Standards for the location of a cesspool on the site. Cesspool: sanitary and building codes and regulations. Regulations and conditions
When construction of a country house or country house, its owners immediately take into account the design of the drainage system. The most suitable solution to this issue is a cesspool. But it must comply with SNiP. If any points are violated during design and construction, operation may be accompanied by fines and many problems.
Why you should follow SNiP
Failure to comply with the requirements leads to contamination of natural water sources and the spread of infections. Before building a pit ideal option will be its inclusion in the development plan. It will also be necessary to coordinate with the government services involved. This should include SES. For getting permitting documents This condition is necessary for work.
Selecting a location
Studying sanitary standards and requirements for a cesspool, you will need to choose the right location. A pit is a container for receiving household waste. To determine the location and approval, according to SNiP, it is necessary to analyze the site and the surrounding area. When drawing up a diagram, you need to take into account the location:
- wells;
- residential building;
- pipelines;
- water supply;
- outbuildings;
- gas pipes wires
Here the elements of the landscape, highlands and lowlands of the area are taken into account. When planning, you must take into account the location of neighboring communication systems, wells, and houses in order to allocate an area for a sanitary zone. When planning the location, the direction of movement of underground flows should be taken into account. You can obtain information about them from the relevant services.
Regulations and conditions
Having studied the sanitary standards and rules for a cesspool, you can find out where to carry out work from neighbors or your own home. It is important to choose the right optimal place. For example, the pit should be removed 1.5 m from the boundaries of the site. As for water intake wells, treatment systems should be 20 m away from them. The sewage system should be 10 m away from the structures of the neighboring house and the main building of the neighbors. The pit should be 8 m or more away from the residential building, water pipes should be 25 m away from it. As for gas pipes, then the distance to them should be 5 m, but from underground flows - 25 m.
The standards for placing cesspools also regulate the condition of the soil in the building area. On clay soils natural wells should be 20 m away from the pit. If your territory has loamy soil, then this figure should be increased by 30 m. As for sandy soils, then natural wells should be 50 m away from the pit. The location of the structure downstream is not recommended groundwater. This will prevent contamination of natural wells.
What regulatory documents must be followed?
Sometimes it happens that it is impossible to maintain the shortest distance to your home. If it is impossible to install the capacity with the mentioned step, then the mentioned parameters can be reduced only after agreement with some services. Experts do not recommend deviating from the requirements. When waste rots, which certainly happens in a pit, gases will be released. Don't forget about the unpleasant odor. At open windows in the summer all these aromas will penetrate into the house. Therefore, it is important to understand that sanitary standards must be observed. The distance from the house to the cesspool is usually 15 m.
It is especially difficult to withstand the step to the nearest water pipes. This is due to the fact that you must take into account the direction of movement of currents underground. They flow from drainpipe and head towards the cesspool. If in the opposite side, then the selected distance must be increased from 25 to 40 m.
The main document that will guide you when constructing a cesspool is SanPiN 42-128-4690-88. Sanitary rules that regulate the maintenance of populated areas are spelled out here. You will be able to learn about the basic requirements for design and location, as well as care. cesspool. The documentation was developed back in the Soviet Union, and analogues have now been adopted in almost all CIS countries.
Despite its relatively long history, the sanitary standards prescribed in this document remain relevant, but not all of them. For example, professionals in the field of sewerage installation advise increasing the distance from the waste collection tank to a residential building or additional buildings.
Having familiarized yourself with the standards for a drainage pit in a private house, you can begin to choose the type of such structure. Most simple option is a hole without a bottom. Such structures can only be constructed if the daily volume of sewage is no more than one cubic meter. The pit should be located below the level of the drinking water intake to prevent contamination of the water in the well by runoff.
When constructing a pit, you must take into account some parameters. For example, there are certain requirements for the location of a drinking well and pit, which depends on the properties and types of soil in the area. This was discussed above. If the household generates more than the mentioned volume of wastewater every day, you should abandon this pit option and consider similar structures made of metal, brick or concrete.
