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Bathhouse made of laminated timber: advantages, construction features. Projects of bathhouses made of laminated veneer lumber. Bathhouse made of laminated veneer lumber: main points of construction Arrangement of door and window openings, ceilings

The topic of this article is a bathhouse made of laminated veneer lumber. We have to find out whether this material differs in terms of construction from alternatives; does it need internal lining and insulation; finally, on what foundation is it better to build a bathhouse?

So let's get started.

Foundation

The general principles of laying foundations were formulated a long time ago:

• On stable soils, shallow foundations are used. In this case, the pressure on the ground should not exceed the bearing capacity of the soil at the construction site.
• Heaving soils force the foundation to be laid below the freezing point. Otherwise, heaving of the freezing soil can cause deformation of the walls of the building.

However, houses and bathhouses made of laminated veneer lumber (as, indeed, all wooden structures) is distinguished by its low weight. If the foundation is sufficiently rigid, even when laid to a shallow depth, it will withstand soil heaving without damage: in fact, the strip foundation will become so-called floating.

In addition: a bathhouse and a house made of laminated timber can easily withstand minor movements of the foundation without damage due to the strength of the walls, where the crowns are securely connected to each other.

Hence the types of foundations used in construction:

• Shallow tape has maximum bearing capacity and can be used on unstable soils. It distributes the mass of the house over the ground surface as evenly as possible.
• A columnar foundation is used on flat areas with non-heaving soils. The price of this foundation is minimal; Its construction with your own hands is more than simple and comes down to the construction of brick columns 40-70 cm high on a sand bedding.
• Screw piles are notable for the fact that they allow the mass of a structure to be transferred from upper layers soil (chernozem or plastic clay) to denser lower ones. What’s especially nice is that the screw device does not require earthworks and possibly in areas with a large slope.

Features of the material

Do bathhouse projects made from laminated veneer lumber differ in any way from projects that involve the use of solid material?

There is no practical difference for the builder at the stage of wall construction.

The advantages of laminated veneer lumber appear a little later:

• The change in timber volume over the entire service life does not exceed 1 percent. As a result, after construction there is no long wait for the walls to shrink. All construction, including the installation of windows and doors, can be completed in one step.
• Fire resistance is much higher than that of solid wood structures. This is a significant advantage for a bathhouse.
• There is no need to worry about wall deformation due to humidity fluctuations. Glued laminated timber holds its shape perfectly.
• The appearance of through cracks through which heat escapes is impossible. Adhesive joints in the timber prevent cracks from spreading from lamella to lamella; their vertical location limits the maximum depth of one crack to 1/3 - 1/5 of the wall thickness.

A nice bonus is the quality of the surface of the timber. It is not inferior to furniture, which allows you to use wood texture as a design element of the room.

Is laminated timber absolutely suitable for a bathhouse? Funky scary stories about phenol-formaldehydes and styrene, the reader cannot help but wonder about safety. Will the material release harmful substances when heated?

No, you don't have to worry about your health.

There are several reasons for this.

• Polyurethane and melamine adhesives used in the production of timber are not toxic. For example, the lethal dose of melamine for a rat is more than three grams per kilogram of its own weight. Table salt has approximately the same degree of toxicity.
• The glue content as a percentage of the total weight of the timber is negligible compared to common OSB and chipboard.
• The adhesive joints are located inside the timber and do not come into contact with the air inside or outside the room.

Cladding and insulation

Should the design of a bathhouse made of laminated veneer lumber include internal lining and additional insulation?

Arguments

The problem has more than one side.

Let's try to weigh the arguments and counterarguments.

• Insulation and lining will increase the already considerable cost of the log house.
• Cladding and insulation will reduce usable area steam rooms When we are talking about a volume of units of cubic meters, the thickness of the insulation and lining no longer seems negligible.
• On the other side, wooden wall 10-15 centimeters thick has relatively low thermal insulation qualities. A 10-centimeter-thick insulation will improve them at least twice.

Note: heat loss with a fixed thermal resistance of the enclosing structure is directly proportional to the temperature difference with the street.
It is clear that a steam room with a temperature of over a hundred degrees will lose much more thermal energy than a residential building with its 20-25C.

For a steam room, 80 degrees is a moderate temperature.

• Finally, most of Glued laminated timber in our country is made from spruce and pine. These types of wood are not only hygroscopic, but also susceptible to rotting. Yes, antiseptic impregnations partly solve the problem; however in the heat damp room they will inevitably be washed out. In addition, due to changes in temperature and humidity inner surface the timber will quickly lose its original luster.
• Finally, spruce and pine are resinous species. When heated, they will inevitably stain visitors to the steam room.

