≡× MENU

• Interior
• Window
• Walls
• Projects
• The buildings

Constructions of frame houses made of wood. How to quickly and inexpensively build a frame house with your own hands. Internal frame lining

Filimonov Evgeniy

Reading time: 10 minutes

A A

How it works frame house. Stages of work. Step-by-step instruction construction. Myths of framers. Types of materials for interior and exterior decoration.

Before creating a house made of wood, you need to know the device in detail frame house. What are the features of creating a foundation? How a frame house is built. What does the construction of frame walls look like? Recommendations for frame construction. What are the advantages and disadvantages of frame walls. Features of the construction of frame structures. How to work on corners and top floors.

How finishing is carried out. How do they happen? interior work in a frame house. Features of the external cladding. Wall thickness depending on the region. How is waterproofing and vapor barrier performed? What does vinyl mean? metal siding. Nuances of lining and blockhouse. When using brick, tile and plaster. The nuances of using artificial stone and thermal panels.

Technology for erecting frame frames according to Canadian and Finnish technology. Step-by-step instructions for constructing a frame structure. Myths about frame buildings.

Frame housing construction is notable for the fact that houses are built very quickly.

They can be placed on almost any ground due to their light weight. There is an opinion that frame houses are temporary houses. However, it is not. If a building is built according to all the rules, it will last for quite a long time, and it will be comfortable to live in.

It’s not difficult to build such a house even by yourself. But for this you need to know the structure of a frame house.

Like every house, a frame house also begins with a foundation. Since the weight of the building is small, a shallow strip foundation is usually constructed, which is inexpensive and easy to make.

To build the foundation, a site is marked in the place where the house will stand. The site is being leveled. Marking is done using rope and pegs.

A strip foundation is called a strip foundation because it is a concrete strip that runs under each wall of the future house.

If the soil is good, then it is enough to deepen the strip foundation by 80 cm - 1 meter. But still, it is recommended to deepen the foundation to the depth of soil freezing. For Russia, middle zone, this is 1.5 meters.

Using the completed markings, trenches are dug to the required depth. Crushed stone is poured at the bottom of the trench, and sand is placed on top of it. This pillow is carefully compacted. The formwork is then constructed from boards or other suitable material. Reinforcement is installed inside the formwork.

For reinforcement, use a metal rod 10-12 mm thick. The rod is knitted using knitting wire so that the reinforcement is a lattice with a pitch of 25-30 cm. It is not recommended to use welding to attach the rod. The formwork is raised above the ground by 50 cm. This is how much the foundation will rise above ground level.
When the reinforcement is completed, you need to prepare a concrete mixture. Since the foundation needs to be poured at one time, it is best to use a concrete mixer to prepare the concrete. The proportions of cement, sand and crushed stone are 1/3/5.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeniy

Ask a question to an expert

In order for the concrete to be of high quality, washed sand with medium or large grains and cement of a grade not lower than M200 are used.

After concrete mixture ends up in the formwork, it is compacted with a vibrator so that the solution is evenly distributed between the reinforcement bars. If you don’t have a vibrator, you can use an ordinary bayonet shovel.

Now the foundation should gain strength. This is also very important stage construction, since the strength of the entire building depends on the strength of the foundation.

The structure dries within 4-6 weeks. During drying, in hot weather, it is recommended to cover the concrete strip with rags soaked in water. When it rains, cover with plastic.

After the foundation tape has dried and gained strength, you can begin building the house.

Construction of a frame house

The house is called frame because it is wooden frame, installed on the foundation. This frame is insulated and sheathed finishing materials. Outside and inside.

It is quite simple to build a frame house with your own hands. Below, around the perimeter of the house, a square wooden beam is placed. This is the so-called lower crown. It is placed on the foundation strip, on which two layers of roofing felt are previously laid for waterproofing.

Then, the frame racks are attached to the beam using a tongue-and-groove connection.

Use for fastening metal parts Not recommended.

Racks are made of timber and boards. The timber, which is installed vertically, gives the house additional strength.

But sometimes they make do with boards alone. The dimensions of the board depend on the planned thickness of the walls.

It is recommended to install racks of boards at a distance of approximately 60 cm from each other. The same distance is subsequently left between the roof rafters. Triangles of rigidity are made in the corners, which also give additional strength to the structure.
After the racks are installed, the upper crown of timber is mounted on top. The ceiling will be attached to the upper crown, and the floor boards will be attached to the lower one.

Floor installation in a frame house

Before laying the floor, a layer of expanded clay is poured between the foundation strips.

