Autonomous sewage system in a private house technical specifications. Do-it-yourself autonomous sewage system in a private house and its installation. Septic tank with filtration well
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Today, there is a certain type of domestic sewage system that uses special means for waste recycling. Let's consider the main and fundamental factors, as well as the types, types and criteria of various autonomous sewers. This alternative is quite attractive for people who have private houses or summer cottages.
Unlike a cesspool, autonomous sewerage is involved in the production of purification, but not in any way in the accumulation of wastewater. There are several cleaning methods available, divided into three main types: chemical, biological and mechanical.
The use of special substances that cause cohesion of particles (coagulants) - chemical cleaning. Organic substances are extracted using microorganisms - biological treatment. Physical and mechanical methods that help remove insoluble impurities - mechanical cleaning.
There are two main types of treatment facilities, based on the scheme used - septic tanks, which have underground filtration facilities and some pre-fabricated (biological) treatment plants.
The need for autonomous sewerage is no longer worth proving due to the latest technologies and scientific progress. If it is not possible to connect to central system sewerage, there is an alternative - a local independent system. It is needed for the storage and disposal of wastewater.
For a private home, such a system is a tank that is intended for temporary storage. Or is it a treatment plant system consisting of a septic tank and filter units. This installation performs its functions for quite a long time and does not depend on external factors. The presence of electricity, sewage removal or connection to the central sewerage system does not matter in this case.
Main types of autonomous sewerage
cesspool
cesspool– ring made of concrete or other storage tank where wastewater will be collected. Chief and very actual question when building a house, where and how to equip this structure. No one in the city even thinks about it, but private sector has its own everyday inconveniences and difficulties in this regard.
This problem comes to the fore; in order for people to live cozy and comfortable, the sewer system needs to function without failures or problems. The device itself is quite simple and the right approach And quality materials, will serve for a long time.
An important detail that must always be taken into account is choosing the correct volume of the pit itself so that there are no problems with cleaning in the future. Select a place that will meet all the parameters and measurements, and after all this, begin to equip it. It’s not easy that the cesspool should not be placed near the house. Although very long sewer pipes will also be quite undesirable. In order for a sewage disposal truck to be able to drive up to the pit without obstacles, there must be a clear and convenient access.
Exist certain systems and rules for the location of the pit itself, its distance to various other objects on the sites. Primary requirements:
- the distance from the house to the pit is from 5 m;
- 1m from the bottom to groundwater;
- 1m from the fence to the edge of the pit;
- to sources drinking water(clay – 20m, loam – 30m, sandy loam – 50m).
The long service life of this structure depends on the required volume. When calculating per person, 0.5 cubic meters. If there is such a possibility, you can provide a device with a small reserve in volume. As an example, if three people live in a house, it will be about 6 cubic meters.
When the volumes have already been determined, the next step is to lay the pipes. With the required slope, about two or three percent (two, three cm) falls on each linear meter pipes. Accordingly, if the pipes are longer, the slope decreases.
There are two types of cesspool design: without a bottom and sealed (plastic container or other) buried in the ground. Construction technologies depend on the soil, the number of people living in the house and the location of groundwater. If this is a summer cottage and people will not live there all year round, then you need to make a hole like a container with a filter bottom. It looks like a well if the wastewater is no more than one cubic meter per day.
There are some stages in constructing such a pit:
- simultaneous arrangement of walls and pipe laying;
- leave one and a half cubic meters of soil during digging for thermal insulation;
- lay a pipe inside the well above the second ring from the surface;
- installation of hatches occurs after installed pipes, rings and covers;
- thirty cm width of the trench at the level of the walls;
- The slab is covered with soil and the hatch is left free.
Septic tank
Septic tank- a closed autonomous system, when wastewater enters it, mechanical filtration occurs with the help of bacteria. Almost ninety-eight percent, achieving the cleaning efficiency of such a system. Therefore, such wastewater is discharged and absorbed into the ground without the risk of contamination, such as groundwater, and the environment.
The tightness of the system prevents penetration unpleasant odors, which are associated with drainage and treatment. In the private sector, at dachas and sanatoriums, you can very often find such systems. There are many advantages in this installation - cost-effectiveness, ease of maintenance and efficiency at the highest level.
The basic principles of operation of a septic tank are the settling of wastewater and the mutual action of the liquid with anaerobic bacteria. Today there are a lot of different septic tanks and the most popular autonomous models. There is no need for any energy sources, additional installations or special conditions.
The assortment includes plastic containers with partitions inside for a sump and biofilter. The simplicity and reliability of this design attracts buyers. Polypropylene High Quality and large thickness, a good solution and a fairly budget option.
The advantages of this design:
- convenience (block-modular);
- efficiency with infiltrator;
- compact size, simple installation;
- availability and reliability;
- ease of maintenance (pumping once a year).
The durability of the device, the capacity and separation of the chambers themselves for some processes of settling and biological decomposition. The operating principle of a septic tank includes several processes. The receiving chamber where wastewater enters is quite large. Inorganic substances that cannot be decomposed are deposited here. The second settling tank receives clarified water for better settling.
The third chamber is equipped with a biofilter in the form of a cyclone, where waste products of microorganisms accumulate and organic matter decomposes. All cleaning processes proceed consistently, efficiently and efficiently. To carry out soil purification of water from contents harmful substances, the installation is connected to the infiltrator.
