1 - construction site fencing; 2 - workshop; 3 - logistics warehouse; 4 - working area; 5 - boundary of the zone dangerous for people when operating façade lifts; 6 - open storage area building structures and materials; 7 - lighting mast; 8 - facade lift

On construction site install mobile inventory buildings: an unheated material and technical warehouse for storing ventilated facade elements (composite sheets or ready-to-install panels, insulation, vapor-permeable film, structural elements load-bearing frame) and a workshop - for the production of cladding panels and framing the completion of facade cladding in construction conditions;

Inspect and evaluate technical condition façade lifts, mechanization equipment, tools, their completeness and readiness for work;

In accordance with the work project, façade lifts are installed on the building and put into operation in accordance with the Operation Manual (3851B.00.00.000 RE);

The location of beacon anchoring points for installation of load-bearing and support brackets is marked on the wall of the building.

3.2 The facing composite material is delivered to the construction site, as a rule, in the form of sheets cut to the design dimensions. In this case, in a workshop on a construction site using hand tools, blind rivets and cassette assembly elements are formed by facing panels with fastenings.

3.3 Store sheets from composite material on a construction site it is necessary on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on a level place, in increments of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for a period of more than 1 month, the sheets should be arranged with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

Lifting operations with packaged sheets of composite material should be carried out using textile tape slings (TU 3150-010-16979227) or other slings that prevent injury to the sheets.

It is not allowed to store the facing composite material together with aggressive chemicals.

3.4 If cladding composite material arrives at the construction site in the form of finished cladding panels with fastening, they are stacked in pairs, with their front surfaces facing each other so that adjacent pairs touch with their rear sides. The packs are placed on wooden supports, with a slight slope from the vertical. The panels are laid in two rows in height.

3.5 Marking of installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

On initial stage determine the beacon lines for marking the facade - the lower horizontal line of the mounting points for the brackets and the two outermost vertical lines along the facade of the building.

The extreme points of the horizontal line are determined using a level and marked with indelible paint. At the two extreme points, using a laser level and tape measure, determine and mark with paint all intermediate points for installing the brackets.

Using plumb lines lowered from the parapet of the building, vertical lines are determined at the extreme points of the horizontal line.

Using façade lifts, mark the installation points of load-bearing and support brackets on the outermost vertical lines with indelible paint.

MAIN WORK

3.6 When organizing installation work, the area of ​​the building’s façade is divided into vertical sections, within which work is carried out by different sections of installers from the first or second façade lifts (Fig. ). The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working deck of the facade lift cradle (4 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building. The first and second links of installers working on the 1st facade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 1st, 3rd and 5th vertical grips. The third and fourth sections of installers working on the 2nd façade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 2nd and 4th vertical grips. The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

3.7 For the installation of a ventilated facade, one team of workers from two installers determined a replaceable grip equal to 4 m 2 of the facade.

3.8 Installation of the ventilated facade begins from the base of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical sections simultaneously. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Rice. 3. Scheme of dividing the facade into vertical sections

Legend:

Direction of work

Vertical grips for the 1st and 2nd sections of installers working on the first facade lift

Vertical grips for the 3rd and 4th sections of installers working on the second façade lift

Part of the building on which the installation of a ventilated façade has been completed

Cladding panels:

P1 - 1000×900 mm;

P2 - 1000×700 mm;

P3 - 1000×750 mm;

P4 - 500×750 mm;

U1 (angular): H=1000 mm, H = 350×350×200 mm

Marking installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall;

Attaching sliding brackets to guide profiles;

Installation of ventilated façade cladding elements to the outer corner of the building.

3.9 Installation of the frame of the façade cladding of the plinth is carried out without the use of a façade lift from the ground surface (with a plinth height of up to 1 m). The parapet flashing is installed from the roof of the building at the final stage of each vertical section.

3.10 The installation points of the load-bearing and support brackets on the vertical grip are marked using beacon points marked on the outermost horizontal and vertical lines (see), using a tape measure, a level and a dye cord.

When marking anchor points for installing load-bearing and support brackets for subsequent vertical gripping, the beacons are the attachment points of the load-bearing and support brackets of the previous vertical grip.

3.11 To attach load-bearing and support brackets to the wall, holes are drilled at marked points with a diameter and depth corresponding to anchor dowels that have passed strength tests for this type of wall fencing.

If a hole is drilled by mistake in the wrong place and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be at least one depth away from the wrong one drilled hole. If this condition cannot be met, you can use the method of fastening the brackets shown in Fig. 4.

