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The procedure for tying screw piles with timber - step-by-step instructions with photos. Framing the foundation on screw piles: recommendations for tying with a channel and step-by-step instructions for tying with timber. Attaching the frame to the piles

The reliability and quality of any foundation depends primarily on strict adherence to technology at every stage of its implementation. And the harness columnar foundation timber is no exception.

General information

Screw pile

A screw pile is a type of pile that is driven into the ground by screwing. As a rule, this is metal pipe, to the base of which the blades are welded. These blades serve not only to immerse the structure into the ground, but also to evenly distribute the mass over larger area soil.

What is a harness

After installing the screw supports, they are fastened with beams, resulting in one rigid structure called a frame or grillage.

The framing of a house is essentially the overlap between the building itself and the foundation. This design evenly distributes the weight of the house from. In addition, the grillage is the first to take over negative impacts environment. Therefore, it must be strong, reliable and protected from moisture.

Timber is a material made by cutting a tree trunk from four sides. It has the same cross-section along its entire length. Currently, timber is the most popular material for lining the foundation. It is especially often used in the construction of log houses, bathhouses and other wooden houses.

Most often used bottom harness from timber coniferous species, since they have some advantages over deciduous ones:

• Higher service life and durability;
• High strength;
• Reduced moisture permeability;
• The price is usually lower than for hardwood.

Note!
The timber for strapping must have a cross-section of at least 150x150 mm.
When purchasing material, you must ensure that there are not even the slightest cracks on it, otherwise the build quality will suffer.

Before making a grillage, it is necessary to process the material:

• Antiseptic – to prevent decay and fungal development; (see article for more details)
• Fire retardant, which will increase fire resistance and prevent fire. This treatment is especially relevant for pine material, since this wood contains a large amount of flammable resins.

Advice!
When calculating the amount of material, it is advisable to add 10-15 percent, since during the work it may not be enough.

Glued beams are much stronger than regular beams, and they also have more accurate dimensions. As a rule, such material has protrusions and grooves. As a result, the structure made from this is very durable.

The main advantage of laminated veneer lumber is thermal and moisture protection. The structure will be dense and without gaps in corner connections. Of course, such material costs more than regular material, but it does not need to be dried and treated with an antiseptic.

Another advantage of glued material is that it does not rot and is very light in itself. Thus, a grillage made of laminated veneer lumber is an excellent solution.

For calculation required quantity timber, you can use a simple calculator:

Wall length

m

Wall width

m

Wall height

m

Beam section

150x150 mm.

180x180 mm.

200x200 mm.

5 m. 6 m. 7 m. 8 m. 9 m. 10 m. 11 m. 12 m.

ru Strapping technology Harness

• pile foundation
• timber is performed in several stages:
• Foundation preparation;

Preparation of building material;

Direct installation.

• Tool
• If you will be tying the foundation with timber yourself, then you will need the following tool:
• Hacksaw or chainsaw;
• Electric planer;
• Screwdriver;

Drill;

Roulette.

1. Foundation preparation
2. Preparation is carried out in two stages:

First of all, you need to make sure the foundation is horizontal. Piles that are located above the required level must either be immersed deeper or cut off. If the supports are located below the required level, then a gasket should be placed on the head.

Then you need to perform waterproofing. To do this, a roofing material gasket is placed on the ends of the supports. You can also use bitumen or roofing felt.

Preparation of building material

Advice!
First, the material must be dried. Then you need to select the corner elements of the grillage and make cuts from their ends for the locking connection.

Most often, the connection is made into the floor of the tree, when the cut is made “into the floor of the tree”, to the middle of the section of the beam at a right angle, the width of the cut corresponds to the width of the beam. Also sometimes they make a “half-paw” connection, when the cut is made at an arbitrary angle. This connection is more reliable.

The easiest way to make cuts is with an electric planer.