Installation of a septic tank, brief information:
- large-scale excavation robots (installation pits, pipeline trenches);
- leveling the surface with sand, strengthening the bottom;
- a 400 mm gravel layer for the infiltrator;
- sand thickness for trenches 200-300mm;
- connecting pipes, filling with water for strength;
- sand-cement mixture for filling on the sides of the installation.
There are septic tanks affordable prices, especially when compared with the cost of other manufacturers. The competitiveness of the product speaks for itself, for example, Tank septic tanks. Can meet the requirements of many buyers with maximum efficiency.
It is important to know that septic tanks will be immediately ready for use and installing them yourself is quite realistic and possible. The approximate price scale for such treatment plants as “Tank 1, 2, 3, 4” is given in this table:
|
Name |
Number of persons |
Performance |
Dimensions, mm |
Price, rubles |
| Tank 1 | 1-3 | 600 | 1200x1000x1700 | 28000 |
| Tank 2 | 3-4 | 800 | 1800x1200x1700 | 38000 |
| Tank 3 | 4-6 | 1200 | 2200x1200x2000 | 55000 |
| Tank 4 | 7-9 | 1800 | 3800x1000x1700 | 68000 |
Now many people have begun to think about environment, its preservation for future generations. Owner of a private house or suburban area strives to live in comfort and away from civilization. Without the necessary communications, you can make life comfortable and convenient for the whole family, while preserving nature.
More recently, home treatment facilities have appeared, but this moment they are already very popular and in demand. Another representative of the treatment station is the septic tank " Topas", which is produced by the Topol-Eco group of companies. This is local biological system wastewater treatment, which has the principle of preliminary sedimentation of large suspended matter.
Let's consider some principles of operation of this septic tank
The first chamber serves for sedimentation, the wastewater flows through a central outer pipe from the household sanitary equipment. At the first stage, the process of biological decomposition is already underway due to the supply of oxygen. The settled water from the reservoir, using the airlift, passes into the second compartment.
The aeration tank is the next reservoir in which the main work of activated sludge occurs. Due to the respiration process of microorganisms, pollutants are decomposed and air is supplied by the compressor. The particles become overgrown with silt, and this allows them to be removed during the sedimentation process in the next chamber.
Sump – third compartment, pyramid. It precipitates sludge from the water and removes already purified water. The liquid leaving the secondary settling tank must pass through an additional filter.
One hundred percent purified wastewater is discharged into a receiving container (ditches, reservoirs). Thanks to high level purification, such water can be used for irrigation various plants, shrubs, trees and other plantings.
From the secondary settling tank, light suspended sludge is fed to the beginning of the cycle, and the fourth chamber for heavy sludge is called a stabilizer. The scheme is quite simple and without human intervention, it is possible to obtain high-quality wastewater treatment. The basis is ordinary natural processes biological decomposition.
There is a slight drawback to the Topas septic tank and this is its energy dependence (compressor operation). But there are many more advantages:
- compact design;
- electricity (low consumption);
- installation diagrams are simple;
- the operational process is not complicated;
- The model line is large.
These models of such septic tanks differ in power; it depends on the number of people operating the sanitary equipment of a residential building. If the house has a large sanitary equipment, then you need to buy a septic tank with increased productivity.
Each such model provides for two main modifications: standard (pipe insertion to a depth of 0.3 - 0.9 m) and long (1.0 - 1.5 m). Also available with an equipped pump, another modification, where the output of purified water is forced.
Maintenance and operation rules
Start-up work is carried out immediately after installing all elements of the Topas cleaning system, and for the first time it is better to do this by a specialist in this field. The required biomass is formed in about three weeks. To speed up this process, sludge from the reservoir should be added.
Necessary actions during routine maintenance:
- cleaning compressor membranes (every two or three years);
- replacement of aeration equipment (every twelve years);
- year-round use of a septic tank (every three or four months, removal of waste sludge);
- comprehensive station maintenance (every or two years).
When all procedures are completed, reinstall the equipment and fill the septic tank two-thirds with water. Now you can begin further use of this device. Otherwise, the Topas septic tank works efficiently and in autonomous mode.
The choice is always yours, but if you are not a builder and do not have skills in this area, it will be better to contact a specialist in this matter. The conditions of your area, drainage volumes, correct calculations on all building regulations. Climatic conditions, relief, soil characteristics and the location of underwater waters and many other factors also play a fundamental role. Therefore, it’s up to you, weigh and consider all the arguments and accept correct solution for you and your family.
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The problem of water disposal and wastewater treatment is relevant for any owner of country property. Therefore, if the developer has chosen an autonomous sewer system in a private house: how to choose the equipment, the characteristics of individual elements of the system - the most pressing issue before installation.
Autonomous sewerage in a private house - the best choice for a summer residence
Scope of application of autonomous sewer systems
Any home equipped with running water needs drainage and wastewater treatment. If the project includes an autonomous sewerage system in a private house, how to choose equipment that combines the minimum construction and operation budget with high performance- the main question of the cottage owner who does not have special education.
For garden and country houses, a budget option is septic tanks that can clean wastewater by 60 - 75%. Due to the seasonal periodic operation In houses, an underground reservoir does not require annual pumping of sewage, which sharply reduces the operating budget. They are inexpensive and, if necessary, are made from concrete well rings.