Cleaning the holes from drilling waste (dust) is done with compressed air.

Rice. 4. Mounting point for load-bearing (support) brackets if it is impossible to attach them to the wall at the design drilling points

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and tapped with a mounting hammer.

Thermal insulation pads are placed under the brackets to level the working surface and eliminate “cold bridges”.

The brackets are attached to the wall with screws using an electric drill with adjustable rotation speed and appropriate screwing attachments.

3.12 Thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotection device consists of the following operations:

Hanging on the wall through the slots for the brackets of the insulation boards;

Hanging wind-hydroprotective membrane panels with an overlap of 100 mm on heat-insulating slabs and temporarily securing them;

Drilling holes in the wall for disc dowels through the insulation and wind-hydroprotective membrane in full according to the project and installing the dowels.

The distance from the dowels to the edges of the heat-insulating board must be at least 50 mm.

Installation of heat-insulating boards begins with the bottom row, which are installed on a starting perforated profile or base and mounted from bottom to top.

The slabs are hung in a checkerboard pattern horizontally next to each other so that there are no through gaps between the slabs. The permissible size of an unfilled seam is 2 mm.

Additional thermal insulation boards must be securely fastened to the wall surface.

To install additional thermal insulation boards, they must be trimmed using hand tools. Breaking insulation boards is prohibited.

During installation, transportation and storage, thermal insulation boards must be protected from moisture, contamination and mechanical damage.

Before starting the installation of heat-insulating boards, the replacement grip on which work will be carried out must be protected from atmospheric moisture.

3.13 The adjusting load-bearing and support brackets are attached to the load-bearing and support brackets, respectively. The position of these brackets is adjusted in such a way as to ensure alignment with the vertical level of deviation of wall irregularities. The brackets are secured using bolts with special stainless steel washers.

3.14 Attaching vertical guide profiles to the adjusting brackets is carried out in the following sequence. The profiles are installed in the grooves of the regulating load-bearing and support brackets. Then the profiles are fixed with rivets to the supporting brackets. The profile is installed freely in the support control brackets, which ensures its free vertical movement to compensate for temperature deformations.

In places where two successive profiles join vertically, to compensate for temperature deformations, it is recommended to maintain a gap in the range from 8 to 10 mm.

3.15 When arranging an abutment to the base, the perforated cover plate is fastened using an angle to the vertical guide profiles using blind rivets (Fig. ).

3.16 Installation of facing panels begins from the bottom row and proceeds from bottom to top (Fig. ).

Sliding brackets (9) are installed on the vertical guide profiles (4). The upper sliding bracket is installed in the design position (fixed with setscrew 10), and the lower one in the intermediate position (9). The panel is placed on the upper sliding brackets and, by moving the lower sliding brackets, is installed “in the spacer”. The upper sliding brackets of the panel are additionally secured with self-tapping screws against vertical shift. Against horizontal shear, the panels are also additionally secured to the supporting profile with rivets (11).

3.17 When installing facing panels at the junction of vertical guides (bearing profiles) (Fig.), two conditions must be met: the upper facing panel must close the gap between the supporting profiles; The design value of the gap between the lower and upper facing panels must be accurately maintained. To fulfill the second condition, it is recommended to use a template made of a square wooden block. The length of the bar is equal to the width of the facing panel, and the edges are equal to the design value of the gap between the lower and upper facing panels.

Rice. 5. Connection to the base

Rice. 6. Installation of the facing panel

Rice. 7. Installation of facing panels at the junction of supporting profiles

Rice. 8. Mounting point for cladding panels on the outer corner of the building

3.18 The connection of the ventilated facade to the outer corner of the building is carried out using a corner cladding panel (Fig. 8).

Corner cladding panels are manufactured by the manufacturer or on site to the dimensions specified in the façade design.

The corner cladding panel is attached to the supporting frame using the above methods, and to the side wall of the building using the corners shown in Fig. 8. Required condition is the installation of anchor dowels to secure the corner cladding panel at a distance of no closer than 100 mm from the corner of the building.

3.19 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade that does not have junctions and window frames is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchor points for installing load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening load-bearing and support brackets to the wall using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the supporting and support brackets of the adjusting brackets using locking bolts;

Attachment to the adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Installation work is carried out in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraphs. - and pp. and this technological map.

