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Do-it-yourself warm plaster for exterior work. Warm plaster for interior work: pros and cons. What is thermal insulation plaster

Recently, among thermal insulation products in construction industry appeared new material, which received the unofficial name warm plaster. In addition to the functions of providing protection to the walls of the building from the effects environment, the composition plays the role of heat insulating material, keeping energy inside the building.

When talking about plastering walls, the question that comes to mind is the labor intensity of the work and the need to attract specialists with experience and qualifications, but the classic application of sand-cement mixture to the walls does not solve the problem of wall insulation. With thermal insulation or “warm” plaster, there will be one less problem during construction.

When insulating, warm plaster is used for the facade and interior work. It is highly energy efficient, but remains an inexpensive construction raw material.

Material composition

For the manufacture of traditional plaster compositions, cement, sand, water, and, if necessary, mineral additives are used to add strength or frost resistance to the final product.

Thermal insulating plaster has the properties of both insulation and cement mixture.

This effect is achieved by applying a special recipe to the production of the material. The most common substances that are used to dilute the material to increase its energy-efficient properties of steel:

• expanded vermiculite;
• sawdust;
• granulated expanded clay crumbs;
• crushed pumice;
• granulated polystyrene foam.

Manufacturers and prices

The technology for producing the material appeared not so long ago, but there is already competition among manufacturers. Nowadays, the most famous heat-insulating plaster is of three brands: “Mishka” or “Varmix”, “Umka” and “Knauf”. Below is a description of each of them.

• Thermal insulation mixture "Umka". IN last years popular material. It has gained fame as a product suitable for finishing work interior spaces. The basis of “Umka” is granulated silicon balls. It has vapor barrier properties, does not absorb moisture, absorbs sound waves, and is an excellent thermal insulator. Silicon balls are odorless and harmless to human health. In addition to increased thermal insulation properties due to granulated ceramic balls, the plaster composition acquires increased strength with a lighter weight. specific gravity. Applying such a mixture to wall surfaces will not require additional processing soil compositions or installation of reinforcing mesh. In construction markets, “Umka” is sold at a price of 100 rubles per 1 kg.

• Warm plaster"Bear" or "Varmix". Someone confuses these two materials, but they have the same manufacturer who has rebranded trademark. Like the previous insulation, “Mishka” in its raw form is a dry mixture, which is diluted in the required proportions with water before application to the surface. The finished composition has high properties adhesion to any surface, eliminating the need to treat walls with primers. This is an excellent sound and vapor barrier material. "Mishka" has positive properties competitor and is used as a heat-insulating plaster for exterior use. The price in the store per kilogram of “Mishka” starts from 120 rubles per kilogram.

• Thermal insulating composition "Knauf". Manufacturers took care of the versatility of the final product. Knauf can be applied to any type of surface. Even floor slabs are insulated and plastered with the mixture. Due to the fact that the plaster composition is applied both manually and using machine mechanisms, a person has the opportunity to save time when performing work.

On construction market The manufacturer presents the mixture in a wide range of products, each of which is designed for specific tasks. By adding additives during production, the tasks of imparting the properties of frost resistance, moisture resistance, or other properties to the final product are solved.

The impact of negative temperatures during the operation of the building does not affect negative influence on its chemical or physical properties. Initially, the material is provided with high strength parameters, which gives the capital structures of the building additional protection.

Types of warm plaster

Technically, the material has the properties it needs due to the addition of insulating materials to the base. There are three types of mixtures based on composition.

• Vermiculite based plaster. This additive is produced by heat treatment mountain vermiculite rock. Expanded vermiculite has antiseptic properties, protecting wall coverings from the formation of harmful fungal growths. This lightweight mineral filler is added to ready-made dry mixtures, making it possible to use for facade work and interior decoration.
• A plaster mixture containing expanded polystyrene foam granules. The polystyrene foam content makes the plaster an excellent thermal insulator. In addition to this insulating material, the composition includes cement, lime, special additives and fillers. It is suitable for use as a warm plaster for exterior and interior construction work.
• Another type of this heat-insulating mixture is called “sawdust” , since in addition to cement, sawdust, clay, and paper are added to it. Due to the content of additional components, heat-insulating plaster for interior work is used for thermal insulation. Such warm plaster when performing external work on the outside of the wall is not resistant to constant exposure to moisture. However, it is also suitable for interior work. When insulating walls with this composition, keep in mind that during the period of hardening of the solution it is necessary to ensure constant ventilation of the room. “Sawdust” mortar is applied to brick and wooden walls. Hardening time is about two weeks. If you do not ventilate the room, the finishing surface will become covered with mold or mildew.

Cement heat-insulating plaster Knauf Grünband

The warm one deserves special attention Knauf plaster Grünband. The Knauf product line itself is well known, but among them there are the most popular ones. Fractional components are no more than 1.5 mm in diameter. Application is carried out in two ways: manually and using electrical equipment.

This mixture is also used in addition to performing the main functionality. It helps solve other problems, such as:

1. Application of waterproofing coating on facade walls, basements, sanitary rooms and other premises with high humidity.
2. Strengthening the surface of facades. High performance Knauf Grünband mixtures in the field of resistance to physical activity allow you to protect walls from exposure external conditions associated with the natural shrinkage processes of soils under the building. As a result, cracks do not form on the surface.
3. Decorative tasks. The structure makes it possible, through simple manipulations, to transform plaster layer into the final decorative element of wall decoration. As a result, no additional painting work, except for the final surface painting.

Knauf Grünband is sold in retail outlets in 25 kilogram containers. One bag, when applied to a wall 1.5 cm thick, is enough to treat a surface area of ​​1-1.4 square meters. m.

