Panel house like. Frame-panel house: reviews from owners and construction technology. Construction of a columnar foundation - how not to make unforgivable mistakes
Particularly popular today are panel houses, which are distinguished by their lightness, low price and ease of assembly. These inexpensive buildings are the best solution for construction country house, bathhouses and even a residential building. They can be built in one season.
Pros and cons of prefabricated buildings
If you decide to order a frame-panel house, you are probably interested in what the pros and cons of such construction are. Among the advantages are:
- speed of construction.
- relatively low cost
- durability
- environmental friendliness
- variety of designs
- do not need heavy foundations
- are built year-round
- can be built on any soil
About how the cons frame houses turn into advantages, read.
You can build frame-panel houses with your own hands, which is very cheap. Having ordered ready-made panels according to your plan, all you have to do is assemble the house, like a construction set. However, panel houses also have disadvantages:
- No matter how well the wood is processed, it will have a shorter service life when compared with stone, brick or concrete.
- The slightest failure to comply with technology leads to distortions.
- Even treated with fire protection, wood is more fire hazardous than other materials.
Construction technology
Despite the apparent ease of erecting frame-panel houses, this process requires certain knowledge and skills. Let's take a closer look at how to assemble this house yourself; to do this, let's look at what such construction is.
Panel construction refers to improved frame construction. The main elements of these buildings are the frame, panels, roof, floor, external and internal decoration.
As for Canadian technology specifically, the design of shields (or SIP panels) includes a frame, insulation, vapor barriers, and wind protection. The assembly of such a house resembles a panel connection of walls. The walls of the shield are OSB boards, between which the entire filling of the wall is located.
For better thermal protection, the insulation is attached (under pressure) to the slabs so that they protrude slightly around the perimeter beyond the layer of polystyrene foam. What are the typical sizes of sandwich panels? Based on the plan of your house, you can choose thickness 12, 14, 15, 16, 20 cm, width 125. The length of the panels can also be 250, 280 or 300 cm.
Where to begin?
What can be built using ready-made panels? Yes, almost any building, both simpler and atypical. Typical garden houses are a one-story building with a gable roof and possibly an attic. Country houses can be for permanent residence or only seasonal (garden). You can make them yourself or order them on a turnkey basis.
Any construction, including frame-panel construction, begins with a plan. You can draw the plan yourself, but it is advisable to do this for simple buildings. If you want to have a full-fledged residential building, it is better to order a plan from special organizations. The price of a plan can range from several hundred rubles to several thousand.
The second stage of preparation is the construction of the foundation. Panel houses need a foundation, but what is good about them is that the foundation can be lightweight. Read more about foundations.
We purchase ready-made panels
After installing the foundation, you can place an order for sip panels. After calculating the required panel sizes and agreeing on the price, you place your order. Firms engaged in the construction of such turnkey houses can help you with the calculations.
A house made of vulture panels does not involve the construction of a frame, as in a traditional frame construction. The panels themselves are already both a frame and insulated walls. The role of the frame is performed by rigid frames made of timber. Later it will be possible to make a veranda, porch or any other extension based on the frame. Sip panels are placed on prepared foundations. The base for the house is made of timber. The roof may be various options- single-pitch, gable, from a variety of materials.
If you want to save money, after purchasing the panels, you can assemble the house yourself. Check out the video about assembling such a house, and you will see that everything can be done with your own hands.
We contact developers
If you don't want to waste your time and are not too constrained financially, you can buy a turnkey house from the company. A huge number of companies offer fast and high-quality construction of both private residential buildings and industrial buildings, garages, shopping and storage facilities based on SIP panels using modern frame technologies.
By contacting specialists who use modern technologies construction and finishing, using high-quality heat, water and sound insulation and fire protection, you will receive within two to three months finished building. Greater competition has significantly improved the quality standards of such houses. The big advantage is that the companies have specialists whose practice one can envy.
If you have a dacha and you want to put it on small house, for example, 6x8 or 6x6, frame-panel construction suits you perfectly. Country houses can be of any size and shape.
Money issue
Residential buildings
Before ordering construction, you need to figure out how much a particular house will cost approximately. Naturally, the price for a bathhouse, a garden and country house and for a residential building will vary. The price depends on the size of the house, the complexity of the design and functionality. The most popular buildings have dimensions of 6x6 and 6x8.
Approximate prices for the most popular buildings:
1. House dimensions: 4 by 6 m
- built-up area: 24 sq.m
- premises area: 37 sq.m
- cost of a panel house: 240,000 rubles
Price of the same frame house: 320,000 rubles.
The foundation is ordered separately, the cost of a monolithic strip foundation is 120,000 rubles. Pile screw foundation will cost 66,000 rubles.
2. House dimensions: 5 by 6 m
- built-up area: 30 sq.m
- premises area: 48 sq.m
The price of a panel house is: 270,000 rubles
Frame house: cost 350,000 rubles.