An excellent option would be a plastic sealed drive. Standards for drain hole in a private house there are also concerns regarding hermetic construction. It should have a slope towards the technological hatch for cleaning. The choice of location will depend on the distance to the building and the fencing of the site; these parameters are 10 m and 1 m, respectively.
Such a sealed pit will have to be cleaned periodically. A sewer truck is used for this. It is not recommended to locate the pit deeper than 3 m, otherwise emptying will not be effective enough due to the limited length of the hose. After all, the silt that forms at the bottom will remain there.
By getting acquainted with the standards for a drainage pit in a private house, you can find out that you need to ensure free access for cars to it. During the operation of the storage device, methane may be formed. In order to prevent the accumulation of explosive gas, the container should be equipped with ventilation. Regulatory Requirements provide for the installation of a 10-centimeter pipe, which will rise 60 cm above the ground.
Detailed information on maintaining the distance to communications
The standards for a drainage pit in a private house also require maintaining the distance to communications, namely gas and water pipes. If the pipeline is made of reinforced concrete or asbestos cement, then the distance to the pit should be 5 m or more. The distance to cast iron pipes with a diameter of no more than 200 mm is 1.5 m. When cast iron pipes have a more impressive diameter, the distance increases to 3 m. Up to gas pipeline When constructing a pit, a step of 5 m is maintained.
Features of drawing up a diagram
In a private house, it is quite possible to equip a drainage pit with your own hands. Brick is often used for this. At the first stage, it is necessary to draw up a plan diagram, which should indicate all the buildings on the site and the distance between them. It is also important to mention the boundaries of the site. You will designate garden paths, water intake wells, gazebos, green spaces and groundwater flow.
Armed with a compass, you will need to install the leg on the plan in the place where the hole is supposed to be laid. The radius of the circle at a scale of 1 to 100 should be 12 cm. If the circle does not touch any buildings on the territory, you can continue to draw a geometric figure with a radius of 20 cm. The focus at this stage should be on how the line to the water intake source went. From this point you need to draw a circle with a radius of 2 cm. Here you should pay attention to the fencing of the area. If the lines of the circles do not cross out the points where the objects are located, then the pit is located correctly.
Features of arranging a pit made of concrete rings
If you want to equip a cesspool, the sanitary standards regulated by SNiP must be studied. This was discussed above. Next, you can choose the type of construction, which may involve the use of concrete rings. A standard system of this type consists of 2-3 products. Each ring will be able to hold up to 1.5 cubic meters.
Having decided on the dimensions of the well, you must prepare a pit with dimensions 90 cm larger than the diameter of the rings being installed. The walls should be cleaned and leveled. The bottom is well compacted. To create a sealed bottom, it is necessary to pour mortar or lay bricks. It will take about a week for the concrete to harden. To simplify the task, you should use ready-made concrete rings with bottom.
Once the bottom has gained strength, you can begin installing the rings. Products are lowered into the well using a crane or winch. If they are skewed and stuck during immersion, the hole should be expanded. According to SNiP standards, the drainage pit in a private house must be sealed, so impacts and the formation of cracks should be prevented. To prevent problems on top part Each ring should be laid with boards.
Finally
Dock points are covered cement mortar, to which is added liquid glass. For waterproofing, rubber seals should be used. After completing the installation of the tank wall with outside reinforced with broken bricks or stones. Can be used construction garbage or soil removed when digging a pit.
If you are planning to install a drainage pit, you need to know that this issue is carefully monitored by sanitary services and legislation.
The reason for this is the potential threat to the environment that this structure poses.
That is why, before starting installation work, you should get permission to do them.
Country house drainage pit
Getting permission
Permission to build a cesspool on the territory adjacent to the house is issued by the local SES.
In order to receive required document, you will need to draw up a diagram and design of a treatment facility and submit it to this service.
At the same time, the project must fully comply with current sanitary standards and SNiP. Only in this case can it be approved.
Location according to SNiP
After approval, an inspector may come to your private land plot to verify compliance with the project conditions.
If they are violated, in particular, the distance from the cesspool to the neighboring plot is not maintained, you will face a fine, the size of which will depend on the severity of the violation.
That is why it is still better to arrange the drainage pit according to the rules.