The floor can be made of wood or concrete. In the case of a concrete floor, a layer of concrete is simply poured onto the expanded clay, a cement screed is made, and linoleum, carpet, or some other covering is installed on top.

To make a wooden floor, you need to lay joists on the bottom crown, and lay floorboards on the joists.

It is recommended to make additional insulation from sheets of any suitable insulation. You can use both polystyrene foam and mineral wool. Penoflex or some other material with good thermal insulation characteristics.

In the case of a wooden floor, the insulation is placed between the expanded clay and the floor boards.

If the floor is cement, then the insulation can be installed under cement screed, and above it, under the floor covering. Of course, in the second case, the insulation sheets must be quite rigid.

Wall insulation

The manufactured frame of the house will be clad inside and out. Thermal insulation is attached between the cladding. This is the construction of the walls of a frame house.

Moreover, we must not forget that foil-coated polyethylene is installed on the inside of the house for vapor barrier. It is mounted between the insulation and the inner surface of the finish.

On the outside, reliable waterproofing must be made, which would protect the insulation from precipitation and moisture. It may be roofing material, or another suitable material. There should also be a vapor barrier, just like on inside.

If mineral wool is used as insulation, then these should be dense slabs. Otherwise, the vata will sink down under its own weight.

The choice of insulation must be approached responsibly. After all, the house should be warm.

External cladding

Many materials can be used as exterior cladding. For example, it could be lining or tongue and groove boards. The boards should be tongue-and-groove so that there are no gaps between them. You can also use ordinary boards, but they need to be mounted with an overlap, in a herringbone pattern. Can also be used facing brick. You can line the outside of the house with OSB boards and siding.

Interior decoration

For interior finishing, plasterboard is most often used. This material is easy to install, and all defects that may arise during the installation process can be easily puttied. A smooth surface is formed, suitable for both wallpapering and painting. However, for interior decoration you can use both chipboard and plywood. It's just preferable to use drywall.

Roof installation

First, the so-called “black ceiling” is made. To do this, a flooring made from various waste is attached to the upper crown. wood production. A layer of expanded clay is poured on top of the flooring.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeniy

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Ask a question to an expert

The rafters are attached to the top beam. The distance between the rafters is also 60 cm. This gives even greater integrity to the entire frame.

Roofing material is attached to the rafters. His choice depends only on the desire of the owner and the budget. This short description roof installations for a frame house.

Insulating a frame house with sawdust is one of many methods of thermal insulation of panel boards wooden houses. Considering the relatively low total price such buildings and the fact that sawdust is considered a shareware material, the benefit is double.

Before talking about thermal insulation of such wooden structure it is necessary to understand how they are built, what materials and technologies are used for their construction.

According to one technology, the frame of a panel building is made of wood. It can be a beam made from a solid log or laminated veneer lumber. A metal profile can also be used. After this, the frame structure is sheathed on both sides with boards, multi-layer plywood or OSB boards. But insulation must be laid between them. The outer side can then be finished with clapboard, block house, vinyl or metal siding. The interior of the premises in a frame house is usually finished with plasterboard, as can be seen in the photo.

The disadvantages include the fact that it is very difficult to make such houses with your own hands. Only qualified craftsmen with special equipment can assemble the “skeleton” of the structure correctly.

Also, frame buildings made of wood, as a rule, are no more than two floors. The living space is small, but for an ordinary family it is quite enough. And due to the device in the attic warm attic it can be significantly increased.

Besides, everything wooden elements it is necessary to treat with antiseptics, which is problematic to do with your own hands. And all factory-made parts of the house undergo high-quality treatment with anti-rotting agents - for this they are immersed in special large containers.

The walls are sheathed on both sides wooden material, between which it is necessary to lay thermal insulation material. This can be mineral basalt wool, expanded polystyrene (foam), expanded clay or sawdust.

Frame-panel houses

This construction technology is impossible without production processes. Shields are manufactured according to standard project, which greatly reduces their cost. It is possible to order panels by individual project, which will undoubtedly cost more. Such panels already contain insulation and, possibly, an external finishing layer (they may be without it). The panels are delivered to the place where, using lifting equipment, the entire house is assembled on a wooden frame, almost like a children's construction set.

Due to the short construction time, this option for assembling frame structures is very popular today, despite the higher cost of the entire project than when building on your own.

Factory-made wall panels and all other elements of the house meet all the requirements of quality and environmental standards.

In principle, both options for constructing a frame house made of wood cost approximately the same. In the first option, the materials themselves will cost a little less, but subsequently you will have to spend the saved money on internal and external finishing. In the second case, you will have to spend less on this work.

