Types of facade rusticated plaster. Technological processes of plastering Applying rust on the facade
The rusticated facade is a cladding external walls at home by creating recesses in the plaster, or by gluing elements that divide it into parts.
What is rustic? This word translated from Latin means “rustic”, “rough”, “uncouth”. In architecture, this word refers to stones tightly fitted to each other. rectangular shape, with a smooth line around the perimeter.
This type was used back in Ancient Rome, thereby protecting the walls of the first floors of the building from moisture and noise, as well as from impacts of passing carts.
Despite their ancient origins, rusticated facades in Russia appeared only in the 18th century, and belong to the Neo-Renaissance style.
Methods for creating rustics
There are several ways to create rustications with your own hands.
- Padding;
- Sawing;
- By embedding the slats;
- By drawing according to a template;
- Pulling out stones along with rustics;
- Decorative rustications made of polystyrene foam.
Making rustications
Before creating, the surface of the walls is marked with stones using a cord or ruler. Let's look separately at each of the ways to create rustications on the facade.
Rusts on polystyrene foam
One of the most popular methods is the decision to create rustics simultaneously with insulating the building with polystyrene foam.
- The façade is rusticated using a special rustling machine such as Wind-Lack due to a bendable plate that does not change shape when heated. The price of such a knife is about $400.
- To maintain smooth contours, 2 galvanized steel templates are usually used. You can see one type of such a machine in operation in the photo.
- Expanded polystyrene is glued to the facade using Ceresit CT 83, CT 85 glue. To do this, apply the solution liberally to the foam and press it to the facade. detailed instructions the sticking is shown in the video.
- After drying, after about three days, a base reinforcing layer is applied. To do this, a fiberglass mesh is embedded in Ceresit CT 85 adhesive.
Advice!
Start gluing the mesh with small elements and finish on the main plane of the wall. Do not forget that you first need to apply glue to the wall, and then recess the mesh.
- After this, you need to apply the quartz primer Ceresit CT 16. It can be as follows: white, and with the addition of color. A primed façade can remain in this condition for several years.
- When the primer dries, you can finish the wall decorative plaster. It comes in several types: mineral, bark beetle, painted with acrylic, silicone or silicate paint.
Advice!
We recommend using plaster for finishing facades. the following types: acrylic Ceresit CT 60 (pebble), CT 63 (large bark beetle), CT 64 (medium), silicate-silicone CT 174 (pebble), CT 175 (bark beetle).
Stuffing with a ruler
- Rusts are filled with a metal ruler over a fresh layer of covering.
- A ruler 5-15 mm thick is applied to the marked line. and by 5-10 mm. goes deep inside with hammer blows.
- Then the ruler is smoothly removed so as not to damage the edges.
Sawing
If you want to get thin rustics, then use a saw or grinder. In this case, a cut is made on the final layer, which has already hardened.
This work is most conveniently carried out by three people: one worker creates the recesses, and the other two move the stop along the wall.
Using this method, you can achieve different widths of the rustication; for this, several parallel cuts are made, and the contents between them are knocked out with a chisel. Rough lines are corrected and rubbed with trowels.
Wood slats
With the help of slats you can create rustics of large width. To do this, lubricated plaster is driven into the weak plaster. wooden slats with a trapezoidal cross section. Depending on the required depth, the slats are installed in the covering or primer of the plaster.
When the solution dries, the slats are removed and defective areas are corrected manually.
Pulling while plastering
You can also pull out rusty areas while plastering. To do this, the surface of the frozen soil is divided into parts, templates are hung and, simultaneously with the application of the final layer of plaster, the rustications are pulled out.
If deep rusts are necessary, the base underneath them is removed.
Depending on the size and shape of the rustications, work on their creation using this method is carried out by two or three people. Two workers apply the coating solution, the third holds the template. First they are made horizontal stripes, then vertical. When all the lines are ready, they are rubbed with a smooth wooden strip, which is passed along the previously created rusts.
Stucco molding
The easiest way to create rusticated facades is to use ready-made decorative elements made of expanded polystyrene. They are stucco molding that is attached to liquid nails or construction adhesive. Installing such elements is a simple and quick task, which is almost no different from gluing stucco molding inside a building.
Conclusion
Rustication of facades is quite expensive, responsible and labor-intensive process, however, the result will look extremely beautiful and luxurious. If you want to create a home in classic style – The best decision for you the use of rusticated facades.
What could be more expressive natural materials? For example, a stone. It can look strict, laconic, and sometimes sensual or aristocratic. Architects and designers have long used these unique qualities to give building facades a special, distinctive look. Thus, decorative elements made from natural marble added a touch of pomp and luxury to the image, but to enhance the impression of respectability and solidity, rustications made from hard varieties of this natural material were used.
Rusts - the power of raw stone
Sometimes façade rustics they could even look like rough, unhewn natural stones or like smoothly polished wooden or stone plates. In the first case, the emphasis was on the inviolability and static nature of the stone, which gave the facade a really very masculine and, one might say, brutal look. Of course, the stones were selected with a special thickness and were often processed, brought to the desired shape, size and texture, but they still looked very natural and natural. Smooth rustications, on the contrary, always look solemn and calm on the facade; they seem to set a vertical rhythm for the entire facade, making it more presentable and expressive.