3. House dimensions: 6x6 m
- built-up area: 36 sq.m
- premises area: 56 sq.m
Price for a panel house: 290,000 rubles.
Frame house: RUB 385,000.
4. House dimensions: 6x8 m
- built-up area: 48 sq.m
- premises area: 65 sq.m
Price for a frame house: 420,000 rub.
Panel house: cost 340,000 rub.
If the size of the house is more than 100 m2, then the price immediately increases several times. For example, a residential building on 2 floors with an area of 184 m2 with dimensions of 9.6 × 11.6 m has a cost of 2,278,000 rubles. On average, the price for 1 square meter is 12,378 rubles.
For steam room lovers
What are the prices today for frame-panel baths? Let's look at a few projects. Let's start with the simplest options.
1. Bathhouse for 195,000 rubles.
The most compact model with a length of 4 meters can fit in any area. Area 10 sq. m. Its price is 195,000 rubles. Premises: steam room, locker room. Designed for 3 people. Lighting is available in each compartment - glass bath lamps. There is an outlet in the dressing room. All electrics are carried out through a cable channel and connected through 16 A circuit breakers - to the light, 16 A - to the socket. The cable channel and all components are made in the same design and have a wood color.
2. Bathhouse for 240,000 rubles
Compact model of a bathhouse with a terrace and 2 compartments: a changing room and a steam room. The package includes two-tier aspen shelves, a metal sauna stove "Osa" with a built-in tank for hot water, stove chimney with spark arrester and fire protection, folding table, 2 chairs. Lighting and electrical are standard.
3. Bathhouse for 370 rubles
Premises: relaxation room, washing room, steam room. There is also a table and two benches for those who like to steam. Features a spacious layout. Has an area of 17.5 sq. m. Turnkey.
The most cheap sauna, which I managed to find, cost 99,000 rubles and was on sale. Let us now consider the most expensive frame-panel baths.
1. The total area of the bathhouse is 127.62 m²
Area of the 1st floor - 79.82 m²
Veranda – 14 m²
Tambour – 1.54 m²
Wardrobe – 1.54 m²
Rest room - 26.1 m²
Steam room - 8.33 m²
Shower room – 7.51 m²
Kitchen – 10.8 m²
Attic area - 47.8 m²
Billiard room – 36.2 m²
Room – 14.9 m²
Balcony – 6.7 m²
Cost: 1,168,400 rub. Full construction.
2. Spacious and functional bathhouse with a swimming pool.
On the ground floor: hall, living room, steam room, swimming pool, shower and toilet.
On the second floor: recreation room (billiard room).
1st floor – 76 m²
2nd floor – 47 m².
Price 1,131,600 rub. Full construction.
Thus, you can order a large and luxurious frame-panel bathhouse, or you can limit yourself to an inexpensive budget option. Read about how to build a bathhouse yourself.
Houses for summer living
Summer houses - great option for those who like to spend the summer months outdoors and move to the city in the winter. The cost of country houses can also vary. Let's look at the cheapest and most expensive options.
Garden houses Kashtan 4X5.5 m have a price of 168,000 rubles. garden house Falcon 3x5.8 m costs 180,000 rubles. Two-story houses start at a price of 260,000 rubles. Houses with an area of 48 m2 or more have a price of 350,000 rubles.
What will you get by placing an order for the construction of a turnkey country house?
- foundation (column or pile)
- strapping crown
- house frame
- walls
- insulation
- finished floor
- ceiling
- interfloor ceilings
- attic floor
- partitions
- doors
- roof
- ladder
Popular projects
The most popular projects of summer 2015:
- Frame and panel house "Gardener 1". Dimensions: 6x6 m2. Area: 61m2. Cost: 350,750 rub.
- "Gardener 2". Dimensions: 6x6. Area: 61m2. Price: 350 750 rub.
- "Gardener 3". Dimensions: 6x6. Area: 61m2. Cost: 350,750 rub.
- "Gardener 6". Dimensions: 6x7.5. Area: 74.15m2. September price: RUB 419,750.
- "Cosiness". Dimensions: 4x5. Area: 31.29m2. September price: 276,000 rub.
- "Forester". Dimensions: 6x8. Area: 73m2. September price: RUB 447,350.
- "Khutor". Dimensions: 6*8. Area: 73m2. September price: RUB 447,350.
- "Darnitsa". Dimensions: 6x8. Area: 78m2. September price: 431,250 rub.
- "Hearth." Dimensions: 6x6. Area: 66m2. September price: RUB 362,250. August price: RUB 315,000.
Starting the story about the experience of building a frame-panel house with your own hands, I would immediately like to warn that this is not an ode of laudatory or a story about a fun pastime, but real work over the mistakes I made, as experience shows, at almost all stages of construction.
How to build a frame-panel house inexpensively, the main mistakes
The task before the start of construction was quite simple: to build a frame-panel house inexpensively, at the lowest cost and at the highest pace. A project with gable roof 8x8 meters. Based on it, I drew my project - simply adding 1 more floor.