The first thing that needs to be said is the location of the insulation. It depends on the physical characteristics of the distribution of warm air inside the walls of the house. If the walls are not insulated at all, then warm air, passing through the wall structure, will gradually cool, which will ultimately lead to its freezing.

When the insulation is located on the outside wooden house the freezing point will move to the outer part of the wall, and under minus temperature in the end there will only be a third of it. If the insulation in a wooden building is located in a frame block, then in this case thermal insulation will reduce heat loss to 80–90%.

The conclusion is obvious - it is necessary to insulate frame or panel houses by filling the internal cavity of the walls with insulation, which is clearly visible in the photo. You can also lay thermal insulation indoors, this will further enhance thermal characteristics wooden structure and extend service life wall material.

Frame houses can be insulated directly during the construction process. After the external cladding has been installed, it will be necessary to lay the material in internal cavities. The work technology is selected according to the selected heat-insulating material.

Basalt wool

The main problem when working with this material will be its protection from moisture. To do this, hydro- and vapor barrier films are laid on both sides of the basalt sheet. Connect the individual strips overlapping, fastening them together with construction tape, as can be seen in the photo.

When constructing panel wooden houses according to frame technology vertical racks installed in increments of 60 cm. This corresponds to the size of the mineral wool slabs. In this case, it will be possible to place the slabs inside without cutting them. In regions with harsher winters basalt insulation laid in three layers. In this case, all joints between the plates must be covered with the entire material of the subsequent layer to prevent the formation of cold bridges. Next is the interior wall cladding.

In order to make the facade ventilated, lathing made of wooden blocks or metal profiles is placed on the walls. After this, hydro- and vapor barrier is installed, slabs are laid basalt wool and covered again with a vapor barrier film. Attaching insulation slabs and film to the facade of frame-panel buildings is carried out using special elements with a wide head.

Polyurethane foam

Only specialists can work with this material, since the technology for insulating panel houses with polyurethane foam involves the use specialized equipment. Despite this, insulating a wooden house with polyurethane foam is quite attractive:

• all gaps and cracks are completely closed,
• additional strength due to filling the cells of the house frame with material,
• maximum protection from the cold.

Sawdust

At the stages of construction of panel rooms frame houses Sometimes this “old-fashioned” method of thermal insulation of walls can be used. Insulation is not done with pure sawdust, but with a mixture of them with lime, cement and an antiseptic. More often this insulator is filled with underground space. But sometimes they are also used to insulate walls. In this case, they are laid in small layers with each one carefully compacted.

Insulating wooden houses with sawdust has some positive sides, the main one being the cost of the work. But the disadvantages are significant:

• fire hazard,
• labor intensity,
• low thermal stability.

When building frame-panel houses, it is better to use modern technologies insulation, which have already proven themselves from the very the best side. At correct implementation of all work, you can not only be sure of comfortable temperature inside the house, but also not to worry about the durability of the materials used.

Frame-panel house structures are a modern and prefabricated technology in construction, as they have more competitive performance compared to wooden, brick and aerated concrete houses. The basis of the entire prefabricated house structure is a frame made of wood or metal. The frame consists of the upper and bottom trim, vertical supports, walls, then there is external and internal cladding, inside of which there is thermal insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing, then there is external cladding.

Timber frame houses are very popular due to the relatively low cost of construction.

Advantages:

The main advantage of a frame house is the speed of its construction (2-3 months).

1. Short construction time: the construction of a frame house with a total area of ​​about 150 sq.m takes approximately two months, or even one, and construction brick house– 8 months minimum. The frame box is installed in 2 weeks, followed by finishing. These are prefabricated construction technologies.
2. The entire construction process is not so labor-intensive and makes it possible to preserve the existing vegetation and landscape on the site.
3. Required thermal insulation properties modern design with a fairly low wall thickness of about 25 cm.
4. Lightweight design does not put as much stress on the foundation as weight brick construction, which allows you to significantly reduce its cost. A house built using frame technology is most resistant to seasonal changes that affect physical changes in the foundation and soil.
5. A frame house allows you to install communications inside the walls.
6. Mobility frame system allows you to change existing communications.
7. Frame technology makes it possible to erect industrial buildings at a significant speed, which significantly reduces the cost of one square meter.
8. It is possible to install stoves or fireplaces and other enclosing structures in frame-panel houses, as in houses made of wooden beams. In terms of durability and strength, a frame house in some cases surpasses structures made of timber and logs. These advantages are achieved by using large-sized moisture-resistant panels - oriented strand boards, which give additional strength to the structure and create an enclosing structure that protects the wood from aggressive environmental influences.