The instructions for performing the work are as follows:

1. First of all, you need to outline the corners. To do this, define the point as the first external corner, it can be marked with a nail. Then I mark the remaining corners in exactly the same way, and check their straightness using a triangle.
2. Next, you need to make one of the corners of the future object and lay all the prepared beams. It is necessary to lay jute tape between the joints. On straight sections of the grillage, it is best to connect the elements with a half-tree or “half-foot” head stop.
3. When all the elements are laid, it is necessary to once again check the straightness of the corners and the horizontality of the entire resulting structure.

Advice!
The beams can also be connected to each other using metal corners and brackets.

After the strapping beam is on screw piles will be laid, it must be secured. Most often, the grillage is attached to the supports using bolts. To do this, holes must be made in advance on the pile heads, and after installation, holes must also be drilled in the beams; the beams must thus be attached to each pillar.

It’s even easier to use self-tapping screws instead of bolts, in which case you won’t have to make holes in the beams. After attaching the structure, cuts are made in the grillage for logs and partition beams.

Note!
After installing the piping, it is also necessary to lay a waterproofing layer on it, and open spaces treat with mastic.

In some cases, the lining of a house made of timber is not done, since its role is played by the crown of the log house itself, installed on the foundation. This option is only possible if the floor joists are cut several crowns higher.

We looked at how to frame a house from timber with one crown. Quite popular is the double harness, which we will discuss below.

Double strapping made of timber is more reliable designs than described above.

It has the following advantages:

• The house turns out to be warmer.
• In double strapping, there are no cuts for beams and joists, so it is more durable than regular strapping.
• With double strapping, it is easier to remove and replace the logs during repairs, since they do not cut into the base.

When making such a design, the first crown is made of material with a cross-section of 200x200 mm. It is installed using the technology described above. In this case, it is also necessary to make cuts under the beams for the partitions.

When the first crown is completed, the second one is installed. Typically, for the second crown, beams with a cross-section of 150 x 100 mm are used, and they are installed end-to-end (the cross-section should not be square). All joints of the first row must be covered, while the corners are also connected - in a straight cut.

The partition beam is installed with its end in the middle of the beam of the first row so that there is a protrusion on both sides. Floor joists are laid perpendicular to the partition beam every 70-80 cm. They can be secured to the protruding beam using nails.

Advice!
The geometry of the harness is checked by measuring the diagonals.

This completes the work. You can learn more about double foundation piping from the video in this article.

Possible difficulties

When making a grillage you may have to face some difficulties.

• The piles are not screwed level. If it is not possible to bury the pile deeper, then you can not cut the pipe, but make a recess in the beam.
• The foundation turned out to be not square. In this case, the corners are leveled with a grillage.
  
• A crack appeared on the beam. In this case, the beam should be replaced.

Conclusion

Strapping is an extremely important stage of construction, since the strength and durability of the entire house depends on it. Therefore, it should be performed especially carefully, without deviating from the technology described above.

Holding the finished structure begins with strapping. There are several of them. The bottom and top are of particular importance. We will talk about how to produce them correctly.

Installation of the bottom trim

The bottom frame of a log house refers to the attachment of the timber to the foundation. There are many methods, about them below, but first you should do a few manipulations first, so that troubles do not happen in the future various kinds. So:

• Firstly, the prepared foundation, no matter what type it will be - pile columnar or strip, is prepared. That is, it is insulated and waterproofed. This is done in order to lower crown did not have direct contact with the base, which, due to temperature changes, can accumulate moisture and, accordingly, the timber frame for the house and the building itself will begin to rot.

You need to use compounds such as fire retardant and moisture resistant. It is also advisable to use polystyrene foam or penoizol boards as insulation. But this is more suitable for a strip base and pillars - the piles are covered with something else.

• Secondly, you must not forget to place a larch beam on the surface of the foundation - it is not susceptible to moisture in principle, and it will be more convenient to drive the crowns on a flat surface.
• Powerful and reliable elements are always required as fasteners in the base. These are best dealt with anchor bolts.

The beams are fastened together with dowels of different lengths - wooden wedges rectangular shape. And in a checkerboard pattern.

