Methods of loading and unloading trucks. Rules for loading and unloading cargo in Russia Prepare the vehicle for loading
A situation in which loading or unloading vehicle offer to produce to the driver, not so rare. If we consider it from the point of view of the law, we can draw several important conclusions that can be applied in various controversial situations. For example, if the recipient refuses to unload the car because “we have an agreement with transport company that the driver must unload” should not be argued with the recipient, but at the same time, the argument “all our drivers unload the cars themselves” can often be ignored.
First, you need to establish the legality of loading and unloading vehicles by the driver. The Charter of Motor Transport and the Rules for the Transportation of Goods by Motor Transport provide for this possibility. Thus, paragraph 8 of Article 11 of UATiGNET states: “Loading of cargo into a vehicle or container is carried out by the shipper, and unloading of cargo from a vehicle or container is carried out by the consignee, unless otherwise provided by the contract for the carriage of goods.” A similar rule, with a slight difference, is provided for by Government Resolution No. 272 of April 15, 2011: “Loading of cargo into a vehicle and container is carried out by the shipper (charterer), and unloading from the vehicle and container is by the consignee, unless otherwise provided by agreement of the parties.” .
The appearance in the Rules for the Transportation of Cargoes of the word “the ability to carry out loading and unloading operations by the carrier on the basis of an agreement” makes it possible for the parties to the contract of carriage or charter not to change the existing contract or amend it with additional agreements, but to distribute the responsibility for unloading or loading the vehicle by the driver using simple agreements (including oral - taking into account the conclusions from the legal position set out in the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court Russian Federation No. 16 of March 14, 2014 “On freedom of contract and its limits”).
In addition to the two “extreme” conditions - loading and unloading by the carrier or by the sender and the recipient - the Rules for the transportation of goods by road transport of the RSFSR allow loading and unloading of goods into a vehicle by the shipper and the consignee, respectively, with the participation of a driver (driver). In this case, when loading, the driver takes the cargo from the side of the car, and when unloading, the load is delivered by the driver onto the side of the car.
Thus, there are legal grounds for loading or unloading by the driver. All that remains for the parties to the contract is to correctly formalize such an obligation so that no misunderstandings arise during loading and unloading.
The procedure for registering duties.
Despite the fact that to formalize the driver’s obligation to load or unload himself, it is not necessary to include in the contract complex designs, many cargo owners, forwarders and dispatchers neglect to consolidate the verbal agreement reached in writing, which leads to unpleasant consequences.
In order to provide for the carrier’s obligation to carry out loading and (or) unloading on his own in the application or contract, it is sufficient to include the corresponding clause in it. Here it should be taken into account that usually the contract used by the dispatcher is template and its form is sent to all carriers for signing, without taking into account the specifics of transportation; you can indicate the carrier’s obligation to load and unload cargo in the transportation application. The main principle is the presence in the contract of the clear will of the carrier to load or unload the vehicle on his own, which can be expressed either directly or by agreement with the proposed terms of the contract.
If the driver refuses to load or unload the car himself.
In this case, the shipper or consignee should find out the reason for this behavior of the driver. It can be caused either by an error by the dispatcher (intermediary), who may not have indicated such an obligation in the contract with the carrier, or by failure to communicate information about the loading or unloading procedure from the carrier to the driver. In any case, after receiving the driver’s refusal, you should contact the organization with which the sender or recipient has entered into a contract of carriage or transport expedition with the requirement to comply with the terms of the contract and load or unload the cargo by the driver.
The dispatcher or forwarder, who has not indicated the carrier’s obligation to unload or load the vehicle himself, can either invite the carrier to do this when such a need arises, or, in case of refusal, unload by hired loaders, especially since such services are currently available in all major cities.
If the contract with the carrier provides for the latter’s obligation to load or unload on his own, but the driver refuses to do this, he should demand the fulfillment of his obligations in accordance with the terms of the concluded contract, and in case of refusal, unload by a third party with further imposition of the incurred costs on the carrier .
22. Safety requirements for loading, unloading and transporting goods
Labor safety when performing loading and unloading operations is ensured by the choice of work methods that provide for the prevention or reduction to the level of permissible standards of exposure of workers to hazardous and harmful production factors by:
– mechanization and automation of loading and unloading operations;
– use of devices and devices that meet safety requirements;
– operation of production equipment in accordance with current regulatory and technical documentation and operational documents;
– the use of sound and other types of alarms when moving goods by lifting and transport equipment;
– correct placement and stowage of cargo at work sites and in vehicles;
– compliance with the requirements for security zones of power transmission, utility and power supply nodes.