3.20 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade with a window frame is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchoring points for installing load-bearing and support brackets, as well as anchoring points for attaching window frame elements to the building wall;

Fastening window frame substructure elements to the wall ();

Attaching load-bearing and support brackets to the wall;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Attachment to load-bearing and support brackets of control brackets;

Attachment to the adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Fastening the window frame to the guide profiles with additional fastening to the frame profile (Fig. , , );

Installation of facing panels.

3.21 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade adjacent to the parapet is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchoring points for installing load-bearing and support brackets to the building wall, as well as anchoring points for attaching the parapet ebb to the parapet;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening load-bearing and support brackets to the wall using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the supporting and support brackets of the adjusting brackets using locking bolts;

Attachment to the adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Installation of facing panels;

Attaching the parapet ebb to the parapet and to the guide profiles ().

3.22 During breaks in work on a replaceable grip, the insulated part of the facade that is not protected from atmospheric precipitation is covered with a protective polyethylene film or in another way to prevent the insulation from getting wet.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

4.1 The quality of the ventilated façade is ensured by ongoing monitoring technological processes preparatory and installation work, as well as during acceptance of work. According to the results current control technological processes, inspection reports of hidden work are drawn up.

4.2 In the process of preparing installation work, check:

Readiness of the working surface of the building facade, structural elements of the facade, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;

Material: galvanized steel (sheet 5 > 0.55 mm) according to GOST 14918-80

Rice. 9. General form window frame

Rice. 10. Connection to the window opening (bottom)

Horizontal section

Rice. 11. Adjacent to the window opening (from the side)

*Depending on the density of the building envelope material.

Rice. 12. Connection to the window opening (top)

Vertical section

Rice. 13. Junction to the parapet

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

Quality of insulation (slab sizes, absence of tears, dents and other defects);

Quality of facing panels (size, absence of scratches, dents, bends, breaks and other defects).

4.3 During installation work, the following is checked for compliance with the design:

Accuracy of façade markings;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of load-bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening of insulation slabs to the wall;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for wall unevenness;

Accuracy of installation of supporting profiles and, in particular, gaps at the places where they are joined;

Flatness facade panels and air gaps between them and the insulation boards;

The correctness of the framing of the completion of the ventilated facade.

4.4 When accepting work, the ventilated façade as a whole is inspected and especially carefully the frames of the corners, windows, plinth and parapet of the building. Defects discovered during inspection are eliminated before the facility is put into operation.

4.5 Acceptance of the assembled facade is documented in an act with an assessment of the quality of work. Quality is assessed by the degree of compliance of the parameters and characteristics of the assembled facade with those specified in the technical documentation for the project. Attached to this act are certificates of inspection of hidden work (according to).

4.6 Controlled parameters, methods of their measurement and evaluation are given in table. 1.

Table 1

Controlled parameters

	Technological processes and operations	Parameters, characteristics	Tolerance of parameter values	Control method and tool	Control time
	Facade marking	Marking accuracy	0.3 mm at 1 m	Laser level and level	In the process of marking
	Drilling holes for dowels	Depth h, diameter D	Depth h 10 mm longer than the dowel; D+ 0.2 mm	Depth gauge, bore gauge	During drilling
	Attaching the brackets	Precision, durability	According to the project	Level, level	During fastening
	Attaching insulation to the wall	Strength, correctness, humidity no more than 10%		Moisture meter	During and after fastening
	Attaching the Adjustment Brackets	Compensation for wall unevenness		Visually
	Fastening guide profiles	Gaps at joints	According to the project (at least 10 mm)		In progress
	Fastening cladding panels	Deviation of the façade surface plane from the vertical	1/500 of the height of the ventilated facade, but not more than 100 mm	Measuring, every 30 m along the width of the facade, but at least three measurements per volume received	During and after installation of the facade

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

5.1 The need for basic materials and products is given in Table 2.

table 2

	Name	Unit	Requirement for 600 m2 of façade (including total window area 78.75 m2)
	Installation of the supporting frame:
	load-bearing bracket
	support bracket
	load-bearing control bracket
	support adjustment bracket
	vertical guide
	sliding bracket
	blind rivet 5×12 mm (stainless steel)
	set screw
	M8 locking bolt complete with washer and nut
	locking screw
	mounting bracket window connections
	Thermal insulation and wind protection:
	insulation
	disc dowel
	windproof film
	Installation of facing panels
	facing panel:
	P1 - 1000×900 mm
	P2 - 1000×700 mm
	P3 - 1000×750 mm
	P4 - 500×750 mm
	U1 - external corner, N - 1000 mm, IN- 350×350×200 mm
	perforated profile (base unit)
	framing adjoining the window opening:
	lower (L - 1500 mm)
	lateral (L = 1500 mm)
	top (L = 1500 mm) pcs.
	top facing panel (parapet assembly)

