Scaffolding installation plan. Project for the installation of scaffolding - file n1.rtf. Methodological documentation in construction
The scaffolding consists of the most important stages on selecting the required brand, fastening structures to walls and other structural elements buildings and structures. Scaffolding and scaffolding are used at every facility and almost nowhere can be done without them. The following types are used:
- frame (LRSP), consisting of ready-made welded frames (individual elements) from which scaffolding is assembled;
- pin (LSH, LSPSH) - a design of racks with pins, crossbars and jibs, providing a single rigid system;
- clamp (LH, LSPH) - assembly is carried out using clamps, which significantly complicates the process of their assembly, but allows you to assemble a scaffolding structure of any shape;
- wedge (KL) - represent the same spatial-tier system as the previous ones, but differ in the presence of an adjustable wedge-shaped connection;
- tower-tours, both mobile, equipped with wheels, and stationary - represent one section of scaffolding, assembled to the required height; They are most often used for anti-corrosion and fire protection of building structures.
All scaffolding is intended for both finishing, repair, and complex installation and dismantling works, brickwork walls, laying pipelines and cables along overpasses, installing video surveillance systems on buildings, etc. Without developing a work plan for the installation of scaffolding, all work involving their use is prohibited. Separately, the PPR should include technological maps for the assembly of the structures themselves.
The graphic part of the PPR for the installation of scaffolding should include the boundary of the dangerous zone of the departure of falling objects, and if it is necessary to reduce it, then by using protective nets. In accordance with the rules on labor protection at height, fencing is taken into account for the safe performance of work. In the detailed work plan, instructions are given on the purpose of scaffolding means for their use only in the case where they were provided. When developing documentation, we take into account all current labor safety regulations in construction and work at height.
Order PPR for scaffolding installation
To receive a commercial proposal for the development of PPR and technical maps for scaffolding, send us a working draft by e-mail: . This will be enough to get all the information from us on the timing, cost of drawing up a set of work plans and technological maps.
You can view the cost and download the technical specifications for development. It is not necessary to fill out the terms of reference; you can describe your wishes in the body of the e-mail letter.
Technological maps for scaffolding
IN technological maps For the installation and operation of scaffolding, all assembly measures are provided in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The assembly stages must include the complete set of the object required quantity elements depending on the type of scaffolding used:
- Thrust bearings for racks with adjustable installation height on uneven surfaces;
- ordinary and additional vertical racks;
- horizontal and transverse connections for fastening the racks to each other and creating spatial rigidity of the structure;
- ready-made stairs for moving along tiers;
- flooring for tiers made of boards or factory-made inventory;
- anchor fasteners for fastening scaffolding to structures of buildings and structures;
- fastening elements (clamps, cotter pins, hardware, etc.).
A technological map for the installation of scaffolding is developed in relation to a specific construction site. A prerequisite is the installation location, determination of the boundaries of the hazardous area, installation protective fences, fastening to existing structural elements of buildings and structures. Selection by load capacity is carried out based on the load-bearing capacity of the scaffolding means and the need for simultaneous work from several tiers.
n1.rtf
PROJECT OF WORK FOR INSTALLATION OF SCAFFOLDINGEXPLANATIONS FOR THE WORK PROJECT
This project was developed for the installation of scaffolding LRP-2000-100 at the site: __________ at the address: ______________.
1. Basic requirements for the construction of scaffolding
1.1. Forests must be registered in the logbook in accordance with Appendix 3 of GOST 24258-88; The log must be kept on site. The registration number must be marked in a visible place on the scaffold member or on a plate attached to it.
1.2. Installation and dismantling of scaffolding must be carried out under the supervision of the person responsible for the work.
1.3. It is prohibited to load the scaffolding flooring with materials and products whose weight exceeds the permissible weight according to the scaffolding passport - 150 kg/m.
1.4. Scaffolding must be grounded. As lightning rods, pipe sections of at least 4 meters in length are used, which are connected to the end of the pipes of the external upper racks.
2. Rules for design and use
Attached frame scaffolding.
2.1. Before starting scaffolding work, you must:
install temporary fences along the border of the danger zone for the period of installation, operation and dismantling of scaffolding. The limits of the danger zone are established in accordance with SNiP 12-04-2002 "Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production, item 10", and its boundaries are taken from the outer row of forests;
deliver scaffolding elements repaired and completed according to specifications to the installation site;
clear and plan, taking into account the drainage of surface water, strips 2.5 m wide along the entire length of the facade. In the case of bulk soil, the strip must be compacted, and if necessary, a base made of road slabs in accordance with the project.