When moving cargo with lifting and transport equipment, workers are not allowed to be on the load or in the area of its possible fall.
After finishing work and during breaks between work, the load, load-handling devices and mechanisms should not remain in a raised position.
Loading and unloading, transport and warehouse work must be carried out in accordance with technological maps approved by the head of the enterprise.
Loading and unloading, warehouse and transport work should be carried out under the supervision of a responsible person appointed by order of the head of the enterprise and responsible for the safe organization and compliance with safety requirements at all areas of the technological process.
When loading (unloading) especially heavy, large-sized and dangerous cargo, a person responsible for the safe performance of work must always be at the work site.
Workers at least 18 years of age who have undergone a mandatory preliminary medical examination, labor safety training and testing of knowledge of labor safety requirements are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations and place cargo in the manner established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the sphere of labor.
Workers who have a certificate for the right to carry out work are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations and placing cargo using lifting machines.
Before performing work on permanent sites, workplaces are prepared for work:
1) the loading and unloading area, passages and driveways are cleared of foreign objects, holes and ruts are eliminated, slippery areas are sprinkled with anti-slip agents (for example, sand or fine slag);
2) the serviceable condition of lifts, hatches, ladders in warehouses located in basements and semi-basements is checked and ensured;
3) lighting of workplaces that is safe for work is provided;
4) workplace inspections are carried out.
The employee reports any deficiencies and malfunctions identified before the start of work to the immediate supervisor of the work.
It is allowed to start work after completing preparatory measures and eliminating all shortcomings and malfunctions.
When a crane is operated from the floor, free passage is provided for the operator operating it along the entire route of the crane.
Before using equipment and tools, it is necessary to verify through external inspection that they are in good working order, and when working with electrical equipment, that there is protective grounding.
For loading and unloading operations, removable load-handling devices are used that have a lifting capacity corresponding to the weight of the load being lifted.
It is not allowed to use faulty lifting machines and mechanisms, hooks, removable lifting devices, carts, stretchers, sleds, rolls, crowbars, picks, shovels, hooks (hereinafter referred to as equipment and tools).
Upon completion of work, workplaces must be put in order, passages and passages must be cleared.
Loading and unloading operations using lifting machines are carried out according to technological maps, work plans in accordance with the requirements of federal standards and regulations in the field of industrial safety.
Moving parts of conveyors located at a height of less than 2.5 m from the floor level and to which access is not excluded for maintenance personnel and persons working near the conveyors are equipped with fences.
When moving cargo on a trolley, the following requirements must be observed:
1) the load on the trolley platform is placed evenly and occupies a stable position, preventing it from falling during movement;
2) the sides of the trolley equipped with folding sides are in a closed state;
3) the speed of movement of both loaded and empty hand trucks does not exceed 5 km/h;
4) the force exerted by the employee does not exceed 15 kg;
5) when moving a load down an inclined floor, the worker is behind the cart.
It is prohibited to move cargo that exceeds the maximum load capacity of the cart.
When lifting a load with an electric hoist, it is prohibited to bring the hook cage to the limit switch and use the limit switch to automatically stop lifting the load.
After completing the work, tools and devices are put in order and put into storage.
Loading and unloading operations are permitted subject to the maximum permissible standards for one-time lifting of heavy objects: for men - no more than 50 kg; women - no more than 15 kg.
33. Loading and unloading of cargo weighing from 80 to 500 kg is carried out using lifting equipment (hoists, blocks, winches), as well as using slopes.
Manual loading and unloading of such cargo is permitted only on temporary sites under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe execution of work, and provided that the load per worker does not exceed 50 kg.
Loading and unloading of cargo weighing more than 500 kg is carried out only with the help of lifting machines.
34. When loading and unloading operations are carried out by several workers, each of them must ensure that they do not cause injury to each other with tools or loads.
When carrying loads from behind, the worker walking behind must maintain a distance of at least 3 m from the worker walking in front.
Loads are slinged in accordance with slinging diagrams.
Slinging diagrams, graphic representations of methods for slinging and hooking loads are handed out to workers or posted at work sites.