5.2 The need for mechanisms, equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in Table 3.

Table 3

	Name	Type, brand, GOST, drawing No., manufacturer	Technical characteristics	Purpose	Quantity per link
	Facade lift (cradle)	PF3851B, JSC "Tver Experimental Mechanical Plant"	Working deck length 4 m, load capacity 300 kg, lifting height up to 150 m	Carrying out installation work at height
	Plumb line, cord		Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg	Measuring linear dimensions
	Lever head screwdriver nickname	Screwdriver Profi INFOTEKS LLC	Reversible lever
	Manual impact wrench		The tightening torque is determined by race couple	Screwing in/unscrewing nuts, screws, bolts
	Electric drill with screw attachments	Interskol DU-800-ER	Power consumption 800 W, maximum drilling diameter in concrete 20 mm, weight 2.5 kg	Drilling holes and screwing bolts
	Hand riveting tools	Riveting pliers "ENKOR"		Installation of rivets
	Battery rivet gun	Cordless riveter ERT 130 “RIVETEC”	Riveting force 8200 N, working stroke 20 mm, weight with battery 2.2 kg	Installation of blind rivets
	Scissors for cutting metal (right, left)	Hand electric scissors VERN-0.52-2.5; metal scissors "Master"	Power 520 W, cutting thickness of aluminum sheet up to 2.5 mm; right, left, size 240 mm	Cutting cladding panels
				Driving dowels
	Protective gloves for laying thermal insulation		Split	Work safety
	Inventory fencing for work areas	GOST 2340-78			Actual location
	Safety belt
	Construction helmet	GOST 124.087-84	Weight 0.2 kg		8.6 Workplaces, if necessary, must have temporary fencing in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89 “SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions". 8.7 Construction site, work areas, workplaces, passages and approaches to them in dark time days must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85 “SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites." Illumination should be uniform, without the glare of lighting devices on workers. 8.8 When installing a ventilated facade using a facade lift, the following requirements must be met: The area around the projection of the lift onto the ground must be fenced. The presence of unauthorized persons in this area during operation, installation and dismantling of the lift is prohibited; When installing consoles, it is necessary to attach a poster with the inscription “Attention! Consoles are being installed"; Before attaching the ropes to the consoles, it is necessary to check the reliability of the ropes on the thimble; The attachment of ropes to the consoles must be checked after each movement of the console; The ballast, consisting of counterweights, must be securely fastened after installation on the console. Spontaneous discharge of ballast must be excluded; When carrying out work on the lift, posters “Do not remove ballast” and “Danger to the lives of workers” must be attached to the consoles; The lifting and safety ropes must be reliably tensioned using weights. When the lift is operating, the weights must not touch the ground; Additional weights and ballast elements (counterweights) must indicate their actual mass. The use of untared weights and counterweights is prohibited; Work on the lift should only be carried out with helmets; Entry into and exit from the lift cradle must be done only from the ground; When working in the cradle of a lift, the worker must always use a safety belt secured to the handrails of the cradle. 8.9 When operating the lift, it is prohibited: Carry out work on the lift at wind speeds above 8.3 m/s, during snowfall, rain or fog, as well as at night (in the absence of the necessary lighting); Use a faulty lift; Overload the lift; There are more than two people on the lift; Carry out welding work from the lift cradle; Work without winch and catcher covers. 8.10 Design development of issues related to ensuring the safety of the work considered in this map is not required. 

The building has a plan size of 25.2 × 37.2. The height of the insulated walls is 6m. There are 28 windows on the facade. 1.2 x 2.4 and 2 doors measuring 2.2 x 1.8

1 GENERAL PART. AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

Expanded polystyrene blocks are used for insulation of external enclosing structures during the construction of new, reconstruction and major repairs of existing buildings and structures with subsequent plastering work using the " wet facade».

live The main elements of insulation are:

The card provides for facade insulation with polystyrene foam blocks during the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures.

2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

The scope of work covered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of scaffolding, installation of PSB.

Table. Work count sheet

Work is performed in 1 shift. There are 5 lines of assemblers working per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each line.