The foundation was poured in early September, a simple strip foundation 0.4 meters wide, buried 0.4 meters. A cushion of sand and crushed stone is poured under the foundation.
The frame of the building should be constructed from pine beams and boards. The thickness of the walls was planned to be 200 mm. The house itself was planned for living from spring to winter, but with the possibility of further equipment for living all year round.
Communications were planned to be connected as needed, electricity was connected to the site immediately, sewerage and water supply a little later.
It would seem that that’s all, but, looking at the other frame-panel houses built in the village, I didn’t want to look typical and standard, so the decision was made to increase the structure by one floor.
To reduce the cost of work, a schedule was drawn up and sample list operations, logistics and the work itself. And although it is said too arrogantly, the plan was almost perfect. Ideal, until I encountered the reality of problems.
The first mistake made in the debut was completely ignoring the option of buying a ready-made house kit for self-assembly. My arguments that you can order the material yourself, it’s cheaper to negotiate at a sawmill, people also make frame houses, turned out to be more significant than common sense. Then, during the work process, due to non-standard lengths and non-grade material, the material actually unraveled at the local sawmill and could have deviations in thickness of up to 1 cm, and this was for boards 25 mm thick. In addition, some of the boards were never put into use because they had waves when disbanded.
The second surprise was that the sawmill had restrictions on the length of logs of 6 meters, that is, 5.8 meters can be cut, but 8 meters cannot be cut.
The third mistake was logistics, it was lame according to all the rules, then there is no car, then it takes a long detour, then you definitely need to take the full quota, but what if you only need 16 m3 for a 72 m3 truck?
The main stages of work on the construction of a frame-panel house
A strip foundation was chosen for the construction of the house; in principle, during construction, a strip foundation buried 40-50 centimeters will fully withstand the load from the house. I made a pillow under the base from crushed stone and sand; for a more durable base I also poured crushed stone liquid solution 1 part cement to 10 parts sand. True, it turned out to be in vain, I just wasted material.
The foundation was poured at the end of August - beginning of September, so by the first frost the formwork had already been removed. In advance, pipes were inserted under the foundation to bring water supply and sewerage into the house.
The work went quickly and in the euphoria they somehow forgot about installing the studs in the foundation; later, when they were laying the first crown, they had to drill and install the studs with a hammer drill, which delayed the schedule by two days.
Waterproofing under wooden base laid from ordinary roofing felt. The material is beautiful, unpretentious and does not require special processing.
The rush and euphoria when pouring the foundation also emerged in the form of uneven surfaces. I had to level it to almost perfect condition with concrete mortar.
The first crown was attached to studs, although later I realized that it was possible to use anchor bolts, simpler and faster. The construction of the frame began by setting up the corners - here you can see that two 200x50 mm boards were placed on the corner, and secured with diagonal boards for stability.
We spent three days fiddling with the corners, first checking the vertical, then another day measuring the diagonals of the house. In the future, such thoroughness and painstaking work allowed us to avoid many mistakes.
We temporarily reinforced the frame with diagonal boards from the inside, it’s easier, you don’t need to jump inside the foundation, besides, the material that was brought in was stored outside the frame. Speaking of materials and storage methods. The first batch of material was purchased in the fall, after the foundation had been poured and the decision was made to store the boards and timber on. In the spring, with the start of construction, I had to move all the boards again to free up the foundation, so I advise you to immediately determine a place for storage, so as not to carry it around the site.
After installing the corners, we went to attach the vertical posts of the frame.
It is immediately necessary to make a reservation that when fastening the racks it is necessary to take into account the size of the windows, in my case I was lucky, the windows, like the doors, turned out to be the right size and fell into place without problems, but if I had missed by 2-3 centimeters, I would have had to order windows in a new way.
Having installed the racks, I dulled the timber for the floor. And here my arrogance surfaced: by ordering a ready-made kit, I wouldn’t have to worry about arranging the joints of the beams. Considering that my beams were 6 meters long, I had to make splices, unfortunately, here I had to think about saving more than usual, it was a pity, of course, because it turns out that I overpaid for the material and, moreover, punished myself.
It was decided to make the outer sheathing diagonal, in addition to the fact that the frame itself receives additional rigidity, and the desire to do it differently from others aroused undoubted interest among others construction crews, so I had to be distracted by master classes on diagonal lathing.
Three weeks later the structure looked like this:
Things went faster when “for a couple of days” we managed to persuade a competing crew to borrow scaffolding, a wonderful thing, light and reliable, the most important thing is that the sheathing and the entire second floor were installed in 5 days.
The erection of the roof, the installation of the rafters and their fastening were the result of a small act of industrial espionage. After spending a day carefully observing the neighboring area, simulating concentrated work at their own site, all the intricacies of the technology were clarified - the assembly of the rafters was carried out on the ground, according to one template. The rafters were pulled together bolted connection and reinforced with a crossbar (such a jumper at the top parallel to the attic floor).