Traditionally, instructions for thermal insulation of walls look like this:

• With a wall thickness of 200 millimeters or more, the bathhouse does not require additional insulation. If cladding is done from the inside, it is done solely to protect the walls from moisture.
• With a smaller thickness, the bathhouse is insulated with a layer of mineral wool of 100-150 millimeters.

Implementation

Let's formulate the conditions that insulation and cladding must meet.

• A house with a bathhouse made of laminated veneer lumber is fundamentally insulated different ways. If wooden house is insulated from the outside, and the insulation is made vapor-permeable, then in the bathhouse the internal lining must be separated from internal insulation walls with vapor-impermeable material. Otherwise, the walls will begin to rot, and the effectiveness of thermal insulation will sharply decrease.
• As a rule, lining made from rot-resistant wood species with minimal thermal conductivity is used as cladding. A typical solution is linden, which retains its original appearance and characteristic aroma for a long time.
• The lining must be ventilated - both from the front and from the back. Gaps are necessary between it and the vapor barrier.

• Insulation and vapor barrier must withstand heating up to 100-120 degrees without deformation or changes in physical and chemical properties.

How to achieve all the above conditions?

1. The sheathing is placed on the walls, perpendicular to the direction of the lining. The distance between the side surfaces is 59 centimeters.
2. Between the beams of the sheathing, mats of basalt wool are installed spaced apart.
3. The insulation overlaps vapor barrier film or, which is much better, heat-resistant foam insulation with a foil surface. The reflective layer should face the inside of the steam room. In this case, we will reduce heat loss due to infrared radiation to almost zero.
   The strips of material are attached horizontally, from bottom to top, with an overlap of at least 5 centimeters. Then the seams are carefully taped with aluminum tape.
4. A counter-lattice is placed on top of the vapor barrier - slats 1.5 - 2 centimeters thick. They will provide a ventilation gap.
5. The walls are covered with clapboard along the counter-lattice. At the same time, gaps about 20 millimeters wide remain at the bottom and top of each wall, ensuring air circulation behind the cladding.

Own bathhouse- it's convenient and practical. At any time you can take a steam bath, sit on the veranda, drinking aromatic tea. Of course, you can go to a paid bathhouse, but this pleasure is not cheap. You need to pay for every hour, so you will have to constantly look at the clock, but in your own bathhouse you can relax and fully enjoy your vacation.

For the construction of baths they use different materials, the most popular of which is currently timber. are also divided into several types, depending on what type of material is used: solid, profiled or glued.

Each of these types has both advantages and disadvantages; the most popular at the moment is laminated veneer lumber.

Bathhouse made of laminated timber: advantages and disadvantages

Among the variety of material options for building a bathhouse, laminated veneer lumber occupies a special place. A bathhouse made of laminated timber retains heat much better, in addition, this material can be fully called environmentally friendly, because it contains significantly less adhesive than chipboard or OSB. Of course, if you compare it with other types of timber, then laminated timber is inferior in this regard, but thanks to the glue, the material is less susceptible to rotting and cracking.

Advantages of laminated veneer lumber for bathhouse construction:

• aesthetic appearance. A bathhouse made of this material does not require mandatory external and internal finishing. For example, at ordinary timber you may encounter surface defects that can ruin general form premises, laminated veneer lumber is characterized by the uniformity and smoothness of the material. Just look at the photo of a bathhouse made of laminated veneer lumber, and you will be convinced that the construction looks beautiful and neat;
• simplicity of finishing work. If, nevertheless, a decision was made to begin external or, work can begin immediately after completion of construction, because Glued laminated timber gives minimal shrinkage - only 2%. As an example, we can compare it with a rounded log, which gives 20% shrinkage, which can greatly affect the finishing work after its completion;
• free choice of foundation. It is no secret that a special item of construction costs is the construction of the foundation. By choosing laminated veneer lumber as the material for building a bathhouse, you save yourself from the need to use a massive foundation; columnar, strip and pile types of foundations will cope with this task perfectly. This is possible due to the lightness of the material, specific gravity which to a large extent less weight other building materials, for example, blocks and bricks, it ranges from 400 to 500 kg per 1 cubic meter with a maximum humidity of 12%;
• excellent quality. Glued laminated timber does not crack or dry out, which eliminates the need for puttying and caulking;
• Possibility of various configurations. The material can be used in the construction of a bathhouse of any configuration (with a balcony, terrace, attic, etc.), as well as with different amounts premises;
• saving money. If you assemble a bathhouse from laminated timber according to the right technology, you can avoid the need for additional insulation and, as a result, expenses for it;
• woody aroma. A sauna made of laminated timber will always have a cozy atmosphere and the smell of fresh wood. Undoubtedly, this will make the process of visiting the bathhouse even more enjoyable!