		Labor Costing
NN	Rationale	Name of works	Unit.	Scope of work	N. time per unit	Even composition	N time
for the entire volume	Prof.	resolution
	Number	GESN 09-O4-10-3	Construction and dismantling of scaffolding		0,4	m2
	installer	GESN 26-01-041 01	Installation and fastening of insulation		18,7	m2			1234,2
		1m 3	Fastening horizon elements	2,10	36,34	m2

100 pieces.

GESN 26-01-041 01. Insulation of cold surfaces with foam products

Meter: 1 m3 insulation

The scope of work is normal: 01. Preparation of the insulated surface. 02. Sawing slabs. 03. Installation of frame slats with fastenings. 04. Preparation of the solution. 05. Coating the insulated surface with glue. 06. Styling thermal insulation materials

with fitting and fastening.

Installation of PSB

1234/8=154 people/day

154/5*2=15.4 working days

Before starting installation work, the following preparatory work must be carried out: According to the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001, the work area (as well as approaches to it and nearby areas) is freed from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction waste

- from the wall of the building to the boundary of the zone dangerous for people when operating façade lifts;

It is necessary to store sheets of composite material on a construction site on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on level ground, in increments of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for more than 1 month, the sheets should be arranged with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

Marking of installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

MAIN WORK

When organizing installation work, the area of ​​the building facade is divided into vertical sections, within which work is carried out by different teams of installers from the first or second facade lifts (Fig.). The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working deck of the facade lift cradle (5 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building.

Installation of the ventilated facade begins from the base of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical sections simultaneously. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Direction of work

Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out as follows: technological sequence:

1. Fastening the base profile;

2. Applying an adhesive solution to the surface of the insulation;

3. Gluing the insulation to the wall surface;

4. Fastening the insulation to the wall with plastic dowels;

5. Leveling the surface of the glued slabs;

The lower part of the insulating layer is protected from mechanical damage using a base profile (see figure). These profiles, except protective functions, hold the first row of insulating boards, and a drip molded on the bottom of the profile eliminates water leaks along the base wall from rain, which may appear after rain. Plinth profiles are sized to suit different thicknesses of thermal insulation. The insulation must fit exactly into the base profile without gaps.

Rice. Attaching the plinth profile to the wall

Attaching the insulation

To attach insulation boards to the surface, a cement-based adhesive mixture is used for interior and exterior work. Mixture consumption – 2.2-2.9 kg/m2.

Gluing insulation Produce at a temperature not lower than +50C and no rain. Insulation boards are glued to the base using glue mixture. The adhesive solution is prepared at the construction site manually using an electric mixer:

To the measured amount of water (5-5.5 liters), you need to slowly pour the contents of the bag (25 kg) and mix thoroughly with a drill and stirrer at low speed. After obtaining a homogeneous consistency, set aside for 10 minutes and then stir again. The solution prepared in this way retains its properties for 4 hours. The mixture is mixed until smooth and free of lumps. Then, it is mixed again after 5 minutes.

Apply the adhesive mass to the edges of the insulation board in strips 3 - 4 cm wide at a distance of about 3 cm from the edge so that during gluing the mass is not squeezed out beyond the edges of the polystyrene foam. Apply about 6-8 cakes, 3-4 cm thick, in the central part of the insulation board. Select the amount of mortar so that at least 50% of the slab surface has contact with the base through the glue.

After applying the adhesive solution, immediately attach the slab to the wall in the designated place, fixing it with blows with a long wooden float. At the same time, control the position of the plate both vertically and horizontal planes using a level. If the glue is squeezed out beyond the contour of the slab, it should be removed. Do not press the insulation boards repeatedly or move them after several minutes. If the slab is glued incorrectly, you should tear it off, remove the adhesive solution from the wall, and then reapply the adhesive mass to the slab and press the slab to the wall surface. The slabs should be laid horizontally, maintaining the staggered order of the seams, and “overlapping” at the corners. The width of the vertical and horizontal cracks should not exceed 2 mm. If there is a wider gap, it cannot be filled with an adhesive solution. A narrow strip of insulation should be inserted into such a gap and pressed without using adhesive solution. Before insulating the openings, you need to glue strips of reinforced mesh in them of such a width that they can later be turned out with a margin of 15 cm for polystyrene foam and on the wall. Attach the mesh to the walls using an adhesive solution. The vertical position of the polystyrene foam board is controlled using a leveling ruler