Pie diagram for outer wall frame house.

Assessing the overall benefits frame house construction, we can conclude that this is more profitable production, corresponding technical specifications and operating requirements.

There are two types of house structures - frame-frame or frame-panel (panel).

To build a panel house, you need a pre-prepared foundation and the use of special equipment, such as freight car, for delivery of finished panels and a crane for installation of roof panels and fences.

Return to contents

Panel construction installation technology

Before you start installing panel structures, you need to prepare the base.

The first method is the main one, in which the base is made up of individual wooden trusses having lower and upper trim - logs on which the floor is laid.

The second method is to install the panels on a core made of logs, while the floor joists are not connected to the core and the walls of the house.

To build a frame-panel house, a pre-made foundation is required.

After fastening the panels and installing interior partitions and fences, the roof is erected.

The shields are fixed to each other with a standard tongue-and-groove fastening or steel corners and plates; after installation, the shields are fastened with a top frame made of timber.

The roof for a frame house is often trussed with ready-made panels. The rafters are mounted directly on the house.

The main advantages of building a panel house are time savings, additional strength and stability of the structure thanks to the frame framing. After installing the roof, the door and window blocks and interior finishing and enclosing structures are carried out, since no additional time is required for shrinkage of the house.

The frame of the walls is constructed from logs, the frame posts are fixed together by lower and upper frames and horizontal jumpers, and for additional rigidity, metal jibs are used between the frame stops.

Installation of roof trusses is carried out on side walls houses, and roof battens are installed on top of the rafters. The roof is then covered with roofing material.

The absence of seasonal restrictions significantly saves time when constructing a frame house. Unlike the construction of a panel house, the use of special equipment is not required. The price of building a frame house is 15-20% less than the price of a panel house. Architectural design has no technological limitations in comparison with the frame-panel project.

TO structural elements Such a frame house includes the foundation, frame and roof.

The choice of foundation determines the composition and type of soil, as well as the weight of the future structure. If the soil is silty or subsiding, then the foundation would be better suited slab. Wherein basement not provided. Thanks to large area contact with the ground, the pressure on it decreases, distributing the weight over the entire slab.

A shallow foundation requires removal of the top fertile soil layer by at least 0.5 m to reduce soil compression. The slabs are laid on a layer of sand. The weight of 1 square meter of a frame house is about 165 kg.

Return to contents

Necessary building materials for a wooden frame

• timber 100x100 (or 100x150 for northern latitudes) or logs with a diameter of 12-14 cm;
• edged board 50x100 (150) and 25x100 (150) mm;
• embedded timber or logs.

The moisture content of lumber should not be more than 15%.

la one-story house boards suitable for racks with a thickness of 50 mm, for a two-story one - 100x100 mm.

The choice of roof type depends on the project and whether residential attic space. The most popular are gable and mansard roofs, as they are convenient for covering with all types roofing material. The hip roof is suitable for regions where strong squally winds prevail.

They require high-quality roofing material, and it is also necessary to provide a system of thermal insulation and waterproofing.

This method allows you to solve housing problems in rural areas and quickly build up dacha areas.

In addition, the frame walls of these houses make your home reliable, warm, environmentally friendly and quiet.

The first timber frame houses

This type of construction has gained particular popularity and fame due to the possibility of using more economical materials.

When erected and installed on frame walls, it takes several times less wood than for cobblestone and log walls. Thanks to this feature, their weight is reduced and the house can be installed on.

For the inside of the block, a special polyurethane is used, or. Thermal insulation characteristics these materials are very high. This ensures less heat loss when heating the room. All layers can be joined into a monolithic panel using polyurethane glue. Holes for doors or windows in such blocks can be cut at the construction site.

According to their own design features frame walls made of small-sized panels are no different from the features of standard wall partitions. The only difference is that during installation, the panels are laid in one piece, and their joints are reinforced with a special silicone compound. For strong grip and fixation individual parts and elements with a lower beam, the fastening is fixed strictly at the seams and the inside of the assembled frame wall.

Installation of frame house walls

Installing a wall alone

The installation and installation of frame walls begins with the bottom frame. For this purpose they prepare and wooden beams. The lower trim is laid in a strictly horizontal position. All splice connections at joints and corners can be made half-timber if necessary. During installation, be sure to check the squareness of all constructed contours through measurements of the lower diagonals. Attach the lower trim with twists to the anchors embedded in the foundation.

Install the racks with a minimum step of 600 mm.

The distance between the racks for and doors can be determined by the size of the box of these elements. If necessary, their number is increased by adding window sill and overhead racks.