The disadvantages of laminated veneer lumber include the presence of glue in the composition, which reduces its environmental friendliness and also impairs air exchange and moisture circulation. In addition, prices for laminated veneer lumber are 2-3 times higher than for non-profiled material.

How to choose laminated timber for building a bathhouse?

This material is made from lamellas by gluing and pressing. The slats are folded in the opposite direction of the grain, which provides additional strength finished timber. The following special compounds are used for gluing:

• D3 - carpentry adhesive composition;
• D4 - waterproof glue;
• D4+++ is a waterproof adhesive with enhanced properties.

Timber with glue class D3 is not suitable for building a bathhouse.

The slats are made from various breeds wood, the most budget options are pine and spruce: their price per cube is around 20,000 rubles. There are lamellas, where in the process of their manufacture they are used different varieties wood, this leads to a reduction in the price of the material, but does not affect the quality at all.

When choosing laminated veneer lumber, it is also important to look at its profile. It happens:

• Finnish;
• German;
• German with fewer spikes.

The best joining of the crowns is ensured by the German profile, so professionals recommend using it during construction. In addition, this type of profile reduces the likelihood of blowouts in the corners of the structure.

When purchasing laminated veneer lumber, you should pay attention to several other important points:

• manufacturer. Perhaps this is the main point in choosing the right material. It is best to buy material from a reliable manufacturer who has been on the building materials market for several years;
• the presence of treatment against rot and insects. Of course, it is better to choose the material that has been subjected to similar processing;
• environmental friendliness. Extremely important point is the composition of the product itself - it must necessarily be harmless to human health;
• brand of glue. Before purchasing timber, you should study people’s reviews of companies producing glue for gluing lamellas. It is also worth paying attention to its composition - it must be free of chemical impurities harmful to humans;
• number of lamellas. A high-quality timber has from 3 to 7 lamellas; any deviations from this norm indicate poor material;
• the end part of the beam. This part needs to be impregnated with a special compound to avoid cracking. It is recommended that you pay attention to it and ask the supplier about the availability of impregnation.

Projects of houses and baths made of laminated timber: photos, features

One of the most important steps before the start of construction is the design stage, since fixing something after the completion of construction work will be very problematic. The main point here is taking into account humidity and the effects of extreme temperatures in the bathhouse. When drawing up a drawing, you will be able to estimate the amount of costs that will be required for the construction of the building, the amount of material needed, you will be able to decide on the arrangement of furniture, etc.

Before you start designing, you need to decide on the location where you plan to build the building. The bathhouse should be built on the leeward side of other buildings. This will help protect it from slanting rains, which will increase the service life of the building.

You can draw up a drawing of the planned building yourself, find ready-made option on the Internet or order turnkey projects for bathhouses made of laminated veneer lumber. The last option is the most expensive, but if you are completely clueless about drawing up a plan, then it is better to turn to specialists, otherwise you may later encounter problems that will lead to significant financial losses.

The advantage of ordering a project is that in this case it will be created taking into account all your wishes and the characteristics of the site. There is an option to save: buy finished project baths made of laminated timber, the price for it will be lower than for one that will be made especially for you. At the same time, you can also be sure of its quality.

Bathhouse designs vary in size: they can be small (3x4 m, for example) or large (10x10 m). The size of the bath should be chosen based on the size of the site itself, as well as the number of people who will use it at the same time. But keep in mind that what larger sizes baths, the more expensive it will cost not only during construction, but also during operation.

Bathhouses with verandas, terraces or even entire barbecue areas are in high demand. In this case, you will get not only a bathhouse, but also a place to relax in nature. After the steam room you will not sit in closed room rest, and spend time on fresh air, which is not only more pleasant, but also especially useful.

Another useful procedure after visiting a steam room is a dip in cool water. If you have a pond near your bathhouse, you can swim in it; if not, then pay attention to projects with a swimming pool. It can be located next to an outdoor bathhouse, but then you need to make a canopy, otherwise garbage will get into it. Another option is to place the pool indoors.

Projects of laminated timber bathhouses are especially popular. In this case, you get not just a bathhouse, but country house or even the one in which you will live all year round. Construction helps save money and territory.

You can find projects where there is a bathhouse on the first floor and living quarters on the second. Another option is when the bathhouse is built as an extension to the house. Often, when designing such a bathhouse, there are only two rooms: a dressing room and a steam room. There is no need to make separate washing and rest rooms; they are available in the house itself.

At the planning stage, it is worth deciding on several points:

• a list of materials and their quantity that will be needed for construction;
• the full cost of all materials for the bath;
• the total cost of construction.