For insulation window and door slopes Insulation boards with a thickness of at least 3 cm should be used. Bring insulation through the slopes up to the frames (boxes). Glue insulation slabs (min. 3cm thick) to the surface of the upper and vertical slopes, cutting them so that the slabs glued to the wall plane exactly adjoin the slabs insulating the slopes. After applying the polystyrene foam to the base, you need to carefully press it with a float. Placing the adhesive on a notched trowel ensures a clean joint between the boards. Cut the expanded polystyrene board to a width 5 mm less than the width of the slope, or before gluing, cut a wedge 8-10 mm wide from the board and fill the gap formed between the expanded polystyrene and silicone mastic window frame. After laying the insulation boards, but before applying the main reinforcing layer, strengthen the corners of the openings by gluing pieces of reinforcing mesh measuring 20x35, the rectangles of which are embedded in the adhesive solution with a smooth trowel. This operation cannot be avoided, as cracks may form that develop from the corner.

The corners of window and door openings should be sanded with a grater and sandpaper. This will allow you to get even sharp corners. If there are gaps between the glued insulation boards, you need to fill them with fitted strips of insulation. In the case of small gaps into which it is difficult to insert insulation, it is recommended to widen them and insert the insulation with force without an adhesive solution. Do not fill gaps with glue.

Leveling the surface of insulation boards

Any uneven surfaces of glued insulation boards should be sanded with abrasive paper attached to a hard trowel. This operation can be performed after the adhesive holding the insulation has hardened (min. 48 hours after gluing the board). This is a very important operation, since thin layers of finishing will not be able to hide even small irregularities.

Fastening insulation boards with dowels

48 - 60 hours after gluing the slabs, you should begin mechanically fastening the slabs to the base using special disc-type dowels.

The number and placement of dowels depends primarily on the following factors:

Insulated wall material;

Like thermal insulation structure(primarily from its weight along with adhesive composition, reinforcing mesh, leveling and decorative layers);

Heights of the insulated building;

For walls made of solid brick, stone - 50 mm;

For walls made of hollow brick, light and porous concrete - 80-90 mm.

The depth of the hole for the driven part of the dowel should be 10 - 15 mm greater than the established anchoring depth of the dowel

After securing the dowels, you need to drive spacer tips into them.

If the tip is difficult to drive in completely, you need to pull out the dowel, deepen the hole and hammer the tip in again. Cutting off spacer tips that are not completely driven in is not allowed.

With properly reinforced plastic dowels, their heads should be in the same plane as the polystyrene foam. This can be checked by applying a long strip to the wall. The protruding dowel heads above the surface of the polystyrene foam will be visible after the final finishing of the wall.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

The quality of facade insulation is ensured by ongoing monitoring of technological processes of preparatory and installation work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of ongoing monitoring of technological processes, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up.

In preparation installation work is checked:

Readiness of the working surface of the building facade, structural elements of the facade, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

The quality of the insulation (dimensions of the slabs, absence of tears, dents and other defects).

During installation work check for compliance with the project:

Accuracy of façade markings;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of load-bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening of insulation slabs to the wall;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for wall unevenness;

The accuracy of installation of supporting profiles and, in particular, the gaps at the places where they are joined.

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Material requirement

Soil 132 kg

PSB-S 25 1000*1000*100 66 m3

Dowel for fastening thermal insulation 10*160 with metal nail 330pcs

Glue bag 25 kg (per 10 m2) 66 bags

Plaster mesh 50 m2

Base strip 125 m

Profile for corners 100 pm

Dowel nails 1000 pcs

Machines, devices, inventory

6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

7 WORK SCHEDULE

8 SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

1. Work must be performed by specially trained workers under the guidance and control of engineering and technical workers.

2. Devices designed to ensure the safety of workers and ease of work (cradles, scaffolding) must meet the requirements of GOST 28347-89/ When operating the lift, it is prohibited - to carry out work on the lift at a wind speed of over 8.3 m/s, during snowfall, rain or fog, in the absence of the necessary lighting.

3. Work on installation, storage, loading and unloading of long goods metal structures(cladding panels) should be done using gloves. High-altitude work with slings and helmets.

4. Means small mechanization with voltages above 42 V must be grounded

5. Carrying out cladding and insulation work using flammable materials simultaneously with welding and other work using open fire is prohibited.

6. If a fire or signs of combustion are detected, notify the fire service and take all possible measures.

7. In each shift, constant technical supervision must be provided by foremen, foremen, foremen and other persons responsible for the safe conduct of work.

The walls of houses built from brick, various wall blocks, and even more so - representing reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for regulatory thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building envelope.

There are many different approaches to . But if the owners prefer external finishing your home, made of decorative plaster, in its “pure” form or using facade paints, That optimal choice becomes a wet façade insulation technology. This publication will discuss how complex such work is, what is required to carry it out, and how all this can be done on your own.