Location of the drainage pit from the house
The cost of obtaining a permit will be quite low. It will be approximately 200 rubles.
If you are interested in the question of what the fine is for a cesspool in the absence of permitting documentation for it, then it can vary between 100-500 rubles, reaching several thousand.
SNiP standards for design
The first regulatory document regulating the construction of a cesspool is SanPiN 42-128-4690-8.
You should also pay attention to the standards prescribed in SNiP 30-02-97.
They provide the following rules for arranging a drainage pit:
Standards SanPiN 42-128-4690-8
- The wastewater storage tank must be located in the area immediately adjacent to a private house;
- the distance from the cesspool to the water supply must be at least 10 meters. Less distance to central water supply will not be approved by the SES. Also, the pit should not be located closer than 20 meters from the well or well. This distance between the well and the cesspool must be observed;
- place a storage or treatment facility no closer than 10 meters to your residential building and residential buildings located in the neighboring territory. But the indicator here is not clear. If we talk about the standards for placing cesspools on the site, then in some of their editions it is noted that they can be placed at a distance of 5 meters from the house;
- the distance from the system to the fence delimiting two plots of land should not be less than 2 meters;
- The depth of the cesspool according to SNiP cannot exceed 3 meters. In this case, a distance of 1 meter should remain between the bottom and the groundwater level.
There are also additional points that must be observed during the construction and even operation of a cesspool:
Requirements for the drain pit
- the structure must have a sealed cesspool and a ground part. The latter should be tightly closed with a lid;
- it is prohibited to allow the pit to be filled higher than 35 cm from the upper edge of its underground part;
- The cesspool must be cleaned as it fills. The maximum frequency of cleaning is once every six months;
- Be sure to disinfect the cesspool.
Disinfector for cesspool
Additionally standards for the location of a cesspool on the site are stated in the following documents:
SNiP drainage pit design standards
It should be noted that in all of the listed regulations and sanitary standards, the requirements for cesspools are the same.
That is why you do not have to study large amounts of information in order to obtain the appropriate permission to implement the prepared project.
How to choose a location
The first stage in creating a project is determining the location of the drainage pit.
It should be located on the lowest part land plot, and also be located at a certain distance from the objects located here.
The rules for placing a cesspool on a site strictly determine the distance that must be observed.
Let's consider this issue in detail:
Rules for placing a cesspool on the site
- the distance from the well to the cesspool should not be less than 20 meters. In this case, the pit should be located below the well along the slope of the site. If we talk about the distance from the well to the cesspool, then it will be exactly the same. This will protect drinking water from wastewater contamination. This condition must be observed;
- The minimum distance from the house to the cesspool is 5 meters. But, in order to avoid problems with the SES, it is better to increase it to 10-15 meters;
- the distance from the cesspool to the neighbors: to the fence it should not be less than 2 meters, to a residential building - less than 10-12 meters;
- The drainage pit should be located at a distance of 3 meters from the highway. At the same time, easy access for a sewer truck should be provided to it, allowing for cleaning. ;
- The drainage pit can be placed at a distance of 1-5 meters from outbuildings. It is better to take a larger distance as a basis to avoid destruction of the building due to high humidity soil;
- the distance to the garden or vegetable garden should be 20-30 meters. This will preserve the ecological purity of the soil and guarantee the safety of the crops and plants growing here.
Placement of a cesspool on the site
These will be the standards for a drainage pit in a private house.
It is not so difficult to follow them and it is necessary to do it.
This way you can avoid unnecessary problems, including legislation.
Fines for violations
For any violations of construction or operation legislation Russian Federation a fine is provided.
However, its size will depend on the severity of the violation, as well as on the number of previously recorded cases of ignoring regulatory documents.
Diagram of daily waste volume
For example, the standards stipulate that a pit with a filter bottom can only be equipped if the daily volume of wastewater does not exceed 1 m3.
Otherwise, the owner of the land plot faces a fine.
Its size will be determined by the court, because it is in court that the issue of choosing a punishment will be decided.
But it should be understood that this is a serious violation of environmental standards, so the fine can reach several thousand rubles.