Loading and unloading of cargo for which slinging schemes have not been developed is carried out under the supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work.
In this case, removable load-handling devices, containers and other auxiliary equipment specified in the documentation for the transportation of goods are used.
It is prohibited to move a load suspended on a crane hook over workplaces when there are people in the area where the load is moving.
Loading of cargo into the vehicle body is carried out in the direction from the cabin to the rear side, unloading - in the reverse order.
When loading cargo into the body of a vehicle, the following requirements must be observed:
1) when loading in bulk, the cargo is located evenly over the entire area of the body floor and should not rise above the sides of the body (standard or extended);
2) piece cargo that rises above the side of the vehicle body is tied with rigging (ropes and other strapping materials in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer). Workers tying loads are on the loading and unloading area;
3) box, barrel and other piece goods are stacked tightly and without gaps so that when the vehicle moves they cannot move along the floor of the body. The gaps between the loads are filled with spacers and spacers;
4) when loading cargo in barrel containers in several rows, they are rolled along the sides or slopes with the side surface. Barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the plugs facing up. Each row of barrels is installed on spacers made of boards and all outer rows are wedged. The use of other objects instead of wedges is not allowed;
5) glass containers with liquids in crates are installed standing;
6) it is prohibited to install cargo in glass containers in crates on top of each other (in two tiers) without gaskets that protect the bottom row from destruction during transportation;
7) each individual load must be well secured in the body of the vehicle so that it cannot move or tip over while driving.
When moving loads manually, the following requirements must be observed:
1) it is prohibited to walk on stacked loads, overtake workers in front (especially in narrow and cramped places), and cross the road in front of moving vehicles;
2) manually moving a load weighing up to 80 kg is permitted if the distance to the place where the load is placed does not exceed 25 m; in other cases, carts, trolleys, and hoists are used. It is prohibited for one worker to manually move a load weighing more than 80 kg;
3) lifting or removing a load weighing more than 50 kg requires two people. A load weighing more than 50 kg is lifted onto the employee’s back or removed from the employee’s back by other employees;
4) if the load is moved manually by a group of workers, everyone keeps pace with everyone else;
5) when moving rolling loads, the employee is behind the load being moved, pushing it away from himself;
6) when manually moving long loads (logs, beams, rails), special grips are used, while the weight of the load per worker does not exceed 40 kg.
When moving cargo with forklifts and electric forklifts (hereinafter referred to as forklifts), the following requirements must be observed:
1) when moving loads with forklifts, the load is positioned evenly relative to the forklift grip elements. In this case, the load is raised from the floor by 300 - 400 mm. Maximum slope platforms when moving loads with forklifts does not exceed the angle of inclination of the forklift frame;
2) moving containers and placing them in a stack using a forklift is carried out individually;
3) the movement of large loads is carried out when the loader is moving in reverse and only accompanied by an employee responsible for the safe performance of work, who provides warning signals to the driver of the loader.
Long loads are moved manually by workers on the same shoulders (right or left). Raising and lowering long loads must be done at the command of the employee responsible for the safe performance of work.
When moving a load on a stretcher, both workers keep pace. The command to lower the load carried on the stretcher is given by the worker walking behind.
Moving cargo on a stretcher is allowed at a distance of no more than 50 m horizontally.
At placement cargo must comply with the following requirements:
1) placement of cargo is carried out according to technological maps indicating placement locations, sizes of aisles and driveways;
2) when placing cargo, it is prohibited to block approaches to fire-fighting equipment, hydrants and exits from premises;
3) placing cargo (including at loading and unloading sites and in temporary storage areas) close to the walls of the building, columns and equipment, stacking stacks is not allowed;
4) the distance between the load and the wall, column, ceiling of the building is at least 1 m, between the load and the lamp - at least 0.5 m;
5) the height of the stack during manual loading should not exceed 3 m, when using mechanisms for lifting the load - 6 m. The width of the passages between the stacks is determined by the dimensions of the vehicles, transported goods and loading and unloading machines;
6) cargo in containers and bales are stacked in stable stacks; cargo in bags and sacks is stacked in a bandage. It is prohibited to stack cargo in torn containers;
7) boxes and bales in closed warehouses are placed ensuring the width of the main aisle is at least 3 - 5 m;
8) cargo stored in bulk is placed in stacks with a slope slope corresponding to the angle of repose for a given material. If necessary, such stacks are fenced with protective bars;
9) large and heavy loads are placed in one row on pads;
10) placed loads are stacked in such a way as to prevent the possibility of them falling, tipping over, or falling apart, and to ensure the accessibility and safety of their removal;
11) loads placed near railway and ground crane tracks are located from the outer edge of the head of the rail closest to the load no closer than 2 m for a stack height of up to 1.2 m and no less than 2.5 m for a higher stack height;
12) when placing cargo (except for bulk cargo), measures are taken to prevent them from pinching or freezing to the surface of the site.
