home > Roof > Attach a porch to the house on a pile foundation. Do-it-yourself porch of a house: a step-by-step extension from a porch to a house. Prices for various types of construction boards

Attach a porch to the house on a pile foundation. Do-it-yourself porch of a house: a step-by-step extension from a porch to a house. Prices for various types of construction boards

Almost always, when purchasing a house, the new owner, for one reason or another, seeks to remodel the entrance to the house. Most often, the question of a complete reconstruction of the porch becomes acute if the house has a solid foundation, and the amount of free space under the porch canopy is clearly not enough, or there are doubts about the strength of the old staircase structure and entrance area porch.

Often good Vacation home always built with a large open summer terrace connected to the entrance and staircase under one large canopy. The closer the groundwater is to the surface, the harder and wider the strip foundation was made with more drainage outlets and thorough waterproofing. The support for the porch of a house in this design was often powerful cantilever beams extending at least a meter beyond the foundation.

If you set a goal and expand the existing one with your own hands or add a new, wider porch, the question will inevitably arise - how to form supports for the porch frame. You can solve the porch problem using old and new methods:

Concrete the new box-shaped porch foundation directly adjacent to the main support strip of the house;
Concrete wooden supports to the depth of freezing of the ground with additional horizontal ties of wood resting on a crushed stone cushion in the ground;
Use screw piles with sealing of the place where the support exits the ground into the concrete collar.

Important! Screw pile structures can easily withstand weight loads one-story house on the most difficult terrain. This does not require the use of waterproofing or drainage.

All three methods can actually be used, but each case has its own characteristics and disadvantages. In the first case, the pressure on the ground increases significantly in the immediate vicinity of the foundation of the house. As a result, the water level rises sharply, and the main foundation belt may subsidence, as a result, cracks will appear in the house. In the second case, wooden supports or piles under the porch can perfectly support a lightweight porch structure, especially if it is made of wood. For heavier buildings, a durable screw pile structure made of galvanized steel will be required. Typically, pile pipes are driven at a distance equal to one and a half lengths of the support itself.

How to assemble a porch on screw piles

Many years of experience in the use of screw pile tubular supports confirms the high degree of stability of the supports on soils replete with “water pockets” at the depth of soil freezing. The weight of the largest and most massive porch can easily be supported by a steel frame supported by screw piles. Each of these support pile points can withstand a load of at least three tons. The number of screw supports in this case is determined by the size of the porch and the weight of the entire structure of the building.

What are screw piles and how are they used?

Screw piles are long steel pipes with a specially shaped tip. Most often it is a conical tip with a short cutting edge in the form of a screw. When rotating, the auger surface cuts and squeezes out soil along the peripheral surface of the pile. For clayey and sandy soils At the same time, compaction and extrusion of the soil occurs at the point of contact with the metal. The depth of penetration of screw pipes depends on the nature of the soil, but rarely exceeds a meter. Proper use information on the video will help with screw pile construction

Most experts consider the use of screw supports for the porch justified for a number of reasons:

The assembly of the foundation on pipes is carried out in a record short time, without preliminary preparation and planning of the earthen surface;
The cost of assembling the foundation for a house or porch is significantly less than similar options using a concrete foundation;
It is quite possible to install screw pile structures with your own hands without a significant reduction in quality. To do this, you can use a special machine or manual device, made from an industrial gearbox;
Screw piles can be easily screwed in even in close proximity to the foundation of the house, which is not recommended for any other supports.

When the pile is screwed in, the auger nozzle compacts a part of the rock in front of it, and after completion of the work, this part of the soil serves as the main part of the surface on which the steel support rests.

If, during the drilling process, the screw pile encounters a rocky vein or, worse, a layer of sand or clay saturated with water, the installation process of the pile is stopped. In the first case, the pile can be cut to the required size of the head if more than half of the support body has been screwed in. In the second case, the pile is or is pumped concrete mixture, or extracted. Such a screw support cannot be used for the foundation of a house, but it is quite possible to use it as a support for the frame of the porch of a house.

After screwing in all the screw piles, the caps, with the help of which, in fact, the force was transmitted from the drilling machine or device to the pile rod, are cut to one level of the general steel frame. Sometimes, instead of supporting platforms, they install screw jacks. In this case, you can accurately set the level of the steel support frame along the horizon.

Stages of building a porch on screw piles

In this version, it will be possible to build a porch in three stages:

Marking the supporting surface, driving screw piles into the ground. For a standard 3x1.5m terraced porch, four to six screw support piles will be sufficient;
A steel support frame from a channel or brand is assembled on screw supports by welding. This procedure is more often called strapping. If the porch is made of lightweight material, the frame can be made with your own hands from larch or oak timber;
On a welded or knocked down frame, a box formed by a longitudinal beam is laid wooden beam, and half-joists - transverse beams made of timber. The box is attached to the frame using long galvanized bolts. The surface of the box is sewn up with a board with your own hands and thermal insulation is laid; if the porch, supported on screw piles, is intended to be made of a vestibule type, insulation may not be used for open terrace structures;
A staircase and railings are attached to the assembled box. In the corners of the porch platform, you can weld it to the screw supports with your own hands vertical racks from steel profile. The length of the profile is chosen taking into account the extension of the screw piles above the ground surface, so that their height above the porch platform is at least 120 mm;
Vertical posts made of metal profiles are tied together with a wooden beam with your own hands, as in the photo, and then the railings are mounted.

Advice! Before drilling, you should always perform two or three test points to check exactly what kind of soil is below the soil surface. Therefore, drilling a screw pile requires doing preliminary soil exploration with your own hands.

Most often, screw piles are purchased ready-made and screwed into the ground with your own hands, or a supporting surface made of piles is ordered from a contractor. Such offices, most often, use powerful drilling machines to work with screw piles, as in the photo, and therefore are capable of driving 10-20 piles in a relatively short time of 10-12 hours.

To install 5-6 screw piles under the base of the porch, it is easier to use manual gearbox and a device that is well described in the video

Often such a pile is wrapped with your own hands or in unusual way a group of three people. Two of them, using a long steel pipe with a shoulder of at least one and a half meters, wrap the screw pile, the third, with its weight, creates a vertical load, forcing the support to bury itself in the ground, as in the photo.

Important! Most screw piles are sold either painted or galvanized. If the area is located on a salt marsh, you can use only galvanized options with protective mastic coating the entire ground surface of the support.

When screwing screw piles into the ground, almost the entire surface of the pipe experiences strong abrasive friction, easily tearing off any paintwork, Galvanized pipes are more resistant to metal corrosion in the ground. Sometimes, to reduce the effort to overcome friction, a special solution is supplied into the drilling cavity with your own hands; it acts as a lubricant and a damper at the same time. After a certain period of time, the solution hardens, as if gluing the pile to the surface of the soil.

Disadvantages of using screw piles

In addition to the effect of loss of load-bearing capacity of a screw support as a result of sinking to depth, the support can rise as a result of freezing groundwater. In both cases, this leads to deformation of the steel frame and even destruction of the building.

Conclusion

The use of screw piles is justified on complex viscous soils in the presence of a dense sublayer of loam or limestone. A strip foundation for a porch in such conditions will require a significantly larger amount of expensive work; pile pipes driven in with your own hands will be much more profitable and convenient.