For a more rigid connection with the beams, the junctions of the rafters and beams were additionally reinforced with a metal plate on self-tapping screws on both sides.
For peace of mind, additional supports were installed under the rafters.
The insulation of the walls was carried out by constructing a pie - the outer layer of insulation is 100 mm polystyrene foam with a density of 30, mineral wool is attached to it from the inside.
The foam is glued together assembly adhesive or foam, but cotton wool requires special treatment. The process of attaching the cotton wool itself looks like this - a layer of cotton wool is placed on the foam plastic and carefully stapled along the sides to the posts with a light tension. The wool itself is laid from bottom to top in two layers, so that the joints overlap.
The floor of the first floor was arranged in a similar way, except that the cotton wool was not stapled, it was simply laid on top.
The final step for this year of construction was covering the frame with siding and laying metal tiles.
Having hoisted the skate on the roof as a banner of victory, the main construction works the spring-summer seasons were over. Ahead interior work laying communications, and final finishing.
Is it worth building a frame-panel house yourself?
The question of whether it is worth building a frame-panel house myself has not left me since the installation of the first peg to mark the foundation. Actually, the question of whether or not to build faded into the background, the main violin was played by the dilemma of how to build a frame-panel house with your own hands inexpensively, without high costs. After all, in fact, construction technology can be learned by watching a training video or reading an article on the website. And the option of buying materials yourself seemed much cheaper. Today, having calculated all the construction costs, I can say that in terms of the cost of building materials and labor costs, the construction of my house is quite comparable in price to that of a specialized company, albeit of a slightly smaller size - 6x8 with an attic.
Today, many people purchase a plot for a summer residence in order to build a small one on it. cozy house. The ideal and most cost-effective solution to this issue would be the construction of a one-story frame-panel house with a plan size of 6 x 6 meters. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of frame-panel houses, many settle on this option.
A frame-panel house is a lightweight structure, based on dimensional lumber or a metal profile, and for cladding - specially treated SIP panels containing insulation. Interconnected panel elements make up external and internal load-bearing walls, interior partitions, floors and roofs.
Today, there are three types of technologies for their construction, videos of which can be found on the Internet.
Finnish technology uses ready-made block panels in construction. They are installed on an installed frame and connected to each other using a tenon method.
The shields are made from wood treated with special fire-fighting substances and antiseptics. The insulation in them is presented modern material, which provides the walls with low thermal conductivity.
The advantage of Finnish technology is:
- quick installation,
- excellent seismic resistance,
- high wind resistance.
At German technology When constructing a dacha, a timber frame is initially constructed. In this case, the timber is not covered by the cladding; it remains visible on the facade of the building.
Despite good insulation, used in similar houses, and high-quality cladding, such houses are not without drawbacks in resisting natural factors, one of which is the contact of the frame with external environment. Only periodic treatment of houses with special compounds or painting can protect oil paints, which do not allow the frame to collapse.
Canadian technology for the construction of frame-panel houses involves concealing load-bearing structures. Here the frame is not affected natural factors, and if necessary, you can replace the casing or its parts. There are antiseptic preparations with which the external fragments of the building are impregnated, providing them with a fairly long service life.
also in Canadian technologies applies modern insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing materials, which guarantee such buildings an increased level of energy saving and comfort.
Having looked at the video Various types structures, you can be convinced that frame-panel structures are quite acceptable in the form dacha option. For seasonal residence at the dacha, you can choose a lightweight one-story panel house 6x6. In case of permanent residence, the best option would be to build a house using Finnish technology with ready-made communication systems inside the panels, which use high-quality insulation.
Most of the work on furnishing a 6x6 house can be done by yourself. This may include:
- laying a light foundation,
- cutting sheet material,
- cutting boards and beams,
- roofing arrangement,
- installation of windows and doors,
- internal work.
Its advantages will be:
- Low cost. Compared to a brick building, such a country house will cost 30 or 40% less.
- High construction speed. As a rule, building a house in a dacha of this type will take no more than three months.
- The light weight of the structure makes it possible to install the house on light foundation. At the same time, technologies make it possible to install 6x6 frame-panel houses on any type of soil.
There are only two disadvantages of such buildings:
- Number of storeys. The technology of frame houses does not allow them to be built more than two floors high. As a rule, these are one-story houses.
- Impossibility of redevelopment. Otherwise, the entire house will need to be dismantled.
Having decided to build a 6x6 country frame-panel house with your own hands, you need to study in advance all the stages of construction, videos on the Internet about the upcoming work, and then carefully carry out all the technological installations.
Of course, making high-quality shields yourself is quite difficult. Here you need to maintain the required dimensions down to the millimeter, so it is better to buy these elements ready-made.
When purchasing ready-made panel products, you need to clarify:
- What technology is used in the manufacture of the modular structure.