For year-round housing, VOC (local treatment plant), SBO (biological treatment station), and aeration tank systems using highly efficient anaerobic bacteria are more suitable. This equipment allows you to reuse treated wastewater; pumping is rarely done. However, the construction and maintenance budget is increasing sharply.
Autonomous sewerage design
Before you find out what an autonomous sewage system is in a private house and how to choose an option suitable for specific operating conditions, you need to consider the design of treatment facilities. There are several options for wastewater disposal systems with subsequent post-treatment:
- septic tank - several internal chambers connected by overflow pipes, in the largest of which the wastewater settles and loses large suspensions, mechanical impurities, the rest contain anaerobic bacteria that decompose organic matter without the presence of air;
- aeration tank - the design is similar to the previous one, however, air is forced into the chambers, necessary for aerobic bacteria, which are capable of breaking down almost all organic impurities present in sewage;
Anaerobic aeration tank
- combined systems - on initial stage anaerobic bacteria are involved in the cleaning process, then the wastewater is purified by anaerobic microorganisms.
All autonomous sewage systems consist of individual elements:
- highway external sewerage– pipes through which wastewater flows by gravity (less often under pressure or vacuum) from the home into the chambers of the septic tank, aeration tank;
- treatment facility - a metal, polymer, concrete tank, partitioned into several chambers, there is no additional equipment in septic tanks, compressors are installed in aeration tanks;
- infiltration system - a well or filtration field in which treated wastewater is discharged into the soil through a natural filter (40 cm layer of crushed stone, shungite, sand) for natural post-treatment with soil.
Filtration wells have a minimal construction budget, but are only suitable for sandy soils, areas with groundwater level lower by 1.5 - 5 m relative to the mouth. Filtration fields are buried below the fertile layer and can be used on clay soils. At high groundwater levels, the only option for an infiltration system is a ground filter. The effluent from the septic tank is pumped, collected in above-ground tanks, and usually reused.
Wells do not require filtration ventilation system, for fields it is prerequisite safe operation. The filtration field consists of several contours or beams of corrugated pipes perforated with small holes. Unlike drainage systems, the liquid is not collected in them, but is discharged onto the underlying layer of crushed stone. After which, the wastewater seeps into the soil, is purified, and ends up in underground layers.
Autonomous sewer design
Industry produces underground tanks from different materials with different characteristics. Therefore, when purchasing an autonomous sewer system in a private house, how to choose the appropriate equipment and characteristics for a particular facility is the most pressing question for the developer. At the design stage of the drainage system, it is necessary to take into account the following nuances:
- anaerobic bacteria reproduce on their own, septic tanks can be used periodically;
- Aerobic wastewater treatment systems are energy dependent, microorganisms die when seasonal operation, long-term power outages necessary for the operation of compressors, activated sludge must be periodically updated;
- in gravity pipelines from the building to the septic tank, a slope of 4 - 7 degrees is required, if you make the angle smaller, the wastewater will stop flowing into the tank, with large slopes the self-cleaning ability is reduced, blockages are possible due to the accumulation of large fractions;
- When backfilling plastic tanks, they must be partially filled with water so that the walls are not compressed by soil, which is important in areas without sources;
- in septic tanks manufactured industrially, pipe entry nodes have high tightness; it is much more difficult to insert pipelines into concrete rings;
- polymer septic tanks are not always loaded with wastewater; during winter heaving of the soil, these structures can be squeezed out to the surface, so a slab is laid or poured under them, to which the tank body is tied.
The size of the septic tank is chosen based on the volume of the first chamber; this figure should be 3 times the daily water requirement of the family. For the convenience of periodic pumping of sewage, underground tanks should be located closer to the roadway. The depth of the treatment plant is always individual. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the length of the sewer line, the slope of 4 - 7 degrees, and the winter freezing mark in the region.
Making an autonomous sewer system with your own hands
In principle, to install a VOC or septic tank, it is enough to determine the location of the tank, dig a pit for it, and connect it with a direct trench to the outlet collector of the internal sewer riser of the home. Then install the tank, pipes, make an infiltration system, and backfill.
However, there are nuances at each stage. Therefore, choose exactly which autonomous sewage system will be used and how to select individual elements when minimum budget, it is possible by following the recommendations of SP 32.13330 for external engineering drainage systems.
Integration on site
When choosing a location for operating a water treatment system, you should take into account the requirements of regulatory documents:
- distances to objects considered significant - trees 3 m, water intake source 30 - 50 m, border of the neighboring plot 2 m, “red” line of the roadway 5 m, driveways 3 m, foundation of a dwelling 4 m, natural reservoirs 10 m;
- infiltration systems - safe distances are similar to the previous case.
In addition, you should take into account the passage of paths around the site, recreation areas, and parking to ensure maximum living comfort.
Attention! It is prohibited to discharge drainage, storm water, or drain water from ponds and swimming pools into an external sewer septic tank in order to avoid overflowing the chambers and soil contamination.
Excavation
Any underground structures are inevitably subject to the forces of frost heaving. They are eliminated by insulating the perimeter of the base of the structure, drainage, using non-metallic materials in the underlying layer, and backfilling the pit sinuses.