Formwork for concrete stairs
Porch for a private house
Installation attic stairs with video
Stairs for a summer house and a private house with photos

Construction of a porch is no less topical issue than the question of what kind of foundation will be underneath it. A well-built foundation is the key to the reliability and durability of the entire structure. One of the most popular is the porch on screw stilts.

Options for building a porch on screw piles

The construction of a platform above the foundation on screw piles can be carried out both at the stage of construction of a new house, and during the construction of individual elements or an extension to an already built structure. Thus, porch options can be of two types:

Built-in. This porch is a single component of the entire structure and is being erected simultaneously with the house.
Attached. The process of building such a porch on a pipe foundation takes place after the house has already been built.

For each option, a calculation is carried out, which includes determining:

cross-sectional area of supports;
required quantity racks under the porch, based on the load-bearing load;
distances between supports and their heights.

The foundation has its pros and cons, discussed below.

Advantages of a porch on screw piles

Positive sides screw foundation fundamentally distinguish it from other types of foundations. The advantages of this foundation are as follows:

Disadvantages of screw supports

In addition to significant positive characteristics, a platform on screw piles has some significant disadvantages. Factors that may interfere with the installation of screw supports:

Low level of corrosion resistance. Iron is not highly resistant to aggressive environments. Groundwater and chemical substances, located in the soil, have Negative influence to metal. Treatment of supports with anti-corrosion material has a certain protective effect. But when they are screwed into the ground, friction between the earth and the metal occurs, as a result of which any coating partially loses its tightness.
Installation of screw supports is not possible in rocky and stony terrain. In such areas, installation of pipes can lead to significant damage or failure.
A screwed-in rack cannot reveal any defects. As a result of using low-quality material for the manufacture of the stand or poor welding work, its destruction or deformation may occur.
The pile-screw platform does not have a basement or soil underneath it. This foundation requires high-quality equipment with waterproofing and thermal insulation materials.

Installation of a porch on screw piles

Pile diagram

In order to determine the required number of supports, their length, density and installation depth, it is necessary to perform some calculations:

Determine the physical parameters of the soil that will serve as support for the porch.
Calculate the total mass of the site, including the interior elements that will be there after installation is completed. The total porch load is rounded up.
Determine quantity support posts. To do this, the total mass of the site must be divided by bearing capacity one support.
In order for the design to be reliable, it is recommended to draw up a scheme for uniform installation of racks along the entire perimeter of the site. This is especially important if you plan to build a large porch.

Reasons for installing a porch on screw piles

The popularity of screw-in pipes is constantly growing. This is due to a number of reasons:

The construction site does not require additional leveling or other work, and the foundation is assembled in a short time.
Insignificant costs for performing the work.
The work can be done independently, without the involvement of specialists and expensive equipment.
Screw piles can be used on any site without harm to the main foundation of the house.

Often, screwing in pipes does not cause complications. If the stand encounters a rock layer or groundwater, then the screwing is stopped. Further work may lead to its destruction. When resting on a stone, if more than half of the post is screwed in, the excess part above the required level can be cut off. When entering groundwater, it is recommended to fill the internal cavity of the pipe with concrete.

Construction stages

The site construction process is not complicated. Its foundation is done in several stages:

Once the site is ready, you can begin to build it. The shape and content of the superstructure over the porch depend on the wishes of the owner and the load-bearing capacity of the supports.

Conclusion

It cannot be argued that the platform on screw racks is in any way inferior to other options. In some situations, screw piles are even more preferable to reinforced concrete or strip foundations.

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Porch on screw piles Link to main publication

The porch is the “calling card” of any residential building. There are many options for its arrangement. The main thing is that the design combines aesthetics and functionality, and therefore the foundation laid must be strong and reliable.

We’ll look at how to properly make a foundation for a porch in this article.

What to consider when designing a structure

The area of the foundation to be laid under the porch of a private house is directly proportional to the dimensions of the upper part of the extension. According to building codes, when determining minimum sizes are guided by the following rule: if the front door is single-leaf, the porch should be size of at least 1.5x1 m, if double-leaf - 2x2 m.

Since the main purpose of the porch is to provide free access from the street to the home, it must meet a number of key requirements:

Reliability - the structure must have such a load-bearing capacity that it can easily withstand significant loads.
Safety - the design must be such as to make it possible to easily carry large objects. A well-designed fencing system should ensure the safety of people entering.
Ease of use - the design should provide convenient access to the house and reliable protection entrance group from precipitation. In this case, the building elements should not interfere with the free opening front door.

If the porch is a closed structure, then it also serves as a buffer zone, preventing warm air from leaving the building and cold currents from entering the house.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

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Regardless of the design, the extension needs a foundation. If you neglect this stage and do not lay the foundation of the porch, then soon after the start of operation it will be possible to observe not only the subsidence of the stairs, but even the destruction of the front part of the house.

To protect the structure from deformation and subsidence, ideally it is necessary to tie the porch to the building, creating a common foundation for them with unified system waterproofing.

Main types of foundations for extensions

Having decided on the dimensions and materials for manufacturing the future extension, we begin to choose the type of foundation for the porch. When choosing, they are guided by three main parameters: the size of the structure, the type of soil of the building site and the climatic conditions of the area.

To lay the foundation for a porch to a house, three main types of foundations are used:

tape - involves pouring a continuous concrete tape with the distribution of the solution along the entire perimeter of the building being built;
columnar - involves the construction of support posts from pipes or bricks;
pile - involves the installation of metal rods with cutting blades.

Pouring a concrete strip and laying a columnar foundation is chosen in cases where the object stands on dense and reliable soils. In this case, the extension built above it has only a nominal load, at which it does not affect the base of the wall of the adjacent building.

If you have to build an extension on difficult, moisture-saturated soils, or the entrance group is supposed to be made in the form of an impressive structure with serious weight, preference is given to a foundation for a porch on screw piles.

Technology for constructing a strip base

The strip foundation type is one of the most common options for arranging a shallow foundation, which ensures optimal distribution of the created load. It is laid under capital construction projects. You can build such a foundation for a porch with your own hands, even if you only have basic construction skills.

The strip base can be made monolithic or prefabricated. In the first case, it is filled with cement mortar, in the second, it is assembled from blocks that are placed in trenches.

Do-it-yourself work on pouring a strip foundation under a porch is carried out in several stages:

According to the size and shape of the building, pegs are used to mark the area for its construction.
In accordance with the markings, a ditch 400-500 mm wide is dug for laying the reinforced strip.
The bottom of the trench is lined with a sand-crushed stone “cushion” 250-300 mm high.
The structure is reinforced by forming cells measuring 200x300 mm from reinforcing bars with a diameter of 12 mm.
When constructing the base part of the support, the construction of formwork will be required. It is assembled from unplaned 25 mm boards, nailed together with shields and reinforced with block spacers.
Concrete is poured into the trench in portions, gradually compacting it. The poured solution is left until it hardens completely so that the concrete acquires the necessary strength.
After the solution has hardened, the formwork is dismantled and the construction of the frame of the ground structure begins.

The depth of laying the concrete strip is determined based on the maximum load on the building and the type of soil. For small wooden extensions that have only steps and an improvised canopy, deepening the base within 0.4-0.6 m is sufficient. If a base is created for a terrace made of stone or brick, the base is deepened to 1.5 m.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

Ask a question to an expert

To extend the service life of the porch along with the foundation, it is recommended to insulate the base with bitumen mastic or roofing felt.