How the bottom strapping process works:

Thus, the lower harness is performed timber house. The work is simple, but painstaking and necessary. It is unlikely that any buildings can do without it.

After the house is erected and the last crowns are raised, they are not secured with anything, so that when building rafter system, they could be removed. The structure needs time to shrink at least a year. This time can be devoted to choosing materials for insulation, style and interior of your own home.

The time allotted for shrinkage will fly by quickly and the moment will come when you have to decide the question of how to make a frame for a house made of timber in its upper part. So:

• The upper crown is removed and the main plate is installed on the surface of the fixed beam. rafter element. How is it installed? Just like larch timber, with the only difference that cuts are made in it for rafter legs. A sealant must be placed under it.
• Next, ceiling joists are installed on the pre-prepared cuts. They, naturally, must have a larger cross-section than 100*50 mm. Still, this is the future ceiling.
• After the Mauerlat is installed the last crown on the same dowels and fastened at the corners with a short beam with a cross-section of 50*50 mm. You can use additional steel corners in all corners, but it is important to remember that metal is not the best neighbor for wood - it can accumulate condensation and release it into the pores of the timber.

Thus, the installation of the upper frame of the timber house can be considered complete.

Methods for connecting timber to the foundation

As stated earlier, fasteners in wooden house construction are considered traditional wooden dowels. They serve to raise the walls and rafter system. However, in order to combine two materials with different structures - wood and concrete - and make sure that the timber frame around the house becomes of high quality, you should try to choose something different:

• Anchor connection. It involves driving bolts or studs into the base where plugs are already present. It is reliable and, given the appropriate length, can withstand a large load in the form of a building with several floors.
• Wedge bolts are the most reliable bonding agent. They are also driven in, but due to their thinness, they will not be able to crack the base and thus the strength of the foundation does not decrease.
• Nails and screws. Even if they are long and can connect two beams, they are not reliable. In addition, they are often not treated with an anti-corrosion agent, which will not help the wood remain protected.
• Bunch metal corner. It is used for pile foundations, when the question arises - how to frame a house from timber.

Then a profile will be necessary, as will anchors protruding from the piles. It is made of hardened steel and you don’t have to worry about the strength of the building.

Having analyzed the features and prerequisites For further work, you can start with it. There is no need to rush, because the consequences of haste can primarily affect the reliability of the entire log house as a whole.

Also, you can’t forget about the gasket gasket and chemical protection wood - neglect means destroying the house. Be carefull!

Foundations on piles, as well as on poles, due to their low economic component and relative ease of installation, are deservedly popular among developers. They are convenient because they do not require much volume. earthworks, suitable for almost any soil, suitable for any structure. For private construction, unless a basement is needed under the building, this is the most acceptable option. Especially for a small building, like a bathhouse or barn.

Just drilling wells and installing piles is the beginning of the work, which is quite easy to do yourself. But the piles themselves cannot serve as a foundation, since they can only work as a foundation in conjunction with a framework, which is also called a grillage. It is made of reinforced concrete, metal, wood from logs or timber. For frame or frame-panel buildings, tying a pile foundation with timber is most suitable.

Purpose and types of grillage

The strapping is both an action and a device, which means that this element connects the pile heads into a single structure. It serves to uniformly distribute the load from the building onto each pile. The types of grillages depend on the material they are made of:

1. The metal one is made from a channel, which is attached to the pile heads by welding. For this case, and in other cases too, the top of each pile ends with a horizontal steel plate with holes for bolts or with welded studs. All metal constructions must be coated with anti-corrosion compounds.
2. Reinforced concrete framing can be made from prefabricated elements in the form of lintels or crossbars, which are connected to each other and to pillars. The second option is monolithic reinforced concrete structure, which is made according to the principle strip foundation. It is very convenient and practical to make such a grillage in fixed formwork, serving both as an enclosing element and thermal insulation.
3. Wooden lining of the foundation on screw piles with timber or logs is usually done for buildings made of wood. Rounded logs are used for arranging the foundations of log houses. Natural or laminated timber - for frame buildings. For the grillage, products with a cross-section of 150×150 mm are used, and steel studs or bolts are used as fastening elements. Fastening can be carried out by fitting onto the threads emerging from the piles. Or bolts through holes in the embedded parts of the pillar heads. Sometimes tying the foundation with timber is done using wire rod clamps. But, in any case, the head of the pile is covered with roofing felt or pieces flexible tiles to create a waterproofing layer.