- What type of insulation and insulation is needed for these elements of the future home.
If you build a frame-panel house with your own hands, you will still need to resort to the additional help of specialized equipment for delivery, unloading, and installation of finished panels, beams, metal profiles and other auxiliary materials.
Construction of a 6x6 country house is a very troublesome task, and in any case, it is beyond the power of one person. Here you need to have special knowledge, understand the subtleties and nuances construction technologies. It would still be better for the owner to turn to specialists and competently control all stages of construction work.
Having decided on the size of the plot at the dacha for construction, you need to think about the location of the frame-panel structure. The house must fit harmoniously into the surrounding landscape without interfering with neighboring buildings.
When choosing a construction site, the structure of the soil, the level of underground groundwater and the paths of their movement. 6x6 frame-panel houses can be erected on weak, subsiding and clayey soils. Preferably for construction site choose flat terrain.
Due to the light weight of a one-story frame-panel structure, a deep foundation is not needed for it. Styling will be sufficient here strip foundation. To do this you need:
- dig a two-meter trench.
- install formwork from edged boards.
- Place a layer of bricks, stones, rubble, broken slate on the bottom, cover everything with sand and fill it with water.
After leveling the bottom layer with your own hands, you create a frame of reinforcement, which is filled with concrete mortar.
To build the base of the walls on the foundation with your own hands, we first make an insulating substrate from roofing felt. Then, in the places where the timber is attached to the base, we drill holes and drive metal pins into them. Then we lay the embedded beams, two in height, to create the base of the frame. We make slots for the racks in the upper beams.
We insert the posts, pre-cut to size, into the holes and secure them with supports that connect the two frame nodes.
We secure all racks using jibs and check for any distortions or tilts using a building level. After securing the longitudinal beams from the timber, we erect external walls.
To build a house with your own hands without large financial costs - isn’t it true? tempting prospect? And if you think that it is real only for aces in the construction business, then you are simply not yet familiar with the technology of constructing panel dwellings. These houses require a minimum of finance, time and effort, so anyone can build them. You don’t have to hire a team of professionals, rent heavy equipment and wait months for your treasured home. All you need is step-by-step instruction, as well as photos and videos explaining the main points of construction. If you don't believe this is possible yet, check out step-by-step technology construction of a panel house - it will definitely dispel all doubts.
The first step is preparing the project. A panel house is very easy to assemble, but in order to also guarantee the quality of construction, you need to evaluate the entire scope of work in advance and streamline the processes, and here you cannot do without a plan diagram. It does not have to be very detailed - the main thing is that the following mandatory aspects are indicated:
- dimensions of the building: number of storeys, base width, number of rooms and their area, ceiling height;
- the location of the main and secondary rooms in the house;
- placement of main communications;
- calculation of materials for the structure: quantity, proportions and sizes of panels for panels, wooden beams and boards for the frame, as well as thermal insulation materials.
Panel house project Also at this stage you need to decide where the panel house will be located. As for the soil, even weak soil is suitable here, because the building will be light. But it is important that the site is level, otherwise construction will cause difficulties.
Foundation laying
The second step is building the foundation. Since the panel housing is relatively light in weight, a columnar base will be quite sufficient here:
- Carry out the markings: on the selected site, mark four foundation points that will outline the perimeter of the future house. Diagonally, they must be absolutely identical - deviations of even 1 cm are not allowed. Drive pegs around the perimeter of the site and stretch the string between them.
- Dig holes for mounting the posts. Their depth should be 20-25 cm greater than the freezing depth of the soil, and their width should be about 60 cm.
- Place a cushion of sand and crushed stone at the bottom of each hole: the height of each layer is 10-15 cm. Be sure to compact the cushions thoroughly.
- Place waterproofing in the holes. Thick polyethylene or roofing felt is suitable here.
Advice. Fix along the edges of the holes waterproofing material stones so that during subsequent pouring concrete mixture he did not end up at the bottom of the pits.
- Fill the holes with a 20-25 cm layer of concrete. Cover the fill plastic film and remove it only when the mixture has set.
- When the concrete has dried, start laying bricks - build columns of 3-4 bricks in each hole. Lay them until the columns rise above their holes by at least 20 cm.
- Fill the gaps between the posts and holes with crushed stone, sand or gravel.
Foundation for a panel house - Cover each brick column with roofing material or bitumen mastic on top.
- Cover the resulting foundation with a fence - low stone, brick or wooden wall. This will make the design more attractive.
Box construction
The third step is the construction of walls, floors and ceilings.
First you need to waterproof the foundation and install the bottom trim on it. Next, floor joists are installed in the decoupling grooves. Lay them at intervals equal to the thickness thermal insulation material, which will subsequently be used to insulate the base of the floor. Thin wooden blocks need to be attached to the joists from below - the rough flooring will be formed from them.