How to build a columnar foundation

For lightweight structures, which include the porch of a private house, laying a concrete strip in most cases is akin to an unnecessary luxury. Under light buildings, such as wooden houses, built on non-heaving and weakly heaving soils, installation of a columnar support is considered reasonable.

The basis supporting structure consist of pillars buried in the ground to a level below soil freezing. Materials for making pillars can be:

metal pipes;
asbestos-cement pipes;
wooden beams.

When using wooden beams as pillars, in order to prevent the natural process of decay of the wood and thereby increase the service life of the building, the pillars are impregnated with waste engine oil or liquid resin.

There is nothing difficult about building a columnar foundation with your own hands. You just need to perform a number of basic activities:

In the proposed corners of the porch, holes 150-200 mm deep are drilled in the ground using a drill. The lower part of the pillars will be buried in them.
To increase the strength of the structure, the holes are reinforced with rods and unnecessary pieces of pipe, and then filled with sand concrete mixture.
The lower part of the support pillars is buried in the prepared holes. They are poured on top with the same sand concrete and left until the solution completely hardens.
To create a water barrier along with the foundation to the house, the supports are insulated with pieces of roofing felt, roofing felt or covered with glass insulation.
The installed and fixed pillars are “connected” by erecting a grillage. The frame is assembled from metal profiles or wooden beams.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

Ask a question to an expert

When calculating the required number of support pillars, take as a basis optimal distance between racks – 1.5-2 meters.

Features of mounting a screw base

If a building has to be erected on complex types of soil, characterized by high moisture saturation and a high level of groundwater, a screw pile foundation is a win-win option. A porch on such a foundation will not be difficult to attach to any type of building. It will be convenient to build it at any height and slope of the site.

To erect a porch on piles, metal rods D 8-120 mm are used, the tips of which are equipped with cutting blades. When calculating the number of necessary elements, they are guided by the weight of the future extension. To do this, the total load is divided by the bearing capacity of one support column. To ensure a sufficient safety margin, another 10-15% is added to the obtained values.

Key points to consider when installing piles:

The first pile is buried in the corner of the future entrance group. Then, taking into account the current markings, all other supporting elements are screwed in.
Installed pillars are cut to one level. To do this, select an approximate support, along which the remaining elements are cut.
To enhance the strength of the supporting structure, buried screw piles are connected to each other using timber and channel strapping.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

Ask a question to an expert

You can bury the rods in the ground manually or using tools small mechanization. They are installed by screwing in the ground. The main thing is to maintain the verticality of the rods, focusing on the building level during installation.

When designing any type of foundation for a porch, in order to minimize the risk of the structure being washed out, it is important to provide a drainage system. The simplest option for its arrangement is to lay polyethylene drainage pipes. They are famous for their increased strength, are resistant to aggressive environments and do an excellent job of moisture removal.

Video about choosing the right foundation for a porch

The process of constructing a wooden porch

If you have built a wooden house on your site, then the absolutely logical solution would be to build a porch wooden house with your own hands. Despite the apparent complexity, this task is by no means so impossible, and almost every master with head and hands can do it.

Theory and preparation are the beginning of any serious business

In addition to the aesthetic load, what is primarily remarkable about a good porch is that this façade element has specific functional purposes:

Protection of the entrance to the house from precipitation in the form of rain, snow and hail;
Creating a canopy that creates comfortable shade and protects the canopy from heat and heat in warm time of the year;
It is possible to create a recreation area if a large porch is arranged in the form of a veranda.
Well, the most important thing is flight of stairs, along which we will climb to our cozy home.

The porch and veranda of a wooden house are a great place for an evening relaxation

Therefore, before picking up a hammer and chisel, you need to think carefully about the above and take into account all the nuances, making the necessary amendments to the construction plan.

Proportions and sizes

We think that it is no secret to anyone that from time immemorial man has built residential buildings, taking as a basis the dimensions of the human body and his psychological perception of the surrounding space. The porch is no exception, as it must meet certain requirements of human physiology.

All the dimensions given below are generally accepted and are used everywhere in construction. If necessary, you are free to change the basic proportions according to your preferences and requirements, but do not forget about the reliability of the design.

Sectional design of a porch in a wooden house

Now let's take a closer look:

To create a free approach to the door, you need to provide an open space that will allow you to open the door without interfering with the person standing in front of it;
If we focus on building codes, then the width of the porch in front of a single-leaf door should not be less than 1 m 60 cm - this value is the minimum;
For a double-leaf version of the door leaf, the norm regulates a distance of 2 meters;
The distance from the doorway to the first step starts at 1 meter: this value should be adjusted by looking at the width of the doorway - the wider, the greater the distance;
To protect the steps and the platform from the effects of direct sun rays and precipitation, the length of the canopy at the porch should extend beyond the boundaries of these elements. Usually a protrusion of 30 centimeters is left.

How to build wooden porch to the house with your own hands: formulas for safe movement on the stairs

Now, as for human physiology. There are also certain laws expressed in specific formulas and meanings:

The average step length for an adult is about 63 cm. Based on this, the optimal values for the height and depth of steps were derived. They are 16 -19 cm and 25 - 33 cm, respectively;
If nature has endowed you with non-standard dimensions, then when designing a porch you can use the formula presented in the picture above. Its essence is that the width of your step should proportionally fit two heights and one depth of steps. In this case, the height should be one and a half to two times less than the depth.
The protrusion of the step cover from the riser should not be more than five centimeters, otherwise when walking you will constantly trip over them, risking injury, especially in winter period when the surface of the stairs is covered with a layer of ice or frost.

Advice! Certainly, The best way protect yourself from winter - arrange closed porch to a wooden house, but this is not always feasible. Therefore, take care of your device in advance anti-slip coating, and remove ice from the steps in a timely manner.

The design of the porch of a wooden house must be safe

To ensure safe movement on stairs in winter time year and not only, it is required to equip the passage with handrails. The instructions stipulate that any staircase with three or more steps must have this element.

The standard height of handrails varies from 80 to 90 centimeters.

The following requirement is mandatory in design, but is not always feasible in practice when building a porch with your own hands - a person moves in space in such a way that when climbing a flight of stairs, he starts and ends it with one foot. That's why correct staircase should consist of an odd number of steps (in apartment buildings with a floor height of 2.5 meters, the number of steps in a flight is 9).

Design wooden stairs of 7 steps

What else should you consider before you start building the porch of a wooden house?

The level of the platform in front of the door should be located below the border of the door leaf by 5 or even 10 centimeters. Otherwise, you risk that, as a result of seasonal soil fluctuations, the raised porch will block the door and prevent it from opening freely.

Foundation and place for it

Like any other construction, the construction of a porch begins with a foundation. You must check all dimensions and heights at the design stage - ideally, you should have a full-fledged drawing. If you do not have enough skills in carrying out such work, we recommend that you hire a third-party specialist who will cope with such a simple task in a very short time.

Advice! It's better to be an inexperienced builder with the right blueprint than a jack-of-all-trades who has little idea of the final result.

Porch of a wooden house in the village: example drawing

The designer will indicate in the drawings a complete layout of the porch along with the foundation. He will determine the type of soil and give the necessary recommendations so that the structure is reliable and lasts as long as possible.

Among other data, the depth of soil freezing will be indicated (this is extremely important information when laying a foundation), below which you will need to dig trenches for the foundation or drill wells. If you have refused the services of a professional, then you will have to look for this data on the “net”, where the limit values for each of the regions of our vast homeland are posted.