Grillage construction

Sometimes wooden buildings They are erected without a foundation at all. The first crown, carefully treated with tar or bitumen, is placed on a sand-clay cushion. A barn or bathhouse built in this way serves for a long time. At the same time, there is a risk of soil erosion and drifts in winter. Therefore, it is more reliable to construct any building on solid foundation. Let's consider two options.

On a strip base

There are cases when a strip foundation is tied with timber. It may be needed if the walls of the building are made of frames. The first crown is a grillage, which is constructed from thick timber. Its installation is carried out on anchors or studs provided during the process of pouring the strip base. The construction order looks like this:

• checking the horizontality of the top surface of the reinforced concrete strip building level and its alignment cement-sand mortar(if necessary);
• laying a waterproofing layer of roofing felt on bitumen mastic;
• mark on the beams of the future grillage the places where it connects to the foundation and drill holes for the anchors;
• each anchor must be protected with a gasket and washer;
• the timber is carefully “put” through the holes onto the studs and the anchors are secured with nuts;
• The corners of the grillage beams and the junction of the beams under the partitions are connected using the “claw” or “bowl” method, fastening them with self-tapping screws or nails.

If we talk about materials, it is best to tie the foundation with larch beams. Since this tree is a hard species, it is perhaps the only coniferous tree.

On a pile foundation

There are two ways to attach the crown to the pile heads - with bolts or studs, and also using wire rod clamps. However, many professionals in practice use both methods simultaneously and recommend that craftsmen do this if they tie the pile foundation with timber with their own hands. The double method of fastening the first crown will give the base additional strength and confidence in reliability. It should also be remembered that metal structures must certainly be coated with anti-corrosion protection, and wooden structures must be treated with antiseptics. Such procedures must be repeated periodically, at least once a year. The pile heads must be covered with steel plates with anchors and further tying of the screw foundation with timber is carried out in the following order:

• pieces of roofing felt or other waterproofing material must be laid at all places where the first crown comes into contact with the metal;
• previously drilled holes the timber is placed on the support anchors; convenient when the plates with studs are made with small vertical walls; in this case, the beam will sit exactly in its place, without displacement;
• The strapping parts are connected to each other with self-tapping screws and nails; in this case, metal plates and corners can be used for strength; anchor bolts are secured with nuts; If it is impossible to use anchors or studs, use strong clamps.

A similar fastening method must be performed at all points of contact between the crown and the pile. By the way, the same method is used when tying a columnar foundation with timber. The process of arranging the grillage must be accompanied by a systematic check of the horizontal and vertical structures, as well as the correctness of the angles of contact between the parts and with the wall studs.

Things to remember

So that the grillage is made with maximum precision and good quality, before starting work with a level, you need to check the coincidence of the upper marks of all supports. And also, the accuracy of their location according to the construction plan. That is, all geometric parameters horizontally, diagonally and vertically must correspond to the specified values. Otherwise, it will be impossible to link the individual parts of the harness into a single structure.

The timber for the grillage must meet all quality standards and norms. You cannot build a harness from material that is damaged by pests and has high humidity.

Fastening elements (screws and nails) should be placed along the central axis of the structural elements to prevent cracking. And the connection points wooden parts they must be laid between each other with jute or tow.

The pile-screw foundation remains one of the most popular solutions for individual construction due to its availability, simplicity and stability even on “floating” soils. However, in order for your home to be even more comfortable and not require repairs for as long as possible, you need to make its foundation even stronger and more durable. To do this, operations such as tying and closing screw piles are performed.

