What is insulation? Insulation: types, characteristics, purpose and application. Useful information from the field of construction heating engineering
The market for building materials intended for thermal insulation offers a wide variety. Choose among it suitable insulation it can be difficult. To purchase the best products, it is necessary to take into account its main characteristics and application features.
What you need to know about insulation?
The main task of thermal insulation is to reduce heat loss in winter and reduce heating of the structure in summer. Also, thanks to the insulation, the load-bearing structures will be protected from negative external factors. This will help avoid deformation of building elements, which will have a beneficial effect on the service life.
It is important to remember that all types of insulation must have certain characteristics.
- Thermal conductivity. If this coefficient is small, then the room will be quite warm. Thanks to appropriate materials, heat loss can be almost completely eliminated. It must be remembered that different kinds insulation materials have different coefficients. If it is minimal, a small layer of thermal insulation will be required.
- Moisture resistance. Thanks to thermal insulation characteristics the material will not absorb moisture.
- Non-flammability. This property ensures that the product will not burn.
- Vapor permeability. Using a layer of insulation helps remove water vapor.
- Dimensional retention and strength. Due to the lack of shrinkage, the performance properties of the selected insulation will remain for quite a long time. Moreover, there will be no cold bridges at the joints.
- Environmental friendliness. All thermal insulation materials must be environmentally friendly, so that during the execution of work and operation of the structure, the release of harmful substances will not be observed.
Modern thermal insulation materials are conditionally are divided into several groups:
- cotton wool - mineral and glass wool, as well as mineral wool blocks and slabs;
- sheet - extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene;
- foam - all materials that are usually sprayed onto the surface using appropriate equipment;
- others - we are talking about such rare exotic insulation materials as cellulose, flax, etc.
Mineral wool insulation
Such soft insulation materials usually include mineral and glass wool. Such materials are very popular due to affordable price and good quality. Products are produced in slabs or rolls. In this case, the products can be cut using a regular knife.
The main disadvantage is considered to be insufficient moisture resistance, due to which the heat-protective characteristics deteriorate. Accordingly, such insulation materials are used for thermal insulation of structures where a waterproofing layer is provided.
Most often, glass wool is used to insulate pitched roofs. A material with a density of 35 kg/m³ is suitable for this. Modern manufacturers do not always indicate this parameter on the packaging. They usually write that the material is intended for pitched roofs. When using such products for roof insulation, it is important to remember that if there is a leak, moisture will even get onto the wooden rafters. For this reason it is necessary take care of reliable waterproofing. Mineral wool is not suitable for a flat roof, because it can be difficult to waterproof such a surface.
Other applications:
- using glass wool you can insulate walls under cladding or plastering;
- For floors, thermal insulation with a minimum density is suitable.
Foam glass
This type of insulation is produced based on broken glass and quartz sand
, as well as a foaming agent. Using appropriate installation results in a durable porous material with increased thermal protection indicators. The product is not afraid of fire and moisture. It can be cut with a simple hacksaw. Important characteristics include frost resistance and the ability to withstand high pressure. The material is produced in blocks and granules.
Most often, such products are used as fill-in insulation during well masonry walls. But if frame technology is followed, foam glass will not be suitable due to its heavy weight.
This material is used to insulate the facades of brick houses. The material is fixed with tile adhesive, and the process itself resembles bricklaying. After this, the coating is plastered or tiled.
Other applications:
- since the material is moisture resistant and can withstand increased loads, it can be used to insulate flat roofs, but it is not suitable for pitched roofs;
- foam glass is used to insulate interfloor ceilings, as well as the floors of the first floor;
- foam glass is a good option for thermal insulation of blind areas, foundations and basements, since the material has a higher density.
Foamed perlite
This building material has recently appeared on the market. For its formation, frozen volcanic lava is used. First, perlite is crushed and then impregnated with special protective compounds. Products Available in slab form. For this purpose, the finished granules are mixed with cellulose and pressed. The properties of the finished material are similar to those of foam glass. In general, foamed perlite is easy to process and is resistant to mold, moisture, and high pressure.
Application area:
- the material is intended for insulation flat roofs, and in the case of thermal insulation pitched structures a significant load will be placed on the rafters;
- when finishing walls, foamed perlite acts as a backfill insulation;
- perlite in the form of granules is suitable for floors, as well as foundations and blind areas.
Expanded polystyrene
There is a lot of controversy surrounding this type of thermal insulation. Some believe that the material is harmful because it emits toxic substances, while others recognize modern types of expanded polystyrene as more environmentally friendly.
Naturally, technology is constantly evolving, and manufacturers want to improve product quality. It is for this reason that modern varieties of material are often used for external insulation of housing.
Application area:
- Most often, walls are finished with polystyrene foam;
- thermal insulation the material is suitable for installing floors on concrete or soil, it is necessary to select the correct density;
- A good option for using polystyrene foam is to insulate the foundation, but you should first ensure that there is reliable waterproofing.
On the building materials market you can find many heat-insulating materials that lose their relevance or appeared not so long ago.
On sale today big choice insulation materials. They all have advantages and disadvantages. To decide on the right option, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the application. Thus, lightweight insulation materials, including ecowool or extruded polystyrene foam, are optimal for roofs. Last option will do and for thermal insulation of the foundation, but when finishing the walls you can use almost any materials.
When arranging residential premises and buildings for domestic purposes, it becomes necessary to insulate wall structures. Due to the wide variety of types of insulation that are offered for sale, it can sometimes be difficult to decide in favor of a specific type. But if you understand the characteristics and properties of such products, the upcoming purchase will be faster and more successful.
Before buying insulation, you should take a closer look at their specifics.
general information
Correctly chosen construction insulation- This is the key to protection from the cold in winter, as well as providing coolness in the summer. This material guarantees a comfortable microclimate inside the building, regardless of its purpose and time of year. But the ability to retain heat also significantly reduces heating costs. With good insulation, you can achieve maximum savings in energy resources, as well as make the room protected from environmental influences.
In most cases, builders insulate those parts of the house that are constantly in contact with the outside world. This is about:
From year to year, energy prices are rising inexorably, while the level of income of the population remains almost unchanged. Looking at the unaffordable bills for heating a house or apartment, you come to the understanding that the problem needs to be solved on your own - by insulating residential premises.
For this purpose, various types of insulation can be used for the walls of the house from the inside and outside.
Let's take a closer look at the possible options for insulation materials, their advantages and disadvantages.
Insulation work is best carried out in summer period when air humidity is minimal.
The walls for insulation in the room must be perfectly dry. Dry them after additional plastering, finishing works for leveling surfaces using construction hair dryers and heat guns.