The foundation for a wooden porch can be of three types:

Wooden piles– the most common, inexpensive and simple solution for such purposes. This is exactly what we will describe in this article.

Porch extension to a wooden house on wooden stilts

Metal piles– form a strong and even frame with horizontal jumpers, sheathed on the outside with wood. The price of such a solution will be higher, and besides, you will need to hire a craftsman who will reliably strengthen and weld the frame into a single structure. The disadvantages include the fact that the metal has a considerable weight, and for work you will need at least three people, sometimes with the help of lifting equipment.

It is better to use such a solution if you want to make a terrace from synthetic composite materials, which are very demanding on the evenness of the base, and are laid on special profiles, or, conversely, the size of the porch is small in size, and it consists only of steps that will contrast with the main one facade of the building.

Porch on metal stilts

Concrete or block- These are permanent foundations for a porch, which require compliance with certain standards when adding to a wooden house. Types concrete foundations there are a great variety, but the main requirement for their construction is that between it and the house, or rather its foundation, it is imperative to provide an expansion joint.

Scheme of connecting the porch to the house with the organization of an expansion joint

What is it for? During seasonal ground movements, due to the difference in the loads experienced by the structures, the foundations at their joints may crack.

Expansion joints are filled with elastic materials to prevent moisture from entering. Rubber gaskets or mineral wool are excellent for these purposes, which are subsequently covered with a special cover.

Concrete foundation, brick base and wooden porch of the house

Let’s finish our preparations here and begin to look at the construction process.

We do it ourselves

As already mentioned, we build a porch for a wooden house only from wood, so that it fits most harmoniously into the overall picture of the facade. Next, let's talk about everything in order.

Porch base

Well, now let's take a closer look at the construction of a foundation made of wooden beams. And we'll start by marking out the area using a string and a tape measure.

Marking the construction area using string

This is done approximately as shown in the photo above.

The wall and doorway are the main landmarks from which you need to measure all the necessary distances, not forgetting to maintain right angles at the intersections of the lines.
To do this, check the lengths of the segments to the nearest millimeter. Draw both diagonals in the resulting rectangle, which should be equal to each other.
If right angles are alien to you, and you have chosen a porch unusual shape, for example, pentagrams, then focus on the geometric features of the figure you plan to build.
Next, we determine the location of the piles - usually these are the corners of the terrace, including those adjacent to the house, and the corners of the first step. If the porch and flight of stairs have significant dimensions, then increase the number of piles at the rate of 2 piles per 1 - 1.2 meters of free span. This value can vary greatly depending on the thickness of the beams of the lower trim of the veranda, and reach 2.4 m with a cross-section of 100 * 150 mm.
Now it is necessary to drill wells at these points with a depth exceeding the depth of soil freezing by 15 - 30 centimeters.
To better remove moisture from wooden piles, it is necessary to make a drainage pad from river sand middle fraction and gravel, which are poured into the holes one by one, in small layers.

Construction of a porch for a wooden house: foundation on stilts

Next, piles are installed in the holes, the recessed ends of which are pre-treated waterproofing material(bitumen), or burned at the stake for the same purposes. This treatment will protect the wood from premature rotting and damage.
If the size of the terrace has impressive dimensions, or the piles go up, forming the basis for the porch canopy, then before installing them, asbestos-cement pipes are placed in the holes, into which concrete is poured to three-quarters of the depth of the well. But first they are aligned vertically, compacted around with crushed stone and soil, and a reinforcing belt is made inside.
This design will secure the pile more reliably and protect the wood.

Extension of a porch to a wooden house: diagram of piles in asbestos-cement pipes

Next, piles are installed (in holes or asbestos-cement pipes, after the concrete has hardened), which must be aligned strictly in a plane and vertical, and firmly fixed for a while. Use rough sheathing, guy lines and wedges for this, setting up the structure like a tent.
After fixing, we fill the space around with concrete mixed with screenings and small crushed stone - such concrete will be much stronger. Don't forget that we have to make a rather impressive layer.
Piles adjacent to the house are attached to the wall using long screws, anchors or nails.

All further work are carried out only after the concrete has completely hardened.

Installation of stringers

Steps on a flight of stairs can be attached different ways, but most often craftsmen use designs on bowstrings. The bowstring is an inclined guide support that ensures reliable fixation of the steps.

Bowstring among other elements of the staircase

You can attach the step to the bowstring by inserting it into a groove, or using self-tapping screws, nails, pins, dowels or special steel fasteners for fixation. But most often they use bowstrings that have cutouts for steps that are laid on top. Such bowstrings are called stringers.

Making stringers

Making a stringer yourself is not such a difficult task. You just need to accurately mark the boards and make straight cuts along all the marks, for which a pre-prepared staircase drawing will be very useful to you.

Tools you will need:

A circular saw;
Square and pencil;
Meter;
Wood saw.

The number of stringers to be prepared is, first of all, determined by the shape of the staircase and its width. Sometimes you can find options on one stringer, but such work is the privilege of qualified specialists. We will need at least two supports, the number of which will increase depending on the width of the passage.

How to attach a porch to a wooden house: a staircase on four stringers

Stringers can be divided into two main types, differing not only in shape, but also in the complexity of manufacturing:

Stepped ones - we showed them in the photo above. They have triangular cutouts placed at equal distances from each other along the entire length of the part. This design has one drawback - the beam, after cutting slits in its body, becomes thinner and greatly loses strength.
Stringers with “fillies” - have smaller slots and are equipped with additional elements, actually “fillies”, and dowels for fixing them. This design can only be done by an experienced carpenter, so we will not recommend it to beginners.

How to build a porch for a wooden house: the video shows how to make stringers

Stringers are the most labor-intensive and complex parts of the porch being built. When marking and cutting boards, be especially thorough, checking often and comparing the result with the parts already cut.

Advice! To make several stringers of the same shape, use a stencil that you first cut out of plywood, thick cardboard or a piece of MDF.

If the width of the tread in the stringer may be less than the actual step (laying with release), then the height of the riser must exactly correspond to the height of the cladding part of the same name.
Do not forget to take into account that the upper step of the stringer should become a continuation of the main platform of the porch. Please take this into account when marking this element.
To ensure that the supports are strong and do not bend under the weight of people walking on the porch, boards with an end section of at least 60*300 mm should be used as the material. This way you guarantee yourself the quality of the future product.
For these purposes, use boards that do not have cracks or falling knots. Beware of overdried wood, which has greatly lost its strength.
Since our structure is external, contact of the stairs with moisture and ultraviolet radiation is ensured. Of course, you can buy boards cheaper, from soft wood (pine, spruce, etc.), and treat them with special impregnations, but it would be better to immediately take hard wood, which is not only more resistant to the above-mentioned troubles, but also has a good density, making them resistant to mechanical loads.

The leaders among such species are oak, Siberian larch, beech or maple. The price of lumber will be higher, but such a porch will last much longer.

Assembling the stairs

Before you begin assembling all the elements into a single structure, you need to treat the wood with antibacterial impregnations and fire retardants - substances that protect the wood from fire.

Steps to the porch of a wooden house: treatment with drying oil

After the impregnations have completely dried, you can begin installation:

We install the beams of the lower frame on the strengthened piles - they are attached from the outside with nails or long self-tapping screws.
Waterproofing can be laid around the pile at the attachment point.
We cut grooves in the horizontal beam for placing the upper edge of bowstrings or stringers in them.
The lower part of the stringer is laid on a supporting horizontal plate in the form of a beam. At the same time, the cut can be done both in the beam and in the stringer. In the first case, it is better to tie the elements with steel corners, and in the second, with studs.