2.2. Installation of scaffolding is carried out according to the installation diagrams of the project, which indicate the beginning and direction of installation. Installation of scaffolding should begin from the corner of the building.
2.3. Installation of scaffolding should be carried out according to the tiers specified in the project.
2.4. Work on the installation and dismantling of scaffolding should be carried out by a team of mechanics and assemblers consisting of 4 people, including:
1 person - 4 sizes;
2 people - 3 sizes;
1 person - 2 sizes
Work should be carried out in one shift during daylight hours.
2.5. Installation of scaffolding for different building configurations is carried out in a technological sequence, including:
marking places for drilling sockets for anchors and places for installing support pads;
laying out the board linings perpendicular to the façade of the building according to the markings, the cross-sectional size and length of the linings are taken in accordance with the project (with a thickness of the linings of at least 50 mm);
installation of support feet and screw supports on pads. The distance from the wall to the axis of the inner row of support feet and between the rows of support feet must correspond to the design. The supporting heel is secured to the lining with nails or crutches;
making holes for installing anchors. On facades, the main part of which are stained glass windows, the places where scaffolding is attached can be adjusted locally, reflecting changes in the project.
Scaffolding is installed in the following sequence:
- Stage 1. On the prepared site, install wooden spacers and thrust bearings, and jacks if necessary. The thrust bearings must be in the same horizontal plane.
- Stage 2. Place two adjacent frames of the first tier on the thrust bearings, connecting them horizontally and diagonally. After a step of 2 m (3 m), install other adjacent frames and also connect them. Repeat this operation until dialing required length.
- Stage 3. Install decking on the first tier of two adjacent sections on the right and left sides of the scaffold.
- Stage 4. Install the frames of the second tier, connect them with horizontal and diagonal connections.
- Stage 5. Install decking on the second tier of the first two adjacent sections on the right and left sides of the scaffold.
- Stage 6. The scaffolding is secured to the wall with plugs or hooks with bushings using anchor brackets.
- Stage 7. By repeating these steps, gain the required height of the scaffolding.
- Stage 8. Install guards on the working level.
Install the scaffolding frames plumb. Installation of frames and fastening of scaffolding to the wall should be carried out simultaneously with the installation of scaffolding.
Laying of decking and installation of fencing should be done simultaneously.
Dismantling of scaffolding is allowed only after removing the remaining materials, equipment and tools from the flooring.
Before installation begins, the work contractor is obliged to inspect and instruct workers on the sequence and methods of disassembly, as well as on measures to ensure the safety of work.
Dismantling of scaffolding should begin from the top tier in the reverse order of installation.
Lifting scaffolding elements with a winch.
2.6. Lightning rods are installed after installing the scaffolding to a height of 8 m and then, as the scaffolding is built up, they are moved to the overlying tiers each time, tightly attached to the lightning rods and must comply with the design.
2.7. Dismantling of scaffolding should be carried out under the supervision of a person responsible for the work in compliance with the rules for installation and dismantling of scaffolding and compliance of the scaffolding with the project.
2.8. Proceed with dismantling only after all materials, equipment, and tools have been removed from the scaffolding and decking.
2.9. Before disassembly begins, the responsible installation manager must inspect the scaffolding and familiarize workers with the sequence and method of disassembly, and measures to ensure the safety of work.
2.10. All ground floor doorways in the scaffolding area must be secured and passageways must be completely fenced.
2.11. After the dismantling of the upper tier is completed, the workers move to the tier (temporarily scaffolding on it) and finish dismantling the frame of the overlying tier, transverse and longitudinal connections are removed. In this case, the clamps are released only from the posts, remaining attached to the crossbars, ties and other elements of the scaffolding.
2.12. The scaffolding elements are lowered down using blocks and hemp ropes. Dropping individual scaffolding elements from a height is strictly prohibited. Small elements are placed in special boxes.
2.13. When dismantling scaffolding, contact of tubular elements with electrical wires is not allowed.
2.14. The scheme for attaching the scaffolding to the facade of the building must be agreed upon with the scaffolding manufacturer.
2.15. The installation locations of scaffolding and cantilever beams (elevation +60.300) on the building structure must be agreed upon with the designers.
2.16. When installing scaffolding on cantilever sections of a building, re-support the scaffolding posts along separate project.
Sequence of scaffolding construction at the site
The project provides for 3 stages of scaffolding construction:
1st stage
Construction of scaffolding along two facades of the building to elevation +60,300. Install the scaffolding on the building structures (erected at the time of installation of the scaffolding) in accordance with the passport. The location of the scaffolding should be agreed upon with the building designers.