When loading, transporting and moving, as well as unloading and placing dangerous goods The following requirements must be met:
1) loading, transportation and movement, as well as unloading and placement of dangerous goods are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation of manufacturers for these goods, confirming the classification of dangerous goods by type and degree of danger and containing instructions on compliance with safety measures;
2) loading and unloading of dangerous goods is not allowed if the containers and packaging are faulty, as well as if there are no markings and warning notices (danger signs) on them;
3) places of loading and unloading operations, means of transportation, lifting equipment, used mechanisms, tools and devices contaminated with poisonous (toxic) substances are subjected to cleaning, washing and neutralization;
4) loading of dangerous cargo onto a vehicle and its unloading from a vehicle is carried out only with the engine turned off, with the exception of cases of loading and unloading carried out using a driven pump installed on the vehicle and driven by the engine of the vehicle. In this case, the driver of the vehicle is located at the pump control location.
Transportation of flammable liquids and gas cylinders is carried out by special vehicles equipped with spark arresters on exhaust pipes and metal chains to remove static electricity charges, equipped with fire extinguishing equipment and having appropriate symbols and inscriptions.
Electric vehicles for transporting flammable liquids and toxic substances may only be used as a tractor, and they are equipped with fire extinguishing equipment.
During loading and unloading of flammable substances (cargo), the vehicle engine is inoperative unless it is used to drive pumps or other devices for loading or unloading. In the latter case, measures are taken fire safety.
The use of flammable materials is prohibited for securing cargo packages containing flammable liquids.
When loading and transporting cylinders, the following requirements must be observed:
1) when loading cylinders into a vehicle body in more than one row, spacers are used to protect the cylinders from contact with each other. Transportation of cylinders without gaskets is prohibited;
2) joint transportation of oxygen and acetylene cylinders both full and empty.
It is allowed to transport acetylene and oxygen cylinders together on a special trolley to the welding station within the same production building.
Transportation of cylinders to the place of loading or from the place of unloading is carried out on special trolleys, the design of which protects the cylinders from shaking and shock. The cylinders are placed on the trolley lying down.
When loading, unloading and moving oxygen cylinders, it is prohibited:
1) carry cylinders on the worker’s shoulders and back, tilt and handle, drag, throw, push, hit cylinders, use crowbars when moving cylinders;
2) allow workers to work in oily clothes and with oily, dirty gloves;
3) smoke and use open fire;
4) to carry cylinders, grasp the cylinder valves;
5) transport cylinders without safety caps on valves;
6) place cylinders near heating devices, hot parts and stoves, leaving them unprotected from direct exposure to sunlight.
If an oxygen leak is detected from the cylinder (identified by hissing), the employee immediately reports this to the immediate supervisor of the work.
Vessels with compressed, liquefied or dissolved gas under pressure are secured during transportation in the body of a vehicle so that they cannot tip over and fall.
Vessels with liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, a mixture of liquid oxygen and nitrogen, as well as flammable liquids are transported in a vertical position.
When loading, unloading and transporting acids, alkalis and other caustic substances, the following requirements must be observed:
1) transportation in glass containers from the place of unloading to warehouse and from the warehouse to the loading point is carried out on stretchers, carts, wheelbarrows adapted for this purpose, ensuring the safety of the operations performed;
2) loading and unloading bottles with acids, alkalis and other caustic substances, and installing them on vehicles is carried out by two workers. Carrying bottles with acids and other caustic substances on the back, shoulders or in the hands in front of one employee is prohibited;
3) unloading and loading areas are provided with lighting;
4) the use of open fire and smoking are prohibited;
5) carrying bottles of acid by the handles of the basket is permitted only after a preliminary inspection and check of the condition of the handles and the basket and by at least two employees;
6) if broken bottles or damaged containers are discovered, transportation is carried out with special precautions taken to avoid burns from the substances contained in the bottles.