Attaching the stringer to the support block

Next, we install logs, forming the basis of the future site. They are placed flush with the bottom trim and secured using special stainless steel brackets.

Fastening element for wooden joists

The thickness of the logs should not be less than 5 centimeters, as it must withstand the weight of people walking on it without deflection.
Lay them perpendicular to the direction of laying the decking boards that will subsequently cover the floor. The laying distance is 50 cm.
Next, the deck board is laid, which is laid with a adjusted gap for water drainage.
Laying the steps starts from the bottom - first the riser is installed, then the tread.
Fastening is done with galvanized self-tapping screws with a wide head, which needs to be recessed a little. To do this, first drill narrow hole under the screw, and slightly widen its edge with a wider drill, creating a countersunk hole.
In the future, you will need to hide the holes using wood putty.
To avoid this, you can purchase special staples and use wood glue.

Assembling the stairs

It is value that serves as the basis and foundation of every culture.

It's no secret that building a porch at the dacha is not the most simple task, given that it must fit into the overall appearance of the building, and also be truly functional.

In most cases, an originally designed porch can become an unusual calling card for a home.

There are a huge number of different options for the final stage in building a house. Everything primarily depends on how you see a truly beautiful porch and what budget you have.

It is worth noting that if you are interested in how to make a porch with your own hands, then it is quite simple and all you need to do is read this article and perhaps take some advice from builders.

What is a porch?

In fact, a structural porch built in a private house is the simplest platform open type with a staircase that is built right in front of the entrance to the building. The porch can be of a wide variety of shapes, with or without an additional canopy.

If we talk about the structure itself, which can be chosen for the porch and which determines the design for the most part, then they can be divided into three main types: simple, attached or built-in.

The latter type of porch is almost always designed during the construction stage of a house.

The most popular simple type of porch is a platform that has additional steps and a canopy over them.

During the construction of this type of porch, the most difficult thing is pouring the necessary foundation, which will be needed in any case, even if it is a light structure and you planned to make a wooden porch yourself.

The attached type porch looks very similar to beautiful porch built-in type, but at the same time it is very often rebuilt and modified in various ways.

The basis is the foundation

An important point that you should definitely pay attention to when laying the foundation is that its depth during construction work must necessarily coincide with the depth of the foundation itself for the entire building. Otherwise, after the soil settles, it is quite possible that the entire porch structure will deform.

If, after the soil settles, the structure shifts towards the house, then destruction will begin from the foundation of the porch. Cosmetic repairs in this case, it will not be possible to get by and you will have to build the porch from the very beginning.

When building a foundation, it is imperative to pay special attention to the waterproofing of the foundation being built.

Varieties of porches for a future home

First of all, before starting the construction of the porch, you must decide which material you like best. Most often it is either concrete, or expensive metal, or stone, classic brick, or affordable wood.

Having decided to make a porch to a house out of wood, many simply hope that it is the easiest and most affordable option, in fact, without even suspecting a large number of nuances.

It is the photo of a porch made of wood that can easily be found in various magazines more than others. This is due to the fact that wood is considered by many to be a traditional material.

All that is needed to build such a porch is minimal construction skills, a circular saw, and a construction square.

Note!

If possible, it is best to use either larch or some coniferous species as the material. They are distinguished by good strength indicators and are also quite easy to process independently.

After specially performed impregnation, the material will definitely not be inferior to, for example, material from any other hard rock.

You should definitely take care of a canopy over the porch. This will not only protect the steps of the staircase and its landing from various precipitation, but will also allow you to decorate the wooden porch in an interesting way in a short time without major financial investments.

Photos of a wide variety of canopies can also be found on the Internet and in magazines devoted to the construction of various country houses.

DIY porch photo

Note!

Probably everyone knows that the porch in any house must have functionality and also fit harmoniously into the exterior of the building itself, because it is considered the calling card. There are many different options for how best to implement the construction of a porch for a private home. All this directly depends on your taste, the chosen material and the overall budget. With all this, we can easily say that building a strong and durable porch with your own hands is quite possible.

The porch itself consists of a completely open area, often along with a staircase located in front of the entrance to the house. It can be of absolutely any shape, optionally with a canopy or even without, and also made of different materials.

In principle, the entire structure of the porch to the house can be divided into three types:

1. Attached;

2. Built-in;

3. Simple.

How are they different?

Simple - this is an ordinary platform along with steps and, of course, a canopy. When assembling this type of porch with your own hands, the most difficult thing is pouring the foundation, since it is necessary even for a simple wooden porch structure.

A do-it-yourself built-in porch is initially designed together with the house, so it is built extensively.

The attached type does not have any external differences with the built-in version, the only thing is that it is slightly modified and slightly rebuilt. The advantage is that such a porch can be easily added with your own hands through minor alterations.

Remember! For any porch, a foundation is required; it is this that prevents the slightest deformation of the steps during seasonal temperature changes.

Building a foundation for all types of porches

The most important thing is that the main foundation of the porch to the house should be similar to the foundation of the house. If this is not the case, then during ground settlement and winter frosts, your structure will simply become deformed. It is also possible that during soil settlement, your structure will move towards the house and then the porch foundation will be the first to suffer, since it is less massive. To correct this situation, minor repairs will not be enough and you will have to rebuild everything from scratch.

Since the screened porch is not intended for habitation, and there is no huge furniture there, it is possible to use an ordinary concrete pad, which will serve as the foundation itself.

However, when choosing concrete, any brick (white, red) or facing stone, the foundation must be reinforced. The fact is that this design puts a much greater load on the foundation itself than a wooden porch to the house.

Setting up the foundation for the porch with your own hands must begin directly with the markings. First, define a rectangular area the right size, the main thing is not to forget that the porch itself must fit here. Then you should drive piles into each corner of the rectangle and then start digging a pit along the contour. Its depth should be no less than the main foundation.

Advice! There is no need to lay the foundation very deep. Of course, the load during the displacement of the foundation will become a little less, but it is simply impossible to avoid them completely, with the slightest settlement of the soil or sudden changes in temperature.

If you decide to install a canopy over the porch, then you will need to install supports, the rectangle for the foundation pit should be increased on all sides by another 20-30 cm, and the piles can be driven in after the construction of the porch is completed.

To accomplish this, you will need to leave small rectangles of unexcavated area (about 20x20, perhaps 30x30 cm) at the points where the support will be installed a little later. Then you need to drill wells in each area, install the support well, drive it in as much as possible and be sure to carefully fill it with concrete.

In this case, formwork is very suitable, although if the soil is rocky, then in principle it is possible without it. To make it, you can use absolutely everything - chipboard, wood-laminated board and regular boards, which turned out to be superfluous after construction. The main thing to remember is that plywood (laminated wood board) and chipboard are quite hygroscopic, so during rains and rising groundwater, they will begin to quickly creep, which is why, after the concrete has hardened, it is recommended to remove the formwork.

Do not throw away the remaining cuttings of boards that are coniferous species, because the lumber of this tree has only positive features: after being completely saturated with water, they become much stronger and retain their elasticity.

Advice! If severe deformation occurs in the soil, for example, if your house is located on a slope or on a mountain, then coniferous formwork acts as a damper.