Stages of surface insulation:
- Cleaning the surface from decorative elements- wallpaper, paint.
- Treating walls with antiseptic solutions, priming the surface with deep penetration into layers of plaster.
- In some cases, when installing polystyrene foam and electric heating elements, the walls are pre-leveled using waterproof plaster for bathrooms.
- must be carried out in accordance with the instructions prescribed by the manufacturer for this type of material.
- Mounting a protective barrier for final finishing or surface coating construction mesh, her plastering.
- Creating a single composition with the overall design of the room.
Insulation of walls inside the house is one of the most effective ways protect your home from the penetration of cold and the negative effects of condensation, the main thing is to follow the technological sequence of stages. You can read more about the technology of insulating a home from the inside in
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Modern types of wall insulation, properties and characteristics:
Tips for insulating walls in an apartment - analysis of common mistakes:
Insulating a house, done using even not the most expensive materials, is not a cheap pleasure. There are now many types of insulation available for interior work, which are presented in a wide price range. Therefore, choose an inexpensive and quality material won't be difficult.
Warm home in winter period and comfortable coolness during the hot season, as well as a reduction in bills for public utilities will show that the thermal insulation of the room is done well and of high quality.
What material did you use to insulate the walls of your house? What guided your choice and are you satisfied with the result? Please tell us about it in the comments section. There you can ask a question about the topic of the article, and we will try to answer it promptly.
For any temperature conditions Thermal insulation won't hurt. If implemented correctly, the rooms will become noticeably warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Wall insulation allows you to create a comfortable microclimate, which concerns not only residential apartments and houses, but also work premises. By visiting the store, you can see that modern manufacturers offer a wide range of thermal insulation for sale. It comes in the form of strands, rolls, granules, powders, and perlite sand. In addition, thermal insulation can be represented by slabs, blocks, bricks and cylinders.
If you understand the characteristics, you can choose the insulation option that is necessary. The main property of thermal insulation is its thermal conductivity; it indicates how much heat passes through a given material. Today, two types of thermal insulation are known:
The first type allows you to reduce heat consumption, which is ensured by a decrease in infrared radiation. Preventative thermal insulation is used in most cases and involves the use of insulation with low thermal conductivity. The following materials can be used in this capacity:
Organic based thermal insulation
When considering the types of insulation, you should pay attention to those that are made on an organic basis. They are widely represented on modern market, and for their production natural raw materials are used, such as waste from woodworking and agricultural industries. The composition of such insulation includes cement and plastic.
The material is highly resistant to fire, it does not react to biological influences and does not get wet. It is used where the surface does not heat above 150 °C. Organic insulation is used as an inner layer in the construction of multilayer structures. This includes plastered facades or triple panels.
Characteristics of arbolite insulation
Organic-based thermal insulation is precisely arbolite insulation, which is a new building material made from:
There are chemical elements and cement. The additives are:
- soluble glass;
- alumina sulfate;
- calcium chloride.
On final stage For the production of arbolite thermal insulation, the material is treated with a mineralizer. This type of insulation has a density ranging from 500 to 700 kg/m3. The compressive strength reaches 3.5 MPa. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.12 W/(m K) maximum. It is also important to know the bending strength, it reaches 1 MPa.
Purpose and use of wood concrete
When considering the type of insulation described above, you should become more familiar with its purpose. It is used for the construction of partitions and walls in private low-rise construction. Products can be presented:
- floor slabs;
- panels;
- blocks.
The former are used to insulate floors and roofs. As for the floor slabs, they are reinforced reinforced concrete structures. For monolithic construction, wood concrete mortar is used. Today, another type of this insulation is known - bone concrete, the filler of which is hemp fire.
Arbolite blocks for thermal insulation are laid after applying a layer of the mixture for installation. Next, the block is installed, which should first be moistened with water. The product is pressed against the previous one, its position can be adjusted relative to the main masonry using a hammer with a rubber attachment. Excess mixture will need to be removed with a trowel. Work can only be carried out at an air temperature of at least +6 °C. The solution should be quite thick, because if its consistency turns out to be liquid, the material will shrink.
Characteristics of chipboard insulation
When considering the types of insulation, it is worth paying attention to thermal insulation made from chipboard, which is based on small shavings. It makes up 9/10 of the volume of the material, but the rest is an antiseptic substance, synthetic resins, a water repellent and antiprene. The density of this material is 1000 kg/m3 maximum. The minimum value is 500.
You may also be interested in humidity; for this thermal insulation it varies from 5 to 12%. The tensile strength reaches 0.5 MPa. Material absorption reaches 30% of the volume. The minimum value is 5%. You may also be interested in the tensile strength, it reaches 0.5 MPa.
Characteristics of polyurethane foam
Before choosing one solution or another, you should consider the types and characteristics of insulation. Among other options, polyurethane foam thermal insulation, which is based on polyester, should be highlighted. The ingredients are added:
The components, under the influence of the catalyst, enter into a chemical reaction, and a new substance appears. It's different high level noise absorption, not afraid of moisture and chemically inert. Polyurethane foam thermal insulation is an excellent insulation material, because it is applied by spraying, so the craftsman has the opportunity to treat the ceiling and walls with complex configuration. Cold bridges are excluded.
This sprayed insulation has a density that reaches 80 kg/m3. When this figure reaches 50 kg/m3, polyurethane foam becomes moisture resistant. You may also be interested in the thermal conductivity coefficient, it reaches 0.028 W/(m K). This parameter is the best among modern thermal insulation materials.
Purpose of polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam has unique properties, due to which it is widely used in different areas human activity. This thermal insulation is used for insulation of internal and external walls, window openings etc. This material can be found on construction sites of permanent residential buildings, cottages, individual houses, warehouse hangars, potato storages and vegetable storages.
This sprayed insulation has quite important advantages, which are expressed in load-bearing and heat-insulating abilities. Efficiency increases when polyurethane foam forms the basis of sandwich panels used in the construction of prefabricated civil structures. The latter may also have industrial purposes. The cold resistance of the material is quite high, as is its waterproofing ability.
Characteristics of fiberboard
When choosing insulation for your home, you should pay attention to fiberboard, which is thin and narrow wood shavings called wood wool. Cement or a magnesite component is added to them, which ultimately makes it possible to obtain fiberboard. It is offered for sale in the form of slabs.
The material is resistant to biological and chemical influences, provides excellent noise protection and can be used in wet conditions, such as swimming pools. This home insulation has a density reaching 500 kg/m3. The fire resistance of thermal insulation is quite high. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.1 W/(m K).