If you have difficulties in solving these issues, it is best to contact a specialist who will help you draw up an accurate plan and calculate the quantity necessary materials. After these calculations you can order full list required materials at the factory, and then assemble the bathhouse yourself, without the help of specialists and companies.

Project of a bathhouse made of laminated timber 3×3

A compact sauna designed for one or a couple of people. Despite the fact that the size of the building is small, all the necessary premises are present here. Perfect option for personal use or for a small family. The main advantage of such a building is, undoubtedly, the cost, which will be several times lower than the price of larger projects.

Project of a bathhouse made of laminated timber 4×4

A small bathhouse that has all the necessary premises: a vestibule, a steam room, a washing room and a relaxation room. This project is designed for simultaneous use by 4 people, which is quite enough for a small group of friends or family. Such a bath is budget option.

Project of a bathhouse made of laminated timber 7.5×7.8

This project is spacious and allows you to even stay in the house overnight. big room recreation. In such a room it is provided minimum set furniture, as well as a bathroom. Often, 8x8 bathhouse designs include a spacious terrace. Depending on the project, such a bathhouse can accommodate a different number of people.

How to build a sauna from laminated timber? Stages

Step 1: Installing the foundation

It is impossible to erect a building without installing a foundation. The depth of the foundation and the chosen type depend on many factors, but above all, on the weight of the building and the depth of soil freezing. Most popular: it is easy to install, stable and durable.

Work on installing a strip foundation includes the following items:

1. Planning, selection and layout land plot under construction works.
2. Digging trenches under required level depending on the depth of soil freezing in winter.
3. Creation of a sand cushion at the bottom of the trenches.
4. Formwork assembly.
5. Manufacturing and installation of reinforcing frames.
6. Pouring the resulting structure with concrete to the level designated by the project.
7. Installing waterproofing after the foundation has hardened.

One of the most important points in installing a foundation is its installation 20 cm below the freezing level of the soil. This will protect the base of the structure from deformation destruction.

Step 2. Assembling walls from laminated veneer lumber

To do this, you will need to cut a groove at the bottom of each individual beam. Then with this part it is laid on another beam along with jute insulation (1 cm). The first crown of the building must be isolated from contact with the foundation of the building with waterproofing material.

The length of walls erected from timber should not exceed 6.5 m, otherwise it will be necessary to install vertical compression. After installing the walls, you need to caulk all the grooves. When the shrinkage of the walls is completed, the procedure should be repeated; usually maximum shrinkage occurs after 1-1.5 years after construction.

Don't forget about installation drainpipes, cornices and gutter in order to avoid water flowing down the walls of the building.

Step 3. Installation of a roof for a bathhouse made of laminated veneer lumber

The standard option for a private bath is to install a gable roof. This type roofing is reliable and easy to install.

The gable roof includes rafter system, lathing, vapor barrier, insulation and selected finishing material.

The rafter system can be inclined or hanging. An inclined system is used if it is necessary to cover a span of up to 7 meters; if it is larger than this value, then hanging rafters must be used.

After the installation is completed, you should proceed to install the cornice flooring and make the gable trim.

Then it’s time to install the sheathing from the boards. The roofing material is already attached directly to it.

There are several types of roofing. The most popular of them:

• tiles. It is considered the most expensive, heaviest and reliable material. To install it you will need additional reinforcement roofing system. This type of coating is rarely used for bathhouses; it is mainly used for residential buildings;
• slate. The material is lighter in weight than tiles, but also has a relatively short service life - 15 years. A good option for a bath; after wear, the roofing material can be easily replaced;
• metal flooring. This coating is lightweight and is secured to the sheathing by attaching it to metal strips.

Step 4. Finishing a bathhouse made of laminated veneer lumber

It was previously said that there is no need to decorate such a bath; it already looks neat and well-groomed. But if you still want to carry out interior finishing work, you can sand the walls and paint them.

A popular option is to cover the walls with clapboard, mainly made of alder, linden or aspen. This is due to the fact that these types tree species have good strength, attractive appearance and do not emit resin.

The floors in the bathhouse can be made of wood on joists; do not forget to think about ventilation. Otherwise, the floors will quickly begin to rot and become moldy.

Interior of a Russian sauna made from wood

Features of installation of utilities

In a modern bathhouse everything is present required types engineering communications: water supply network, sewerage system, electricity supply, heating and ventilation systems installed. Thus, a sauna made of laminated veneer lumber is perfect not only for short visits, but also for living, regardless of the time of year.