The most important and main element when building a porch foundation with your own hands is waterproofing. In order to equip it, you need to lay roofing felt on the bottom of the pit, and then on the entire surface inside the formwork. Reinforcement is done using bricks High Quality, on which it is necessary to place a grid and secure the grid with pre-prepared pieces of reinforcement.

Similar to this principle, the pit is filled with several layers, which include bricks along with a mesh, and then the structure is completely filled with concrete. To avoid the formation of voids, after each poured layer you should compact it thoroughly with a shovel.

Advice! To compact concrete well, it is better to purchase an electric vibrating compactor; if you do not have one, then rent it.

Due to the fact that the concrete dries for about a week, you will need to immediately level the surface of the foundation and be sure to cover it with roofing material with an overlap of about 50-60 cm on each edge, you can also use ordinary construction film. They will help protect the surface layer from any rain, since a large amount of water can make it quite fragile in the future, and then your foundation will simply be damaged.

If the need arises, you can cut off the top in finished timber, then the piles will be at the same level. But try to calculate the height of the supports taking into account the front door, so the height difference should be about 5 cm. The joists are attached using self-tapping screws or dowels - it depends on the material of your wall.

DIY porch to the house. Projects. Photo

Traditional materials are often used for construction:

- tree;

- white, red brick;

— facing stone;

- metal;

- high-quality concrete.

DIY wooden porch

How to make a porch out of wood with your own hands? Today it is the most common material for construction. This is due to the fact that the tree is quite simple to manufacture and therefore building a porch from it with your own hands is quite easy and quick. To do this, you just need to have a circular saw (you can use the most ordinary one, but it must have the smallest teeth - this will greatly help in cutting accuracy), a special construction square and skillful hands.

Larch has long been considered the ideal material, followed by spruce and other conifers. Each of them is very durable and quite easy to process. The most interesting thing is that after impregnation, the material that is made from them is practically in no way inferior to oak or some other species that are several times harder.

Important to remember! To work with solid elements you will need good skill, necessary tools and most importantly - specific knowledge in this area. For example, the quality of drying oak material can only be determined by an experienced carpenter.

First of all, you will need to make a side angle (kosour). Since it is very impractical to make a porch for a wooden house with your own hands less than 120 cm wide, you will need at least three beams. It is best if the distance between them is about half a meter, this will make it much easier for you.

This approach will help ensure your porch has the strength, and most importantly, the durability of the structure you made yourself, regardless of how often the stairs will be used and with what weight load.

You need to know this! A stringer is a load-bearing beam in which teeth have been cut, and this is what plays important role inside the support. It is advisable to lay the steps only on the horizontal ribs of these same teeth.

The bowstring (also called an inclined beam) must necessarily be several times thicker than the stringer itself. They are connected using cross beams. At the end it is fixed between them required quantity kosourov.

You will definitely need a square to cut out the ribs and make even steps. The void between the teeth, even if it is 5-6 mm, will quickly cause the steps to sag slightly on one side and swell on the other. Sudden changes in temperature will significantly increase the difference in the levels of the steps.

It is customary to make the width of the steps according to the size of an adult’s foot, but it is better to take it with a margin, it is approximately 40 cm. The height between each step (riser) should not be more than 20 cm.

It should be remembered that the number of steps must be odd and for this one additional edge should be provided. If there are four steps or more, you will need to make a railing for the porch to the house.

With a glazed porch and the stairs securely covered from moisture, you can do without overhanging steps. However, if the staircase is located outside, then an overhang is simply necessary, since thanks to it, water will drip onto the lower step, and not between them into the riser.

Advice! Already finished staircase should be installed according to a special principle so that the plane of the steps is slightly inclined (about 1-2 cm). This will help the water flow down instead of pooling and forming ice.

The structure is installed directly on a pre-prepared site, which is the foundation. In order for your porch to the house to be as strong as possible, you should install the ladder exactly in the place in the foundation where the lower beam along with the stringers was previously laid. You can also use it to push a small depression if the concrete has not completely hardened. This way you will get a fairly strong stop.

For the flooring in the upper landing, you can take the material that was used for the stairs. In this case, there is only one requirement: it is recommended to use the widest and longest boards that are available, and make the joints as precise as possible. When the boards are ground to each other as much as possible, you can not be afraid of deformation, even if the whole tree begins to dry out over time.

It will take approximately 3 to 7 days of work to build a wooden porch with your own hands. It all depends on the size of your site, on the stairs and, of course, on your skills in working directly with wood, but even a beginner can cope with all this. The most important thing is to divide the work into stages and do everything one by one, following the recommendations and instructions.

Metal porch

How to make a porch from metal? A porch that is made of metal has a very big advantage - it can be installed in about a few hours if you know how to use electric welding in your work. Besides, metal structure will cost several times cheaper if you don’t buy forged elements. However, there are also disadvantages - you will have to assemble a standard porch with your own hands, and therefore it will not look very beautiful and original, unlike others. If you want to make a beautiful porch with your own hands, you can buy Forged Products, but they will need to wait up to 4 weeks (it all depends on the volume of your order).

Don’t be upset if your budget is limited, because even a primitive metal staircase can be made very impressive and beautiful, the main thing for this is desire and imagination. For the lightest option, channels, corners and necessarily filling material are used. They can be: porcelain stoneware, wood or chipboard.

For a regular metal porch, you will definitely need two channels of the same length. They are attached parallel to each other at a distance that is equal to the size of the steps. After this, mark the corners and cut them to the same length as the steps, but at the same time adding a few centimeters along the edges to apply a welding seam.

In the same way, small pieces are cut off from the corners and these two pieces are welded in the letter “G” (the frame edge must be in the cut). The number of such parts should be equal to the number of steps on your porch. Next, they are welded closely to the channel, and as a result you get a high-quality metal oblique. Similarly to this principle, another oblique angle is made using a second channel.

After all these steps, the resulting elements need to be connected in pairs on the side where the corners are cut to fit the width of the future staircase. This creates an outline of the steps, and the corner located under the riser should turn upside down (thus creating a side).

Your staircase is almost ready. Now it all depends on your taste. A wooden step attached in any way to the resulting frame will look most beautiful. Even if you don’t have a lot of experience in welding, assembling such a porch with your own hands will generally take 2-3 hours.

Concrete porch

How to make a porch from concrete? This option is considered a continuation of the laid foundation, but only with reinforcement of all steps. This is done so that after a couple of months chips do not form due to constant heavy loads. Due to the fact that it is customary to cover a concrete porch with special facing tiles, the gradually deteriorating concrete immediately forms chips and then cracks in the lining itself.

On a pre-prepared foundation, you can assemble the formwork, which will serve as the bottom step. It should be taken into account that the height of the step, due to the weight load, must necessarily be 2 cm greater than that of the others. Next, a similar procedure is carried out as when building a reinforced foundation for a porch. The only difference is that in this case there is no need to spare the reinforcement.

Advice! It is recommended to close the resulting gap between the two foundations with mineral wool. This method will create a good expansion joint.

The formwork for the steps can be prepared in advance - this will help save work time. However, it is much safer and easier to fill each step with concrete in turn, and even better if, before pouring a new step, the solution of the previous one will have time to set.

In the end, it is necessary to level the already completely frozen structure, and then cover it with any tile intended for a metal porch or with stone.

The time spent on work directly depends on the use of complete formwork, as well as on the formation of each step in turn or all at once. On average, you will need a week to work if you do everything at once, or a week for each step for the concrete to completely harden.