2nd stage
Dismantling of scaffolding in areas of the first stage and installation of it on the 3rd facade to the full height of the building. Install the scaffolding on the building structures (erected at the time of installation of the scaffolding) in accordance with the passport. The location of the scaffolding should be agreed upon with the building designers. Before starting the installation of scaffolding above the +60.300 mark, it is necessary to install cantilever beams (the design, dimensions and calculations of the beams are carried out according to a separate project).
Frame scaffolding should be connected to each other (in the places specified in the project) by elements of clamp scaffolding with the installation of flooring and railings of the fence according to the diagram, sheet No. 9 and passports for clamp scaffolding. Frame scaffolding connection areas should only be used for personnel passage. workplace. It is prohibited to gather people and store materials on the flooring installed on the elements of clamp scaffolding.
3rd stage
Dismantling of scaffolding in areas of the second stage and installation of them on two facades of the first stage, above the +60,300 mark. Before starting the installation of scaffolding above the +60.300 mark, it is necessary to install cantilever beams (the design, dimensions and calculations of the beams are carried out according to a separate project). The location of the scaffolding should be agreed upon with the building designers.
Frame scaffolding should be connected to each other (in the places specified in the project) by elements of clamp scaffolding with the installation of flooring and railings of the fence according to the diagram, sheet No. 9 and passports for clamp scaffolding. The connecting areas of frame scaffolds should only be used for personnel passage to the workplace. It is prohibited to gather people and store materials on the flooring installed on the elements of clamp scaffolding.
3. Requirements for the complete supply of scaffolding elements
3.1. Each batch of scaffolding, consisting of a set of elements, is sent to the consumer as a complete set and is accompanied by a passport from the manufacturer, an acceptance certificate from the quality control department and a packaging specification, which indicates the number and weight of the elements being sent by brand.
3.2. Large scaffolding parts are sent from the manufacturer without packaging, in bundles of wire weighing no more than 80 kg. Each pack is accompanied by an indication of the brand and number of items in the pack. Small parts are sent in a container.
3.3. Scaffolding elements sorted by grade are stored indoors or on outdoors on pads under a canopy, not in contact with the ground. Fasteners are stored preserved in closed boxes weighing no more than 60 kg.
3.4. Before being sent to the site, the scaffolding is completed with all standard and non-standard elements in accordance with the specification of the scaffolding project for a particular site. Scaffolding is completed with the rejection of scaffold elements that do not meet regulatory tolerances.
3.5. When completing the packaging, the following regulatory tolerances and requirements are observed:
All wooden elements scaffolding, including flooring panels, handrails, side boards, are treated with deep impregnation with fire retardants;
the geometric dimensions of the flooring panels, sections and location of the stitching strips must correspond to the project;
Deviations from the design length of scaffolding elements should not exceed +2 mm in elements, and ±3 mm in other elements.
3.6. Installation, dismantling and operation of inventory scaffolding must be carried out by a specialized unit (site), whose responsibilities include:
storage, repair of inventory scaffolding elements;
production of non-standard parts;
completing scaffolding according to specifications as part of a scaffolding project for a specific facility (Table 4);
installation and dismantling of scaffolding;
monitoring the condition of scaffolding during operation, of installed scaffolding.
4. Ensuring the quality of scaffolding
4.1. The required quality and reliability of the construction and operation of scaffolding must be ensured by construction organizations by implementing a set of technical and organizational measures in accordance with the requirements of GOST 27321-87 “Rack-mounted scaffolding for construction and installation work”, SNiP 12-01-2004 “Construction organization”.
4.2. Production quality control of scaffolding should include incoming quality control of scaffold elements, operational control of individual installation processes or operations and acceptance control of assembled scaffolding.
4.3. At entrance control scaffolding elements are checked for their completeness and compliance with standard requirements, as well as the presence and content of passports, certificates and other accompanying documents.
4.4. During operational control, compliance with the installation technology of scaffolding elements, compliance of the scaffolding arrangement with working drawings is checked, building regulations, rules and standards.
4.5. During acceptance control, the required quality of assembled scaffolding prepared for operation is checked.
4.6. When accepting scaffolding for operation, the following is checked:
correspondence assembled frame installation diagrams;
correct assembly of components and compliance of scaffolding fastenings with the design;
correctness and reliability of supporting the scaffolding on the base;
correct installation and fastening of fencing and decking;
the presence of diagonal connections and the correctness of their location;
ensuring the safety of forests from possible impacts vehicles;
ensuring water drainage from forests;
maintaining vertical installation and reliable fastening of scaffolding to the wall;
Scaffolding should be accepted under the design load located on the working deck of the upper tier. The magnitude of the load and its location must correspond to the load pattern adopted in the scaffolding design.