For strength and rigidity load-bearing structure in places where wall partition adjacent to the frame house, a special additional support is installed, which is reinforced with struts.

An upper frame is placed on top of the racks, connecting them together in half a tree. When building up the harness, its fastening is carried out strictly above the racks. The resulting frame wall structure, as a rule, they are sheathed with wood or other selected materials with obligatory gaskets and.

The construction of wooden frame houses has gained popularity in our area relatively recently, only in recent decades. And such a rapid growth in the number of supporters of such buildings is due to the very fast process of their construction and the possibility of using environmentally friendly materials.

The first frame buildings appeared during the development of the territories of America and Canada, then they became widespread in European countries. This type of building is good not only because the house rises quickly, but also because it requires much less cost and physical effort. In addition, if the facade of the house is decorated with one of modern materials imitating brick, wood or stone, then its walls will be impossible to distinguish from capital ones.

Interestingly, building with your own hands is quite possible even alone. Of course, the process will take much longer, but you won’t have to pay for the work of an entire team. If you decide to carry out construction yourself and complete it during a warm and dry period summer period, then you still need to start in early spring. In case the house is not completely finished until late autumn, you need to try to bring the construction to at least the rafter structure and the roofing material, since the building cannot be allowed to stand uncovered until next spring.

What is frame construction?

If we consider in general, then the frame structure of the house consists of a lower and upper frame, which fastens the vertically installed posts that form the frame of the external and interior walls. The base for the floors and attic floor consists of load-bearing beams made of timber. The rafter system is also constructed from beams, and the roofing covering is laid on it. It is desirable that it does not have too much mass.

Insulation is installed and laid between the frame elements. Its thickness is chosen depending on the region and climatic conditions. In any case, the thickness of the frame posts must correspond to this value. Most often, one of the varieties of mineral wool, ecowool, expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam is chosen as thermal insulation materials. Expanded clay is also used to insulate floors and attic floors.

How to insulate a frame house?

When choosing, you need to take into account not only the thermal insulation qualities of the material, but also a number of other factors - hygroscopicity, chemical and biological resistance, density, environmental friendliness, etc. And for a frame house, the flammability of the material and its stability are of great importance .

On the pages of our portal there are many materials that tell in detail.

After installing the insulation, the structure is sheathed moisture-resistant materials- it could be OSB board, moisture resistant plywood or cement bonded particle board (CSB).

Compared to solid wood, block or brick buildings, the frame structure is lightweight and does not require a massive foundation. A columnar or pile-screw foundation is suitable for it, and if you plan to arrange basements in the house, then in this case it is best to choose a strip foundation. Frame structure it is necessary to raise it high enough above the ground, so the base part must have a height of at least 500 mm. This is necessary so that moisture from soil, from rain water or snowdrifts affected the wooden elements of the frame house as little as possible.

Foundation for a frame structure

Any construction begins with a foundation, and as stated above, you can choose any type of it (except, perhaps, a monolithic “floating” slab - there is no need for it).

Marking of future construction and earthworks

Before you start digging trenches for the foundation or screwing in piles, it is necessary to carefully mark the area. This work should not be considered secondary, since the straightness of future walls, and the overall volume of work, will depend on it. So How Not have to make unnecessary efforts to remake the foundation if its exact coordinates and dimensions are initially determined.

• Marking is carried out using a tape measure, a square, and other simple geodetic instruments. Usually it consists of installing wooden stakes with stretched cords that visually show the size of the building and its location on the ground.

This kind of “blueprint” defines everything load-bearing walls structure if a strip foundation is chosen. If you are planning a columnar or pile-screw version, then you need to mark the exact location of each of the pillars (supports).

• Trenches can be dug manually or, if you need to carry out this process quickly, use a special construction equipment, with the help of which this entire operation will take place in one day.
• For digging holes under columnar foundation They use, in addition to shovels, ordinary hand drill or a motor drill, which will allow you to drill holes much faster required diameter to the required depth.

These methods are the most affordable, since if you invite large-sized equipment, then it is necessary, firstly, to have additional space on the site and free passage to the place of work, and secondly, the cost of such drilling will be many times more expensive.

• At the stage of digging a pit, sewerage is carried out. To lay pipes, trenches are dug to a depth below the soil freezing level in a given region. Then pipes are laid to the place inside the pit where, according to the plan, a bathroom or a ventilated sewer riser should be located.

If a columnar foundation is being installed, then the section of pipe running from the ground level to the exit in the house must be carefully insulated. It is recommended to build brick walls around it, and fill the space between the pipe and them with insulation.