For septic tanks, the first two technologies are not used; the sinuses are filled with ASG or sand. Therefore, the dimensions of the pit should be 40 cm larger than the size of the container around the perimeter. The laying depth is calculated as follows:
- underlying layer – 10 – 15 cm;
- concrete slab– 10 – 15 cm, only for plastic structures;
- level of freezing - due to the fact that the wastewater comes from the building, it always has a positive temperature, during decomposition by bacteria, organic matter is released thermal energy, a depth of 1.5 - 2 m is sufficient.
The trench from the tank to the cottage should have a slope of 4 - 7 degrees. For this, a height difference of 2–3 cm at a distance of one meter is sufficient.
The underlying layer is made of sand on dry soils, crushed stone at high groundwater levels. Layer-by-layer laying of every 15 cm with compaction using a vibrating plate is required.
Tank installation
Polymer containers are usually installed manually, while metal and concrete septic tanks are placed with a crane. If necessary, for lightweight structures, a concrete slab without reinforcement is cast on top of the underlying layer. The tank should be positioned horizontally to get the most out of it. inner space working chambers.
Laying external sewerage
The highway is assembled from redheads sewer pipes diameter 11 – 20 mm. Before installing the communication system, it is necessary to carry out the following work:
- laying a geotextile fabric on the bottom of the trench, the edges of the material are launched onto the sides;
- underlying layer of crushed stone or sand 10 - 15 cm;
- rammer inert material vibrating plate;
- laying pipes with a gravity slope;
- backfilling with crushed stone or sand;
- covering with geotextiles.
This technology will eliminate soil subsidence and spontaneous detachment of bells. Geotextiles prevent mutual mixing of soil with non-metallic material.
Video: how to properly lay sewer pipes
All input nodes are sealed with rubber and silicone cuffs to prevent leaks. If necessary, internal equipment and overflow pipes are installed. Most difficult to seal PVC pipes when passing through concrete rings. For this purpose, penetrating mixtures are used, added to the cement-sand mortar.
Infiltration systems
The infiltration well is made of concrete rings. The structure does not have a bottom; instead, a 40 cm layer of crushed stone, shungite, and gravel is filled in. Filtration fields are manufactured using the following technology:
- soil is removed in an area, the size of which depends on the filtering capacity of specific soils in the building area;
- the perimeter is covered with geotextiles, preventing siltation and mixing with a layer of material;
- a drainage layer is created from crushed stone, on which beams of corrugated pipes or contours are laid;
- the structure is filled with the same natural filter, then with soil.
Manufacturers of septic tanks produce special infiltration elements, the design of which is a hybrid of a field and a filtration well. They are mounted in a standard way.
backfilling
When using non-metallic material in the sinuses of the pit, it is possible to completely eliminate the pulling loads from freezing soils that act on underground tanks. To do this, a 40 cm layer on all sides of the septic tank is enough, but layers of 15–20 cm should be laid, each compacted with a vibrating plate or hand tools.
Decorating the hatch
To service septic tanks, openings with hatches extending to the surface are used. To maximize the integration of this communication element into the landscape of the site, decorative items, produced by industry. Usually these are figures of animals, fairy-tale characters, mushrooms, stumps, and boulders made of polymer materials. They are easy to remove, weigh practically nothing, and have reliable fastening, are not blown away by the wind.
conclusions
Autonomous sewerage in a private house is done once and for a long time. If you are the owner of a small summer cottage plot, then many of the elements and installation steps described above are optional. If you are planning to organize a drainage system big house where several people live on a permanent basis, then you should approach the design with all care and responsibility.
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Currently modern construction suburban housing is developing rapidly. Cottages, houses, and settlements are being built at a remote distance from industrial centers. Due to the fact that there are no centralized sewerage, heating networks or water supply systems nearby.
People who live in villages far from city amenities try to solve the issue of arranging their countryside housing on their own - they equip with their own hands an autonomous sewer system in a private house, cottage or country house. To understand what is the best sewer system to buy and install in your dacha, you need to understand what it is and what role it plays.
What it is?
Residents of the metropolis are little concerned about the question of where the wastewater disappears from the vent sewer system, actually, and why should they bother themselves with such a question, he pressed the button, water flowed from cistern, washed away the waste products, and they didn’t care where they went afterwards. But outside the city limits things are completely different.
If wastewater is discharged into the terrain, this can lead to catastrophic consequences. First of all, an unpleasant odor will hover throughout the entire area, then waterlogging will begin, and the water in the well will become unfit for drinking.
In this case, one cannot do without a war with neighbors, who will please instead fresh air inhale the unbearable stench, and of course they will certainly call the sanitary and epidemiological service, and they, in turn, will not only close your site, but you will also have to pay a fine.
To avoid such troubles, you need to equip your site with your own autonomous sewage system, which will process and drain water waste. Autonomous sewerage for a private house or cottage is an integral part of the systems that perform the functions of drainage and water supply to a residential building.
The main role it performs is the removal of wastewater that is formed as a result of domestic and economic activity people living in the house, drainage of surface water, drainage of liquid and solid waste, which then undergo effective treatment in the sewer system.
The main purpose
The main purpose of the sewer system is to effectively drain wastewater that is generated as a result of our economic and domestic activities; in addition, it serves as a drainage system. surface waters, also hard and liquid waste, which are subject to deep cleaning.
For houses that are located far from a centralized sewer system, the device autonomous system sewerage can be considered the only possible solution, thanks to which it will be possible to ensure a positive sanitary and epidemiological result.
In the photo you can see a diagram of the autonomous sewage system of a private house.