Work progress

Insulating plaster is applied to the surface of the walls according to traditional technology. Before starting work, the surface is cleaned of dust and flaking elements. Some types of warm plasters do not require treatment with primer compounds, but for higher adhesion, applying a primer will not be superfluous.

The solution is mixed in construction containers with a volume of at least 50 liters.

It is written on the packaging how much liquid will need to be added to the mixture according to the technology. Some plaster compositions harden in a short time, so you should carefully study the instructions from the manufacturer to avoid discarding the material.

In order to save time, the work is entrusted to experienced teams who have already completed more than one project using this technology.

Plaster, suitable as insulation for the facade, is applied in the same way as that used indoors. When working with it, it is important to pay attention to the frost resistance properties of the material, its adhesion when sub-zero temperatures. In the process of plastering the facade with warm plaster with your own hands in winter, there is a risk that the solution will not adhere to the frozen surface of the wall. In the future, the layer will move away from the wall, and the material will have to be thrown away.

The material is applied to the walls in several layers. Each layer is not made thicker than 20 mm, and it can be applied no earlier than 4 hours after the previous one. To carry out the work, experienced specialists use construction spatulas of two sizes: wide and small. The quality of work is checked using two-meter rules with a level. This should be done 3 weeks after completion of work. The deviation of the plane from the level should usually not exceed 1-3 mm.

Preparatory stage

Applying plaster to insulate the facade will require more preparation before starting work than indoors. High-altitude work require strict adherence to safety measures, the use of only certified equipment and building structures to ensure work safety. Before starting work, elements protruding from the body of the capital structure are removed from the surface of the external walls. After finishing civil works masons do not remove pieces of dressing reinforcement. They are cut to avoid future injury.

Work on the reinforcing layer

When the planning and preparation stage is over, the time comes when warm facade plaster is applied. In modern realities, this stage often begins with disappointment, as it turns out that the differences on the walls being treated are too great. Although solutions have large strength characteristics, sometimes this is not enough to do without using reinforcing mesh as a load-bearing base.

The reinforcing layer is technologically designed to withstand loads from its own weight. Manufacturers provide data that their products do not require the provision of reinforcing mesh. In this matter, it is worth additionally monitoring the problem and obtaining expert advice, after which a final decision should be made as to whether the base should be reinforced under the plaster layer.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

Warm plaster is not ideal for interior construction work. Like any product, it has its pros and cons. Below is a description of the positive and negative traits For general group heat-insulating plaster mixtures.

Positive traits:

• no deformation changes over time, wear resistance;
• high strength;
• absence of components harmful to health in raw materials;
• resistance to low temperatures;
• high adhesion properties;
• Possibility of application to any type of surface;
• in most cases does not require a reinforcing layer.

The negative properties of the material include two points.

The thermal insulation properties of the material are lower than those of classical insulation materials. To ensure similar properties, it will be necessary to create a layer of solution 1.5-2 times thicker than when insulating with conventional thermal insulation.

Thermal insulating mixture is rarely used as a finishing coating. After drying, it requires final processing with more suitable materials.

Mixture consumption

Plastering walls with the help of hired personnel may be accompanied by unjustified material costs. Control of the production of the mixture by builders is ensured by calculations based on data from manufacturers of thermal insulation material.

Consumption ranges from 10 to 18 kg per square meter. meter. The consumption of warm plaster for external work will reach up to 25 kg per square meter. meter, so a thicker layer must be applied to the external walls.

U different manufacturers the numbers may differ, but not significantly. The cost will be higher if the wall surface has too many unevennesses, as well as due to overspending by builders on defects. These points are worth paying attention to.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

When it is not possible to purchase a ready-made mixture, you should try making it yourself. You can make warm plaster with your own hands in a simple way. It is important to note that for its manufacture it is not enough to simply add granules of insulating raw materials into cement-sand mixture. A special plasticizer is used.

To make the composition you will need ordinary water, cement, thermal insulation filler (vermiculite) and a plasticizer. PVA glue is used as a plasticizer. The ingredients are mixed in the following proportion: to one part cement, four parts filler. 50 grams of PVA glue per bucket of cement is enough. Add water to the required consistency.

Plastering the surface of the walls with a composition made by yourself takes place in three stages:

1. The plasticizer is diluted in water.
2. Filler is added to the cement. The finished mixture is mixed until smooth.
3. The dry composition is diluted with liquid, and the resulting solution is allowed to stand for 15 minutes.

After completing the preparatory work, the product is ready for use.

When planning to carry out renovation work in a room, you should think through and take into account all the details, because there can be no trifles in such work. Warming a room is one of the most important processes and should not be ignored. Warm plaster is one of the options to solve this issue.

Peculiarities

Many residents of apartments and private houses are hearing about warm plaster for the first time, so you should understand in more detail what it is, for what purposes it is used and what its varieties are.

All Construction Materials have certain thermal insulation properties. Using ordinary plaster, you can only slightly insulate the room. To achieve stronger insulation, use warm plaster.

When warm plaster is applied to the surface, the wall becomes smoother, while its thermal insulation increases.

The use of this material in construction and repair work began not so long ago, so little is known about the composition and properties of warm plaster.

With its help you can:

• level the wall;
• decorate the surface;
• provide a temperature for comfortable living.

In addition, this material has a soundproofing function.

Thermal insulation materials have a porous, fibrous or cellular structure that is filled with air, gas or vacuum. When applied to the surface, a kind of “fur coat” is created.

Since ancient times, they have been used to insulate walls. natural materials. Straw, sawdust and clay were used for this. By coating the walls with a mixture of these materials diluted with water, they were insulated. Perhaps this technique is still used somewhere in villages because of its cheapness and ease of use.

Modern technologies do not stand still, and today a large number of materials are produced that are used for wall insulation. The basis for warm plaster is various fillers and a binding component, as well as other additional ingredients.