When conducting communications, you should be especially careful and be sure to follow the basic tips:

• Providing electricity to the bathhouse is a rather difficult process, because... This building has an increased risk of fire. When purchasing devices and materials for installation, you should be attentive to the quality of the products, as well as fire safety requirements;
• lay wiring in wooden bath only possible using a special metal sleeve;
• in the steam room, the wiring is laid behind the vapor barrier layer; it must be in working order even at elevated temperatures;
• if you are going to equip your bathhouse with lamps, you should choose only a fireproof version;
• You cannot install sockets and switches in rooms with high humidity and sudden temperature changes.

4 by 4 bathhouse project: features and advantages Brick bathhouse projects: photos, drawings. Brick bath with your own hands: step-by-step instruction Bathhouse project 6 by 8: features, types. Features of building a 6x8 bathhouse from timber

Glued laminated timber is endowed with high durability, so the logs will last a very long time and reliably. In terms of durability and reliability, the timber is not inferior to buildings made of rounded logs, but the technology for constructing a bathhouse will be simpler and cheaper.

Thanks to high thermal insulation characteristics laminated veneer lumber, a bathhouse or a house made of such material does not require additional insulation.

Building a bathhouse from laminated veneer lumber is an excellent option. Don’t be afraid of the glue in the material, its content is minimal, and the bathhouse turns out to be warm and environmentally friendly.

Advantages of laminated veneer lumber

If we compare the thermal insulation and moisture resistant characteristics of glued and solid timber, then the first wood option is more practical.

This is determined by the peculiarities of its production: the timber is assembled in such a way that, when gluing, individual wood fibers are directed towards opposite sides. This ensures high wear resistance of the material and maintains the integrity of its shape.

The key advantages of the material are:

• Environmental cleanliness and safety.
• Durability and wear resistance.
• No irregularities or defects on the surface.
• High tightness of the connection of parts.
• The optimal thickness of timber for the construction of strong walls.
• Resistance to mechanical damage and deformation.
• Good moisture resistance.
• Attractive appearance that does not require additional decorative finishing.
• Insignificant degree of shrinkage.
• Quick and easy assembly.

It is important to note that the assembly of walls made of wooden beams is carried out directly on the foundation.

This technology differs from the method of constructing a bathhouse from rounded logs, in which the elements are laid on a flat surface and adjusted to the level, after which they are carefully installed on the foundation.

How to choose quality timber

From the right one building material The quality of the future bath depends. When choosing laminated veneer lumber, it is recommended to pay attention to the performance characteristics of the material and the presence of defects.

• It is better to choose wooden beams only from reliable suppliers who guarantee high quality goods.
• The wood must be well dried, treated with an antiseptic and a special impregnation against cracking.
• The surface of the timber must be flat and smooth, without defects or deformations. In addition, it should be free from rot and damage caused by insects and other wood pests.
• The adhesive used to connect individual lamellas must be of the appropriate brand and quality.
• In high-quality laminated veneer lumber, the number of lamellas is strictly limited and amounts to 3–7 pieces. The thickness of the material depends on the number of lamellas.

It is better to dispose of low-quality or contaminated areas of wood immediately to prevent further contamination of healthy parts of the timber.

It is recommended to use undamaged areas with minor defects for the manufacture of door or window frames, slats, floor boards, gazebos and benches.

When choosing laminated veneer lumber, it is important to consider the type of wood from which it is made. Yes, for lower crowns It is better to use larch, for other elements - coniferous species.

Bathroom design

Any modern bathhouse made of timber has a standard design, consisting of a steam room, washing room, shower and rest room. A stove-stove is installed in the steam room. Bathrooms may vary depending on the design construction project, but the basis remains virtually unchanged.

Bathhouse made of timber classic type of 3 rooms (dressing room, washing room and steam room) and is designed for 3–4 people.

A family bathhouse made of timber is larger in size and is intended for use big company of 6–9 people. Buildings can have 2 floors, open terrace, balcony and

Additionally interior layout family baths include a dressing room, changing rooms, showers, a swimming pool, massage room, sanitary and kitchen blocks.

Below are examples standard projects baths made of timber.

Step-by-step technology for building a bathhouse with your own hands

All construction work is carried out strictly in stages, with each stage planned and calculated separately.

The technology for building a bathhouse using laminated veneer lumber involves the following steps:

1. Construction of external walls.
2. Installation and openings.
3. Pad utility networks.

Foundation arrangement

The construction of a bathhouse begins with laying the foundation. Its type depends on weight finished design and the degree of soil freezing. Many experts recommend using strip foundations for such buildings. They are more durable, durable, unpretentious and easy to install.