4.7. The ground surface on which the scaffolding is installed must be leveled, compacted and ensured that surface water is drained from it.
4.8. During operation, systematic monitoring of the condition of all connections, wall fastenings, decking and fences must be carried out. To do this, every day before the start of a shift, the scaffolds are inspected by a foreman or foreman who supervises the work carried out from these scaffolds. At least once every 10 days, the condition of the scaffolding must be checked by representatives of the construction organization and any defects noted.
4.9. In all cases of detection of deformations of scaffolding elements, loss of stability and other defects, work on the scaffolding must be stopped until the scaffolding is corrected and re-accepted.
5. Safety solutions
5.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who are medically fit to perform this work, who have been trained and instructed in the prescribed manner and have an appropriate certificate are allowed to work at height when installing and operating scaffolding equipment. Persons permitted to perform work for the first time must work for a year under the direct supervision of a more experienced worker.
5.2. Before starting scaffolding installation work, workers must receive a permit to carry out this work for the period necessary to complete the entire scope of work.
5.3. The mass of scaffolding assembly elements per worker (at manual assembly scaffolding) at a construction site should not exceed 25 kg - when installing and dismantling (scaffolding) at a height and 50 kg - when installing them on the ground.
5.4. Scaffolding must be equipped with stairs or ladders for ascent and descent of people, located at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other, and for scaffolding less than 40 m in length, at least two ladders or ladders must be installed. The upper ends of ladders or ladders must be attached to the crossbars of the scaffolding and openings in the scaffolding for exit from the ladders must be fenced on three sides. The angle of inclination of the stairs to the horizon should not exceed 60°, and the angle of the ladders should not exceed 1:3.
5.5. The working deck on the side of the outer row of scaffolding must have a fence. The height of the fence from the level of the base of the fence to the top of the horizontal element must be at least 1.0 m.
Distance between horizontal elements in vertical plane should not be more than 0.45 m, between posts should not be more than 2 m. Fencing and scaffolding railings must withstand a concentrated load equal to 40 kg, applied horizontally or vertically anywhere along the length of the handrail.
5.6. In areas of passages into the building, scaffolding must have protective canopies and continuous side cladding to protect people from falling from above. various items, and the protective canopy should protrude beyond the scaffolding by at least 15 m and be installed at an angle of 15-20° to the horizon. The height of passages must be at least 1.8 m.
5.7. Scaffolding must be equipped with lightning protection devices and lightning conductors, consisting of a lightning rod, down conductor and grounding. The distance between lightning rods should not exceed 20 m, and the grounding resistance should not exceed 15 Ohms.
5.8. Scaffolding must be securely fastened to the walls of buildings along the entire height in accordance with the fastening diagrams.
5.9. It is prohibited to attach scaffolding to parapets, cornices, pipes, balconies and other protruding parts. If the attachment points of the scaffolding posts coincide with the openings in the wall, the scaffolding should be attached to the inside of the building through the openings using devices.
5.10. When working at height, workers must be equipped with safety belts for fastening to reliable parts of the building or scaffolding posts in accordance with the instructions of the engineer supervising the installation of the scaffolding.
Installation workers must be provided with special clothing, safety shoes, tested safety belts, ropes, helmets and other equipment. personal protection.
5.11. During scaffolding installation the following must be provided:
strength and reliability of structures;
safe conditions work during installation and operation;
stability during installation and operation;
fencing and personal protective equipment to prevent workers and materials from falling from a height;
safe transportation of materials.
5.12. When installing (dismantling) scaffolding, it is prohibited:
admission of people to the area where scaffolding is being installed or dismantled.
a crowd of people on the scaffolding floor, more than 3 people in one place;
dropping scaffolding elements during their dismantling.
5.13. Scaffold decks located above 1.0 m from ground level must be fenced. The fence consists of a handrail located at a height of at least 1.0 m from the working deck, one intermediate horizontal element and a side board with a height of at least 15 cm. The gap between the deck boards should be no more than 5 mm.
5.14. The gap between the wall of the existing building and the working floor of the installed scaffolding should not exceed the rated values.
5.15. After completing the installation of each tier of scaffolding, before starting work on them, their correctness and quality of installation are checked by inspecting the entire structure.
5.16. The scaffolding acceptance certificate is approved by the chief engineer of the organization. Until the certificate is confirmed, work from the scaffolding is not allowed.
5.17. Posters with load placement diagrams and their permissible values should be posted on the scaffolding.
5.18. Dismantling of scaffolding can begin only after all work on the scaffolding has been completed and all materials, equipment, tools and construction waste have been removed from the scaffolding.