Filler for warm plaster can consist of different materials. Let's look at their description and characteristics:

1. The filler may contain expanded polystyrene. This material has a high level of thermal insulation, and it is inexpensive. In addition to its undoubted advantages, polystyrene foam has a drawback - it can quickly ignite, and toxic substances are released during the combustion of the material.
2. The cheapest, and also the most environmentally friendly material can be called sawdust. They are often used when self-production material, although sawdust does not have high heat-shielding properties.
3. Perlite. When perlite is processed at high temperatures, a material with a porous structure is obtained. Perlite has good resistance to temperature changes and is easy to work with. It is also resistant to harmful microorganisms.
4. Material made from mica - vermiculite. It is very durable, has a high level of hygroscopicity, is biologically safe and fireproof.
5. Foam glass. To produce it they take quartz sand. This material is recommended for use in rooms with high humidity, which is undoubtedly its advantage. Its thermal insulation properties are lower than those described above.

To bind these materials, gypsum or cement is used. The use of cement in the work allows you to achieve a more durable surface. The cement mortar has grey colour, from the outside it will be noticeable. In order to get rid of the gray tint on the surface, it can be covered with gypsum putty.

Instead of cement, you can use gypsum. Usually it is used only indoors.

Specifications

You should figure out where warm plaster is used and how easily it is applied to the surface indoors.

So, this material is applicable for:

• for leveling walls and creating additional thermal insulation;
• filling voids, insulating water pipelines, sewers;
• insulation of slopes of windows and doors - such an insulating surface will prevent the entry of cold air and drafts;
• Heat-saving putty is often applied when insulating a ceiling or floor.

Thermal insulating putty has many advantages:

1. First of all, it should be noted that working with this material is easy, plus, you can immediately solve the issue of both insulation and surface finishing.
2. The material has excellent properties and has high adhesion to many surfaces.
3. When working with warm putty, you can often do without priming the surface.
4. When applying the solution to the surface during work, no seams or so-called “cold bridges” remain on it.
5. Using modern plasters, you don’t have to worry that over time the material may be damaged by insects or eaten by rodents, and besides, it won’t harbor pathogenic bacteria.

If the composition consists of gypsum, perlite and vermiculite, it is not recommended for use for internal insulation rooms with high humidity, since these materials are highly hygroscopic.

Before starting work, you need to prepare the walls. The surface should be cleaned of the previous layer and remove hooks, nails and other small parts that may interfere with work. Next, the walls should be primed and left for a couple of days so that it is completely dry, and only then work on insulating the premises can be carried out.

Taking into account all the advantages of the material and its disadvantages, we can say that the use of warm plaster indoors is completely justified. It is used in combination with other insulation materials, but it should be applied in places where it is really needed.

• In order to prepare the solution, take 1 kg of the mixture and 0.5 liters of water. It is not recommended to make the composition in large portions, as it dries very quickly. To mix, take a construction mixer and mix until the mixture looks like sour cream.
• When mixing the dry mixture with water, pour the liquid little by little, stirring constantly. When using a moisture-resistant composition, it is enough to take 200 liters of water per 1 kg of mixture. Before starting work, leave the solution for a few minutes to soak in.
• When applying putty, take a trowel with the rule. The layer should not be made thick, it should not exceed 5 cm. When applying the material to the ceiling, the layer size should be reduced to 3 cm. By applying putty to the walls, you can immediately level the surface and remove minor defects.

• After covering the entire surface, wait until the wall is dry. This may take a little over an hour. After this, it is pruned using the rule. To check, you can take a building level. At this stage, possible defects such as depressions, irregularities and roughness are eliminated.
• If after applying one layer the walls remain uneven, they are left to dry and then another layer is applied again. When applying more than one layer, after the surface has completely dried, it is primed and sewn up with reinforcing mesh.
• On final stage do glossing or glazing. To do this, the surface is moistened with water and cleaned with a sponge grater. When cement or gypsum milk appears, the wall is rubbed down with a soft wide spatula. You can leave the wall in this form, it no longer allows heat to pass through, but more often it is painted with facade paint, covered with siding, or any other decorative work is used.

High-temperature putty is an easy-to-use material that is used for interior work. When choosing this material, you should take into account that the mixtures are quite expensive, and you often have to buy several packages for work.

To avoid additional waste, you can use putty prepared yourself. Homemade solutions They are absolutely not inferior in quality to store-bought options.

Self-produced putty contains:

• one part sand;
• one part cement;
• four parts perlite/vermiculite;
• the required amount of water to make the mixture creamy.

When making a solution with polystyrene foam, vermiculite and perlite, the ratio should be 1: 4, that is, if you take 0.5 kg of sand and cement, you should add 2 cubes of perlite and about 500-600 liters of water.

Sometimes PVA glue is added to this composition, but it is not used in large quantities - it is enough to take 2% of the total amount of water. When adding glue to the solution, it should be diluted first. Instead of glue, you can take a plasticizer, for example, polyplast.

To make your own putty, you will have to experiment a little with the proportions. It is not recommended to mix a lot of solution at once; it is better to make small portions. When applying them to the wall, it will immediately become clear how correctly the proportion was chosen and whether the material is convenient for use.

If you use perlite or vermiculite for cooking, you need to add a large amount of liquid. If there is not enough water, the solution will immediately harden and will be unsuitable for use.

For interior work, mix masonry mortars better on plaster.

Manufacturers

One of the most popular companies that produce putties is the company Knauf. This name is known to many and deserves to pay attention to the products of this company. This plaster contains cement with polystyrene, as well as special additives.

When applying the solution to the surface, a durable structural layer is formed. After drying it can be used textured paints, which will decorate the surface. Apply a layer of plaster from 10 to 30 mm; work can be done by hand or by machine. Available in packages weighing 25 kg. When applying a minimum layer of 10 mm per 1 sq. m you need to take about 12 kg.