Porch made of brick or stone

How to make a porch from brick or stone? This is probably the most difficult version of the porch. This is because it is much easier to work with a brick foundation, where you do not need precision, than to lay out the stone as evenly as possible.

Brick should be laid only if there are several assistants who will thoroughly mix the concrete all this time. With stone, everything is much more complicated, because the chipped edges cannot be matched perfectly to each other. In general, if you do not have at least some experience in this activity and at least two people to help, then this type of porch should be abandoned immediately, otherwise you will simply waste your time and all the material.

It will be much easier to do concrete stairs, and then select material for steps that will be of a similar size. After this, they should be placed in one layer on a “frame” of concrete, which has been leveled in advance. This method has a huge advantage, since if you make a mistake, you can easily break off the lining of the desired area and re-finish it.

Construction of the canopy

A canopy is, first of all, protection of the platform and steps from various natural precipitation, as well as the opportunity to independently decorate the porch with your own hands in a house or country house, beautifully and in a short time. It is often made from durable metal pipes, for the frame itself they use coniferous trees or, in extreme cases, metal, but for the cladding they take any wood or plexiglass.

Canopies made from wood will need to be tinted at least 2 times annually or treated instead by special means, otherwise it will begin to gradually dry out and then split longitudinally. When using plexiglass, it is better to make the spans between them approximately 0.7 m2. It is strictly not recommended to use glass, as it can easily crack in winter during snow or due to deformation of the frames.

The total area of the canopy must be half a meter larger than the porch itself, otherwise it will not be able to perform its main function - protection.

The simplest and most quick option- is to do something similar to metal stairs. Then the distance between each step can be made approximately 0.5 m. In this case, you will no longer need L-shaped elements and a channel, because the load on the canopy itself will be several times less and only the corners in the outer frame will be enough. But filling with wood or porcelain stoneware can easily be replaced with any other material.

When pouring the foundation, during the formation of the base, piles must be installed, and it is on them that the canopy should be placed. In addition, this will help in the future to completely glaze the veranda in just a couple of days, if desired.

For the coating, it is better to take a metal sheet along with tiles, but it will be much more effective and beautiful if you use plexiglass and polycarbonate.

Advice! To avoid rust on a worn metal sheet, you can easily paint it with several layers of paint.

Be sure to make the canopy pitched, and in the place where the lower rib will be, carefully weld a metal gutter with a slight slope. Attach an ordinary chain at the very end that will reach the ground and thus water will not splash during rain. Due to the fact that water has excellent viscosity and easy fluidity, it will begin to flow slowly along this chain. If you want to somehow get rid of the appearance of puddles near the porch, make drainage.

How to glaze a porch yourself

The most common option is a closed porch. In this case, concrete and stone foundation together with a canopy and a ladder, and must be attached to piles.

Using the corners, which must coincide with the height of the piles in the canopy, a frame is formed. They are well welded to the piles, and then double frames made of wood and glass are inserted.

Advice! The glass sheet can be of absolutely any height, but the width should not be more than 120 cm, because the windage of this glass is high and even a light wind can seriously damage it.

If the void between the piles is more than one meter, then break them up with pseudo-piles. To do this, at the top and bottom of the piles a corner is welded inward, and then between them a double corner is welded, which will form a pseudo-pile. Similarly, you need to divide the height, which forms a horizontal beam from several double corners. Thanks to this, the load on the glass will be significantly reduced, and the structure itself will look light and beautiful.

The most common mistakes made during porch construction

1. Building a porch with your own hands using low-quality concrete (below grade 200). This concrete itself is quite loose, which is why it will be difficult to finish it, since other mixtures have much higher strength after complete drying. In this case, temperature changes can seriously damage the lining. The very foundation, which will subsequently remain open, will begin to collapse in summer period, and the brick steps will collapse even faster.

2. Lack of good waterproofing. If waterproofing of the porch to the house is not done in a timely manner, this will lead to a huge accumulation of moisture below, as a result of which during frosts the structure will gradually begin to collapse. The steps will suffer the most, since they are the ones that get wet first.

3. Leveling the steps and plastering was done only a few days after concreting was completed. If there is a long break in time, then all the layers will stop holding together without additional lubrication in the structure itself, or at best they will, but very weakly. Do not forget that the place where the plaster adheres to the screeds is considered the most vulnerable.

4. The foundation was built without reinforcement at the base. If you do not have reinforcement, then the porch to the house will simply split into two separate parts at the slightest subsidence. It will be impossible to repair this.

5. The porch was attached to the foundation of the house itself without special expansion joints. The porch can only be securely attached if the house and the porch have a common foundation. If this is not done, a sedimentary crack will appear right at the border of the two foundations. To avoid this, the seam facing bricks or the tiles need to be placed on one border and the gaps filled silicone sealant and in no case by grout.

So, you don’t need any specific skills to build a porch with your own hands. Each operation is considered basic in construction and therefore even a beginner with skillful hands can do everything.

DIY porch to the house. Video

03.09.2016 29493

The porch to the house is considered the logical conclusion of the building's structure; it has steps, since the level of the first floor is above ground level. When constructing this element, it is worth considering the required area to comfortably accommodate two people and the presence of a canopy.

Anyone can do it with their hands, the main thing is to know the nuances of construction depending on the material for construction. The article discusses the main issues of how to build a porch to a house with your own hands.

The construction work plan begins with design. This includes the type of construction, design, material, height of steps and handrails. When choosing these elements, it is taken into account what material the building is made of;

Important: when calculating steps, it is worth taking into account that a person must finish the step with the foot with which he started, that is, an odd number.

Before you build steps with your own hands, you should know that comfortable height is 15-20 cm, and the depth is 30 cm, when these indicators increase, walking is uncomfortable;

It will be necessary to make a slight slope so that when precipitation occurs, water does not accumulate on the surface;
Railings and fences are required not only in structures larger than 0.5 meters; their use serves as an additional decorative decoration. The height of the railing is within 80-100 cm;
If the area is sufficient, then you can equip it with a bench or veranda;
The design of the structure is selected based on the exterior of the building and the surrounding area;
You can build a porch as a separate element from the building, and after the construction process it can be connected to the house, but it is recommended to make a single foundation. If done separately monolithic design, then there is no need to attach it to the foundation of the house, since cracks will appear during the shrinkage process, which will lead to destruction.

Stages of building a porch for a one-story house

Before creating a project, it is worth considering the proportions of the house and doors in order to ultimately get a beautiful porch, since building a small structure with large doors looks out of place and vice versa. Let's consider construction above 1.5, taking into account the fact that a single foundation was not initially provided. A complex goal will allow the construction of lightweight systems to simplify the task.

Construction begins with the foundation; brick is used as the basis for this project.

Required tools and material:

Twine;
Cement for masonry and foundation;
Ruberoid;
Trowel;
Container for mixing the mixture;
Building level;
Brick;
Fittings;
Crushed stone;
Shovel;
Sand.

In order to build a foundation with a building, you will need to go down below the freezing point of the soil. You also need to go below the foundation of the building and you will need to violate the integrity of the foundation of the house.

Important: Many builders claim that it is possible to install a foundation on the ground surface without deepening; on the one hand, such a process is real, but it is worth considering that the material for such a system will need to be selected with high performance characteristics, which will lead to additional costs. This is due to the high stress that occurs every year as the soil thaws after winter when the soil is not stable. Using anti-heaving pads will also not help. The use of a non-buried foundation is permissible in regions with a dry climate. And if you use a non-buried foundation in this case, the porch will float.