It is prohibited to carry out loading and unloading operations and placing cargo with acids and other chemically active substances using lifting mechanisms, with the exception of elevators and mine hoists.
Barrels, drums and boxes containing caustic substances must be moved on carts.
In the cabins of vehicles transporting flammable liquids and gas cylinders, it is prohibited for employees not involved in servicing these transportations to be present.
It is prohibited for workers to be in the bodies of vehicles transporting flammable liquids and gas cylinders.
| " |
To carry out loading and unloading operations with cargo transported by vehicles (hereinafter referred to as cars or motor vehicles), shippers and consignees must have loading and unloading areas with access roads to them, ensuring unhindered passage and maneuvering of vehicles, as well as the ability to work in dark time days with proper lighting of workplaces.
Loading and unloading areas must be equipped with devices for loading and unloading cargo; ensure compliance with fire safety, sanitary, hygienic and environmental standards; ensure the safety of cargo and labor safety of personnel working at these sites; have, if necessary, weighing and other equipment to determine the weight and quality of the cargo being transported, as well as telephone and other types of communication.
Loading of cargo onto a vehicle, securing, tying and covering the cargo, opening and closing the sides of the vehicle platform, tanker hatches, lowering and removing hoses from tanker hatches, screwing and unscrewing hoses at loading points is carried out by the shipper; unloading of cargo, removal of cargo fastenings and covers, as well as performing the above operations with the sides of the vehicle platform, hatches and hoses of tank trucks at unloading points is carried out by the consignee.
The carrier must control the specified processes of loading, securing and placing cargo in the body of a vehicle, closing the sides (hatches), etc., carried out by the shipper. If the shipper fails to comply with the carrier’s requirements for placing and securing cargo, as well as other above-mentioned operations, the carrier may refuse to carry out transportation cargo with reimbursement by the shipper of the corresponding costs.
In the event of a disagreement between the carrier and the shipper regarding the security of installation and securing of the cargo, the shipper must provide documentary evidence of safety with the signature of his competent authorized person, sealed with a seal.
Before starting to move and during the journey, the driver is obliged, if there is an objective opportunity, to control the placement, fastening and condition of the cargo in the body of the car in order to avoid its displacement and fall. If the placement, securing, or condition of the cargo pose a threat to road safety, the driver must take measures to eliminate the danger or stop further movement.
The carrier, under an agreement for the carriage of goods with the customer (shipper or consignee), may undertake loading and unloading operations on the terms provided for in the relevant agreement, taking into account the implementation by the customer preliminary preparation cargo, provision of parking spaces and minor repairs loading and unloading machines and devices, office premises for setting up locker rooms and rest areas for workers, etc.
Participation of the vehicle driver in loading and unloading cargo is possible only with his consent, as well as the consent of the carrier, in a manner that does not contradict the Labor Protection and Safety Rules for loading and unloading operations in road transport. In this case, when loading, the driver accepts the cargo in the back of the car, and when unloading, the driver delivers the cargo from the back of the car.
The customer must ensure that the carrier's vehicle is loaded in accordance with the type of cargo agreed upon in the application/order, its weight and quantity, as well as the time of work under actual conditions of cargo transportation.
When transporting goods with small volumetric mass the carrier, in agreement with the shipper, may take measures to ensure increased use of the vehicle's carrying capacity.
Piece cargo, the loading and unloading of which requires a lot of time, before loading by the shipper, must be placed in enlarged cargo units (transport packages), adapted for mechanized loading and unloading using forklifts, cranes and other lifting machines.
The schemes and order of formation of transport packages must comply with technical specifications for the manufacture, transportation and storage of products from manufacturers, as well as the Rules for the transportation of goods in containers and transport packages.
Loading, placement and securing of loaded and empty containers on vehicles is carried out in accordance with this section of the Rules and the Rules for the carriage of goods in containers and transport packages (Section XI of the Rules).