Well with filter bottom
If a complaint is received from neighbors and a single violation of the rules for operating a cesspool is discovered, then the owner will first be issued a warning with a strong recommendation to eliminate the problem.
If sanitary standards for the operation of a cesspool continue to be violated, there is a risk of receiving a fine. The maximum fine for a cesspool without a bottom is 500 rubles. (according to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, Article 6.3. Violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population).
At the same time, its size may increase, especially in cases where the owner of a private plot ignores warnings and penalties more than once.
It is necessary to monitor the condition of the cesspool
In addition to a fine, which can reach 500 rubles, the court may order the drain to be remodeled, moved, or completely eliminated.
Cleaning the cesspool
When designing a suburban or country house It is necessary to immediately take into account the arrangement of the drainage system. The optimal solution this issue will be a cesspool today. To implement your plans, you need to study specific recommendations, advice and established regulations on the topic of cesspool - sanitary standards.
System design and arrangement autonomous sewerage private home ownership involves compliance with sanitary requirements, certain norms and rules that are mandatory. In case of violation of sanitary standards during the design and construction of a cesspool, its operation can later bring many problems and considerable fines.
Failure to comply with even part of the requirements established rules leads to pollution of natural sources drinking water and the spread of infections. Therefore, the ideal option before building a cesspool would be to include it in the development plan and coordinate it with all government services involved in this issue, including the SES. This is necessary to obtain permits for construction.
How to choose the right construction site?
cesspool is a container for storing household waste. To determine its location and harmonize it with sanitary regulations, it is necessary to analyze your site and the surrounding area.
To do this, you need to study the schematic plan of the site, where the location is indicated:
- residential building;
- outbuildings;
- wells;
- gas pipelines;
- water supply pipelines.
Here it is necessary to take into account the elements of the landscape, lowlands and hills of the area. When planning, you should note the location of neighboring houses, wells and communication systems in nearby areas in order to allocate areas for a “sanitary zone”. When planning the location of the cesspool, it is necessary to take into account the direction of movement of groundwater. Information about them can be obtained from the relevant services.
Conditions and standards for choosing a pit location
After analyzing the schematic plan, you need to choose the optimal location for the cesspool. By sanitary requirements it should be removed:
- From the neighboring house and its buildings - 10–12 meters.
- The boundaries of the site are at least 1.5 meters.
- Residential building - at a distance of 8 to 10 meters.
- Water intake wells - 20 meters.
- Water pipes - 25 meters.
- Underground groundwater flows - 25 meters.
- Gas pipes - 5 meters.
When building a cesspool, you need to take into account the condition of the soil at the location of the device. On clay soils, natural wells, according to sanitary requirements, must be located at a distance of 20 meters from the pit. On loamy soils they move away by 30 meters, and on sandy or supersandy soils by 50 meters.
What type of cesspool to choose
Important components
The simplest option provided for by SNiP is a bottomless cesspool. It is designed for small waste emissions of up to 1 cubic meter per day. During this time, the wastewater has time to pass in a natural way into the soil, and aerobic soil bacteria process them.
The accumulated sludge from such cesspools must be removed periodically - once every six months. However, this is the simplest and affordable option reception and disposal of wastewater. He belongs to the type village toilets, which are no longer relevant today due to their low resource for receiving wastewater and unpleasant odors near him. In addition, such structures today can be environmentally hazardous.
If there are more than two people living in a house who are accustomed to the comfortable conditions of city life, it is necessary to consider options for arranging sealed cesspools. They are environmentally friendly, and waste from them will not end up in the soil. One of the options that meets the requirements of SNiP is a pit made of concrete, cinder block or brick. Great solution The issue of discharging household wastewater will be a sealed storage septic tank made of plastic.
Requirements for a cesspool
The depth of the sealed pit must be no more than 3 meters. This is due to its servicing by a sewage disposal machine, the hose of which is designed for a 3-meter length of sewage intake. If you make the hole deeper, the cleaning efficiency will decrease due to the permanent sediment remaining at the bottom.