When using this putty indoors, it should be taken into account that it contains polystyrene, which has a high degree of flammability. Knauf putties are used both outside and indoors.

Choosing quality material for indoor work, you should pay attention to thermal insulating plaster "Umka". Russian manufacturers were able to make a dry mixture that has excellent characteristics. The composition was developed taking into account the harsh climate.

After applying the solution to the surface, finishing is usually carried out. Finishing work. The dry mixture is packaged in 7 kg packages. When applying a minimum layer of 10 mm, you should take 4 kg of mixture per 1 square meter. m.

Dry mixtures are also used to insulate indoor walls. "Bear". A layer of this mixture of 2 cm in thermal conductivity will be equal to brickwork 50 cm. Before applying the “Mishka” mixture to the wall, the surface is leveled and primed. The mixture for insulating walls indoors is produced in bags weighing 14 kg.

Other most popular companies producing dry mixes include:

• Unis;
• Paladium;
• ThermoUm.

High price utilities and energy resources can push owners of apartments and country real estate to carry out additional work over wall insulation. One of the options for increasing thermal properties Such bases are the use of special warm plaster. What is it and what kind of coating is there - read about all this in our article.

Thermal insulating plaster: types and features

In the formulations of warm plasters, some of the components of conventional leveling compounds are replaced with materials that can be used to enhance the thermal insulation properties of the hardened mortar. For example, quartz sand or part of it is replaced with perlite, vermiculite, polystyrene foam, etc. additives in bulk form. Cement or gypsum can be used as a binder. In the first case ready-made composition suitable for exterior and interior decoration, in the second - only for interior work due to the high hygroscopicity of gypsum.

The main part of dry mixes presented on the domestic market is perlite plaster. Expanded perlite is used as a filler, which in appearance may resemble coarse sand or small gravel of a grayish-white color. The material is quite light - bulk density is around 200-400 kg per cubic meter. m. depending on the grain size. It is somewhat lower for expanded vermiculite. The density of this additive to plaster is approximately 100 kg per cubic meter. m. (bulk). Another property that must be taken into account when using thermal insulation solutions is the high hygroscopicity of hardened coatings. The hygroscopicity of the material is up to 5 volumes of water per 1 volume of expanded component.

Despite the high water absorption coefficients, vermiculite and perlite plasters can be used for external insulation of a building. The main thing is that they are not directly exposed to precipitation, and the steam passing through the walls of the house does not linger in the coating.

The low density of the solution components ensures a reduction in the mass of the finished coating, which can be taken into account when designing a house. There is an opportunity to reduce the load on the foundation and rely on a cheaper foundation for construction.

A short video about plaster based on polystyrene foam.

Two videos on how to prepare warm plaster with vermiculite.

Plaster Teplon (GK Unis)

You've probably heard about this finishing material like Teplon plaster. This is a ready-to-mix dry mixture based on gypsum binder. A special feature of the composition is the addition of perlite, a porous rock of volcanic origin. It is this additive that gives the manufacturer the right to call their plaster warm. Teplon mixtures can be used for interior decoration. The coating turns out to be relatively light, allows you to level the base and give it additional sound and thermal insulation properties.

Types and technical characteristics

At the time of writing the review, the company produced four types of plasters under the Teplon brand. Moreover, three of them are intended for finishing dry rooms and actually have some thermal insulation properties, and the fourth, moisture-resistant modification is not positioned as “warm” (the thermal conductivity coefficient is not specified for it).

Remember that such coatings are highly hygroscopic, so we can talk about the advisability of their use only if the humidity in the room is normal. We are talking about “warm” compositions. And do not forget that you need to insulate the walls from the outside, not from the inside. Accordingly, using completely different materials.

To be fair, we note that the thermal conductivity coefficient of Teplon plaster is 0.23 W/(m×°C), and such thermal insulation materials such as extruded polystyrene foam, regular polystyrene foam and mineral wool– 0.029÷0.032, 0.038÷0.047, 0.036÷0.055 W/(m×°C), respectively. And we remember that the lower this value, the better the heat-shielding properties are characteristic for the same thickness of the material. What does it mean? And the fact is that achieving the same thermal protection of walls when using warm Teplon plaster is more difficult than when installing a special thermal insulation material.

Work technology

1. Requirements for temperature and humidity conditions for work are standard: from +5 to +30 °C at relative humidity up to 75%. Because All brands of Teplon plaster are produced using gypsum binder, then the condition of the base must be appropriate: clean, dry, without damaged or poorly adhering parts of the wall material. Working surface primed with concrete active (for smooth concrete foundations) or soil deep penetration(For cellular concrete and other hygroscopic materials). Subsequent operations begin after the soil has dried.
2. Installation of plaster beacons is carried out according to standard scheme, only for attaching beacons use the appropriate brand of Teplon solution.
3. To obtain a solution of the desired consistency, add a kilogram of powder for every 450-550 ml of water. When using a moisture-resistant brand of water, take less - 160-220 ml. Mix using a special mixer or a puncher with a stirrer. After this, the mass is left alone for 5 minutes. and mix again. The further fate of the plaster is determined by the value of its viability.
4. The resulting composition is applied to the walls manually or mechanically (for the MN composition) in a layer 5-50 mm thick. The thickness of the ceiling covering is less - 5-30 mm.
5. An hour after mixing the solution, the layer of plaster is trimmed along the beacons using the rule. At this stage, all coating defects are corrected: depressions, bumps, waves, etc.
6. If it is necessary to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 50 mm, then this is done in several stages: layer by layer, after the previous coating has hardened, treated with a primer and over a plaster mesh.
7. At the final stage, the surface can be glossed. It is started 2 hours after trimming the set mortar. The coating is wetted clean water, rub with a special sponge grater, and the emerging milk is smoothed out with a wide spatula.