Types of autonomous sewerage
Based on what tasks the autonomous sewer systems will solve, they can be divided into several types:
- Domestic sewer system.
- Storm sewer system.
Below we will talk in more detail about each of them, this will help you choose the most suitable option.
Storm autonomous sewage system for country house. The main purpose of this system is to drain rainwater and melt water from the site. The design of a storm autonomous sewer system is a system consisting of drainage and drainage pipes, which are connected to special drains and storage wells - places where water is discharged into the sewer system.
In the photo above you can see the installation of a storm sewer system on the site.
Storage wells, in addition to their main role, can serve as engineering and inspection structures, and also perform treatment functions.
Domestic sewer system. This type of sewer system requires the construction of a more complex treatment facility. Availability in household waste organic inclusions, as well as the presence of biological and chemical. substances do not allow household waste to be discharged into a nearby ravine or river.
Now let’s talk about what types of treatment facilities exist that are successfully used today to equip the local sewer system of a country house, dacha or cottage.
To properly organize local sewerage at your dacha or home, watch the video presented here:
Septic tanks
This type of treatment plant is very often used when it is not possible to connect to a city treatment plant. They can be storage, hermetic, made from polymer-based materials, concrete, brick, and even from car tires. In the photo below you can see different kinds septic tanks that you can make with your own hands quickly and inexpensively. You can also select and install already ready septic tank at the dacha or at home.
This video shows how to make a cesspool from car tires:
In essence, a septic tank is an ordinary cesspool, which requires constant pumping of wastewater and its removal. How often the pit will be pumped out depends on the number of people living in the country house and how often they will use the plumbing.
Among the advantages of such a sewer system, special mention should be made of ease of installation, low price and long service life. As for the disadvantage, there is only one - you will need to constantly resolve the issue of pumping used wastewater out of the septic tank and disposing of it, which entails additional costs, and considerable ones, because the price of such services is far from cheap.
There are more complex systems, which provide for the possibility of several cleaning methods at once: settling of organic inclusions and their subsequent grinding and decomposition. Purification with this method reaches almost one hundred percent.
It must be said that such autonomous sewage systems require a more serious approach to do-it-yourself installation on the site. Of course, the price of installing such systems will be high, but you will have a good and highly efficient sewer system at home.
2-tier settling tanks
This type of autonomous sewage system is very simple, but at the same time its operation is very effective. Clarification of water waste is carried out using the method of gravitational settling.
To make it clearer, the work of the sewer system is as follows: when organic inclusions enter the system, they are delayed by barriers that are made like a labyrinth, and due to the delay by the upper tier (obstacles), a mud crust gradually forms, then under its own weight it begins to settle to the bottom of the receiving area. compartment
In the photo you can see a diagram of the structure of a two-tier sump.
If you don’t know how to make a sump, then this video will help you:
Aero tanks
This system consists of containers made of metal. The containers are pierced with aerator pipes and filled with colonies of microorganisms, under high pressure Air is pumped through the aerator pipes, which saturates the drains, which in turn form a favorable environment for aerobic bacteria that oxidize organic inclusions. Such an autonomous sewage system for a country house provides the highest degree of cleaning.
In the photo you can see the structure of the aeration tank.
Biofilters
This type is not used as a purification autonomous sewer system for a country house. They are used for the final stage of purification of organic inclusions before the removal of wastewater from city treatment facilities and powerful septic tanks, which serve several at once. country houses, cottages or dachas. The sewage system consists of multilayer polymer sieves - the base, in their cells the vital activity of colonies of aerobic microorganisms occurs.
The photo shows a diagram of the biofilter device.
In the photo you can see what the polymer sieves look like - the basics.
Judging by the reviews, this type of sewer system can be called the best, as it provides an almost one hundred percent degree of purification.
cesspool
This type of autonomous sewage system in a private house can be called the simplest and most inexpensive solution. Equipping a cesspool on your own is not particularly difficult.
Photo: cesspool made of concrete rings.
Advantages and disadvantages
Cesspool
Among the advantages of this type of autonomous sewage system for a summer residence, the following should be highlighted:
- Minimum costs for sewerage installation.
- Low price and ease of use.
Flaws:
- The cesspool can accept a small amount of waste.
- Costs for a vacuum cleaner (the price for pumping can range from fifty to one hundred dollars, and sometimes more).
- Presence of unpleasant odors.
Septic tanks
Among the advantages of using septic tanks for a country house, they should be especially noted:
- Relatively low price for installation on site.
- Using a septic tank does not harm the environment.
- The cleaning cycle is autonomous and requires no outside intervention.
The above list of advantages of a septic tank is far from complete. Just like any other sewage system for a country house, its use has its drawbacks, the main of which are:
- Operating costs.
- You may need to install additional equipment.
- Low cleaning level.
Autonomous sewerage system in a private house. The operation of an autonomous sewer system in a country house is exactly the same as the operation of a septic tank, only more efficiently. Among the advantages are:
- The service life is fifty years, and with proper care it can last longer.
- No unpleasant odors.
- Cleaning efficiency reaches up to ninety-eight percent.
- You will only need to order a sewer truck once a year.
Among the disadvantages, judging by the reviews of people, the disadvantages include the high price of installing an autonomous sewer system for a private home.
In the photo you can see the autonomous sewage system.
Photo: autonomous sewage system.