Purpose and use of fiberboard
Fiberboard is used for thermal insulation of coatings and walls, and structural - for frame walls, partitions and ceilings, but only in dry conditions. Today, the main use of fiberboard is expressed in the installation permanent formwork during construction.
The slabs are not removed, according to the principle of some other types of formwork, they perform a constructive function and become a component of the wall or ceiling. As for the features of use, the slabs are installed parallel at a certain distance, which will determine the thickness of the wall. After fastening, the foundation is filled with mortar, most often concrete. Then the system of liquid mixture and formwork is left until it hardens.
Characteristics of ecowool
Ecowool is made from waste from paper and cardboard production. If you use waste paper for this, the material will not have as much high quality. It will become dirty faster, and will also be heterogeneous. Among others important characteristics Sound insulation should be highlighted, which in this case is very high. A layer whose thickness is 1.5 cm will absorb 9 dB of extraneous noise.
The thermal insulation ability is also impressive, but the downside is that it decreases during operation. Over time, ecowool loses up to 1/5 of its volume. It absorbs moisture well, this parameter can reach 15% of the volume. When laying using the continuous spraying method, there are no seams, which is a definite advantage.
Purpose and use of ecowool
The coating is widely used for sound and thermal insulation of various premises, which can have industrial, residential and public purposes. The material can be used for thermal insulation of facades, insulation of walls, roofs and attics. Mostly the work is carried out using the dry blowing method, but the material can be applied over existing insulation.
This roof insulation provides a seamless coating that solves the problem of icicles. Blowing involves the use special installation, in the hopper of which the cotton wool is loosened and then fed through a hose with a nozzle. This method of application allows the material to penetrate into hard-to-reach areas, closing all cracks and gaps.
Cellulose roof insulation can be used when repair work operating facilities and during the construction of new ones. Open blowing is used to insulate horizontal and inclined surfaces, among them the following should be highlighted:
Inorganic heat insulators: mineral wool
Mineral wool can be stone or slag. To produce the latter, slags formed during the casting of non-ferrous and ferrous metals are used. Stone wool It is based on rocks, and a component based on phenol or urea is used to bind them. The first one is most suitable, because mineral wool in this case is less afraid of water than the one containing urea. The flammability of this material is zero.
It is able to resist the spread of fire, so it can be used as a means of fire protection. Chemical passivity is high, but hygroscopicity is low. The material is characterized by excellent sound absorption, so mineral wool is used very often as a sound insulator.
Some characteristics and purpose of insulation from the manufacturer "Rockwool"
When choosing Rockwool insulation, you will need to understand its varieties. Among others, LIGHT BUTTS SCANDIC should be highlighted. This material represents the best product in its class. It has a new level of quality and is used for private housing construction.
Price per square meter The limit ranges from 81.59 to 244.72 rubles. The cost varies depending on the size of the slabs. In the first case, the product parameters are 800 x 600 x 50 mm, while in the second they are 1200 x 600 x 150 mm. Basalt insulation is lightweight hydrophobized stone wool slabs based on basalt rocks.
The product is unique, and its compression reaches 70%. Rockwool insulation has excellent recoverability. It retains its original characteristics in all respects. Another advantage of basalt insulation is the use unique technology, which provides for the ability of the plates to be pressed on one side, providing springiness. Due to this, the material on metal or wooden frame much easier to install.
Thermal insulation with foil coating: purpose and application
Foil insulation can be based on different materials. The use of this insulation depends on the properties of the place where the work will be carried out; The characteristics of the material itself also matter. When laying such a layer on the floor, it is possible to increase heat transfer from radiators and insulate air ducts and pipelines. An excellent effect can be achieved if you install foil insulation on entrance doors, balconies, verandas and in the canopy. Before installing such material, you should prepare small nails, a nail puller, a hammer and a construction stapler. Among other things, you will also need foil construction tape. The foil should be located inside. It is a reflector and will return thermal radiation inside. Sometimes thermal insulation is laid on the other side, but this effect can no longer be achieved.
Purpose of insulation brand "Izover"
Izover insulation is a material made of mineral wool. It is sold in slabs and rolls, and is also made from high-quality stone fiber. Thermal insulation is made from natural materials, including:
Using Izover insulation, you can achieve excellent thermal and sound insulation of buildings. This solution is used to insulate house facades, roofs and walls, and also acts as excellent thermal insulation for floors. Insulation with roll insulation allows you to get low coefficient thermal conductivity of the surface. The material has a special fiber structure, which provides excellent acoustic properties and reduces noise levels.
Thermal insulation for pipes
Many materials are used for pipes today, among which foamed polyethylene should be highlighted. This solution is highly resistant to aggressive environments and has impressive strength. This type of insulation for pipes is produced in the form of tubes of different diameters. The pores have a closed structure, which guarantees no moisture absorption from external environment.
Some brands of such insulation are foil-coated and are used to minimize heat loss. Insulation for pipes can also be represented by foamed polyurethane foam. This insulation is one of the most common today and is installed by spraying onto the surface, which ensures a tight fit to the surface. Polyurethane foam can withstand extremely high and low temperatures, while the properties are not reduced, and each cell remains sealed.
Thermal insulation from the manufacturer Technonikol
TechnoNIKOL insulation is represented by a material based on rocks of the gabbro-basalt group. By purchasing this thermal insulation, you are buying stone wool, which is a non-flammable material, and the fibers melt only at a temperature of 1000 °C and above. This thermal insulation provides sound-absorbing and acoustic properties of surfaces. Mineral thermal insulation includes:
This Technonikol insulation in different forms differs in the raw materials that are used in the production process.
The use of siding with thermal insulation
Siding with a layer of thermal insulation is installed in several stages. First, it is necessary to strengthen corner and side planks to the surface. Before starting this work, you need to make markings, draw lines that you will be guided by during the work process. After this, you can begin installing siding with insulation.
For this you need to use self-tapping screws, which will be located around the entire perimeter of the window and doorways. As for the latter, they are framed with planks so that installation of the cladding is not accompanied by difficulties. Afterwards you can start attaching the panels. You need to start from the bottom corner of the load-bearing wall.
Thermal insulation under plaster
Under plaster you can use a variety of different materials for thermal insulation of walls. Mineral wool, which has been popular for many years, is suitable for this. Foam plastic also acts as insulation for walls under plaster. However, it has a number of restrictions on use. This is expressed in low resistance to high temperatures. This applies even to the most modern species polystyrene foam, which contain special fire retardants.