Then install supporting posts for the frame at the corners of the structure. After aligning the racks, secure them with special temporary jibs. Next, secure the top trim to the posts.
Construction of a panel house box Now you need to increase the frame - around the perimeter bottom trim install the already familiar racks in increments of 50-100 cm. Don’t forget to leave openings for doors and windows. Then lay the top joists - the roof will be installed on them.
After this, you can remove the jibs and begin filling the frame with shields. It is advisable to buy ready-made panels - with insulation and waterproofing inside. All you have to do is adjust the products to the size of your frame and install them in the free spaces. The panels must not only be fixed to the frame racks, but also connected to each other. To do this, use self-tapping screws. The corners of the structure must be covered with metal corners.
Important! All parts of the box must be carefully treated with antiseptic and fire-retardant compounds, otherwise there can be no question of the durability of the house structure. You also need to fill all the gaps between the panels and racks with sealant.
Erection of the roof
The fourth step is building the roof. For panel houses, it is recommended to construct a single- or gable roof - they are both absolutely functional and do not require large amounts of work.
The construction technology involves two main stages:
- Installation of rafters. First, fix the Mauerlat - a structure made of timber with a section of 10 x 10 - on the top trim. Prepare wooden beams for the rafter system. Each rafter is separately attached to the finished Mauerlat - at this stage you are already forming one or two slopes, depending on the chosen roof option. Roofing nails, self-tapping screws, and metal plates can be used as fixing elements. The rafters must be connected to each other with special toothed overlays. Installation step rafter legs should be equal to the intervals between frame racks. As for the size of the spans, this figure can vary from 2.5 m to 5 m - it all depends on the cross-section of the beams.
Advice. If you make maximum spans of 5 m, the rafters must be protected with supports.
- Roofing. As roofing material Metal tiles are most often used - they are characterized by strength, easy installation, attractive appearance and low weight, which is especially important when constructing panel buildings. Sheets of materials are mounted with an overlap of 15 cm. The tiles are attached to the rafters with self-tapping screws through the wave.
External and internal works
The fifth step, also the final one, is to perform various external and internal work.
The first step is to carry out network engineering and communications: heating, water supply, electricity, sewerage, ventilation, etc. Next, windows and doors are installed - you left openings for them at the stage of building the box. Then it is executed exterior finishing. There are several options here:
- vinyl siding;
- block house;
- lining;
- decorative plaster;
- a natural stone.
Working with all these materials is quite easy. The main thing is accuracy: so that you don’t have to dismantle the material later due to inconsistencies and unaesthetic appearance, always start finishing from the corner.
Panel house with gable roof For thermal insulation, use mineral wool - it is durable and can withstand a wide range of temperatures. To begin, cover the walls and subfloor with waterproofing - lay parchment paper on them, securing it to the work surfaces with slats. Then prepare the mineral wool and lay it on the walls and floors, securing it with wooden blocks. The latter are recommended to be laid vertically.
Next, lay the finished floor. As a rule, different variations are used for this wood finishing: parquet, flooring, edged boards, etc. And after that you can safely move on to the casing internal surfaces and final design of space.
Fast, reliable, cheap - this is how you can characterize the construction of a panel house. As you can see, the technology for its construction is indeed very simple and accessible. So, if you have been thinking about your own home for a long time, but are afraid to take on the construction of a traditional building, perhaps a lightweight alternative in the form of a panel house is just your option.
Today many people are interested in the possibility self-built houses. Why build a house with your own hands? Firstly, it will not be so inexpensive, and secondly, rare companies will be able to build a house “as if for themselves.” In this situation, the technology of building a panel house will come to your aid. Such a house requires a minimum of money, effort and time. Among the main advantages are low cost, the ability to carry out work even in winter, environmental friendliness, high performance energy saving, the possibility of architectural expressiveness, short construction times, high performance indicators, fire safety, as well as the construction of a house without construction equipment.
The concept of panel construction
Panel construction is the construction of houses from flat components with reinforcing finishing. For example, in Canada, people personally take part in the construction of their own home. This happens as follows: the family hires a specialist who controls all stages of the work and manages the construction. All construction operations are carried out by future homeowners. The population of this country lives a sedentary life, so during the construction process they try to convey “a piece of the soul” to their home.
The correct technology for constructing panel houses can greatly facilitate the work and minimize the requirements for the number and qualifications of builders. You can resort to the help of professional companies, but now it is quite difficult to find a company that has been operating for more than 50 years. If you decide to build a panel house with your own hands, you must strictly follow all stages and construction technologies.
Design
The first thing you need is design. You can do this work yourself or entrust it to architects. You can easily cope with this task if you learn how to use architectural programs. The most popular free program is Google SketchUp.
For this process, it is better to involve all family members to make the house as comfortable and convenient as possible for everyone. It is extremely difficult to redo a project after construction; the price of building a panel house after changing the design is high, so it is better to resolve these issues at the beginning.