The technology for constructing a strip foundation is carried out in several stages:

• Development of planning and marking of the territory for the construction of a bathhouse.
• Digging a pit to the required depth.
• Laying a sand cushion. The thickness of the pillow depends on the density of the soil and can be 20–60 cm.
• Strengthening the formwork for the foundation.
• Installation of frames made of reinforced reinforcement in formwork.
• Concrete pouring under the level.
• Installation of a waterproofing layer.

The finished strip foundation for a bathhouse made of timber is a durable slab made of reinforced structure and concrete screed protected by a waterproofing layer. The thickness of the foundation depends on the foundation on which it is built.

Construction of external walls and floors

The bathhouse construction technology involves the construction of external log walls. They are special vertical structures elements that are located under each other and connected at the corners by notches. Every separate row made from laminated veneer lumber is called a crown.

At the stage of wall construction, you can perform work on assembling the floor surface.

When arranging a drain hole, it is important to take into account the level of the floor slope of 4-5 degrees. Installation logs are mounted on the finished foundation, to which floor boards are attached.

Arrangement of door and window openings, ceilings

Construction technology wooden baths provides for the arrangement of window and doorways, which is carried out after completion of the construction of walls and floor foundations. Where window frames are installed and door frames Small technological gaps are left in which openings for windows and doors of the required size are carefully cut out.

The installation of window frames is carried out on thin mounting rails (the thickness of which is 3–5 cm) with upper and lower grooves provided in them. Next, the grooves are carefully insulated, after which the platbands are installed.

Important! The final installation of doors and windows is carried out 8–12 months after the building has completely settled.

Another important step is installation ceilings. Floor beams are mounted to external walls cutting method. This will ensure quality and reliable connection beams with external walls, giving them additional rigidity and wear resistance.

For a sauna roof, two types of rafters can be used - hanging and inclined. Inclined ones are used to cover a span with supports 7.5 meters long, hanging ones are used for large spans without supports.

Once the entire roofing system is installed, the eaves decking and gable trim are installed. Next to load-bearing base A wooden sheathing is installed, to which the roofing finishing material is installed.

The following materials can be used for roofing:

• slate;
• metal sheets;
• tiles.

After installing the roofing material, the roof must be provided with an additional system of drainpipes, eaves and gutters.

Laying utility networks

Any project for a log bathhouse requires the presence of basic engineering networks - water supply, electricity, ventilation, heating and sewerage.

In bathhouses, household electrical wiring is laid along the walls in a protective metal channel. In the steam room electrical wiring is placed behind a vapor barrier and can withstand high temperatures. All electrical installation products With high level IP protection should be installed in rooms with normal air humidity.

To ensure reliable ventilation in rooms of this type, special air vents and ventilation grates With check valve. Additionally, it is recommended to install a chimney exhaust system.

Construction of a bathhouse from laminated veneer lumber is complex and labor-intensive process, requiring a competent approach, specialized knowledge and dexterity.

Bathhouses made of laminated veneer lumber, thanks to their qualities, are gaining more and more popularity today. Such structures are characterized high resistance to influence environment, they do not require additional insulation, and, importantly, the cost of a bathhouse made of laminated veneer lumber is quite optimal.

Bathhouse design

Nowadays, many different construction technologies are used using laminated veneer lumber, but the basic methods of constructing buildings are almost always the same. As a rule, the bathhouse has a simple design, in which certain elements only change depending on the chosen project. Typically, a bathhouse consists of three rooms (steam room, dressing room and washing room).

When constructing a bathhouse, special attention should be paid to ensuring high-quality ventilation, otherwise the logs will quickly become covered with cracks. The good thing about laminated timber is that it is a fairly durable material, so you don’t have to worry about such troubles. Even before the construction of a building begins, it is necessary to carefully consider all the details and nuances so that in the future you do not have to rebuild the finished structure.

Foundation structure

The construction of each construction project, regardless of its complexity, begins with the installation of a foundation, among which the most common is the strip type. Its popularity is due big amount advantages compared to many other types of foundations. It can easily withstand heavy loads, has a long service life, and is very easy to install. This is precisely why it is perfect for structures such as a bathhouse.

In particular, it is better to choose a strip foundation in cases where heavy floors will be installed. Such a foundation is usually placed at a depth that is suitable for ground floor(according to experts, this depth should be about 200 millimeters below soil freezing). This will avoid additional load on the foundation, which could lead to its destruction. If the construction of a bathhouse takes place on sandy or dry soil, then the foundation is laid above the freezing level of the soil. It is highly not recommended to install a foundation on heaving soil or that it freezes too deeply.