Comparison of popular systems
Septic tank Triton
Septic tank Triton, it is also called. Its price is low, it is easy to use, and it almost never breaks during operation. Numerous reviews from people about the septic tank indicate that it is better to choose it for installing an autonomous sewer system in a private home if there are insignificant volumes of liquid waste.
It will work effectively if a small family of two people lives in a private house. Otherwise, you will often have to pay for pumping out the septic tank, and the price for such services is rather high.
In the photo you can see what a sealed Triton septic tank looks like.
Two-chamber septic tank
This option does not require pumping. The installation of such an autonomous sewer system in a private house will be an excellent solution for a family of two to six people. It should be especially noted that a two-chamber septic tank requires almost no maintenance; cleaning can be done only once every two years. Among the advantages, one can highlight the fact that the installation of an autonomous sewer system can be quickly and easily done on your own at the dacha or next to a private house.
In the diagram above you can see the construction of a 2-chamber septic tank for a private house.
Septic Tank
This type of system has a simple, but very reliable design. Despite the fact that it is equipped with two purification chambers for collecting wastewater, the water comes out slightly clarified, so for better work You will need to install an infiltrator module; it is usually included in the kit.
In the photo you can see the factory septic tank Tank.
To better know what a Tank septic tank is and how it works, you can read online reviews of people who have dealt with such an autonomous sewage system in a private home or country house, and only then decide whether it is suitable in your case or not. If we judge the performance of the Tank septic tank, then in terms of efficiency it can be compared with the Topas septic tank, which is widely used for installation in a house, cottage or country house.
Septic tank Topas
Modern autonomous sewage system Topas for a private home or summer cottage is ideal solution, as it provides the highest degree of wastewater treatment. Thanks to the complex design, water purification is quite effective; such water can be safely drained into the ground or watered in the garden. Regarding the installation of an autonomous sewer system, it should be noted that its installation is quick and easy.
Based on people's reviews, such a system can be considered the best option for installing in a private home, because it does not have a single disadvantage, it has complete advantages. If you decide to choose this particular option for the sewer system, then carefully study its characteristics.
In the photo you can see a Topas septic tank installed in a private house.
Septic tank Tver
The photo shows a Tver septic tank for a private house.
Criteria for correct selection
If you do not know how to choose an autonomous sewer system for a private home, then in this case, seek help from knowledgeable people or read people’s reviews about this or that type of septic tank and only then proceed to choosing the model you need for your dacha. Important: when choosing an autonomous sewer system for a summer house, house or cottage, always remember that its installation is carried out not for one year, but for many decades.
The most important criterion when choosing an autonomous sewer system for a dacha is a competent calculation of the load on the septic tank; for this you will need to correctly determine the number of people who will live in a country house, for example, if you install an autonomous unilos sewer system for a family of two people, then you will have You may have big problems if the number of residents increases to four.
Also, the proper location of the sewage system at the dacha plays a huge role (applies only to those treatment plants that will use infiltration fields for post-treatment of wastewater). The installed storage septic tank must be located at a distance of at least thirty meters from a well with drinking water, and at a distance of at least five to six meters from the foundation of a summer house or private house. If you do not maintain such a distance, then you will encounter big problems, just read people's reviews, and you will understand everything yourself.
During the installation of a storage well, it is also important to consider in which direction the groundwater moves; the installation of an autonomous sewer system should be carried out lower downstream than the drinking water well. If you live in an area where there are often problems with electricity, then it would be better to buy a septic tank model that will not depend on the power supply.
To choose the right septic tank model, read people’s reviews or ask the experts, they will give you detailed information about existing types sewer systems and will help you choose the model of storage septic tank you need for your dacha.
Popular models
In order to radically solve the issue regarding the contamination of the aquifer and the area at the dacha with wastewater, you can choose the Unilos sewer system and equip a storage well. It must be said that such an autonomous sewage system for a dacha is considered the most universal solution.
The fact is that the Unilos septic tank can provide ninety-eight percent purification of wastewater, which makes it possible to use such water for draining into the ground or for irrigation green spaces in the country or near the house.
For the installation of an autonomous sewer system in a private house, the Unilos septic tank models of the Scarbey, Astra 5 or Cyclone series are ideal. These septic tank models can easily cope with the removal and processing of wastewater, the volume of which ranges from 0.6 to 30 m3 per day. Judging by the reviews of people, of these three models, the Astra 5 septic tank is the most popular, as it works much faster and more efficiently.
The photo above shows a diagram of the operating principle of the Unilos septic tank in the country.
Before you buy a Unilos septic tank, the first thing you need to decide is the choice of model; their range on the market is quite extensive: from Astra 5 septic tanks and so on to Astra 150. The number at the end of the model name indicates the number of people that the model can serve, for example , the number 5 indicates that the septic tank model is designed for a family of five people. By the way, this particular septic tank model, judging by numerous reviews, is the most attractive solution both in price and power.
If your home has a lot of equipment whose work is related to water processing, and you don’t know which model of sewer system to choose - a Unilos septic tank or another, then read reviews about them, this will help you choose a really good septic tank.
There are a lot of good reviews about the Astra 10 septic tank. The fact is that such a septic tank can easily clean a large volume of wastewater - it purifies up to 2 m3 of water per day and can easily withstand the discharge of up to five hundred and fifty liters. This model is well suited for a private home that has several bathrooms, showers or dishwashers.