The sewer pipe entering the pit should have a diameter of 10 cm. The depth of its placement in the ground is 1.2 m, which ensures its safety in winter. The slope of the pipe towards the drainage pit must be at least 3%.
Sewer hatch
The entrance of the sewer pipe into the wall of any constructive solution pits must be made soft. Bitumen and ordinary construction foam are excellent for this work.
The bottom of the pit is arranged with a mandatory slope towards the hatch, which will ensure better pumping of sewage. To eliminate the possibility of an explosion in the pit, you need to install ventilation pipe with a diameter of 10 cm and bring it above the ground to a height of at least 60 cm.
The decomposition of organic matter in the pit leads to the formation of methane gas, which often causes an explosion. Therefore, it must be removed from the internal volume of the sealed pit.
To operate the sewage disposal machine and service the pit, it is necessary to provide accessible access to it. You will need to call the car 2 times a month if you consume more than 150 liters of water per day per person.
Types and design of autonomous sewage systems
Self-contained sewers are divided into:
- To non-volatile. In this case, the waste flows into the pit naturally.
- Volatile - in this case, a pump is required to pump out wastewater.
The main condition for arranging an autonomous wastewater storage tank is complete tightness of the structure. Installation ready-made septic tanks on site ensures absolute sealing, which is guaranteed by the manufacturer.
A wastewater storage tank in the form of a cesspool can be designed and made from various materials, including brick, cinder blocks or factory reinforced concrete blocks and rings.
Features of brick and cinder block pits
Scheme sewer system
Building a brick or cinder block pit takes a lot of time and labor, but provides full execution SNiP requirements.
Main stages of construction work:
- The walls of the pit are lined with bricks or cinder blocks with mandatory bandaging of the seams.
- The inner surface is plastered and ironed.
- The outer perimeter of the masonry is coated with a 20-centimeter layer of oily clay.
- The bottom of the pit is also first coated with a layer of the same greasy clay, and the top is concreted, followed by iron reinforcement of the base of the cesspool.
Construction of a cesspool from blocks and rings
The use of reinforced concrete rings and ready-made concrete blocks for arranging a cesspool has a number of advantages, but requires special loading and unloading equipment for their installation. To construct a cesspool, you must have a lid, a bottom and at least 3 rings.
After earthworks After cleaning the base of the pit, the bottom must be concreted. Then you need to finally check all the dimensions according to the project in order to successfully install the rings. After installing the rings inner surface covered with bitumen, having previously sealed the joints with concrete. Similar work is carried out at the bottom of the pit.
Particular attention when constructing a cesspool made of reinforced concrete or concrete products waterproofing is given so that during operation the pit does not fill with melt or rain water.
After connecting sewer pipes install the hatch and cover the structure with earth.
Conclusion
Biological preparation for cleaning cesspools
IN Lately are being developed ready-made projects to autonomous cleaning systems. All of them are energy-dependent and expensive, but at the end the customer receives a complete and complete turnkey system of modern biological treatment.
Air and reagents are pumped into these systems, and harmful substances wastewater becomes harmless after biological treatment. Today this is the most effective method wastewater treatment, providing water purification up to 98%. Special permission from sanitary services for such systems is not required.
The issue of wastewater disposal in private houses and country houses is often solved by constructing a cesspool. For some developers, this topic is a “dark forest”, although there are standards that clearly regulate the process of constructing cesspools and septic tanks, violating which is highly discouraged. As you probably already understood, the topic of our article is: a cesspool - sanitary standards and rules for its arrangement.
Let's start with the normative act, and this is - The federal law N 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population” of 1999, which regulates sanitary standards that are mandatory for all citizens of the Russian Federation.
If you read the text carefully normative document, we will find out - the pit must be built with special filtration and it must not have a bottom in no case. Moreover, if daily norm wastewater is more than 1 cubic meter.
But there is a slight difference in that when building a cesspool for a house that will be heated and at least four people will live in it, the pit must be equipped with a special bottom.
Also, very often the question arises about what distance is needed from a residential building to a cesspool? Unfortunately, no one can give you a definite answer to such a question, since everyone will have their own dimensions.