Conclusion
In the modern market of building materials for thermal insulation different surfaces There are a huge variety of solutions available. Before making a choice, you must evaluate several factors, among others and the most important, you need to highlight specifications. The purpose and operating features of thermal insulation depend on them. If you do not comply with the requirements for the external environment when installing insulation, you may encounter low efficiency and the need to replace the thermal insulation layer.
Insulation: types, characteristics, purpose and application
At any temperature, thermal insulation will not hurt. If implemented correctly, the rooms will become noticeably warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Insulating walls allows you to create a comfortable microclimate, which applies not only to residential apartments and houses, but also to work spaces.
Review of types and characteristics of insulation materials, their areas of application
Today the market offers consumers various types of insulation, differing in cost, installation and thermal conductivity. In addition to these indicators, it is necessary to pay attention to other characteristics in order to have an idea correct application thermal insulation during house construction.
A comprehensive assessment of the material will help you choose the right insulation for your home. The use of different types of thermal insulation depends not only on their properties, but also on the architectural features of the building, the thermal conductivity of individual structural elements, as well as the expected cold bridges. Each component of the house is insulated using different materials.
External insulation of a loggia, balcony, basement is made with penoplex. Due to the fact that it can withstand loads of up to 0.5 MPa and is resistant to moisture, the insulation is optimally suited for exterior finishing basements. Penoplex, being under the ground, is protected from fire and retains all its properties.
Thermal insulators for the external decoration of the walls of a house are selected depending on the material from which the structural element is built. It is best to inflate wooden houses with foam insulation. Applied under high pressure the foam fills all the cracks, and its structure allows the wood to breathe. The high price does not always allow the use of penoizol. As a replacement option, you can lay mineral wool. Walls made of concrete, gas blocks and other similar materials are insulated with penoplex or glass wool. Although, in government construction, they are more inclined to use glass wool due to its resistance to fire.
Inside the house, the walls and ceiling are insulated with non-combustible materials. Usually these are mineral wool mats laid in a frame. They are covered with a vapor barrier on top, which prevents moisture from penetrating the mats and fleecy fibers into the room. If there are lags, the ceiling is covered with ecowool. To insulate the floor, a 100 mm layer of expanded clay is filled, plus foam boards are laid. The concrete screed poured on top prevents the insulation from burning, and the reinforcing mesh gives strength to the floors.
A modern and very practical insulation for roofing is polyurethane foam. It is applied by spraying. But its high price is not affordable for everyone. Most often, traditional insulation - mineral wool - is used for roofing. It is produced in different sizes in the form of mats and rolls.
Correctly selected insulation according to its characteristics will create comfortable living conditions inside the room.
Review of thermal insulation materials
Preventative types of insulation are most often used to finish various structural elements of a house. They have a low thermal conductivity.
Organic-based insulation materials are made from wood and agricultural waste. To improve properties, cement and plastic are added to natural raw materials. The result is insulation that is resistant to fire and moisture. It can withstand heat up to 150 degrees. The scope of application is wide, but is mainly used as internal insulation multi-layer roof or facade structure.
Another name for the material is wood concrete. It is made from sawdust, chopped straw or reeds with the addition of cement, as well as chemical hardeners. It has a density of up to 800 kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity coefficient of up to 0.12 W/m/K. Arbolite is divided into two types:
- Structural - contains most cement that is reflected high density- 800 kg/m3. Designed for wall construction.
- Thermal insulation - has a lower density of 500 kg/m3 and a higher proportion wood filler. Used as a heat insulator load-bearing walls, as well as for the construction of partitions.
According to the release form:
- Ready-made blocks of different sizes.
- Monolithic production takes place directly on the construction site. The material is immediately used to insulate walls or floors.
If we talk about the shape of the finished product, it is represented by smooth blocks of different sizes, blocks with a recess and slabs combined with concrete. Average cost of wood concrete from different manufacturers ranges from 4 to 6 thousand rubles/m3.
Another name for the material is cellulose insulation. Made from recycled paper or wood waste. The addition of antiseptics protects ecowool from being eaten by rodents and insects. Antipyrines create a self-extinguishing effect, which increases resistance to heating up to +232 °C. Ecowool has high rate moisture absorption up to 15%, and a 1.5 cm layer absorbs up to 9 dB of extraneous noise.
The approximate cost is about 30 rubles/kg.
This material is considered the best floor insulation, as well as inner surface walls of the house. It is made only from natural raw materials without chemical additives in the form of rolls or slabs. The basis of the insulation is cork oak bark. The natural glue suberin contained in it allows you to abandon artificial adhesives. Cork is not edible by insects and is rot resistant. The material is divided into two types:
- white agglomerate is made from the bark of oak branches;
- black agglomerate is made from bark removed from a tree trunk.
Cork can be used as a base for wallpaper or as a finish. Thin roll material found its application as a substrate for laminate flooring. The price of this natural material quite high. Depending on the modifications, the cost ranges from 800 to 4 thousand. rub./m2.
Honeycomb plastic heat insulator
The structure of the material consists of hexagonal cells like a honeycomb. Inside they are filled with fabric or paper filler held together with epoxy resin. Phenolic resins can be used as a fixative. In appearance, honeycomb panels resemble plastic. The characteristics of the material depend on the raw materials used in the production of the base. For example, the sheet density can be from 230 to 500 kg/m2.
Foam-polyvinyl chloride
PPVC heat insulator is made from foamed resins. The porousization method gives them this structure. The material is produced soft and hard, which gives it versatility. PVC is suitable for insulating roofs, floors and walls. Its density is 0.1 kg/m3.
Many people believe that chipboard is just a building material. But as insulation, the slabs have proven themselves to be good. Their base is small sawdust bonded with synthetic resin. The density of the slabs ranges from 500 to 1 thousand kg/m3, and water absorption is 5–30%.
The use of chipboard as insulation is justified for floors, walls and ceilings. The cost of the sheets is quite low and is affordable for every developer. Depending on the size, the sheet can be purchased for 400–900 rubles. The slabs are used as a base for installing soft roofs.
Fiberboard
The fiberboard board looks like chipboard. Its base consists of fibers of straw, corn or any wood. It is even possible to use waste paper. Synthetic resins are added as an adhesive. The density of fiberboard compared to chipboard is small, only up to 250 kg/m3, and the thermal conductivity is 0.07 W/m/K, plus low strength.
The scope of application is similar to that for chipboard. Low cost ranges up to 800 rubles. per sheet.
Polyurethane foam
Lightweight thermal insulation has a unique closed-cell structure, which creates the lowest thermal conductivity compared to other insulation materials. PUF is formed from the interaction of liquid components, polyester and MDI. Exposure to catalysts creates a chemical reaction that results in the formation of a new substance. The density of the insulation is 40–80 kg/m3, and the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foam is about 0.028 W/m/K.