Of course, this work can be carried out after construction is completed, but in this case it will be inconvenient - you will have to cut holes in the floor or cut through the foundation wall.

Construction of the foundation

In order to specifically focus on one type of foundation, you need to understand what they are.

Strip foundation

This type of foundation is a concrete monolithic strip with a reinforcement grid in its design. The height of the basement can be different, but if the house construction plan includes a basement, then the foundation walls are raised by 600 ÷ 800 mm, and in this case they will require insulation. When preparing the formwork, we must not forget about ventilation holes, which will not allow moisture to accumulate under the building.

"Classic" strip foundation

If you immediately take measures to combat rodents, of which there are always a lot outside the city, then it is recommended to make a backfill of fine-grained expanded clay around the foundation and inside it.

Columnar foundation

1 – foundation pillar;

2 – strapping beams;

3 – floor beams;

4 – subfloor logs.

A columnar foundation is a set of concrete, brick or combined pillars located in in the right order, according to the markings carried out. The supports are buried depending on the types and location of soil layers in the area and the massiveness of the future structure.

Are you choosing a columnar foundation?

For a frame house on stable ground - very good decision. All installation details can be found in a special article.

Pile-screw foundation

A screw foundation consists of metal piles screwed to the required depth at points, according to the markings carried out in accordance with the project. Top part the pile protruding above the ground surface is tied with a metal grillage or metal jumpers, and then with a powerful beam. This will become the basis for the lower trim of the frame structure itself.

The good thing about the pile-screw design is that the supports can be screwed in so that they protrude to different heights. This allows you to install the house not only on a flat area, but also on a rough area, with a difference in height - then bringing the piles to one horizontal level will not be difficult.

to the same height.

It will not be possible to screw in screw piles on your own - you will have to either invite several assistants, or use the services of a team of craftsmen “armed” with special equipment.

Prices for cement and basic mixtures

Cement and base mixtures

Construction of the frame Whatever foundation is chosen, it must be on top waterproof – platform (grillage, mounting plates or the top edge of the pillars or tape) on which it will be installed bottom beam

strapping, covered with roofing felt, which will create a moisture-proof gasket.

The roofing material is spread in several layers, preferably using a “hot” method on tar mastic, and it must be 150 ÷ ​​200 mm larger than the width of the foundation, since it must protrude from both sides.

Bottom harness

The harness is made of timber measuring 150×150 or 200×150 mm. At the corners, the elements are connected “in half a tree”, the bars are securely twisted together and secured to the foundation supports (strip) using pins or anchors, depending on what type of base is chosen and what material it is constructed from. Additionally, the strapping beams are fastened together with corners or other metal elements

, for example, plates. The same parts can be used to attach the strapping to the foundation.

At the end of this work, a rigid strapping belt should be obtained that can support the main structure of the frame. In the case when the timber used does not have the proper cross-sectional size, two, and sometimes three, parts are stacked one on top of the other. Moreover

If the wooden frame is mounted on a strip foundation, then it may not be too thick, but it is very important that its width coincides with the width of the concrete base.

Basement beams and flooring

Beams basement floor

Strength qualities of the frame in maximum degree depend on the quality and cross-section of the frame beams and floor beams. It is clear that they are trying to select first-class material. But the cross-section depends on both the length of the spans and the spacing of the parts. To correctly determine the size, you can use the following table:

Table of cross-sections of floor beams for a frame building:

Cross-section of 1st grade lumber used	Span length (mm)
	3000	3500	4000	4500	5000	5500	6000
Attic floor
Board
160×50	1200	900	650	500	420	-	-
200×50	1850	1350	1050	800	650	550	450
180×80	2400	1750	1350	1050	850	700	600
timber	Distance between adjacent beams (mm)
140×180	-	-	-	1800	1480	1200	1050
150×200	-	-	-	2400	2000	1650	1400
160×220	-	-	-	-	2500	2000	1750
Basement and interfloor ceilings
Board	Distance between adjacent beams (mm)
160×50	800	600	450	-	-	-	-
200×50	1250	900	700	550	450	-	-
180×80	1200	1200	900	700	650	450	-
timber	Distance between adjacent beams (mm)
140×180	-	-	1550	1200	1300	800	700
150×200	-	-	-	1650	1700	1000	900
160×220	-	-	-	2000	1900	1400	1100

• The next step is securing the basement beams. They, as a rule, have the same cross-sectional size as the strapping bars. The connection of the floor beams with the strapping belt is carried out “in half a tree”, for which cuts are made in both elements.

The beams should give the structure of the future floor rigidity and reliability. Therefore, if the building area is large enough, then often the basement beams are laid on the strapping belt for each room separately.