Think about neighboring houses in advance so that your home fits harmoniously with the world. Decide on floors and plot sizes. Be sure to consider all power supply, ventilation, water supply, sewerage and heating systems. The size and number of rooms will also depend on these factors. For example, you might need separate room for the boiler room. You may need sanitary systems http://www.ecosan.ru/
Selecting a location
When choosing a place to build a structure, be sure to take into account the soil structure, communication routes and groundwater levels. Panel houses have the advantage that during construction you can also use weak soils(silty, additive).
As a rule, panel house projects are designed for a flat area. But it rarely happens that sites fully comply with all parameters. You can tie the project to the features of the area and, without changing the landscape, change the ground and basement parts of the house. Or you can change the terrain by creating a platform or terracing.
Tools and materials
Before you start building a panel house with your own hands, you need to acquire all necessary materials and tools. Clearly determine how much material and in what proportions will be needed for the roof, foundation, construction of walls and for each subsequent stage of construction.
Let's list the main tools for efficient and not too tiring work. You will need: Circular Saw, electric jigsaw, regular or laser level, metal square, 500 gram and 1 kilogram hammer, large pincers, screwdriver with two 19V batteries, hand saw, nail puller, 3 and 7 meter tape measure, medium and small light. You can purchase special books that will help you easily cope with the choice of tools and all stages of construction on your own.
Planning
The panel technology of building houses is that first it is necessary to assemble the primary structures. As a rule, this is done in special workshops. The base for frames is being cut in a carpentry workshop. required length, after which it is secured with staples, screws or nails.
The basis for the frame is the upper and lower horizontal parts. Vertical supports are installed between them so that they are at a distance of 62.5 or 81.5 centimeters from each other. It turns out that in this way you can build walls of any length. Openings for windows and doors can be defined anywhere. Planning a panel house does not depend at all on the gap between the vertical supports of the frame.
A wooden frame will take on all vertical structural loads that may arise due to its own weight and associated lateral loads. If you want to protect your walls from the effects of wind, you should watch a video about the construction of a panel house and strengthen the cladding of the structure. This task can be accomplished by finishing the frame over the entire area. In this case, you can use plywood, a board with a special direction of chips or chipboard. Thus, the external decoration of the walls will not only be durable, but also protected from external influences.
Construction of the foundation
Since the structures of panel houses are quite light, a foundation that is not very deep can be used. You can use the foundation in the form monolithic slab or tape. First you need to dig a trench required size to a depth of about 2 meters. The depth level may depend on climatic conditions.
After leveling the trench, it is necessary to install formwork, which is made from edged boards according to the width of the trench, and the height must be at least forty centimeters above the top edge of the trench. To prepare the formwork, you will need a grade 1 or 3 edged board 3.4-6 meters long and 20-25 millimeters thick, nails 70-80 millimeters and a block with a cross-section of 50x50 millimeters.
When everything is ready, bricks, broken slate, stones, etc. must be placed at the bottom of the trench. In this case, the layer thickness should not be more than 1/3 of the trench depth. Then the surface is covered with a layer of sand about 20 centimeters and the whole thing is watered. When the water has subsided, you need to fill the sand again and pour water over everything.
This procedure can be performed about 3-5 times. This will depend on how the sand is removed. If its level practically does not change, this means that all the spaces are filled, so you can start making the frame. To do this, you can use reinforcement, channel, pipes, angles, etc. To prepare the foundation mortar, you will need the following components: fine gravel, water, M-500 cement and sand.
If you want to cook concrete mortar, you will need a concrete mixer. The ideal proportions of the components will be as follows: sand - 75 kilograms, cement - 25 kilograms, gravel - 125 kilograms, water - 12-13 liters. If the concrete mixer is designed for a smaller volume, you can recalculate the components. The prepared mixture is poured into the trench and compacted. Try to correctly calculate the proportions of the composition so as not to throw extra money down the drain.
Construction of walls
After creating the foundation, you can begin building the walls. frame house and to the construction of the building. First of all, it is necessary to make an insulating substrate from roofing felt. This material is the simplest and most inexpensive. Roofing felt is carefully laid between the surfaces of the foundation made of embedded timber. After completing the work of waterproofing the foundation, you can begin laying the foundation of the walls.
A hole is drilled at the site of future fastening, after which a pin of dry wood, called a dowel, is driven into the joints of the timber. This is done to ensure the rigidity of the beam connection. It is necessary to ensure that the dowel fits into correct hole with tension. Such a connection can be used as a corner connection or for cutting a wall.
The base for the frame is built at a height that should be equal to the height of the two beams. According to the technology for constructing a frame-panel house, after laying the embedded beams, it is necessary to make a cut in the upper beam of approximately half the beam. Remember that the width of the opening must be equal to the width of the timber specified for the racks. Please note that the quantity seats should be equal to the number of racks.