Polyurethane foam is applied to the insulated surface using the spraying method, which allows you to process any difficult areas. The optimal use of polyurethane foam is roof insulation and wooden walls Houses. The cost of the material along with the spraying work is quite high and can reach $200/m3.
Another name for insulation is mipora. It is obtained on the basis of a whipped water emulsion of urea-formaldehyde resin. Glycerin and sulfonic acid are used as additives. Mipore is delivered to the consumer in blocks or crumbs. It is used in liquid form at construction sites. Mipora poured into prepared cavities hardens at a positive temperature.
Low density up to 20 kg/m3 promotes strong water absorption. The thermal conductivity index is 0.03 W/m/K. Not afraid of fire.
Polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam
These two insulation materials consist of 2% polystyrene and 98% air. The thermal conductivity index is 0.037–0.042 W/m/K. They differ from each other in structure. Polystyrene foam consists of small balls, and expanded polystyrene, when broken, resembles foam rubber.
Polystyrene is flammable and emits toxic smoke. Polystyrene foam is afraid of moisture, so it is more often used for insulating facades. Extruded polystyrene foam can remain in wet soil for a long time, so it is more suitable for external insulation of basements. The cost of the material is low.
A common insulation material for walls and roofs is mineral wool. It comes in two types:
- slag wool is made from dissimilar metal casting waste;
- stone wool is made from rocks, for example, basalt, limestone, etc.
The material is non-flammable, resistant to chemical attack, and has a low cost. Produced in slabs and rolls.
Glass wool
The material differs from mineral wool in that it has larger fibers. The basis of production is the raw materials used to make glass. The thermal conductivity index is from 0.03 to 0.052 W/m/K, and the density is no more than 130 kg/m3. Glass wool is also popular for insulating roofs and walls.
Ceramic wool
Produced by blowing zirconium, silicon or aluminum oxide. Cotton wool is resistant to high temperatures and does not deform. The thermal conductivity index at +600°C is from 0.13 to 0.16 W/m/K, and the density is no more than 350 kg/m3. It is used for insulation of facades and roofs of buildings.
Mixed type insulation
Materials are produced from asbestos mixtures with the addition of perlite, dolomite and other components. The initial state of the material resembles dough. They cover the surface prepared for insulation and leave it until completely dry.
An example of a mixed type material is vulcanite and sovelite. Their thermal conductivity is 0.2 W/m/K. The cost of insulation is low, but it is dangerous to human health.
Reflective materials
Foil is used as a reflector, and foamed polyethylene creates a thermal barrier. The material has a thin structure up to 25 mm thick, but its effectiveness is equivalent to 100 mm thick fiber insulation. One popular example is penofol.
Reflective thermal insulation simultaneously acts as a vapor barrier, so it is convenient to use in baths and saunas. The cost of the material is low and accessible to everyone.
The main types of insulation materials discussed today and their characteristics will help you make the right choice of material for specific construction needs.
Insulation - types and characteristics, application, price of materials
Review of insulation materials used for thermal insulation of buildings. Their characteristics, types, application features and prices.
Types of insulation for houses and walls of wooden and frame houses
There is a wide choice of insulation materials for wooden houses; they can be used to insulate a house outside, and some even inside the house. What types are suitable for frame house? Which is the best, let's look at their characteristics in this article! Properly carried out thermal insulation will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.
- What types of insulation and what to use?
When it is done correctly, then under its “protection” the house will not only be warmer in winter, but also noticeably cooler in summer.
In addition, saving heat means obvious financial savings. It is completely unreasonable to heat the street, despite the fact that the technologies used today provide an opportunity to start saving energy resources already at the initial stage construction work. Most of all, those parts of the building that are most adjacent to the external environment - the floor, walls and roof - need to use insulation.
What types of insulation and what to use?
Main types of insulation
Today there is a division of materials of this group directly at their destination. They also differ in appearance and shape.
There are quite rigid piece insulation materials on sale (plates, segments, cylinders, etc.), flexible products (cords, wide and narrow mats, strands), as well as bulk ( perlite sand, vermiculite and cotton wool).
Based on their structure, they can be divided into fibrous, granular and cellular.
Based on the nature of the main raw materials, materials for thermal insulation are traditionally divided into organic and inorganic.
How to choose insulation?
Floor insulation
The decision to insulate the floor is sometimes driven by the desire to have a more constant temperature at home. When choosing insulation for the floor, comparing the characteristics of various materials, preference is given to the one that can withstand the considerable pressure exerted on it.
In this case, its compression performance will be important.
Well, an indispensable requirement is the ability to maintain insulating qualities, even when exposed to heavy loads and moisture.
Types of wall insulation
Insulation for house walls
Thermal insulation for this category is completely different, moreover, its type depends on the specific place of application - outside or inside the house. For outdoor use, it is considered ideal to use basalt mineral wool, which is characterized by its ability to hold its shape and durability. In the process even long-term operation
Insulation from the inside of the structure is carried out based on the possible insulating layer: the layout features do not always allow it to be made sufficiently voluminous.
More modern way – use of paint with a ceramic base. Its layer can be small, and the tightness conditions are much easier to maintain.
Ceiling and its insulation
Mineral wool for ceiling insulation
Mineral wool is in constant high demand for ceiling insulation..
This is not at all surprising: it can be easily posted in interfloor ceilings or in the rafter frame, in the quantity required for this. During operation there, nothing threatens it, thereby ensuring the initially high quality of insulation.
If we neglect the unique qualities of wool and the ease of its installation, then other suitable means for thermal insulation could be sawdust with clay or ordinary slag. However, these substances were never found wide application due to their considerable cost and rather complex installation process.
Mineral wool
This name combines several different subtypes of thermal insulation materials of this type. These are slag, stone and glass wool. This insulator is made by processing metallurgical alloys or melts of various rocks: a special synthetic binder is introduced into the resulting glassy fiber. 
The material produced in this way has excellent sound and heat insulation qualities, moreover, it is not flammable and therefore does not pose a fire hazard. But a huge part of the wonderful qualities of insulation can be irretrievably lost when it gets wet. This should be taken into account.
Stone wool
This fibrous material, which goes on sale in the form of rolls and portioned slabs, and has an extremely low thermal conductivity.
The highest quality product is made from rocks called gabbro-basalt. This non-flammable material is used with equal success in the construction of private facilities and the construction of various industrial facilities. The wide range of uses is also explained by the possibility of its use at extremely high temperatures, reaching one thousand degrees.