Umka

Some Umka plaster mixtures are also positioned as warm: UB-21, UF-2, UB-212. In addition to heat and sound insulation properties, the manufacturer is distinguished by the environmental friendliness of the compositions, their hydrophobic properties, non-flammability and frost resistance.

Compare brands of heat-insulating plasters Umka

Comparison criterion	UMKA
	UB-21	UB-212	UF-2
a brief description of	For all types of stone bases for interior and exterior decoration	For walls made of gas silicate and hollow ceramic bricks. Thin-layer, for interior and facade work	Finishing layer for finishing any type of stone bases, inside or outside. Thermal insulation properties are an option. In general, plaster is decorative in nature.
Recommended layer thickness, mm	10-100	5-7	up to 20
Volume of water per 1 kg of mixture, l	0,53-0,58	0,58-0,64	0,45-0,47
Consumption of dry mixture, kg/m 2 /layer thickness, mm	3,5-4/10	2,5-2,9/5-7	1,1/2
Viability of solution, min	60	90	60
Thermal conductivity coefficient of hardened plaster, W/(m×°C)	0,065	0,1	0,13
Price/packaging	€15/9 kg		€18/12 kg

All work is carried out in almost the same order as for Unis products. Because in essence it is a similar product.

Below is a short video about Umka plaster.

bear

Warm plaster Mishka is suitable for finishing walls made of any materials, both for external and internal work. The thermal conductivity declared by the manufacturer is 0.065 W/(m×°C) - the same as for Umka UB-21 products, which gives rise to some thoughts on this matter. 7 kg of dry mixture is mixed with approximately 3-3.3 liters of water, the solution consumption is approximately 3.5-4 kg/m2 at a 10 mm layer. The cost of a bag (7 kg) is approximately 650 rubles.

Knauf Grünband

Another option for a ready-made mixture from famous manufacturer. You can read more about it.

Making warm perlite plaster with your own hands

You probably already noticed that all compositions for warm plaster contain components that determine their thermal insulation properties. Most often it is perlite or vermiculite; mixtures with expanded polystyrene are also found. It is them low odds thermal conductivity allow, on average, to obtain good values ​​for finished coatings. By using such additives together with or instead of certain fillers, such as sand, as well as binders such as gypsum or cement, you can be sure of mixing a mixture with the desired properties.

Unfortunately, prices for ready-made mixtures do not inspire confidence. What if you prepare the solution yourself?! Moreover, individual components, such as cement, perlite, lime, are relatively inexpensive. For example, a ton of M500 cement can be bought for 3000-4000 rubles, 20 kg bags of slaked lime - 170 rubles each, perlite (grades M75 or M100) - approximately 1500-2000 rubles. per cubic meter If the amount of work is large and the budget for implementation is limited, then it’s time to get creative. We offer you several recipes for making warm perlite plaster with your own hands.

• 1 part cement to 1 part sand and 4 parts perlite (calculated by volume) is mixed with water until the required consistency is obtained (thick sour cream);
• the proportions of cement and perlite by volume are 1 to 4. So, for 375 kg of cement you will need approximately 1 cubic meter perlite sand. The mixture is mixed with 300 liters of water; PVA glue can be used as a plasticizing additive in a volume of 4-5 liters. The glue is mixed in water, to which a dry mixture of perlite and cement is subsequently added;
• the volumetric ratio of cement and perlite is 1 to 5. For 290 liters of water, use 4-4.5 liters of PVA, 300 kg of cement and a cube of perlite;
  — by volume: 1 portion of cement, 2 portions of sand and 3 portions of perlite. Can be used as a supplement liquid soap or PVA in an amount of no more than 1% by weight of cement;
• 270 liters of water will require a cube of perlite and 190 kg of cement;
• 1 volume of cement, 4 volumes of perlite, approximately 0.1% by weight of cement, PVA glue;
• the volume ratio of cement to perlite is in the range of 1:4÷1:8. The additive can be liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, PVA - up to 1% by weight of cement;
• pre-prepare the mixing solution (hereinafter referred to as RZ): dissolve the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in a measured volume of water in a volume of 0.5% of the expected volume of warm plaster, as well as plasticizers - 0.5% by weight of the subsequently added cement. All components are thoroughly mixed and the solution is allowed to settle until the viscosity of the CMC increases. Further variations are possible depending on what density the plaster needs to be obtained (bucket - 10 l). For example, for 12 liters of RZ add 12 liters of cement, 2 buckets of perlite, 2.5 buckets of sand (the density of the resulting solution is approximately 1500 kg per cubic meter). For the same volume of RP, 1.5 buckets of sand, 3 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of cement are poured - a mixture with a density of 1200 kg per cube is obtained. For 20 liters you can mix about 5 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of sand, 12 liters of cement - we get a solution with a density of about 800-900 kg per cubic meter

All these PVA and liquid soap can be replaced with superplasticizers, for example, from Poliplast. This component is very important, because it determines the behavior of the solution and the mixture’s need for the volume of mixing water.

You must understand that any recipes are given for guidance only. To achieve success, you will have to experiment with the ratio of components and test the resulting solutions in operation. And only after the mixture is ideal for your finishing conditions, you can mix large volumes. Pay special attention to the water absorption capacity of thermal insulation components. They actively retain moisture, which, if there is a lack of mixing water, can affect the technology of hardening the cement mixture.

Finally

If you do not perceive warm plaster as the only solution for insulating a residential building, but only as an opportunity to bring thermal characteristics buildings up to required values, then the result will not be long in coming. Using such a solution, you can simultaneously level the base and give it new properties. And don’t be afraid to experiment with making your own plaster – it will cost less than buying it ready-made mixtures!