When implementing loading operations the shipper is obliged:
B) place loads evenly over the entire floor area of the car body, preventing eccentric distribution of load in the body and load along the axles in excess of the values established for a given car;
C) stack homogeneous piece cargo in the back of a vehicle, maintaining the same number of tiers and ensuring reliable fastening of the top tier of the stack;
D) place heavier loads closer to the axis of symmetry of the car body;
E) ensure that the center of gravity of the load is established as low as possible and in the middle of the length of the car body;
E) do not allow cargo with a higher volumetric mass to be stacked on cargo with a lower volumetric mass;
G) fill the gaps between the stack of cargo and the walls of the body using various fasteners (gaskets, inflatable containers and other devices);
H) when loading long cargo (pipes, rolled steel, timber, etc.) different sizes, different lengths and thicknesses, select them the same in each separate row, longer loads should be placed in the lower rows.
To prevent the cargo from tipping over or shifting in the body while the vehicle is moving, the shipper is obliged to securely secure it in the body of the vehicle using its own means of fastening, unless otherwise provided in the contract of carriage.
Choosing a means of securing cargo in the body of a vehicle (belts, chains, cables, wooden blocks, stops, anti-slip mats and others) is carried out by the shipper taking into account ensuring road safety, the safety of the transported cargo and vehicle.
Large loads that can only be loaded mechanized way, must have loops, eyes, projections or other special devices for gripping when using lifting machines and devices.
Securing cargo with nails, staples or other methods that damage the vehicle is not permitted.
The shipper (consignee) must provide, install and remove trays, straps, wire, other accessories and auxiliary materials necessary for loading and transportation, unless otherwise provided in the contract of carriage.
Due to the need to transport special cargo, the carrier, by agreement with the shipper or consignee, can convert the vehicle into a specialized one, taking into account the requirements state standards, rules and regulations in force in the Russian Federation.
Devices for ensuring the safety of cargo and carrying out loading and unloading operations belonging to the consignor are transferred by the carrier to the consignee at the unloading point along with the cargo or returned to the consignor at the loading point or other place in accordance with the contract of carriage or as indicated in the waybill.
If the carrier discovers that the stowage or securing of cargo on a vehicle does not comply with road safety requirements, as well as the requirements for ensuring the safety of the cargo or vehicle, the carrier must notify the customer about this and refuse to carry out the transportation until the customer eliminates the noticed deficiencies.
The time of arrival of a vehicle for loading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill and identification document to the consignor, and the time of arrival of the vehicle for unloading is calculated from the moment the consignee is presented with a bill of lading at the unloading point.
Loading of cargo into a vehicle is considered completed if the cargo is loaded into the body of the vehicle and a bill of lading is duly issued for it.
Unloading of arrived cargo is considered complete if the cargo is completely unloaded from the vehicle, a bill of lading, waybill and other documents for the transportation of cargo are completed, and all necessary work for body cleaning.
If the shipper or consignee has entrance gate or a checkpoint, the time of arrival of a vehicle for loading or unloading is calculated from the moment the driver presents the waybill or waybill to the consignor (consignee) at the entry gate or checkpoint.
The travel time of a vehicle from the gate or checkpoint to the place of loading or unloading and back is excluded when calculating the time the vehicle is being loaded or unloaded.
The consignor and consignee are required to note on the waybill and waybill the time of delivery of the vehicle to the loading and unloading points and the time of departure from them.
At the warehouses of transport and forwarding enterprises (terminals), loading and unloading operations and other work related to the dispatch and receipt of goods by road (preparation of cargo, fastening, shelter, etc.) are carried out by these enterprises, unless otherwise established by the contract of carriage.
After unloading the cargo, the body of the vehicle or container must be cleaned by the consignee, and after transporting animals, poultry, perishables and other goods that contaminate the body, it must be washed and, if necessary, steamed or disinfected. The specified operations for cleaning and sanitation of the vehicle body, by agreement of the parties, can be performed by the carrier.
The customer bears property liability to the carrier for damage to the vehicle during loading/unloading of cargo, as well as in transit due to improper placement and securing of cargo in the amount of actual costs incurred by the carrier to repair the vehicle.
The customer is obliged to ensure loading/unloading and prepare transport and accompanying documents within the time limits established by agreement of the parties and calculated from the moment the vehicle arrives for loading/unloading. In the event of excessive downtime of the vehicle during loading/unloading, as well as due to improper execution of transport documents or their absence, the Customer is obliged to pay the carrier a fine in the amount established by agreement of the parties, and in the absence of the specified agreement - in accordance with the Charter of Road Transport.
The basic standards for downtime of vehicles and road trains at loading and unloading points are given in Appendix 9 to the Rules.
From damage and spoilage. Let's take a closer look at these rules.