The insulation's complete immunity to fire is complemented by its excellent resistance to moisture. This is a hydrophobic material, the peculiarity of which is that it does not absorb water, but repels it.
This ensures that the insulation remains dry even after a long period of time. This, in turn, will allow her to maintain her high performance qualities. Unique properties basalt wool allow it to be used even in boiler rooms, baths and saunas, where high humidity and high temperature are combined. Strength in this case is not directly dependent on the density of the material.
It's pretty soft material, having at the same time a sufficient margin of safety. Its structural stability is determined by the special arrangement of the individual component fibers - chaotic and vertical. The material has high anti-corrosion properties.
It can coexist quite peacefully with concrete and metal, without causing various kinds chemical reactions. High biological stability provides it with immunity to various biological pests: damage by insects and rodents, the occurrence of fungal diseases, the development of rot and mold.
The basalt insulation passed the combustion test, but the organic insulation burned out
Basalt rock is the main raw material for the production of this type of wool.. Treatment with formaldehyde resins gives the material a sufficient level of strength, and the materials used modern technologies guarantee complete elimination harmful phenols even at the stage of material production.
The final product reaching the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.
It is actively used for insulating the floors of residential and industrial premises, for thermal insulation of roofs and facades, including as external insulation.
Glass wool
This fibrous material is made from a mass of molten glass. Based on it, two types of insulation can be found on sale - soft mats rolled into rolls and hard slabs.
The product is characterized by high strength and excellent elasticity. As in the previous case, recycled formaldehyde resins are used as a coupling or binding agent.
Although not all the wonderful properties of basalt wool are inherent in its glass counterpart, it has its own special qualities. It has high plasticity, which significantly facilitates the stages of working with it, and allows you to significantly compress the material when laying it. But during operation, glass wool can cake and lose initial form. Glass fiber is highly hygroscopic and can accumulate moisture from the external environment, accumulating it in its thickness.
We insulate frame house foam plastic
Polystyrene foam is a fairly hard, shape-holding board material widely used for thermal insulation of roofs, walls, floors and ceilings: both outside and inside. It is based on foamed polystyrene foam granules.
It goes on sale in slabs 1 by 2 meters, with different thicknesses: from two centimeters to half a meter. Its characteristics can vary noticeably, which is why the material is selected strictly individually in each specific case.
Depending on the manufacturing process, you can get two different types polystyrene foam, using virtually the same raw materials:
- A porous plastic is a porous substance whose individual cavities communicate with each other. They are further divided into mipore, polyvinyl chloride foam, polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam;
- foam directly - the contents of individual granules in it do not come into contact with environment and neighboring cavities.
Expanded polystyrene
Expanded polystyrene in the form of bricks
Expanded polystyrene is a material related to plastics with a cellular structure, it has almost all the qualities necessary for thermal insulation, it:
- easy;
- hard;
- not afraid of water;
- biological infections.
- But due to its low fire resistance, it is recommended to use it at temperatures no higher than 150 degrees.
To improve this quality, special flame retardants are added to the insulation at the production stage. The symbol “C” is added to the name of such a material, and it is called self-extinguishing. The performance qualities of polystyrene foam have made it a fairly popular material.
Sprayed polyurethane foam
Spray on the wall
It is a foam material that can be applied by spraying through a special apparatus. It contains polyisocyanate, polyester polyol and various additives.
The adhesive properties of the material allow it to be safely applied even to vertical surfaces. It has excellent adhesion to concrete, plaster, roofing felt, metal, and gas silicate blocks.
The material is quite successfully used for insulation:
- internal;
- external walls;
- flat and pitched roofs;
- ground floors;
- foundations;
- basements;
- joints between structures.
This cellulose insulation is made from cardboard and paper waste. Its properties are actually determined by the substances included in its composition. In addition to the usual recycled cellulose, some foreign manufacturers also use hay, cotton waste, and sawdust. 81% of the material consists of carefully processed cellulose, while 12% is a mandatory antiseptic.
The missing 7% comes from specially added flame retardants. Insulation fibers contain lignin, which becomes sticky when humidity increases. All elements included in the insulation are non-toxic, absolutely non-volatile and harmless to health. Cellulose insulation is resistant to combustion and rotting, and has excellent sound and heat insulation properties.
Ecowool can retain approximately 20% moisture while maintaining its performance properties. The material releases moisture to the outside and dries quickly, maintaining all its performance qualities. The disadvantage of ecowool can be considered its difficulty manual application to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging a “floating floor” due to its inherent softness.
Another name for the material is urea foam. This is a modern material with high sound and heat insulating characteristics, which is a cheap insulation material. This is a cellular organic foam with particularly low density and low thermal conductivity. The material has high fire resistance, resistance to microorganisms, low price. It is easy to process, its air content reaches 90%.
Insulating the attic with foam insulation
The tests carried out demonstrated the capabilities of the material. It turned out that the time of its operation as the middle layer of the structure frame structure, actual is not limited by anything. Tests of its fire resistance showed that the material can be safely classified as low-flammable.
This is the only thermal insulation material of a polymer nature that is not at all suitable for self-combustion. Its fire resistance index places it in the G2 flammability subgroup.
This is a special foil material (on both sides or only one). It is made of polyethylene foam fabric, covered on the outside with highly polished aluminum foil. These are multilayer steam-sound- and heat insulating material
, combining completely different qualities.
Isocom insulation with foil At insulating layer, it provides remarkable properties for reflecting heat flow, successfully combined with the highest (almost maximum) thermal resistance indicators. Properly installed material is characterized by exceptionally effective thermal insulation of the building along its entire contour.
It's harmless environmentally friendly material, which does not pose a threat to the ozone layer. It does not contain glass or other fibers that are unsafe for the health of people and animals.
Without changing its exceptional properties, it serves for about 50 years, without deforming or being damaged during all this time.
Installation is quite simple and very convenient: it does not require special equipment. Excellent protection from steam and moisture. It is used almost everywhere.
What types of insulation are there and which one to choose for your home?
How to choose insulation? Review of all types of insulation for walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, attics. Wooden and frame house. Let's consider cheap options, find out!
Good thermal insulation will not be superfluous at any temperature. If you do it well and choose the right insulation, the house will be more warm in the cold season, and cooler in the summer heat. Knowing what type of insulation is there?, can be easily selected best option for interior or exterior decoration.
Variety of types of thermal insulators
There are several criteria for dividing thermal insulators into certain groups. The classification is based on the purpose, form and composition of materials.