• After the installation of the basement beams is completed, for further work flooring will be required. And this is where many craftsmen prefer to install floors themselves and advise beginners to immediately install floors, both rough and “white” (of course, not counting the finishing decorative covering). However, with this type of work, it is necessary to provide that the entire floor area will need to be covered daily with a solid sheet of thick polyethylene film until the entire structure is protected from precipitation by the roof and walls.
• All parts of the lower belt are covered with antiseptic and water-repellent impregnation - this measure will extend the life of the building.

• At the same stage it is necessary to raise sewer pipe above the floor surface by 100 ÷ 150 mm. To do this, in each layer of the covering, it is necessary to make holes through which the sewerage pipe will be passed.

Sub flooring

• To lay the subfloor, skull blocks are screwed onto the lower parts of the floor beams, onto which boards or plywood sheets will be fixed.
• Next comes laying and securing the boards. For this, it is not at all necessary to purchase first-class material, but it must be well dried. It is recommended to install the boards close to each other - this will add insulation to the floor, since the structure will be less ventilated.

Installation of insulating floor pie

• The next step is to cover the subfloor and floor beams with a waterproofing membrane, which uses dense polyethylene. It is usually secured using staples.
• Next, mats are laid on the waterproofing or expanded clay is poured, which is no less effective than other materials. If you plan to make several layers of insulation, then the first of them is recommended to use fine-grained expanded clay.

• A layer is laid on top of the insulation vapor barrier film, and then attached to the beams or batten, or sheet material. For this, plywood or OSB is often used.

IN Lately often used instead of plywood cement bonded particle boards, which can be used not only for floor coverings, but also for walls and ceilings. The material has good technical and operational characteristics, is not inferior, and in some ways even surpasses its “competitors”.

The table below shows comparative estimates indicators of some sheet materials that They will give you a rough idea of ​​them and help you make a choice.

Characteristics	Rating the material using a 5-point system
Average score	2.9	3	3.3	3.6	4.1
	MDF	Chipboard	Plywood	OSB	DSP
Strength	2	3	4	4	4
Resistance to external aggressive influences	1	2	3	5	5
Dimensional stability	2	3	3	3	4
Weight	2	2	3	3	2
Manufacturability of machining	3	4	4	5	5
Manufacturability of painting	5	3	3	2	4
Defects: knots, delamination, delamination, etc.	5	4	3	5	5

Sheets of floor covering material are screwed with self-tapping screws to the floor beams. If insulation is provided in two layers, then logs are nailed on top of the beams, between which the second layer of insulation is laid. Then everything is the same - a vapor barrier is laid, and plywood or other covering is fixed to the joists.

It should be noted that instead of the last vapor barrier layer, roofing felt sheets are often laid with an overlap of 150 ÷ ​​200 mm, which are fastened together with mastic using a “hot” method.

Construction of the wall frame, top trim

Once the bottom chord is completed, you can proceed to the construction of the wall frame. First of all, you need to install corner posts, which usually have larger size in cross section than intermediate ones.

• The racks must be fixed according to pre-made markings, at a distance of 600 mm from each other - this is standard width insulation mats, but if necessary they can be placed with a different pitch, for example, 400 mm. You can attach intermediate posts, just like corner posts, in different ways:
• The racks can first be secured using metal corners, and then jumpers can be installed between them, which will create rigidity of the structure.

• Another option would be to install the racks on the strapping belt at the time when the floor is already installed, or before its installation.

— If fastening is carried out after the floor has been laid, then grooves are cut out near the floor beams. Racks are installed in them and secured to the beam and frame using self-tapping screws.

— If the racks are attached before installing the floor, this can be done using an additional part - a piece of timber, which is screwed with self-tapping screws to the inside of the rack and the trim beam.

— The third option is to install racks with diagonal supports (mitters), which are installed on both sides and screwed with self-tapping screws or nailed.

— The fourth method of attaching racks can be complete or incomplete cutting of the rack into a frame or into an additional reinforcing beam nailed perpendicular to the floor beams.

• When installing racks, you cannot forget about window and doorways. They are designated by transverse bars, which for rigidity are supported from above and below by additional reinforcing posts. Spacer bars will give the structure additional rigidity.

• Each of the racks is aligned with the greatest care vertically in two planes using a building level. Then they are all fastened together with temporary jumper slats, which will fix them in the correct position.

• When the racks stand rigidly enough, they must be united with an upper trim, which is nailed to the ends of the racks, and then additionally secured with the help of corners or spacer slopes, secured diagonally.