The type and number of vehicles required for implementation is determined by the carrier depending on the nature and volume of transportation.
The carrier must ensure timely delivery of a serviceable vehicle suitable for transportation in accordance with () and meeting all sanitary standards. If the carrier submits a transport that does not meet the previously agreed conditions, the shipper has the right to reject it.
Control over the timely arrival of rolling stock for loading, regulation of its placement, accounting for loading, use of vacant vehicles, recording the time of arrival and departure of vehicles is carried out by the Carrier or the Customer, depending on the adopted transportation scheme.
Before loading semi-trailers, van-type trailers, containers and tank trucks, the Customer is obliged to check the suitability of the rolling stock for transporting cargo. If damage is detected that may affect the integrity or quality of the cargo during transportation, the Customer has the right to refuse to load the cargo onto this rolling stock.
When loading and unloading at cargo points, the following types of vehicle arrangement can be used:
- lateral placement– loading and unloading is carried out through the side of the vehicle;
- end arrangement a – loading and unloading is carried out through the rear side of the vehicle;
- oblique arrangement– loading and unloading is carried out simultaneously through the rear and side sides of the vehicle.
Loading, fastening, covering, tying and unloading the vehicle, removing fastenings and coverings must be carried out by the Customer.
Opening and closing tank hatches, turning pumps on or off, and manipulating the hose installed on a truck must be performed by the driver.
The Carrier, in agreement with the Customer, may undertake loading and unloading operations. The driver can be involved in this work only with his consent. When loading, the driver can accept cargo from the side of the vehicle, and when unloading, deliver it onto the side of the vehicle.
If the Carrier has undertaken loading and unloading, he is responsible for the safety of the cargo during the performance of these works.
The customer must maintain loading and unloading areas, as well as access roads to them, in proper condition.
Additional equipment of trucks for the transportation of specific cargo can be made by the Customer only in agreement with the Carrier.
Loading and unloading operations with cargo weighing more than 50 kg and requiring lifting of cargo to a height of over 2 m must be carried out with use of mechanization means ().
When loading in bulk, the cargo should not rise above the level of the sides. If necessary, the main sides need to be increased, but overall height rolling stock with cargo should not be more than 4 meters from the road surface, otherwise this cargo will be considered.
Loads should be placed and secured in such a way as to prevent them from falling, dragging, or the possibility of injury to accompanying persons.
Piece cargo that exceeds the height of the body sides should be tied with strong, serviceable rigging (ropes, ropes). It is prohibited to tie loads with metal cables and wire.
Boxes, barrels and other piece goods must be loaded in such a way as to prevent the possibility of them moving during sudden braking, starting off, or on sharp turns. To do this, it is forbidden to leave gaps between them. They need to be filled out wooden spacers and spacers of appropriate strength and length.
Between fragile goods (glass, ceramic products, enamel and aluminum cookware etc.) lay straw, wood shavings or other materials that can protect them from combat and damage.
Loading cargo with special (“Caution”, “Glass”, “Do not throw”, “Top”, “Do not tip”) must be carried out especially carefully. They must be placed in the body in such a way that these inscriptions are visible when unloading.
When loading light or heavy loads into a vehicle, the heavy ones should be placed at the bottom and the light ones at the top. must be evenly distributed between the trailer and the vehicle.
The driver is obliged to check the securing of the load on the rolling stock to ensure the safety of the load, the vehicle and traffic safety conditions. If any deficiencies are identified in securing and placing the cargo, the driver is obliged to inform the Customer about this. The shipper is obliged, at the request of the driver, to eliminate all deficiencies identified by him.
The driver must also check that the dimensions of the cargo comply with the dimensions indicated in.
The customer is obliged to monitor compliance with labor protection legislation, as well as safety standards during loading and unloading operations. He bears full responsibility for the consequences of failure to comply with these legislative acts. If, according to the contract, loading and unloading operations are performed by the Carrier, then all obligations to comply with the law and responsibility for the consequences of their failure lie with him.
The time of arrival of the rolling stock for loading is established from the moment when the driver at the loading point submitted, and the time of arrival of the vehicle for unloading is established from the moment the driver presents the bill of lading (waybill) at the unloading point.
These are the basic rules for loading and unloading cargo, compliance with which will protect you from various negative consequences.