The Topas septic tank is in no way inferior in popularity to the Unilos autonomous sewage system. The main role it plays is the accumulation of sewage, as well as its subsequent processing. Wide choose modifications of such equipment make it possible to solve the issue of installing a good sewer system not only for one family living in a private house, but also for a small village.
The photo shows the Topas septic tank.
Service
Target Maintenance autonomous sewer network in a private house is not only to ensure uninterrupted operation of the sewer system, but also to prevent the formation of blockages in savings system, also in preventing unpleasant situations, among which the first place is the breakdown of pipeline systems.
The main goal of servicing the sewer network is to thoroughly clean the sewer pipes, this makes it possible to significantly improve them throughput, also improve the functioning of the system, thereby increasing its operating time.
During the maintenance of the sewer system, it is recommended to carry out diagnostics; this will allow you to obtain more accurate information about whether it is necessary to carry out preventive cleaning of the laid pipeline or whether there is a need to eliminate blockages in the sewer network and in the storage well, which can soon cause an emergency.
To understand how maintenance is carried out, we have presented a video for you that will give useful tips:
Prices
Today there is a huge selection of septic tanks on the market, the price of which can vary greatly; below we will talk about the cost of the most popular models.
- Septic tank Tank 1 is suitable for a family of two to three people. On the market, its cost is about eighteen thousand rubles (without an infiltrator, it will need to be purchased separately). If you want to choose it for arranging a sewer network at your dacha, then based on reviews, this is the most ideal option.
- A Topas septic tank, which has the same throughput capacity as Tank 1, will cost about seventy thousand rubles.
- The Tver1P septic tank costs ninety thousand rubles. It must be said that the price for it is quite justified, because it provides such deep cleaning in a storage well that then the purified water can be discharged into the reservoir in which fish swim. Today, many people prefer to choose this type of sewer system.
- Septic tank Astra 5. On the market its cost is approximately eighty-five thousand rubles.
To make it clearer for you how to choose and determine the price, a table will be presented below for you. In the Table, some names of septic tanks are designated AST (aster), TOP (topas).
| Number of people living in the house | SEPTIC ASTRA | SEPTIC TANK PELICAN | SEPTIC TOPAS | PRICE INSTALLATION |
|||
| Two - three people | SEPTIC AST 3 | 69,000 thousand rubles. | From 18 to 19 thousand rubles. | ||||
| Five people. | SEPTIC AST 5 | 83 thousand rubles. | SEPTIC TANK PELICAN 5 | 83 thousand rubles | SEPTIC TOP 5 | 85 thousand rubles | 20 thousand rubles. |
| Eight people. | AST 8 | 105 thousand rubles | SEPTIC TANK PELICAN 8 | 101 thousand rubles | SEPTIC TOP 8 | 107 thousand rubles | 22 thousand rubles. |
| Ten people. | AST 10 | 127,000 thousand rubles. | SEPTIC TOP 10 | 134 thousand rubles | 26 thousand rubles. | ||
| Fifteen people. | AST 15 | 163 thousand rubles | SEPTIC TANK PELICAN 15 | 130 thousand rubles | SEPTIC TOP 15 | 170 thousand rubles | 30 thousand rubles. |
| Twenty people. | AST 20 | 211 thousand rubles. | SEPTIC TOP 20 | 223 thousand rubles | 35 thousand rubles. | ||
Modern country houses and cottages are not inferior to city apartments in terms of comfort. They are provided gas heating, supplied with electricity and water. But the absence centralized sewerage gives rise to the problem of wastewater disposal. This problem is effectively eliminated in a private home; the owner decides how to choose a suitable system. Typically, one of the existing drainage and sewage disposal systems is selected, most suitable for specific house.
An autonomous sewer system for a private house can be created in several tested and proven effective ways. But before choosing one of them, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the range of wastewater treatment plants. In addition, online reviews will help you find out which autonomous sewer system is better, because many owners have already purchased, installed and tested various types of cleaning installations. Practical use got the following types autonomous sewerage:
- Cesspools are the most primitive and do not meet modern sanitary and hygienic requirements. It is applied for small dachas with periodic residence.
- Local treatment plants (VOC). They are recommended to be installed in country houses intended for permanent residence.
- Storage tanks for wastewater. The method meets environmental requirements, but requires relatively frequent pumping. Mainly used for houses with low water consumption.
How to choose the right septic tank?
There are many options to choose from, but best option– reliable operation of the sewerage system and the ability to withstand the load, which depends on the operating mode. Many models of septic tanks operate continuously with the help of bacteria that process human waste products. For example, the popular and relatively inexpensive Ak 47 sewage system for private homes. To work effectively, bacteria require a regular supply of fresh “food”. If the house or cottage is not intended for permanent residence, then more simple options
septic tanks The price of an autonomous sewer system for a country house or cottage depends on the choice of septic tank type.
Installation of sewerage in a private house The sewage system in the house is complex, connecting the internal sewerage system, plumbing fixtures and septic tank into one whole using pipes laid underground. The most ideal moment for installing a sewer system begins with the laying of the foundation. Of course, you can do the installation of the system yourself, because for this you just need to be a technically competent person, but entrust the installation of the sewerage experienced specialists– the right decision that will help avoid gross mistakes in the design and installation process.
When installing the foundation, you should lay the sections steel pipes, corresponding diameter to the foundation for wiring. There are companies that carry out turnkey installation of wastewater treatment sewer systems.