Types of insulation according to shape
When choosing a material according to this criterion, you need to take into account what surface it will be mounted on. For external walls, slab or block heat insulators are more suitable. It is better to insulate the inside of the house with fibrous or rolled materials.
Table 1. Types of thermal insulation materials by shape:
| Form | Name | Peculiarities |
|---|---|---|
Bulk  | Expanded clay, polystyrene, crushed cork | Granular material. Used for filling cavities |
Loose and fibrous  | Ecowool, glass wool | Installation is carried out by blowing into prepared contours or applied by spraying |
Slab  | Foamed concrete, chipboard | Sheets of fixed size and specific shape |
Rolled  | Basalt wool, polyurethane | Flexible, thinner than slabs |
Block  | Foam concrete | Simultaneously perform the function of insulation and supporting structure |
To choose the right insulation, you need to have a good understanding of its types. Then it will last longer and will perform its functions fully.
Types of insulation by composition
This classification is based on the raw materials from which the products are made. Natural-based insulation materials are more suitable for interior decoration, and artificial materials used for external thermal insulation or for rooms with high humidity.
Table 2. Classification by composition:
Each type of material has its own set of characteristics. It is used to determine how suitable it is for insulating a particular object.
Types of insulation based on operating principle
There are two types of thermal insulation - reflective and preventive. The first type reduces heat consumption by lowering the level of infrared light.
Instead of retaining heat, reflective insulation does not allow infrared radiation freely pass through the walls of the house. They do not transmit heat, but reflect it. Most often used for these purposes aluminium foil. The surface of this material may reflect 90-97% the heat that hits it.
Aluminum foil is laid in several layers. Last layer covered with polyethylene. Such insulation does not take up much space, but at the same time maintains a comfortable microclimate in the house for a long time and at the same time serves as a vapor barrier.
Reflective type of insulation – aluminum foil
The second type involves the use of insulation with low thermal conductivity. For its manufacture, different groups of materials are used - organic and inorganic. Such heat insulators operate according to a specific mechanism. Their role is to slow down the process of heat passage - so that it does not escape outside for as long as possible.
What types of wall insulation are there?
To choose a heat insulator for walls, you first need to understand its types and their technical characteristics.
“The main property of insulation is the degree of thermal conductivity. This is an indicator of the amount of heat that this material is capable of transmitting.”
Materials of organic origin are used for interior decoration. They are made using natural raw materials - waste from the wood processing industry or agricultural products. Additional components are plastic and cement. Each type has its own characteristics.
Arbolit
To make it, crushed sawdust, wood shavings and reed stems are used. Cement with calcium chloride and alumina is used as a binding component.
Arbolite insulation
Properties of wood concrete:
- environmental friendliness - 90% consists of organic substances;
- almost not affected by mold and mildew;
- provides good sound insulation and air exchange;
- low thermal conductivity – no more than 0.12 W/(m*K);
- easily withstands frost, fireproof.
The material lends itself well to processing. It can be sawed into pieces, screwed into it, or nails driven into it. This prevents it from crumbling or breaking.
Particle board
90% consists of crushed shavings. The remaining 10% comes from formaldehyde resins and antiseptics. The material is also impregnated with fire retardants - substances that increase its fire resistance.
Chipboard characteristics:
- homogeneous structure;
- environmental friendliness;
- resistance to temperature changes;
- humidity – within 5-10%;
- ease of installation.
“To choose high-quality slabs, you need to rely on your sense of smell. If the product does not smell, it means it is completely safe for health. Chipboard with a high content of synthetic resins has a pronounced chemical smell.”
Particle board
The slabs have weak edges. To prevent them from crumbling, the sheets need to be adjusted to each other with maximum density. They also cannot withstand heavy bending loads, so they can sag.
Foamed polyethylene
It has a porous structure. Consists of polyethylene and a hydrocarbon-based foaming component.
Foamed polyethylene
It features the following set of characteristics:
- provides good vapor barrier;
- almost does not absorb moisture;
- not affected chemical substances and rotting;
- withstands temperatures from -40 to +100 degrees;
- serves as a reliable sound insulator.
Foamed polyethylene is produced in rolls.
Fibrolite
The basis for the material is wood shavings. Magnesite or cement is added to it as a binding component. Sold in slab form.
Fiberboard
The features of this insulation include:
- fire safety;
- ability to absorb noise;
- low thermal conductivity – up to 0.1 W/(m*K);
- increased resistance to aggressive chemical environments.
Suitable for insulating walls in rooms with high humidity - for a swimming pool or bathroom.
Price for fiberboard boards
Fiberboard
Honeycomb insulation
It contains hexagon-shaped cells. In appearance they resemble honeycombs. The raw materials for the material are cellulose, fiberglass or special fabrics. The honeycomb is covered with a thin layer of film on top. Epoxy or phenolic resin is used to bind the fibers. The outer side of the heat insulator is a sheet of plastic.
Insulation in the form of corrugated fabric
Distinctive properties of insulation:
- absorbs noise;
- retains heat for a long time;
- fireproof;
- strongly absorbs moisture.
“The strength of corrugated fabric is low, so it is not used as an independent heat insulator - only together with asbestos and aluminum in the form of a three-layer panel.”
Ecowool
It is based on paper and cardboard waste. If ecowool is laid with a continuous coating, there will be no seams on the surface of the walls.
Ecowool
Features of the material include:
- high noise insulation;
- health safety;
- quickly absorbs moisture;
- Retains heat for a long time.
But over time, the thermal insulation coefficient decreases because the material loses up to 20% of its initial volume.
Cork wallpaper
At the same time it can serve as insulation and finishing material. The raw material for it is the bark of the cork tree. It is first crushed and then pressed. Cork wallpaper can be left in natural form or varnish.
Cork insulation
They differ in the following characteristics:
- environmental friendliness;
- long service life;
- fire resistance;
- excellent sound insulation.
The material also has antistatic and antimicrobial properties. Using cork wallpaper, an optimal microclimate is created in any room.
Stone wool. Advantages.
What types of facade insulation are there?
Facade insulation
“The correct choice of insulation and its high-quality installation ensures uniform heating in the room due to the free circulation of heated air. The outer layer of thermal insulation retains heat longer, which allows the walls to be dry. This protects them from premature destruction.”
External thermal insulation has other advantages. It provides:
- protection of the facade from the aggressive influence of the external environment;
- additional sound insulation;
- unhindered “breathing” of the walls.
Different types of materials are used as insulation.
"Warm" plaster
Cement mortar is used as the basis for preparing this mixture, only instead of sand the following components are added to it:
- crushed pumice;
- perlite sand;
- expanded clay crumbs;
- polystyrene foam in granules.