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The requirements for a cesspool are clear, but the minimum distance that should be is 15 meters from the house. And all this is needed in order to poisonous gases, which emit waste, did not harm others in any way, including the residents of the house itself. If you need the distance from the cesspool to the water pipes to be much closer, then you will need to negotiate with the Sanitary and Epidemiological Inspectorate, the water utility department, etc.
Rules for arranging a pit
But let’s still look at some mandatory standards that must be observed when building a cesspool with a working volume of up to 1 cubic meter of waste per day and signing an agreement with all authorities. Such pits - classic example For country houses and dachas without water heating devices and household appliances. The residence of people is not permanent.
According to sanitary standards, the installation of a septic tank is allowed at a distance of no closer than 5 meters from summer kitchen or at home. If the volume of wastewater is up to 8 cubic meters per day, the distance should be at least 8 meters.
The requirements look like this:
- If the drainage is 3 cubic meters in one day, the pipes must be installed closer to groundwater, at a distance of 40-50 meters.
- It is also very important to know that pipes must be installed upstream of groundwater
- If there is a location near your home artesian well, the distance must be at least 20 meters.
But still, some homeowners have a situation where it is practically impossible to make a cesspool at a great distance, what to do in such a situation?
In this case, experts advise installing wells or drainages for several houses at once. In this case, take into account the distance from the “red line” of 2.5-5 meters.
Requirements and standards SanPiN 42-128-4690-88
There are specially created Sanpin requirements for a cesspool.
So, if your house does not have a special sewage system, then you will be allowed to build a cesspool in your yard. But remember that it must be waterproof. There must also be a lid above the pit that will cover it, as well as a special grill. If required, you can share the pit with your neighbors.
If your home is near a school, kindergarten etc., then the distance should be at least 20 meters, but not more than 10 meters. If there are any questions about the cesspool, then here you will need to resolve this only with the help of special administrative advice. However, the general rule remains the same for everyone - the pit must be located at a distance of at least 50 meters from wells and springs.
The cesspool must be cleaned at least once every six months
To disinfect the cesspools of courtyard latrines, the following mixture is used:
- 10% bleach,
- 5% sodium hypochloride,
- 10% - naphthalizol,
- 5% - creolina,
- 10% - sodium metasilicate.
Additional requirements for arrangement
A prerequisite for constructing a cesspool is its tightness. Construction Materials must be dense, for example, such as boards, bricks or blocks. Also, the pit should not allow water or drains to pass through, so as not to pollute the environment.
To connect plumbing fixtures to the water supply network, a flexible water supply is used. It is in demand when connecting faucets, showers, toilets and other water intake points, and significantly simplifies the installation process. Flexible eyeliner also used during installation gas equipment. It differs from similar water devices in its manufacturing technology and special safety requirements.
Characteristics and types
The flexible hose for connecting plumbing is a hose of different lengths made of non-toxic synthetic rubber. Thanks to the elasticity and softness of the material, it easily takes the desired position and allows installation in hard to reach places. For guard flexible hose The upper reinforcing layer is designed in the form of a braid, which is made from the following materials:
- Aluminum. Such models can withstand no more than +80 °C and retain functionality for 3 years. At high humidity, aluminum braiding is prone to rust.
- Of stainless steel. Thanks to this reinforcing layer, the service life of the flexible water line is at least 10 years, and the maximum temperature of the transported medium is +95 °C.
- Nylon. This braid is used for the manufacture of reinforced models that can withstand temperatures up to +110 °C and are designed for intensive use for 15 years.
The fasteners used are nut-nut and nut-fitting pairs, which are made of brass or of stainless steel. Devices with different indicators permissible temperature differ in the color of the braid. Blue ones are used for connecting to a pipeline with cold water, and red ones - with hot ones.
When choosing a water line, you need to pay attention to its elasticity, reliability of fasteners and purpose. It is also mandatory to have a certificate that prevents the rubber from releasing toxic components during operation.
Features of gas connections
When connected gas stoves, speakers and other types of equipment also use flexible hoses. Unlike models for water, they have yellow and are not tested for environmental safety. For fixation, end steel or aluminum reinforcement is used. Distinguish the following types accessories for connecting gas appliances:
- PVC hoses reinforced with polyester thread;
- made of synthetic rubber with stainless steel braid;
- bellows, made in the form corrugated tube made of stainless steel.