Step-by-step algorithm:

To build a porch one-story house reliable, brickwork occurs in a full brick, that is, the thickness will be from 30 cm;
At this stage, according to the project, markings are made, string is stretched and pegs are installed;
A trench is dug and filled with fine gravel or crushed stone and thoroughly compacted;
We reinforce the resulting structure;
The mixture for construction is prepared as follows: take one part of cement, 5 crushed stone and 3 sand;

Recommendation: when preparing the mixture, the resulting mass should have a dense structure, since the plastic solution will begin to exfoliate and peel over time. When stirring, add water in small portions.

The foundation is poured and left alone for 20 days. During drying, the porch extension to the house is periodically moistened with water or pre-covered with film for 7 days;
If another material is used as cladding, then when laying bricks you should not worry about jointing;
At this stage, waterproofing material - roofing felt - is applied, laying occurs over the entire area;
The waterproofing process is done in 2 layers. The first to be installed is with an overlap and in parallel;
The laying process takes place using building level or pre-stretched twine;
The internal space is filled construction waste, for example, broken bricks, the remaining mortar or small crushed stone and gravel 25-30 cm thick, the layers are sprinkled with sand. It is carefully compacted so that in the end the voids between the material are minimal;
Porch for a house in internal space it is filled until 20-25 cm remains to the edge and covered with sand;
After laying a 10-15 cm layer of gravel or small crushed stone, a screed is made;
When performing this process, do not forget about the design of the railings and how they are fastened;
The construction of the porch to the house is almost complete. A screed from the total area is poured onto the pre-laid roofing material. Moving on to the steps after, starting from the top.

The foundation for the porch is ready; tiles can be laid as cladding depending on the design. There are dozens of design options; the floor on the porch is decorated with decorative stones and stones, but only frost-resistant material, such as porcelain stoneware, must be used. The laying is done so that there are no voids; they are revealed by tapping, in which case the tiles are re-laid.

Building a porch with your own hands is not that difficult, the main thing is to stick to the technology. The facade is finished with plaster for exterior use, decorative stone, and other materials suitable for outdoor use. The choice of facing material for finishing the structure remains at the discretion and taste of the owner, but, most importantly, to make a beautiful porch, you need to take into account the style of the building and the site.

Construction of a concrete porch

To make concrete you should adhere to the algorithm. Main questions and recommendations:

It is recommended that the construction of a concrete structure be carried out during the construction of a house to create a single foundation and waterproofing. Since properly installed waterproofing affects durability;
If the building has already been built, then attach a porch 5 cm lower from the front door. The number of steps depends on the height of the door;
The material chosen for construction is high quality, moisture resistant and suitable for outdoor use.

We build a porch to the house in 3 stages:

Selected construction material, and preparatory work is being carried out on the site;
The main stage will be the calculation and construction of formwork;
Concrete laying.

Work order:

At the first stage, a pit is dug 20-30 cm deep and 2.5 cm wider than the area of the site;
Gravel or small crushed stone is poured to a depth of 2.5 cm, and sand is laid on top to fill the voids;
For correct calculation the height of the steps, the height of the structure is taken and divided by their number;
At this stage, formwork is erected with a height of at least 30 cm, relative to the structure itself;
The steps are located at right angles, and the platform itself has a slope of 0.6 cm, drainage is 30 cm. The risers also have a slope of 15 degrees;
The formwork will require stiffening ribs;
occurs after indentation from the wall surface;
The stakes are driven to a depth of 25 cm and spacers are installed. The resulting base is backfilled and thoroughly compacted;
Pre-cut boards according to the parameters of the risers are nailed to the formwork; nails are used as fastening material.

To attach a porch to a brick house, they use the same technology before pouring the mortar. It is worth considering that construction brick construction will cost more than constructing a concrete foundation.

Construction of a porch to a wooden house

Wood is considered an environmentally friendly material, but a do-it-yourself timber porch must meet certain requirements, since the structure will be exposed to atmospheric influences and mechanical loads all year round. At the first stage, preparatory work is carried out:

When creating a drawing, flights of stairs, structural parameters and surfaces and design are taken into account;
The foundation at the project stage should be designed so that it is subject to minimal environmental influences;
The area for the extension must be of sufficient size to allow several people to move at the same time;
To build a porch from timber there are no requirements or standards;
Options and style are selected based on the type and design of the house;
be located 3-5 cm below the door leaf, otherwise, if precipitation occurs, the door will deform, which will lead to squeaks when opening and closing, and it is also possible complete failure designs.

We build a porch made of wood - a step-by-step algorithm:

You will need boards with dimensions of 15 cm by 5 cm;
A support is made from the prepared material and fastened together using self-tapping screws;
A depression is made in the ground under the base of the support;

The support is created from available material, it can be flat stones or dimes filled with cement mortar with gravel or small crushed stone;
Wooden supports are installed on these nickels. All wooden elements are treated with an antibacterial primer to prevent mold and rot 15 cm from the soil, but it is better to saturate the entire structure;
If there is no primer available, drying oil or waste is used as impregnation. car oil, it is inappropriate to use bitumen here, since after application an airtight film is formed and the wood will rot from the inside;
Self-tapping screws are used as fastening material for the platform. The more firmly the flight of stairs and the landing are connected, the more reliable and durable the structure will be;
The staircase is built after the installation of the platform is completed. It is worth paying attention to the bowstring, since this element is considered the most complex, because it is presented in the form of a supporting board. happens exactly there.

Creating a canopy:

A common material for canopies is polycarbonate; it has high performance indicators, which increases its service life, as well as its low cost;
A frame of several consoles is made from an aluminum profile;
To install the frame, metal clips will be required as fastening material. Rubber gaskets are used to seal the places where the washers are attached;
Holes are made for the screws, several times larger than the parts for installation, since polycarbonate tends to expand in the sun. You cannot use sharp materials for fastening: self-tapping screws and self-tapping screws, as there is a high probability that a chip will form, and subsequently a crack will appear on the surface.

The article examined several types of porch construction from different materials. Also, after construction, electricity can be installed so that dark time It was comfortable to move around for a day.

Often, the construction of a porch and other extensions to the house begins after the house itself has been completely rebuilt and all the facing work has been completed. At the same time, the owners want the foundation for the porch to be reliable and durable so that the structure can stand long time. Unfortunately, this is not always the case, a clear proof of which is the rickety outbuildings that can often be seen next to many private houses and summer cottages.

In recent years, a large number of developers have become convinced that porch piles are the best option and solve many problems. Let's talk about the advantages in more detail.

Pile foundation for the porch

The advantages of screw piles appear most clearly during construction on unstable and heaving soils. Bottom ends metal poles sink deeper than the freezing layer, so they remain securely in place. This means that the porch on stilts will not “move away” from the main structure as a result of soil movement.

We have the best screw piles. You can build a porch on them from any materials. If the thickness is chosen correctly, they will be able to withstand increased loads for 100 years and even much longer.

What is especially attractive is that the porch can be installed very quickly and is quite cheap. Difficulties usually arise only with installation close to the wall. But the professionals of the RadoSvai company easily solve this problem.

One more thing big advantage: such a foundation for a porch can be mounted on uneven surface. At the end, the worker simply cuts off the ends of the supports so that they are exactly level.

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