Construction of a sauna from laminated timber with your own hands

It is much easier to build a bathhouse from laminated veneer lumber than similar structures made from brick or logs. At the same time, it is worth mentioning right away that many manufacturers of the material offer their clients, for an additional fee, the construction of a bathhouse by their specialists, who will complete the work as quickly and efficiently as possible.

The process of building a bathhouse itself is simple, but it can take a lot of time, which is spent on hardening the foundation and shrinking the timber. Only after this can you begin decorating the bathhouse with various decorative materials.

Tips for building a bathhouse:

• At self-installation timber, it is recommended to additionally insulate the inter-crown space using flax or jute.
• We should not forget about the insulation and waterproofing of the structure. Otherwise, the service life of the bathhouse will become much shorter, the cost of heating it will become higher, and the stay in the room itself will not be very comfortable.
• All finishing work should be carried out only after the laminated timber has completely settled. Shrinkage of the structure can be up to 10 centimeters, causing damage to the lining of the bathhouse.

Bathhouse construction technology

First you need to build a foundation, for which you need to make markings, dig a pit, install formwork and pour the foundation itself. They do it on it brick plinth in 2-3 rows.

The construction of walls begins about a month after the foundation has completely hardened. Before installing the walls, a waterproofing layer is fixed to the foundation, after which the laying of the timber begins. For the first row, it is recommended to use the strongest and highest quality timber, at the ends of which notches are made (this will allow the timber to be connected in the future using special staples). The lower rows are treated with protective antiseptic substances. For cutting, the timber used must be carefully marked and cut to half the marking (first across, then along). Depending on the marking and cutting of the first row, all the rest will be cut.

When laying walls, you should check the evenness of the rows using a level. In this case, it is necessary to lay insulation between the rows. It is best to give preference to tow rather than, for example, polyurethane foam, since the latter is less durable. If desired, you can purchase at construction stores more comfortable modern

The traditional material for bathhouse construction is natural wood. But, if earlier these were debarked logs, now the assortment has increased. One of the “youngest” wooden building materials is laminated veneer lumber. It has good thermal insulation qualities, is little susceptible to shrinkage, and is highly decorative. In addition, assembling a bathhouse from such timber, thanks to the recesses cut out in production, is no more difficult than connecting the parts of a construction set.

Glued laminated timber appearance differs little from the usual profiled one. The difference is that the glued product is not initially solid. It is assembled from 3-6 boards (lamellas) fastened together waterproof glue increased strength, and then compressed in a hydraulic press into solid wood pulp.

Advantages of laminated veneer lumber:

• Minimum shrinkage deformations. Initially, laminated veneer lumber has 10-15% moisture content, so the total shrinkage during the operation of the log house does not exceed 0.5-1%.
• Low degree of cracking. Cracks in such timber rarely appear, through gaps are completely excluded.
• High fire resistance. Thanks to the special processing of the lamellas, laminated veneer lumber is distinguished by special fire-resistant qualities, which are higher than those of any other building material made of wood (logs, solid timber, etc.).
• High thermal insulation properties. Due to the tight fit of the beams to each other due to tenon joints, the walls of the bathhouse are not blown in from the outside. The adhesive layers in the timber also play the role of a heat insulator. Based on this, it is believed that baths made of timber with a thickness of 200-250 mm do not require special insulation.
• Decorative. The surface of the laminated timber is absolutely flat and smooth, no additional sanding is required.

The most common type of laminated timber profile is square. But there are also products with a rectangular, stepped and even round cross-section.

The principle of connecting laminated timber

The end parts of the laminated timber have spikes and ridges. Thanks to this design feature, the assembly of beams into a log house is carried out according to the “tenon and groove” principle. When connected, the tenons of the upper beam are aligned with the grooves of the lower beam, forming a reliable connection.

Glulam beams with the grooves and ridges necessary for construction are manufactured in a factory. Therefore, their assembly into a log house is carried out on site in a short time.

Step-by-step construction of the building

Stage #1 - preparing the foundation

Glued laminated timber should not come into contact with the foundation of the log house. Therefore, before starting assembly, waterproofing the foundation is necessary. It is allowed to use roofing material or waterproofing with sizing on bitumen mastic.

You can read more about any type of foundation you are interested in.

Stage #2 - installation of the first crown

Backing boards impregnated with an antiseptic composition (excavation, biocide, etc.) are laid on top of the waterproofing on the foundation. The use of spacer boards allows you to protect the expensive laminated timber of the first crown from rotting as a result of contact with the foundation.

The horizontalness of the boards is checked using a level, water or construction (bubble) levels. Only after making sure that the boards are evenly positioned do they lay the first row of beams. The connection of the locks of the first and subsequent crowns of the beams is made according to the “tongue and groove” principle. At the same time, the bowls are insulated.