Santekhkomplekt holding offers engineering equipment, fittings, plumbing and devices for connecting it to communications. The assortment is represented by products and materials from famous foreign and domestic producers. Discounts apply for bulk purchases, and product quality is confirmed by standard certificates. For information support and assistance, each client is assigned a personal manager. The ability to arrange delivery within Moscow and to other regions of the Russian Federation allows you to quickly receive the purchased goods without unnecessary hassle.
Drainage is a drainage and drainage measure to remove excess groundwater.
If water does not leave the site for a long time, the soil becomes gleyed, if shrubs and trees quickly disappear (get wet), you need to urgently take action and drain the site.
Causes of soil waterlogging
There are several reasons for soil waterlogging:
- clay heavy soil structure with poor water permeability;
- aquifer in the form of gray-green and red-brown clays is located close to the surface;
- high groundwater table;
- technogenic factors (construction of roads, pipelines, various objects) that interfere with natural drainage;
- disruption of the water balance by the construction of irrigation systems;
- The landscape area is located in a lowland, ravine, or hollow. In this case, precipitation and the influx of water from higher places play a big role.
What are the consequences of excess moisture in the soil?
You can see the results of this phenomenon yourself - trees and shrubs die. Why is this happening?
- the oxygen content in the soil decreases and the content increases carbon dioxide, which leads to disruption of air exchange processes, water regime and nutritional regime in the soil;
- oxygen starvation of the root-forming layer occurs, which leads to the death of plant roots;
- the supply of macro and microelements by plants (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) is disrupted, because excess water washes out mobile forms of elements from the soil, and they become unavailable for absorption;
- intensive breakdown of proteins occurs and, accordingly, the processes of decay are activated.
Plants can tell you at what level groundwater lies
Take a close look at the flora of your area. The species inhabiting it will tell you at what depth the groundwater layers are located:
- perched water - it is best to dig a reservoir in this place;
- at a depth of up to 0.5 m - marigold, horsetails, varieties of sedges grow - bladderwrack, holly, foxweed, Langsdorff's reed;
- at a depth of 0.5 m to 1 m - meadowsweet, canary grass, ;
- from 1 m to 1.5 m – favorable conditions for meadow fescue, bluegrass, mouse pea, china;
- from 1.5 m - wheatgrass, clover, wormwood, plantain.
What is important to know when planning site drainage
Each group of plants has its own moisture needs:
- at a groundwater depth of 0.5 to 1 m they can grow on raised beds vegetables and annual flowers;
- water depth up to 1.5 m is well tolerated vegetable crops, cereals, annuals and perennials (flowers), ornamental and fruit and berry bushes, trees on a dwarf rootstock;
- if the groundwater is more than 2 m deep, fruit trees can be grown;
- optimal depth of groundwater for Agriculture– from 3.5 m.
Is site drainage necessary?
Write down your observations for at least some time. You yourself can understand how much drainage is needed.
Maybe it makes sense to simply redirect melt and sediment water along the bypass channel, rather than allowing it to flow through your site?
Perhaps it is necessary to design and equip a storm drain and improve the composition of the soil and this will be enough?
Or is it worth doing drainage system only for fruit and ornamental trees?
A specialist will give you the exact answer, and we strongly recommend calling him. But after reading this article, you will gain some awareness on this issue.
Upon completion of technological and production tasks related to the arrangement of the sewer system in apartment building, industrial building, and also in private households it is required to test the involved system using the forced spill method. This task is used to identify possible defects or incorrect installation of the entire involved sewer part and a system testing report internal sewerage and drains will be material evidence of the work on acceptance of the object.
A visual inspection should be accompanied by inclusion in the test report of internal sewerage and drainage systems according to SNIP, which is currently represented by the current regulations of the “D” series appendix, which corresponds to SP 73.13330.2012 “Internal sanitary systems of a building”, recently a new one has been applied updated working edition according to SNiP 3.05.01-85.