• The top frame beams should have the same width as the vertical posts. Their reliable fastening special attention is paid, since they will become the basis for the beams attic floor and, therefore, the entire rafter system as a whole.
• To ensure that the structure of the wall frame is strong, after installing the top frame, it is recommended to immediately cover the outside with plywood or other selected sheet material. The sheets are mounted on self-tapping screws to the vertical posts.

Prices for various types of timber

Video - The biggest mistakes when building a frame house

Attic beams and roof structure

Once the strength and stability of the wall frame is no longer a concern, the attic floor beams can be installed.

• They are fixed exactly above the studs of the wall frame. If boards are prepared as a material for this, then they are installed on the end, having previously made cuts in them to 1/3 of the width of the board, and the depth of the cut should be equal to the width of the beam or board of the top trim.

Fastening is done using metal corner, which is screwed on one side to the harness and the other to the beam. Fasteners are installed on both sides of the beam.

• Next, you can proceed to the installation of the rafter system. True, it is advisable to immediately install at least a temporary flooring on the attic floor beams, on which you can move during the work process.

Prices for different types of tiles

Roof tiles

Video - 11 important rules for the rigidity of a frame house

Insulation and finishing works

After that To Once the roof has been erected over the house, external windows and doors should be installed. This process is carried out before insulation work so that all cracks and gaps that may form during the installation of window and door units can be simultaneously closed. After this, you can move on to insulating the walls, attic floor and roof.

Walls can be insulated both inside and outside. For this purpose they are used thermal insulation materials, which have already been mentioned in our publication.

• If the walls are sheathed on the outside with plywood, then a wall is installed from the inside between the racks, which then must be covered on top with a vapor barrier film.

• For additional insulation Thermal insulation materials are also installed on the outside of the walls. To do this, a sheathing is screwed to them, between the bars of which the selected insulation is laid or applied.

A windproof, vapor barrier film is fixed on top of the insulation.

• Insulation of the attic floor is carried out in approximately the same way as the basement:

— cranial bars are screwed onto the floor beams;

- a subfloor is laid on them;

— the floor is covered with waterproofing;

- then goes insulation material(expanded clay, mineral wool, sawdust, ecowool, expanded polystyrene, etc.);

— the insulation is covered with waterproofing on top;

- boards or plywood of the “white” attic floor are mounted on top of it.

• It is also better to insulate the roof slopes, as most of heat escapes through ceilings and the roof. To do this, insulation is laid between the rafters, which is covered with a vapor barrier on the attic side, and then all layers are sheathed with clapboard, plywood, cement-bonded particle boards or moisture-resistant plasterboard.

The sheathing can be secured to the rafters or to an additionally screwed horizontal batten.

• Having finished insulation work you can move on to outer skin Houses decorative material. It can be chosen to suit every taste - it can be vinyl or metal siding, wooden lining, “block house” or other modern materials.

Siding with insulation is a solution to several problems at once!

The facade of the building acquires reliable thermal insulation, protection from weather conditions, and the house itself acquires completeness, neatness and individuality.

How - read in a special publication on our portal.

• Internal lining can also be done in different ways:

- plasterboard, making it perfect smooth walls for painting or wallpapering;

— wooden clapboard, making the house cozy and bringing into it natural freshness;

- plywood, which can also be prepared for painting or wallpaper.

Interior decoration of a frame house - at the request of the owners

In conclusion finishing works, decorative panels - slopes and trims - are mounted around windows and doors.

If a veranda or terrace was not planned in the project, then they can be added after all the work is completed, but it is better, of course, to build it together with the walls.

Electrics can be installed both inside the walls, even at the stage of installing the frame, and after finishing the cladding with decorative material. The latter installation method has recently been used more and more often, since it is safer and allows, if necessary, to carry out repair work without opening decorative finishing. However, modern technologies allow the use of other options.

Electrical wiring in wooden house- Special attention!

Whatever you say, the fire hazard of a wooden house is always higher than that of a stone one. Any “liberties” in electrical installation are simply unacceptable!

How to install it correctly is described in detail in a special article on the portal.

If you decide to start building a frame house, you need to remember that this will require a lot of free time, although incomparably less than with other buildings. The work will certainly go more fun and faster if there is a reliable and knowledgeable assistant nearby, or better yet, several. In this situation, it is quite possible to build a house in one summer season.

The main thing is to act in accordance with the technological instructions during the construction process when performing all types of work, to carry them out carefully, harmoniously and consistently.

And finally, to complete the overall picture, here is a video lecture on the main advantages and disadvantages of frame houses.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Video: frame house - “pros” and “cons”