When putting on a fur coat in winter, we don’t forget about a sweater or vest. Something similar happens to our houses when, instead of the usual finishing, thermal insulating plaster is used, which makes the house cooler in hot weather and warmer in cold weather.

What is thermal insulation plaster

New building materials that perform a specific task, are also being developed in the field of building decoration. the main objective the use of heat-insulating plaster - ensuring thermal conductivity of no more than 0.175 W/m-K with a bulk density of up to 500 kg/m³. If this condition is not met, the material does not insulate heat sufficiently. Ideally, a plaster coating that retains heat should be an analogue of classic facade insulation, that is, it should be sufficiently strong, durable, and fireproof. The developers were able to solve the problem by replacing fillers that conduct heat well with components that have low thermal conductivity. That is, sand and stone chips in gypsum or cement compositions replaced:

• expanded vermiculite;
• foam glass;
• sawdust;
• straw cutting;
• perlite, etc.

The result was different kinds warm plasters that meet the specified requirements, which differ according to the area of ​​use:

• warm plaster for interior work;
• heat-insulating facade (for external use).

In addition, the compositions were modified, giving additional properties, as a result, heat and sound insulating plaster appeared. This type of finish serves as both an acoustic and thermal barrier.

Thermal insulating compounds are used both for rough work (leveling) and for finishing.

Another class of components are modifiers. They are added to increase the lifespan, increase the elasticity of the solution, and prevent drying cracks. Manufacturers use proprietary plasticizers when creating mixtures. When making the composition with your own hands, add to it detergents or PVA glue, ready-made modifiers available in construction stores, microfiber.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

In order to reduce heat loss, various materials are used in construction: mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, etc. They are laid on the walls outside.

Compared with such home protection, warm compounds have the following advantages:

• simple application that a beginner can handle;
• the material is highly plastic, it can be used to seal hard-to-reach places in structures;
• no surface leveling required;
• no need special mount To improve adhesion, surface wetting is practiced;
• the use of mesh reinforcement not over the entire area, but at corners and to repair cracks;
• a high adhesion rate allows the composition to be applied even to a metal base;
• the material is microporous, which makes it breathable and helps dry the walls;
• fire safety of most compositions;
• an additional benefit is good sound insulation of the insulated room;
• resistance to biological damage;
• the coating is frost-resistant, not afraid of temperature fluctuations;
• environmental friendliness;
• use of waste for the production of plaster composition (reducing the polluting load on nature);
• does not crack from vibrations and does not change under the influence of UV rays;
• thin layer application gives additional insulation when using mineral wool and other insulation materials.

Warm compositions have their disadvantages:

• the compositions are more expensive than insulation materials (taking into account the reduction in the cost of work and the reduction in costs for related materials, such as mesh, the cost is comparable);
• the increased dead weight of the coating with the additional load from absorbed water requires a strong foundation;
• necessary protective covering, since porosity promotes rapid absorption of moisture (compositions with foam glass and expanded polystyrene do not have this disadvantage);
• compositions with organic components (sawdust, straw) are limited in use (only indoors);
• The insulation layer is thick, so it takes a long time to dry;
• some fillers are flammable (polystyrene).

Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To make such a calculation, use SNiP 02/23/2003.

Thermal conductivity of plaster is the ability of a material to conduct heat. If the room temperature is higher than the street temperature, then when the heating is turned off, the heat “leaves” outside through the walls (35%) and other structures. The intensity of heat loss depends on the area, thermal conductivity of the wall material, the difference between street and home temperatures, and other parameters. To quantitatively express the thermal conductivity of plaster coatings, λ is used - the thermal conductivity coefficient of the plaster (how much it is capable of conducting thermal radiation through an area of ​​1 m2, a layer 1 m thick with a difference of 1 ° C). For example, for plaster compositions the value of the coefficient λ in descending order (W/(m*°C)) is as follows:

• cement with sand – 0.93;
• cement-lime with sand – 0.87;
• lime with sand – 0.81;
• clay with sand – 0.69;
• gypsum – 0.35;
• clay with sawdust – 0.29;
• gypsum with perlite – 0.23;
• cement with perlite – 0.3.

The coefficient λ =1 means that the heat loss will be 1 W for a wall thickness of 1 m. If this figure is not 1 m, but 20 cm, then the heat loss will be 1: 0.2 = 5 W. If the temperature difference is not 1°C, but 6°C, then the losses will be higher: 5 x 6 = 30 W.

To determine the thermal resistance, use the formula R = d/λ, where λ (taken from the table), d is the thickness of the material.

For example, thermal resistance (R) for a foam concrete wall with a thickness of d = 51 cm

R=0.51/0.3=1.7 (m2*°K)/W.

From the table for external walls, take the standard value of their heat transfer resistance for the desired region. For example, for Moscow it is equal to 3.28 (m2*K)/W, which means that the calculated resistance of foam concrete in Moscow for the wall of a house is not enough. And for Sochi (1.79) too.

With thickness d

R=d/ λ or d=R* λ

Using this formula we calculate d = Ra* λ = 1.58 * 0.23 = 0.363 m or 363 mm. We are not satisfied with a plaster coating of such thickness, so using insulation would be optimal.

For Sochi d= (1.79-1.7)*0.23 = 0.021 m or 21 mm. In this case, for the Sochi region, the thermal conductivity of the plaster (gypsum-perlite) is quite sufficient.

Areas of application of warm plaster

Facade walls are not the only place where warm plaster is used for exterior work. It is used to insulate plinths, floors and ceilings, seal cracks, insulate sewer risers, as well as water supply risers. In addition, it is used as insulation for garages and other auxiliary buildings.

The following varieties are produced according to application:

• finishing compositions
• for rough finishing.

Types of heat-insulating mixtures for plastering

Thermal insulation compositions are classified by the type of binder: gypsum, cement, etc., as well as by the type of insulating filler.