Modern rusticated stones
IN modern conditions It is much easier and cheaper to make façade rustics than during Antiquity or the Renaissance. Comfortable material Polyurethane is considered for this purpose, since it can be given not only the texture and shape of natural rusticated stones, but also painted in desired color. In addition, polyurethane rustics are many times lighter than a natural stone, that is, even facades completely finished with them do not become heavier and do not require additional reinforcement of the foundation and load-bearing structures.
Despite new technologies, design solution rustics can also be divided into two types: “stone” and “panel”. The first type, stone-shaped rustics, are small decorative elements rectangular or square in shape with a smooth or textured surface, for example, imitating natural granite or sandstone. They are most often used to decorate the base, bay windows and corners of the building, or to decorate individual parts of the facade. It is customary to arrange such rustications in a checkerboard pattern; another option is to select elements of 2-4 sizes and make a free composition from them.
Panel-shaped rustics look like long horizontal stripes covering the plinth or lower surface of the facade. They are mounted above each other at some distance from each other. Moreover, I stack them both strictly on top of each other and in a running direction. In any case, the result is a very solid and monumental facade, worthy of the most luxurious mansion.
In the catalogs of decorative façade elements from the ProfDeko company, you can select rustics by both “stone” and “panel” types, and our on-line consultants will help you calculate required amount and sizes of polyurethane elements.
Often interfloor ceilings are made from prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs. There are always seams between the slabs. Due to the fact that each slab receives its own load during operation, cracks almost always form on the seams sealed with mortar. To distribute the load on the seam, it is embroidered, making a depression - rust. In addition, in the depression of the rust, a thin longitudinal crack will not be so noticeable.
Before starting work, the seam is prepared: a chisel and hammer are used to knock down the mortar spills from the seam, and the surface is cleaned with a metal brush. The surface must also be moistened with water to remove dust and to prevent water from the solution from being absorbed into the surface. Then the gap between the slabs must be filled with tow soaked in liquid gypsum or cement milk. Tow densely fills the space between the slabs. Gypsum or cement milk holds the tow and floor slabs together, and the tow reinforces the space between the slabs. But it does not reinforce rigidly, but smoothly transferring the load from one slab to another. The tow should not reach the front surface by 15...20 mm. The remaining space is filled with solution. Most often used cement mortar, but mixed can also be used.
The mortar is applied to the seam flush with the floor slabs. Then the solution is leveled and rubbed. “Pulling” the rust is done using a slightly set solution. To ensure straightness of the rustication, usually two or three thin thrust slats are attached to the ceiling along the entire length of the seam, which are 10...15 cm greater than the height of the room. The slats in the middle bend, spring and press the rule to the ceiling (Fig. 1). The rule is set not in the middle of the seam, but a little further away, so that the middle of the rustication pressed to the rule falls in the middle of the seam. Rustication is carried out according to the rule, cutting through the rustication. The rust can also be embroidered with a template specially prepared for this (Fig. 2).
Figure 1. Attaching rules to ceilings: 1 – rule; 2 – slats
Figure 2. Template for performing rustication
After cutting through the rustication, the rules are lifted. If necessary, the surface is cleaned and rubbed.
The rust should be straight and located exactly in the middle between the floor slabs.
Looking at ancient buildings, the surface of which is externally masonry, you get the impression of the monumentality and strength of these buildings. These are called “rusticated”.
The term “rust” in architecture covers two concepts at once - finishing stone and dividing strips between individual stones.
The history of rustics stretches back to the times ancient Rome, where the lower parts of the walls were finished with rough stone slabs, with the goal of protecting them from the blows of the carts.
Currently, decorating facades with rustication is coming back into fashion. Moreover, there are many modern materials, allowing you to do this without using natural stone slabs, which can significantly reduce the cost and simplify the process.
Methods of finishing the facade with rustications
There are several ways to beautifully decorate the facade with rustications:
- Classic way. Its second name is “wet”, since its use involves the use.
- Using polystyrene foam to cut squares (imitation stones) and install them on the wall surface.
- Cutting out rustications in a layer of PP insulation.
- Using rustics from .
It is used for rusticating walls, both already covered with insulation and plaster, and without finishing.
The procedure is as follows:
You can make this method of cutting rustications somewhat easier by using an already smooth plastered wall. In this case different ways the rust is excavated. It's possible 
done in different ways:
- Pressing rust on a marked, still damp surface using a metal block and a hammer.
- Cutting rust directly into the wet mortar using special scrapers or saws.
- Cutting rust on a dry wall surface.
- Using batten sheathing attached to the wall before starting plastering works. Then the cells of the sheathing are filled with the solution, wait until it sets and the sheathing is removed.
This method, while guaranteeing an excellent result, however, has a number of disadvantages:
- High labor intensity and cost of work.
- The difficulty of finishing corners, cornices, etc. with rustication.
Therefore, now they use other methods of decorating facades.