What is the difference between tying a pile foundation and closing it?

Inexperienced builders often confuse tying screw piles with covering the foundation. Although these two stages of the home foundation construction process are related in some way, they have slightly different goals.

Harness involves combining the heads of screw piles already installed in the ground into a single structure along the entire perimeter of the foundation and along the contour where construction will be erected interior walls buildings.

The absence of strapping, which is done using timber, boards, channels and other materials, will lead to an uneven load on each pile. The consequence of this will be the rapid destruction of the foundation, which will simply “float”.

Closing screw piles gives the building a more aesthetic appearance and minimizes heat loss. After all, since the foundation is not monolithic and there is open space under the house, the floor in such a building is unlikely to be warm enough.

Many modern materials are used for closure.

Strapping options

Tying piles with timber

Owners of relatively light buildings - wooden or frame-panel - should give preference to this type of strapping. A timber grillage cannot be called very durable, but for such construction it is the most suitable and affordable option.

Foundation tied with timber.

Often timber made of wood is used for strapping. coniferous trees, since its cost is several times less than similar products made from wood hardwood, and the differences in performance characteristics are minimal.

Before installing the grillage, special antiseptic compounds must be applied to the beam to prevent the destruction of wood under the influence of atmospheric factors and covered with bitumen waterproofing layer. The latter gives the timber water-repellent properties.

When tying a pile-screw foundation with timber, do the following:

The pile head is mounted after leveling (cutting) the pile and after pouring concrete inside it (if necessary).

1. Carefully align the installed piles so that the pillars are exactly at the same level.
2. Heads are mounted on the piles.
3. Waterproof the material.
4. Grooves are cut out on the timber that falls at the joints of the corners of the house. the right size for subsequent connection wooden parts between themselves.
5. The timber is laid on the pile caps along the perimeter along the entire contour of the foundation so that the joints of the separate parts of the grillage are fastened together on the caps. The joints are laid with a rope for better compaction.
6. Level the grillage and carefully check the angle: it should not deviate from 90 degrees.
7. The timber is fixed to the pile heads using self-tapping screws.

Tying piles with boards

When installing a pile foundation, the boarding has a number of undeniable advantages compared to timber:

1. During work cracks may appear in timber with a cross-section that is too large or it is significantly deformed.
2. For making beams timber longer than 6 m is not suitable because of the serious problems that can arise from doing so.
3. Timber beams are quite heavy, so installing them will require a whole team of workers. At the same time, a beam from boards is made right next to the foundation, which is much simpler.
4. Beams made from boards do not require additional drying and are characterized by increased strength compared to analogues made from timber.

Tying screw piles using boards is performed according to the following algorithm:

1. Between the pile heads and the piping itself, a waterproofing, moisture-proof layer must be made, often from high-quality roofing felt.

The photo clearly shows the waterproofing of the head from the harness, as well as the bed.

There is another way to tie a board. The boards are glued together and additionally secured with screws and nails. If the boards are thin, you can line them with plywood for greater strength. During installation, it is important to separate the joints of the boards into different piles and use the proven “half-tree” method.

Tying piles with a channel (I-beam) or corrugated pipe

Metal grillages make it possible to use a pile-screw foundation when constructing not only wooden buildings, but also buildings made of cinder blocks, foam concrete and gas silicate on one floor.

Sometimes, instead of a channel, an I-beam is used, which is highly resistant to compressive loads and provides greater structural rigidity. I-beams with a cross-section of 20 are often used. In the case of a channel for load-bearing walls take metal beams with a cross-section of about 30 mm, for the rest - with a cross-section of approximately 20 mm.

The foundation is tied with a channel or I-beam as follows:

1. Install the pile pillars at the same height and process metal elements strapping with anti-corrosion agent.
2. Metal beams are placed on the piles so that they meet in the middle of the pile posts. The channel is cut at right angles at the corner joints of the grillage elements.
3. The beams are welded to each other and to the pile heads.