Straw based

The material used for a long time is insulating plaster made of clay with straw grain. Straw in clay coating acts as reinforcement and creates voids.

As a result, the plaster coating can be thicker without delamination or cracking. It is applied as a rough layer on the wall over shingles by hand. The coating is breathable, absorbing excess moisture from the air and returning it when the room is dry. Before application, the walls are moistened or sprayed with clay mash. The main disadvantage is the long drying time. The main plus is favorable microclimate, cheap.

Sawdust based plaster

Sawdust has long been used for home insulation. They covered the rubble and ceilings. They were added to clay and lime mixtures for coating walls. Sawdust retains heat better than wooden beams, since the thermal conductivity coefficient of sawdust is 0.06 - 0.07 W/(m2 °C), and wood - 0.18. In terms of heat retention, sawdust is much closer to polystyrene foam.

Compositions with sawdust can have different mineral base– clay, gypsum (Armenian plaster: 3 parts of gypsum, 1 part of sawdust), cement and lime. The main application is indoors. Before mixing the composition, sawdust is sifted through a sieve with a cell diameter of 5 mm.

Polystyrene as filler

A type of polystyrene foam - expanded polystyrene - is used for various purposes, for example, as a filler for anti-stress toys, upholstered furniture, and sleeping pillows. The material is ultra-light (up to 98% air), does not absorb water, and is not food for microorganisms. Applicable in cement screeds for insulating floors (1:4:4 - cement/polystyrene granules/sand), and also as a heat-insulating leveling layer (1:3) laid under the screed.

Plaster mixtures with polystyrene are used for work on facades and indoors. They are produced on the basis of cement or cement with lime. Although they do not burn, they can release toxic substances when ignited.

Plaster mixture with the addition of foam glass

Small glass balls (up to 2 mm), which contain air bubbles that are not afraid of water, are perfect for use as a filler for warm plasters for facades. Such compositions are easy to install, retain heat well, and do not get wet.

Mixtures based on perlite, vermiculite and expanded clay

When volcanic lava frozen on the ground comes into contact with water, obsidian hydroxide is formed - porous round granules similar to pearls. Due to this, the hydroxide received the name pearlite. The granules have high porosity, which reaches 40%, and are capable of absorbing water 4 times more than their own weight (hygroscopicity is a disadvantage of such mixtures). For plaster composition (external and internal use), expanded perlite is more often used.

The mineral group of hydromicas contains vermiculite, consisting of small exfoliated scales of brown-golden color. When heated, vermiculite swells and fills with air. Used in lightweight concrete compositions and warm plaster mixtures. Has antiseptic properties. Perlite and vermiculite absorb odors and water well, so they need finishing plastering.

Expanded clay granules (crumbs) are produced by firing some low-melting types of clay. When fired, light granules that conduct little heat are formed. different sizes. For warm facade plaster granules up to 5 mm in diameter are used.

Basic rules for applying warm plaster

To make a truly heat-insulating plaster screen, you need to follow certain rules:

1. It is important to properly prepare the foundation.
2. To mix the dry mixture (SS), take the amount of water according to the instructions.
3. In a large container, mix the entire volume contained in the package with water, so it is guaranteed that each portion will contain the required proportion of components.
4. The SS is poured into the poured water, being careful not to create dust. The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes with a mixer at low speed (areas close to the sides and bottom are treated). Then give the solution 5 minutes to “ripen” and stir for another 2 – 3 minutes.
5. Work quickly, trying to use up all the solution before the end of its life. A solution that has begun to set for application to the wall is unsuitable.
6. Work is carried out at temperatures above +5°C, below +30°C. Drafts, direct exposure sun rays and rain are not allowed. At facade works make a canopy.
7. Before plastering, turn off the power to sockets and switches.
8. Use safety glasses to protect your eyes.
9. Used beacons are removed after applying the solution. You cannot leave them in the wall, as they serve as cold bridges.
10. The use of primers is necessary to ensure adhesion sufficient to hold a thick plaster coating on the wall.
11. The insulating layer should be no thicker than 25 mm. If greater thickness is required, apply several layers intermittently to dry. The surface of the overlapping layers is not smoothed for better adhesion.

Making warm plaster with your own hands

Commercially available CCs are not cheap. There is an alternative. Craftsmen prefer to create warm plaster solutions with their own hands. All components can be purchased for almost nothing. Clay or lime can be used as a natural plasticizer. Liquid soap is also suitable, which is added at the rate of 2 - 3 spoons per 20 liters of mixture. You can purchase a hydrophobizing agent in the store (use according to the instructions).

We offer you several recipes for thermal insulation compositions.

Recipe 1. Mixture for facades:

• 1 part – cement from M400;
• 1 part – foamed polystyrene 1 – 3 mm;
• 3 parts perlite;
• 50 g – polypropylene fiber;
• plasticizer (add according to instructions).

Mix the dry ingredients and add enough water so that the solution has a paste-like consistency and does not run off the trowel.

Recipe 2. Indoor mixture:

• 1 part – white cement M400;
• 4 parts – filler (vermiculite or perlite);
• 50 g/bucket of cement - PVA glue or factory plasticizer (adhere to the proportion recommended by the manufacturer);
• water.

Recipe 3. Thermal insulation from perlite-sand mixture:

• 1 volume part of cement;
• 1 part sand;
• 4 parts perlite.

Recipe 4. Warm composition with sawdust and paper (for rooms and facades):

• 1 part – cement;
• 2 parts – paper pulp, soaked into porridge;
• 3 parts – sawdust;
• water.

Recipe 5. Lime-sawdust composition:

• 1 part sawdust;
• 10 – 15 parts of dry slaked lime;
• Water.