Cutting squares from PP and attaching them to the wall. Here, polystyrene foam is both insulation and finishing material. The work is carried out as follows:
- The marking is made along the first layer of insulation, already covered with stack and reinforcing composition. The squares are cut into pieces in advance horizontal surface and according to the markings they are attached to the wall with dowels, nails, glue or foam.
- Then the quads are also covered with a reinforcing compound and.
- At the last stage, a finishing coating is applied to them.
This method is good because it allows you to easily correct errors in the manufacture of quadra (you can replace the damaged element with another one). It can be done on any type of insulation or directly on a “bare” wall.
The disadvantages include the fact that you have to use simple-shaped rustics (which can be cut from PP). The amount of polystyrene foam waste can be quite large.
Cutting through rustications directly into a layer of reinforced insulation. In this case, the grooves are cut directly on the wall, and a special aluminum or plastic rusticated profile is mounted in them. The edges of the profile are equipped with a special reinforcing mesh, which is embedded in the subsequent layer.
The advantages of this method are:
- possibility of use with any insulation;
- ideal parameters for rustication and no need for finishing;
- wide selection of rustication profiles;
- small amount of PP waste.
The disadvantages include the following:
- the depth of rustication is small, as it is limited by the size of the profile, which reduces the decorative effect of the finish;
- it is difficult to correct mistakes when cutting rustics directly on the wall;
- Quadra figures can only be rectilinear.
Combined method. It consists of preliminary cutting of rustications in the insulation panels directly on the ground, which greatly facilitates the work: 
- The surface of the facade is marked into cells corresponding to the size of the sheet.
- Sheets with cut-out rustications are attached to the wall according to the markings, ensuring that the rustications match.
- Reinforcing and finishing layers are applied to the insulation.
This method is good for almost waste-free use of material and is economical, since the insulation and finishing layer are combined in one PP layer. But the need to purchase a rustication machine will require costs in the amount of 6-7 thousand rubles.
Use of stucco - this is an expensive way. Stucco molding itself is not cheap, and the work of installing it on the facade requires costs.
Currently, simple stucco elements made of modified polystyrene foam with the addition of cement and lime can be found on the open market. Using them, you can decorate the facade of the house yourself:
The advantages of this method are:
- High quality and dimensional accuracy of molded elements.
- There is no need to attach them to dowel nails, only glue is used.
- Stucco elements are easy to paint.
In addition to the high cost, the second big disadvantage of this method is the rather large weight of such finishing in comparison with PP.
The main purpose of decorating walls with rustication is to give them, and the exterior of buildings, attractiveness and a resemblance to antiquity. Therefore, of course, you should not use expensive natural stone for this. Modern methods finishing and materials will allow you to do this cheaper and faster.
Rusts are one of the main types architectural design plinths and façade walls. The seams between the stones (ribbons) are made horizontal and vertical, various shapes, width and depth.
Most often, rustications are stuffed (Fig. 100) with steel rulers, cut with a saw, and decorated using inset smooth wooden slats. Complex rustications are drawn out using templates. Before filling the rustication, the surface of the walls or plinth is marked with stones using a beating cord or ruler.
A steel ruler (Fig. 100, a) is used to fill in rustications on a fresh, fragile layer of plaster. Ruler dimensions: thickness 8-10, width 40-50, length 500-800 mm. To obtain seams rectangular section The ruler is applied with its edge to the marking line and, by lightly tapping with a hammer, it is deepened by 5-10 mm, after which the ruler is carefully removed.
Thin rustications are cut through the hardened plaster with a saw. According to the breakdown made, apply the rule and use a saw blade of 20-30 cm in size, clamped in a clip, to saw through the rustications (Fig. 100, b). To obtain a wider rustication (1-2 cm), it is cut through the fragile plaster using rustication along the attached ruler.
Using slats, rustics are arranged as follows. Planed wooden slats of trapezoidal cross-section are attached to the surface of the walls or plinth broken into stones; the gap between them is filled with a solution, leveling and compacting it. Depending on the required depth of rust, the slats are installed in the ground or in the covering layer. After the solution has set, the slats are removed and the damaged areas and edges are straightened. The shape and size of the slats depend on the adopted shape and size of the rustication. Using a template (Fig. 100, c, d), the rustics are pulled out according to the established rules, similar to pulling out conventional rods.
Depending on the relief and depth, rustications are pulled out into the thickness of the soil or the covering layer. The template is prepared for simultaneous pulling of one strip or two strips of rustication along with the plane of stone enclosed between them. The body of deep rustications is formed by protrusions of brickwork.
Before performing work on installing rustications on the ceilings, the seams between the slabs are sealed with tow so that it is recessed into the seam 15-20 mm from the front surface of the slabs, then the seam is filled with mortar and leveled with a trowel flush with the surface of the ceiling.
After the solution has partially set, the rustications are cut out using special rustications, which are placed against the installed guide rail on the ceiling and, when cutting, are lightly pressed against it. The guide rails are attached to the ceilings with two or three thin fastening rails, which are 10-15 cm greater than the height of the room. The slats are placed between the guide rail and the floor, for which they are slightly bent. Curved slats hold the guide rails firmly against the ceilings. Instead of slats, it is recommended to use telescopic stands.