“Warm” plaster on the façade of a building
This composition provides good vapor permeability and sound insulation. “Warm” plaster does not absorb moisture and is classified as non-flammable materials. It protects the house from bacterial invasion. Through a thick layer of plaster, mold and microbes cannot penetrate inside.
But under the influence high temperatures, wind or rain, the degree of thermal insulation gradually decreases.
Thermal panels
At the same time they serve as insulation and finishing material. They are not cheap, which is explained by the presence of a complex of positive qualities.
Thermal panels
Thermal panels have the following characteristics:
- extensive color palette;
- variety of textures;
- durability;
- health safety;
- aesthetic appeal;
- little weight.
At the same time, the material is easy to install. Additionally, it provides protection against fungi and microbes.
Prices for thermal panels
Thermal panels
Polyurethane foam
Consists of polyester and emulsifiers. It has a foamy-cellular structure. It is applied by spraying, so it is suitable for walls with complex configurations.
Thermal insulator made of polyurethane foam
This insulation easily withstands temperature changes. It is completely fireproof.
Material Features:
- keeps warm for a long time;
- almost impervious to steam and moisture;
- high resistance to fungi and mold;
- not subject to corrosion;
- absorbs noise well.
It is also chemical resistant. Does not deform when in contact with acid, gasoline or alcohol. Polyurethane foam is an unattractive material for pests and insects. The average service life is 50 years, but under the influence of ultraviolet radiation it gradually deteriorates.
Styrofoam
A material with a porous structure made by foaming. Consists of small granules tightly adjacent to each other. The higher the density, the stronger the material.
Foam insulation
Polystyrene foam characteristics:
- moisture resistance;
- long service life - from 60 years;
- resistance to extreme temperatures;
- resistant to bacteria and fungus.
This is the cheapest of all types of insulation. It is recommended to apply a layer on top of the foam facade plaster, otherwise it will be subject to deformation.
Prices for foam plastic
Styrofoam
Video - How to choose the thickness of foam for insulation
Basalt insulation
It contains basalt fiber, which is produced on the basis of natural minerals.
Thermal insulator made of basalt
It features the following set of qualities:
- increased porosity – up to 70%;
- low thermal conductivity;
- resistance to temperature changes and chemical exposure;
- high vapor permeability - the material remains dry in any weather;
- light weight;
- great strength.
Basalt insulation is considered completely safe for health.
Foam concrete
Refers to block type heat insulators. Its strength is the same as that of ordinary concrete. The only difference is in the structure - in foam concrete it is porous. To make it, a foaming component is added to the concrete composition.
Foam concrete
Material specifications:
- does not rot, does not become moldy;
- life time - from 25 years old;
- light weight;
- environmental friendliness;
- low thermal conductivity;
- protects the building from dampness by creating an optimal microclimate in it.
Foam concrete can be easily cut or screwed into it, which simplifies the installation process.
Foam glass
It consists of glass panels treated with a special compound. During processing, the glass changes its structure - it becomes fine-mesh. Due to this, its thermal insulation characteristics increase:
- strength;
- resistance to chemicals;
- low flammability.
Foam glass also serves as a decorative finish.
Foam glass insulation
"The optimal period for conducting facade works– from late spring to early autumn, when the average air temperature is +5-25 degrees. It is undesirable to carry out thermal insulation of facades in extreme cold or heat - this reduces its quality and service life.”
Insulation for a wooden house
Wood is considered a special type of material. Walls made from it should be well ventilated and have less contact with moisture. Therefore, not all types of heat insulators are suitable for wooden buildings. Mineral wool or penoizol are most suitable for this purpose.
“Foam plastic cannot be used to insulate a wooden house. It will prevent the tree from “breathing” normally. As a result, condensation forms on the walls, which will lead to the appearance of fungus and mold, and the wood will begin to rot.”
Mineral wool
It has a fibrous structure and is made from molten glass with the addition of rock. It has a good set of characteristics:
- easily withstands high temperatures;
- unaffected by chemicals;
- low thermal conductivity;
- excellent sound insulation;
- elasticity, ease of installation;
- environmental friendliness;
- service life is within 30-80 years.
Available in rolls or slabs. Roll insulation More often used for large buildings, and slabs for small houses. Does not require additional fixation.
Mineral wool
“When working with it, you must always use protective clothing and a mask.”
Rodents do not eat this material, but if you do not cover it with finishing, they can live in it. Mineral wool can be used to insulate houses made of wooden beam and using frame technology.
Prices for mineral wool
Penoizol
The texture resembles ordinary foam, but its mechanism of action is like that of a mounting foam. The material is applied to a special frame. Within 24 hours it dries and becomes hard.
Penoizol
Features of penoizol:
- average level of vapor permeability;
- completely fireproof - can go out on its own in case of fire;
- not afraid of moisture;
- during installation it fills the existing voids.
To work with this material you will need special tools.
What are the sizes of insulation?
Insulation dimensions are an important criterion
What type of insulation is there?
The main criterion when choosing the size of a heat insulator is its thickness. Length and width do not play a big role. They are taken into account only when calculating the required amount of materials. The dimensions of the insulation depend on its type.
Table 3. Insulation dimensions:
| Name | Thickness | Length | Width |
|---|---|---|---|
| Styrofoam | 20-100 mm | 500-2000 mm | 1000 mm |
| Penoplex | 20-100 mm | 1200-2400 mm | 600 mm |
| Mineral wool | 46-214 mm | 1176 mm | 566-614 mm |
| Izolon | 3.5-20 mm | From 10 m | 600-1200 mm |
| Arbolit | 250 mm | 500 mm | 200-400 mm |
| Chipboard | 10-22 mm | 1830-2800 mm | 20170-2620 mm |
| Fibrolite | 30-150 mm | 2400-3000 mm | 600-1200 mm |
When purchasing materials, you need to pay attention to the area of the roll or slab. It is usually indicated on the packaging. To calculate how much insulation you will need, you need to do the following:
- Calculate the perimeter of the building - add the length and width. Multiply this amount by 2.
- Measure the height and multiply this value by the perimeter of the house.
- Divide the resulting value by the area of one roll or slab.
- Multiply this number by 0.15.
Insulation of the house
To reduce heating costs and keep your home warm for a long time, you need to choose a high-quality heat insulator. If you need to insulate a house from the outside, it is better to use inorganic materials - they are less exposed to the external environment.
Video - How to insulate the facade of a house without experience, with your own hands
For interior decoration, insulation materials made from natural materials are more suitable. Knowing the technical characteristics of each type, you can easily choose the optimal heat insulator option for your home.