Lime is a strong biocidal agent that is not attacked by rodents, mold and mildew. Quicklime cannot be used with sawdust, as mixing generates a lot of heat. The solution has a short lifespan, so it needs to be produced quickly. The dry ingredients are mixed, then cement or other binder is added (if desired). Water is added last.

Recipe 6. Clay with sawdust and straw (for walls):

• 1 tsp – clay;
• 2h. – sawdust (or sawdust with straw).

For ceilings and floors the proportion is 1:10. The solution has no shelf life, as water is simply added if necessary.

Video about preparing and applying warm plaster

Preparatory work

First of all, the wall must be properly prepared. The surface is cleaned of old peeling coating, dust-free and coated with primer. They also neutralize oil stains, remove old wallpaper and paint layers. Disinfect areas of mold and rot. Repairs cracks and potholes. On wooden surfaces shingles are nailed or a mesh is attached. Beacons are installed along the plumb line.

Do-it-yourself technology for applying warm plaster

Finish coating

1. The wall is moistened with a spray bottle.
2. The mortar is applied in a layer of up to 1 cm with a trowel or spatula, pressing the mortar mass against the wall to increase adhesion. This primary layer is not smoothed over. If the coating thickness is large, a recessed reinforcing mesh is applied to this layer.
3. The second and subsequent main layers (primer) are applied up to 2.5 cm thick. They are leveled (without trying to make them smooth) using a grater.
4. When the total thickness of the coating reaches 4 cm, a second reinforcing mesh is applied. The edges of the mesh sheets are overlapped with an overlap of 10 cm.
5. When the entire volume between the beacons is filled, the surface of the top layer is leveled by the rule.
6. After the top layer has set, the beacons are removed and the remaining grooves are filled with solution.
7. After the solutions have completely dried, a finishing finish is applied over the rough coating.

Mixture consumption

As a rule, the manufacturer reports on the packaging average consumption centimeter layer of composition per 1 m2. The mixture consumption is calculated based on the planned thickness of the plaster coating. The following consumption indicators correspond to standard volumes:

• for 1 m2 with a layer of 2.5 cm you will need 10 - 14 kg;
• the same square 5 cm thick will take 18 – 25 kg.

Work on the reinforcing layer

The reinforcing plaster layer is intended for internal strengthening of a thick coating, applying it to the facade insulation, at the joints of layers with different shrinkage characteristics, as well as in the case of plastering a building before its shrinkage is completed. For example, a reinforcing layer is made where part of the wall is made of gas silicate blocks, and part of it is made of brick. This section of the plaster coating must be reinforced. It is carried out using a plastic or fiberglass mesh, which has sufficient strength and is not afraid of the internal alkaline environment of the insulating plaster coating. Reinforcement work is carried out inside the solution. A layer of the mixture is applied to the ceilings and walls, then the mesh is laid out and recessed. On the facade walls on top of the insulation, the reinforcement work is slightly different. First, the solution is applied in strokes, then the mesh is attached, and then plastered. They work with spatulas and polishers. When the layer is dry, on top of it in the usual way apply the next one.

Manufacturers and prices

The list of companies and the thermal insulation mixtures they produce is long. Popular ones:

• Umka UB-21 (Ecotermogroup company) is a warm plaster made of lime, cement, sand and foam glass for the northern regions, which requires finishing. With reinforcement, up to 10 cm is applied. Other insulating mixtures are UB-212, UF-2.

• Cement Knauf Grűnband is made with expanded polystyrene. The permissible layer is up to 30 mm.
• Unis Teplon has a gypsum-perlite composition that does not require finishing.
• Au Benputz Perlit based on Portland cement with perlite filler. You can't do without finishing.
• The Teplolux DeLuxe cement mixture retains heat using foam glass. It is also not final.
• Thermo Um is universal - used for facades and rooms. The mixture is hygroscopic.

Prices vary. On average, the price of 1 kg of dry mixture ranges from 11 to 21 rubles.

As practice shows, for the main areas of our country, heat-insulating plaster is not yet a panacea. However, its use allows not only to reduce heat loss, but also to reduce the noise level in the premises. For southern regions it is an excellent option for insulating houses.

A good owner, when planning the construction or renovation of his home, is obliged to think through everything to the smallest detail. In a series of issues to be resolved, one of the most important is always insulation - comfortable conditions for people should be created in the house, and finishing - everyone wants to live in an aesthetic environment. Practice shows that very often these problems overlap, and whole line technological operations is aimed at simultaneously solving both sides of the issue.

One of the materials that meets this complex concept of “insulation + finishing” is warm plaster for interior work. By applying it to the walls, the master levels them and, with correct thermal engineering calculations, at the same time gives them the required degree of thermal insulation.

This publication will be structured as follows:

• Anyone who has experience in construction and finishing works can immediately calculate required thickness applying warm plaster to ensure effective thermal insulation, and then the amount of material that will be required for these purposes. To do this, two convenient calculators are located at the beginning of the article.
• Beginners are advised to first familiarize themselves with the theory: the purpose and composition of warm plasters various types, with the principles of carrying out the necessary calculations, with a brief overview popular brands. After this, it will be easy to return to calculators and competently make calculations.

Calculators for calculating warm plaster

Calculator for calculating the required thickness of a warm plaster layer

The meaning of the calculation is that the enclosing structure (including, in fact, the main wall itself and layers of insulation) must have a total heat transfer resistance no lower than that established regulatory documents(SNiP) for a given region in accordance with its climatic characteristics.

warm plaster

• The value of the normalized heat transfer resistance (R) can be taken from the diagram below:

• Options main wall. The material to be finished with warm plaster includes the material of its manufacture and thickness in millimeters.
• Warm plaster is extremely rarely used as the main insulation, and more often becomes an addition to the main layer. It is necessary to enter the parameters of this layer: thickness and type of insulation material.