Loading and unloading of goods is carried out in accordance with the rules of loading and unloading operations, set out in the Charter of Motor Transport (Federal Law No. 259 of November 8, 2011). Additionally, safety regulations for loading and unloading operations are specified in job descriptions and in the Labor Safety Rules approved by the Ministry of Labor on September 17, 2014 by order No. 642n.
Cargo loading rules
Safety during loading is impossible without compliance with the following standards:
In our company, loaders work quickly and smoothly!
Limit loads (for loaders). You can manually carry no more than 50 kg over a distance of no more than 25 m, or 80 kg, provided that the loader carries the load on his back. Loads over 80 kg and up to 500 kg are transported on trolleys or stackers. Loads weighing over 500 kg are transported only with the help of truck cranes.
Requirements for loaders and riggers. Must undergo training in labor protection, fire safety, electrical safety, and have permission to work on special-purpose lifting equipment. Once a year they must undergo a medical examination. Provided with special clothing and by individual means protection.
We have our own fleet of vehicles and a permanent staff of loaders and riggers
Requirements for the operation of special equipment. Trucks with a carrying capacity of more than 3 tons must undergo technical inspections at least once a year. Motor vehicles for the transportation of dangerous goods - once every six months. Cars with a carrying capacity of less than 3 tons “younger” than 3 years are exempt from maintenance; those older than 3 and up to 7 years are subject to maintenance 2 times a year; those over 7 years old - every year.
Types of cargo. They are non-hazardous, large and dangerous. Non-hazardous are food products, building materials, piece goods that do not require specific measures during loading. Loads with a length of more than 12 m, a width of more than 2.5 m, and a height of more than 4 m are considered bulky. Loading requires the use of special equipment - truck cranes, manipulators, winches. Finally, dangerous goods must be loaded (unloaded) in accordance with the ADR Rules and in accordance with the narrow specifics of each of them.
Loading dangerous goods
The following types of cargo are classified as dangerous:
- Explosives. Rockets, pyrotechnics, dynamite, torpedoes, mines, ammunition, etc.
- Gases. Liquefied gas in cylinders - for example, propane-butane, nitrogen, ammonia, chlorine, oxygen. This also includes varnishes and deodorants in the form of aerosols.
- Flammable liquids. Methanol, alcohol, acetone, oil, gasoline, kerosene, printing inks, solvents for large-format printing. This includes diesel and heating oil.
- Flammable materials. Sulfur, coal, papers and fabrics impregnated with oils - if their content exceeds 5% of the total volume of materials. Other examples are white and yellow phosphorus, cotton, fishmeal, sodium, potassium.
- Oxides and peroxides. In household use, these are ammonium nitrate fertilizers, hydrogen peroxide, and bleaches.
- Toxic and infectious substances. These are poisons (for example, for rodents) and strains of pathogens for scientific research.
- Radioactive substances. These are not only waste and materials from the nuclear industry, but also diagnostic devices (tomographs) and flaw detection.
- Corrosive substances. First of all, these are varnishes and paints for outdoor use, mercury, alkalis, acid - sulfuric, citric, oxalic, etc. May cause burns to the skin or lungs if vapors are inhaled.
- Others. For example, asbestos, asphalt or other substances that generate a lot of dust, lithium batteries, car batteries, dry ice, magnets or magnetized materials.
Loading and unloading highly hazardous substances
Loading and unloading of dangerous goods is carried out under the constant supervision of a responsible person, which is delegated from the shipper or consignee (by agreement). Among other aspects of loading and unloading dangerous goods, the following must be noted:
- Loading is carried out in accordance with the diagram (instructions) of the manufacturer or shipper. Third parties are not allowed to be present during loading (shipment). The same applies to the driver, who must be outside the loading and unloading area. The vehicle engine is switched off except when it is being driven refrigeration units, pumps, etc.
- Loading areas must be located no closer than 50 m from roads and no closer than 125 m from residential, administrative and industrial buildings. Only one vehicle at a time is allowed to be unloaded. If special equipment is involved, then electric cranes must be grounded, vehicles must be grounded liquid fuel equipped with spark arrestors and fire extinguishers.
- All work must be carried out exclusively by certified personnel, familiar with officials and production instructions, fire safety and sanitary hygiene requirements. Uncertified personnel are not allowed to work. Special clothing required.
- Dangerous goods must be protected inert sealed packaging and marked according to ADR rules.