What is meant by a “wet façade” insulation system?

First of all, it is necessary to understand the terminology - what is “wet facade” technology, and how does it differ from, say, conventional wall cladding insulation materials from further decorative cladding wall panels(siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using building compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is plastering the already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary, covered ones. decorative plaster. As a result, two important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate insulation scheme using the “wet facade” technology is shown in the figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation using “wet facade” technology

1 – insulated facade wall of the building.

2 – layer of construction adhesive mixture.

3 – insulation boards of synthetic (one type or another) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 – additional mechanical fastening thermal insulation layer - “fungi” dowels.

5 – protective and leveling plaster layer, mesh reinforced(pos. 6).

This system of complete thermal insulation and facade finishing has a number of significant advantages:

• Very material-intensive installation of the frame structure is not required.
• The system turns out to be quite light. And it can be successfully used on most façade walls.
• The frameless system also predetermines the almost complete absence of “cold bridges” - the insulating layer is monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
• In addition to insulation, facade walls also receive an excellent soundproofing barrier, which helps reduce both airborne and impact noise.
• With the correct calculation of the insulating layer, the “dew point” is completely removed from the wall structure and taken outside. The possibility of the wall getting wet and colonies of mold or mildew appearing in it is eliminated.
• The outer plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical loads and atmospheric influences.
• In principle, the technology is not complicated, and if the rules are strictly followed, any homeowner can handle it.

• If the work is done well, such an insulated facade will not require repairs for at least 20 years. However, if you want to update the finish, this can easily be done without compromising the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

• Seasonality of work - it is permissible to carry it out only at positive (at least +5°C) temperatures and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over +30°C) air temperatures, on the sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
• Increased demands and high quality materials, and strict adherence to technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even peeling of large fragments of insulation and finishing.

As mentioned, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used as insulation. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still, for a “wet facade”, high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values ​​of thermal conductivity, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess moisture will freely find its way out of the premises through the wall structure and evaporate into the atmosphere. With expanded polystyrene it is more difficult - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it even tends to zero. Thus, the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulating layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures Cracking and even “shooting” of large sections of insulation along with finishing layers occur.

There are special topics of expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is resolved to a certain extent. But basalt wool has another important advantage - absolute non-flammability, which expanded polystyrene cannot boast of. But for facade walls this is a very serious issue. And this article will consider best option– “wet facade” insulation technology using mineral wool.

How to choose insulation?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a “wet facade”?

As is already clear from the concept diagram of a “wet facade,” the insulation must, on one side, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other, withstand the considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density and ability to withstand loads - both dent (compression) and rupture of their fiber structure (delamination).

Naturally, not every insulation classified as mineral wool, is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs made of basalt fibers are applicable, produced using a special technology - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of insulation based on basalt fibers in their product line include the production of slabs specifically designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent finishing with plaster, that is, for a “wet facade”. The characteristics of several of the most popular types are shown in the table below:

Name of parameters	"ROCKWOOL FACADE BUTTS"	"Baswool Facade"	"Izovol F-120"	"TechnoNIKOL Technofas"
Illustration
Material density, kg/m³	130	135-175	120	136-159
Tensile strength, kPa, not less
- for compression at 10% deformation	45	45	42	45
- for delamination	15	15	17	15
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m×°C):
- calculated at t = 10 °С	0,037	0,038	0,034	0,037
- calculated at t = 25 °С	0,039	0,040	0,036	0,038
-operational under conditions “A”	0,040	0,045	0,038	0,040
- operational under conditions “B”	0,042	0,048	0,040	0,042
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG	NG
Fire safety class	KM0	-	-	-
Vapor permeability (mg/(m×h×Pa), not less	0,3	0,31	0,3	0,3
Moisture absorption by volume when partially immersed	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%
Slab dimensions, mm
- lenght and width	1000×600	1200×600	1000×600	1000×500 1200×600
- slab thickness	25, from 30 to 180	from 40 to 160	from 40 to 200	from 40 to 150

There is no point in experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool, since such a “wet facade” will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for “wet facades”, from 25 to 200 mm, usually in increments of 10 mm.

What thickness should I choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the created “wet facade” system must provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness means extra costs, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful from the point of view of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually, the optimal thickness of insulation is calculated by specialists. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, the insulated wall must have a total heat transfer resistance not lower than the standard value determined for of this region. This parameter is tabular, it is in reference books, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the diagram map below.