Then the posts, sawn to the proper height, are inserted into the holes and secured with an inclined support - a bracket that connects the two frame units. When the installation of all racks is completed, it is necessary to secure the upper beam with pre-cut holes. Next, the upper ends of the racks are inserted into the grooves.
Please note that the distance between the grooves should be equal to the distance of the holes made on the lower (mortgage) beam. Be sure to check that there is no tilt or skew by operating building level and plumb line. After this, the racks are attached with the help of jibs, and the temporary jibs are removed from the boards.
Next, you need to secure the longitudinal jumpers from the timber using the same method - hole to hole, but assembling them together using simple construction nails length of at least 100 millimeters. Only after these steps can you start covering external wall without boarding up the openings of windows and doors.
Exterior works
For panel houses, there are several options for external wall decoration. You can buy metal or vinyl siding. Vinyl siding will not heat up quickly in the sun, and metal siding can be coated with anti-corrosion protective layer. IN Lately panel houses are often finished with a block house. Walls made of this material look like rounded logs and are not blown through.
Due to lock connection, it will be very easy to install this material. After installation is complete, the panels are coated with a fire-protective compound, which will make the material last longer. You can use panels that imitate timber. As a rule, they are made from high-quality, well-dried wood.
In the process of building a frame-panel house, you can use decorative plaster, which has an increased service life. Using decorative coating, you can achieve a wide variety of results, even simulating stone walls. Another finishing method is artificial stone.
Don’t forget about lining, the most affordable and simple version for finishing panel houses. But it is susceptible to humidity, so after a while it will be necessary to reupholster it. You can use a combination of various types finishes that will look very beautiful. Despite its appearance, any exterior finish will require maintenance and renewal of the protective coating at certain intervals.
When connecting the outer skin, you must be extremely careful so that you don’t have to redo everything all over again later. To do this, fastening the sheets starts from the corner and continues in a circle. After this, you can lay the finished floor and install windows and doors.
Interior work
Used for wall insulation various materials. You can use boiler slag, mineral wool, expanded clay or polystyrene foam. The highest quality insulation materials are mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Slag and expanded clay are used for winter temperature not lower than 20°C. Before insulating the walls, lay waterproofing layer, which is located between insulation material and the outer wall.
You can use film, but according to the technology of building panel houses, it is best to use parchment paper. It should be cut into strips required sizes, secure it to the wall using slats, and fix it “sheet on sheet” so that there are no gaps. If you choose mineral wool for insulation, the work will go very quickly and efficiently.
Mineral wool is attached to the walls of the structure using bars with a cross-section of 15x20 centimeters. In this case, it is advisable to stuff the bars vertically. It is recommended to fill the joints of the slabs with bars that are wider than those that secure the slabs mineral wool in the middle.
After completing the insulation procedure, you can begin interior lining. As is the case with exterior decoration, internal also has a lot of options. You can decorate the walls with paint, drywall, smooth wood or artistic painting. You can trim the walls with tongue-and-groove boards, which, when attached to the frame supports, are positioned horizontally.
The interior cladding of the house must extend to the floorboards so that when constructing the floor, the board does not go under the wall. In this case, if repairs are necessary, it can be easily replaced. As a floor for a panel house would be better suited wooden flooring or parquet.
Roof installation
The roof of a panel house is being installed traditional methods. As a rule, a rafter system is installed, then sheathing is done and waterproofing is carried out, after which it is laid roofing. If there is an attic, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier layer. The roof also needs to be insulated using the technology of frame-panel houses.
Complete roof installation includes a list of works on the installation of a roof frame, thermal insulation, waterproofing, vapor barrier, lathing and counter lathing, and installation of other roofing accessories. The start of roofing work is determined by the choice of roofing covering and the roof configuration. When choosing a roof, pay attention to the purpose of the building. If you are making a roof from metal tiles, in this case lathing will not be required, since the sheets of this material are quite rough and hard.
To fasten this type of roof, self-tapping screws are used. The sheets are applied to the base so that the edge of the sheet is 40 millimeters below the cornice. Thanks to this installation, a gap will be formed, which is necessary for ventilation. Any roofing covering has its advantages, disadvantages and installation methods.
Installation of utilities
Install engineering Communication doing it on your own is quite difficult. It will not be easy for an ordinary person to cope with this, so we recommend seeking the help of specialists. But if you decide to do this yourself, first you need to carefully watch the video about the construction of frame-panel houses and familiarize yourself with the “Rules for the construction of electrical installations.”
This extensive set of documents describes in detail all the stages and features of electrical work. After this, you need to contact your local energy supply authorities and get technical specifications to connect the house to the area's power grid. Approximately the same must be done when installing heating, water supply and sewerage systems. Still, it is better to carry out such work under the supervision of a specialist.
Thus, the construction of panel houses is becoming more and more popular every day. Such a house is beautiful, cozy and comfortable. Moreover, it can be used all year round, providing necessary systems protection and insulation. Before building a panel house, carefully study all the instructions. I wish you success!