For example, the company BIO-engineer UNILOS sells and installs turnkey treatment facilities. On the company’s website for installation supervision, the turnkey price for the autonomous sewage system Astra 5 is set at 1,350 euros. This sewer is designed for permanent residence Sleeps 5 people and is suitable for large country houses.
Check valve for sewerage
When designing and installing treatment systems, it is imperative to include a check valve. It performs an important function in preventing sewage from returning to the house when the septic tank becomes clogged or overflows. For internal sewerage made of 50 mm in diameter, a 50 mm sewage check valve is installed, which is triggered when wastewater moves in the opposite direction. Used for sewerage Various types check valves For example, for a 110 mm pipe, a valve of the appropriate diameter is installed.
Review of popular autonomous sewerage models
In the absence of centralized sewerage in country private houses, the neutralization and disposal of sewage is carried out by autonomous treatment systems. Suburban construction became very popular, and the market instantly responded; products made by well-known companies appeared on it. modern systems cleaning sewer drains from private houses. They have different performance and operating principles, and the price of an autonomous sewage system in a private house, which will provide comfort and coziness, depends on these parameters.
Septic tank AK 47
To operate, the autonomous sewage system Ak 47 uses Western SBR technology used throughout the world. A significant advantage of this technology is that the entire cleaning process is carried out in one container. Reviews found on the Internet about the autonomous sewage system Ak 47 confirm high efficiency and the relatively low price of the device. Duration full cycle 24 hours.
Basic specifications septic tank:
Purification of contaminated water occurs in one tank with a ceramic aerator. The water is purified up to 98%. The operation of the device is controlled by a built-in electronic chip, so all operation of the septic tank occurs automatically. The device depends on electrical network, and this can be considered its only drawback.
Septic tank Unilos Astra
The modern autonomous sewage system Unilos Astra has more than 10 manufactured models. They are different in volume and performance. The number in the model designation indicates the estimated number of residents in the house. The system installation instructions are included with the equipment and clearly define the sequence of operations when self-installation septic tank The popular autonomous sewage system Astra, unlike other systems, does not require the construction of a filter well or an aeration field, because all cleaning processes take place inside the tank. The BIO-engineer UNILOS company not only sells septic tanks, but also carries out installation supervision.
When ordering delivery and installation, the company provides a bonus discount of up to 15%.
For example, when ordering a turnkey system, an Astra 5 autonomous sewage system will cost 1,350 euros. Such sewerage treatment designed for 5 people living in the house permanently. Other models of this company, for example, the autonomous sewage system Astra 3 are designed for only three residents.
Autonomous septic tank "BioDeka"
The company Deka-Ural LLC produces autonomous sewage system Biodeka for installation in country houses and cottages. The operation of the device is based on the principle of aerobic biological treatment. The system's capacity is to process about 1000 liters of sewage per day. The device is made of durable polymer with stiffeners, so during installation there is no need to reinforce the walls with concreting, which significantly reduces installation costs.
The cost of installation on site is relatively low compared to other devices of a similar class, for example, “Topol”, “Astra”.
Biodeka septic tank does not require constant maintenance, its work is completely autonomous.
Septic tank BIONICS
The company Bio Terra LLC produces autonomous sewage system Bionix of five models, which are designed for the number of people living in a house from 3 to 8 people. Accordingly, the productivity of the BIONICS-1 (mini) septic tank is 1000 l/day, and BIONICS-1.5 (VGV standard) is 1500 l/day. You can install the BIONIX autonomous sewer system yourself, thanks to its unique properties:
Septic tank TOPAS
The popular autonomous sewer Topas 5 uses biological treatment using aerobic bacteria to clean sewage. The device uses forced bubble aeration and significantly reduces cleaning time.
Main properties of Topas septic tank models:
The septic tank model range allows you to choose the optimal device for a particular home. The name of the model contains numbers indicating how many permanent residents the septic tank is designed for. There are quite good reviews online about the Topas autonomous sewage system, noting its unpretentiousness, ease of maintenance and installation. The owner will be able to calculate the costs of creating an autonomous cleaning system only after all work has been completed and the unit has been launched. In specialized stores, the price of an autonomous Topas sewer depends on the model, and it does not take into account the cost of delivery and installation. Before purchasing the price of a septic tank you need to clarify.
Septic tank "Eurobion"
The Eurobion range of autonomous sewage systems allows you to choose a septic tank to serve from 2 to 150 people. It is a structure that is installed in the ground in a place convenient for the owner. The Eurobion local sewage treatment plant uses the principle of biological oxidation to operate. For this purpose, the company's engineers have developed a rhythmic aeration system that decomposes sewage using activated sludge.
Main technical characteristics: 
- flow speed sewer water– 170 l/hour;
- secondary settling tank capacity – 590 liters;
- salvo discharge -390 liters;
- cleaning quality – 98%;
- electricity consumption – 0.94 kW/hour;
- Maintenance frequency: 2 times a year.
Demand creates supply. The modern market offers a wide variety of models and types of autonomous septic tanks for country houses and cottages. In order not to get confused in such an abundance of proposals, it is necessary to make a project, calculate the possible volumes of sewerage, determine places on the site for laying sewerage and installing septic tanks. If difficulties arise when creating a project, it is recommended to contact professionals who will help complete the project and avoid gross errors during installation.