A wall is a multilayer structure, each layer of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If the thickness and material of each layer, existing or planned (the wall itself, internal and exterior decoration etc.), then it is easy to calculate their total resistance and compare it with the standard value in order to obtain the difference that needs to be “covered” by additional thermal insulation.

We will not bore the reader with formulas, but will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator that will quickly and with minimal error calculate the required thickness of insulation with basalt wool intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of insulation of the “wet facade” system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

• Using the diagram map for your region, determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls (purple numbers).
• Check the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
• Decide on thickness and material interior decoration walls

The thickness of the external plaster finishing of the walls is already taken into account in the calculator and will not need to be added.

• Enter the requested values ​​and get the result. It can be rounded up to the standard thickness of manufactured insulation boards.

If suddenly received negative meaning– no wall insulation required.

Technological map for Penoplex insulation device

Scope of application of the technological map for penoplex

The technical map was developed for a roof with a slope of less than 10% in relation to a one-story workshop industrial building, the overall layout of which is 72x24 m.

The work in question includes laying insulation boards on bitumen.

Organization and technology of the construction process

Before starting work on installing thermal insulation, work must be done on laying the profiled sheet.

For thermal insulation, extruded polystyrene foam material "Penoplex" is used, laid on bitumen BN-90/10 GOST 6617-76. Penoplex slabs are certified in the GOST R Gosstandart of Russia and Mosstroycertification systems and are approved for use as a heat and sound insulating material by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Conclusion of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Center.

Penoplex slabs are delivered to the site to the mast lift. The supply of insulation boards to the roof is carried out by a mast cargo lift S-598A. The slabs are transported to the workplace manually.

Hot bitumen is prepared centrally and delivered to the construction site in asphalt distributors. Bitumen is supplied to the coating using a SO-100A machine. The SO-100A machine is mounted on a trailer. Bitumen from the asphalt distributor is pumped into the SO-100A machine and supplied to the coating through a pipeline. The pipeline in the vertical section is attached to the wall of the building with brackets with clamps, and on inventory racks with a reverse slope of 0.01%.

Bitumen is delivered to the work site in tanks filled to 3/4 capacity, on a pneumatic wheeled cart. The tank is refilled from the bitumen pipeline dispensing points.

Penoplex thermal insulation boards are laid over the coating on bitumen with a tight fit to the vapor barrier layer.

Before starting work, the roofer checks the dryness of the base and installs beacons that allow the slabs to be laid in an even layer. To carry out the work, the covering in plan is divided into grips (9x12).

All work on the installation of Penoplex slabs is carried out to meet the supply of materials. Before laying the slabs, hot bitumen (160-190) is applied to the surface of the coating in strips 100-120 mm wide at intervals of 150-200 mm. Bitumen is poured into buckets and leveled over the surface with brushes.

Thermal insulation boards must be laid from the top to the bottom marks, with the long side across the roof slope.

The joints of the slabs have a stepped shape, which ensures a tight lock and allows the slabs to be overlapped.

Coat the ends of the slabs located at the edges of the coating with bitumen.

When storing and transporting thermal insulation boards, measures must be taken: the boards can be stored on outdoors in the original packaging, but they must be protected from prolonged exposure to sunlight to prevent destruction of the top layer of the slabs.

After thermal insulation is completed within 24 hours, it is necessary to cover the slabs with geotextile material, which will protect the slabs from ultraviolet sunlight, followed by covering it with gravel 5 cm thick.

Thermal insulation device in winter period in accordance with SNiP III-20-74*, it is allowed at an outside air temperature not lower than -20° C.

It is prohibited to lay slabs on surfaces that have not been cleared of frost, snow and ice.

To protect the base from damage when people move on the surface, a wooden flooring is installed.

Calculation No. 1: number of lifts of Penoplex insulation boards using a mast lift:

The size of the Penoplex slabs is 2250x1500x30 mm;

Consumption of Penoplex boards - (72x24)/(2.25x1.5)=512 pcs;

The lift lifts 29 slabs;

Number of lifts 512/29=18.

Calculation Nº2: Standard time for supplying bitumen using the SO-100A machine:

Meter - 1 m³ bitumen;

The amount of bitumen per coating is 2 tons or 1.82 m³;

Machine productivity - 6 m³;

Team composition: driver 3 rubles - 1 person, thermal insulator 2 rubles - 1 person.

Standard time for meter: man-hour.