In this photo, the foundation is tied with both a channel and profile pipe(bottom).

Tying a pile foundation with corrugated pipe is done in almost the same way, however, the resistance of such material to significant mechanical loads may be much less. Among the advantages of the pipe, we note its low cost and low weight.

Tying piles using a reinforced concrete grillage

Monolithic reinforced concrete piping is almost a third cheaper than metal piping, but it has a number of disadvantages, the main ones being the complexity of installation and the impossibility of continuing construction until the grillage has completely hardened. This usually takes at least a month.

Tying piles using a reinforced concrete grillage: final version.

When tying piles using a reinforced concrete grillage, you must proceed as follows:

1. The pile pillars are set to the same level.
2. Formwork is made from planed boards for further pouring with concrete, which is lined with oilcloth on the inside to prevent leaks.

Ready wooden formwork on concrete piles.

How are the pile foundations covered?

A closed pile-screw foundation is reliable protection from rodents and other animals that can live in the empty space between the piles. Also, covering and finishing such a base will prevent heat loss in the home and help create good microclimate without excess humidity.

The most popular methods of closing a pile-screw foundation:

• creation of a suspended plinth;
• creation of a shallow tape-type base.

For a suspended plinth, thin and not too powerful composite and polymer materials, as well as wood. In this case, the load on the screw piles is minimal, and the simplicity and speed of installation, coupled with low cost, is often captivating.

A suspended plinth covering the foundation with corrugated pipe piping.

Any type of finishing of the base on stilts requires the presence of two ventilation holes on opposite walls of the house. This will prevent moisture from accumulating on the piles and grillage, which will not corrode or rot (in the case of wood).

However, the pile foundation will last longer when installing a shallow foundation strip base who will become better protection for the pile frame, ensuring its durability.

An option for constructing a shallow base to protect the pile foundation.

Thermal and waterproofing when closing the base

All types of basement finishing require the installation of a heat- and waterproofing layer, which is covered with asbestos-cement slabs, decorative thermal panels mounted on a sheathing of boards or a slate slab, or bricks. All these materials have their pros and cons:

1. Asbestos cement slabs They don’t look very attractive and are highly fragile, but they are inexpensive.

Decoration of the base with decorative bricks.

Tying and closing screw piles is very important stage construction of a house, which determines how soon it will need major repairs.

Tying and closing a pile-screw foundation: how to make the foundation of a house durable?

Closing and tying a pile-screw foundation are slightly different operations that make the foundation of the house more reliable and stable. For this, many modern materials are used.

Pile-screw foundations are quite popular among private developers. They are especially in demand when constructing relatively lightweight frame houses or buildings made of timber. Such base designs are chosen due to affordable price, quick installation. And in some cases, due to the characteristics of the topography or the characteristics of the soil at the construction site, they become the only possible solution.

A foundation made of screw piles does not require preliminary heavy excavation work, since they are screwed into the ground to a certain depth and with a step calculated in the project. These parameters depend on the massiveness of the future structure, the composition of the soil, the depth of its freezing and the level of occurrence groundwater. The convenience of this type of construction is that the creation of a pile field can be completed in a matter of days, after which you can immediately proceed to the next stage of work. And this stage necessarily involves tying the foundation on screw piles.

This process must be carried out using one of the existing technologies, since the strength of its walls and the lifespan of the house will depend on it. Therefore, this stage must be approached with all responsibility, having previously decided on the material that will be used to arrange the strapping.

What is tying a pile foundation and why is it necessary?

The pile foundation consists of several elements - these are screw or driven piles, which are supports for the remaining parts of the structure, and strapping, which already serves as the basis for further construction and installation work.

The screw piles themselves have a very significant bearing capacity. They are screwed in so that the propeller blades rest against dense layers of soil. And the ability of such a support to withstand vertically directed loads depends and from technical characteristics of the pile itself, and the characteristics of the soil at the construction site.