There are timber profiles, in the bowls of which, during manufacturing, technological grooves are made for laying insulation. Other profiles do not have such grooves, so the insulation is laid directly on the bowl of the underlying log. Or, they wrap it around the neck of the cup. It is convenient to use flax fiber, jute, and hemp as insulation. The recommended insulation thickness is 5 mm.

After insulation and control of the horizontality of the first crown, they begin to secure it to the foundation. This is done by drilling holes in the beams (and spacer boards) and installing anchor bolts in them.

Stage #3 - erection of walls

The construction of walls from laminated veneer lumber is reminiscent of assembling parts of a construction set. The beams are laid out in strict sequence, every 4-5 rows are checked for evenness of laying. The timber is assembled according to the following scheme:

1. The following beams are laid on the first crown, the cups are insulated (in the same way as the first crown).

2. Perform pre-pressing. It is important that the size of the inter-crown gaps is less than 1 mm (after the planned shrinkage, this gap will close). Therefore, after laying each new crown, pre-pressing is performed. The blows are applied either with a piece of timber or with a sledgehammer. When using a metal sledgehammer, blows are applied through wooden board or a block. Hit the uneven bars with a sledgehammer without using wooden spacer it is impossible - there is a high possibility of damage to the surface of the crown.

3. Every 2-3 crowns are fastened with dowels. Pins are long wooden blocks round or rectangular section. They can be compared to nails that hold beams together vertically. Dowels give the building stability and prevent the beams from twisting.

The diameter of the dowels for laminated veneer lumber is 25-30 mm. Holes are drilled in the beams for the dowels. The diameter of the holes is slightly smaller than the diameter of the dowels (to ensure a tight fit). The depth of the holes is 1.5 times the thickness of the timber + 2 cm.

4. Secure the crowns with pins. Screed with studs helps to pull the beams assembled into the wall towards each other and thereby eliminate the appearance of inter-crown gaps after the timber shrinks.

Typically, the holes for the studs are made at the factory, in accordance with technical documentation. For screeds, studs (thickness 10-12 mm, length 1 m), nuts and washers are used.

The studs are installed in the timber outlet outside, in technological cuts inside and outside, on the sides of window and door openings. It is advisable to tighten the crowns every meter (in height). Construction crews Often a full screed is performed only after finishing the construction of walls to the ceiling (by extending meter-long studs with elongated nuts).

Installation of the studs begins when assembling the first crown. On the underside of the beam of the first crown, a hole is made for the washer and nut (sunk). The washer and nut are screwed onto the stud and threaded into the hole. Thus, the washer and nut are buried in the hole under the beam, they are not visible. Screed with pins is carried out after every 4-5 crowns. During tightening, it is necessary to check the horizontality and verticality of the beam using a level.

All the crowns are collected in a similar way.

Stage #4 - finishing the building

Glued laminated timber is a godsend for “lazy” builders. Its surface is perfectly polished and has no defects or knots. In addition, the thermal insulation qualities of laminated veneer lumber are 4 times greater than that of brick (with the same thickness of materials). Therefore, most often walls made of laminated veneer lumber with a thickness of 200-250 mm (standard) are not insulated or sheathed with anything.

However, laminated veneer lumber is wood. This means that it is no less susceptible to rotting and infestation by insect pests than solid timber or logs. Taking this into account, experts recommend covering laminated timber walls (inside and outside) with protective agents.

Standard protective set: 1st layer – antiseptic primer (“Ogne Bio” from Senezh, “Valtti pohjuste” from Tikkurila), 2nd and 3rd layers – paintwork(paint, varnish, wax, oil compositions). For external walls made of timber, varnish is used, Oil paint, special colored impregnations (often with additional antiseptic properties). The choice of interior wall covering depends on the purpose of the room. In the rest room, vestibule, washing room or shower, varnishes and paints are also more popular. In the steam room, you should give preference to oil and wax compositions.

Despite the fact that manufacturers of laminated veneer lumber position their material as not requiring thermal insulation and cladding, some developers prefer to play it safe. That is, to protect interior walls steam and washing vapor barrier (foil, vapor barrier film), and then sheathe finishing material. It is traditionally used as cladding in a steam room. wooden lining, in the washing room - plasterboard followed by tiling or mosaic.

The following step-by-step photos more clearly demonstrate the technology of constructing walls from laminated veneer lumber:

Conclusions on the topic

Glued laminated timber is an expensive material. But building walls from it will require less labor and time than when using solid timber or logs. The finishing of the walls made of laminated veneer lumber is also minimal. Thanks to this, the construction process can be significantly reduced in cost. And build a bathhouse from expensive laminated timber at a very affordable price!