5.19. During scaffolding dismantling, all doorways on the first floor and balconies must be closed.
5.20. The dismantling work area must be fenced and have warning signs and inscriptions.
5.21. When operating forests, you must be guided by the requirements of the Rules fire safety during construction and installation works and the Main Fire Department.
5.22. The working scaffold deck must have the following primary fire extinguishing means:
- for every 20 m of working flooring - 1 fire extinguisher.
- buckets - at least 4 pcs. over the entire flooring.
5.23. For fire safety purposes, except staircase Scaffolds must have emergency exits from the working platform into the room through openings.
5.24. In addition to the solutions listed in this section, when constructing and operating scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 “Occupational Safety in Construction”, Part 1 must be observed. General requirements; SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction" part 2. Construction production.
Sheet 1
Scaffolding plan
Sheet 2
Scaffolding plan at +60, 300
Sheet 3
Arrangement of scaffolding along the facade "P-A"
| Legend |
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | Frame scaffolding |
| | Ladder |
| | |
Sheet 4
Arrangement of scaffolding along the façade "A-A/1"
| Legend |
|
| | Fastening with an anchor bracket with a clamp (see sheet 9) |
| | Places for attaching scaffolding to columns |
| | Places for attaching scaffolding to floors |
| | Frame scaffolding |
| | Ladder |
| | Places of connection of frame scaffolding with clamp scaffolding elements |
Sheet 5
Arrangement of scaffolding along the façade "A/1-P"
| Legend |
|
| | Fastening with an anchor bracket with a clamp (see sheet 9) |
| | Places for attaching scaffolding to columns |
| | Places for attaching scaffolding to floors |
| | Frame scaffolding |
| | Ladder |
| | Places of connection of frame scaffolding with clamp scaffolding elements |
Sheet 6
Grounding diagram
up to +60.300 
Scaffolding grounding circuit diagram
at +60.300 
Sheet 7
Console installation sequence
Sequence of installation of remote consoles
   | ||
| 5. Installers M1 and M2 tighten anchor bolts all the way and check the reliability of their fastening. The remaining cantilever beams are installed in a similar way. | 6. After installing the cantilever beams, installers M1 and M2 install telescopic racks between them and the floor slab and reliably press the cantilever beams against the floor with them. | 7. After installing the telescopic posts, the installers place M1 and M2 on the cantilever cross beams. For laying farthest from the ceiling cross beam it is necessary to lay a flooring of boards of thickness on the cantilever beams. 40 mm. |
Sheet 8
Console device diagram
Console installation diagram
1-1
Sheet 9
Scheme of connecting frame scaffolding with clamp scaffolding elements
Sheet 10
Nodes
Scheme of securing scaffolding with inventory plugs 
1 - cross member (metal pipe); 2 - inventory plug; 3 - outer wall; 4 - rotary clamp (attach to the rack)
Lightning protection device
1 - lightning rod; 2 - clamp; 3 - stripe; 4 - grounding pipe; 5 - scaffolding stand
Sheet 11
Specification
Specification
Facade A1-P (up to level 60.300)
| N | Name | Units | Quantity (For 3m step) |
| 1 | Frame with ladder | PC. | 62 |
| 2 | Frame without ladder | PC. | 578 |
| 3 | Frame with end guard | PC. | 64 |
| 4 | Horizontal connections | PC. | 480 |
| 5 | Diagonal connections | PC. | 480 |
| 6 | Flooring area | m | 1440 |
| 7 | Forest area | m | 2880 |
| 8 | Crossbars | PC. | 960 |
| 9 | Support heel | PC. | 44 |
| 10 | Rotary clamp | PC. | 1536 |
| 11 | Clamp tie | PC. | 768 |
Specification
Facade A1-P (above 60.300 mark)
| N | Name | Units | Quantity (For 3m step) |
| 1 | Frame with ladder | PC. | 38 |
| 2 | Frame without ladder | PC. | 362 |
| 3 | Frame with end guard | PC. | 40 |
| 4 | Horizontal connections | PC. | 300 |
| 5 | Diagonal connections | PC. | 300 |
| 6 | Flooring area | m | 900 |
| 7 | Forest area | m | 1800 |
| 8 | Crossbars | PC. | 600 |
| 9 | Support heel | PC. | 44 |
| 10 | Rotary clamp | PC. | 960 |
| 11 | Clamp tie | PC. | 480 |
Specification
Facade A-A1 (up to level 60.300)
| N | Name | Units | Quantity (For 3m step) |
| 1 | Frame with ladder | PC. | 58 |
| 2 | Frame without ladder | PC. | 542 |
| 3 | Frame with end guard | PC. | 60 |
| 4 | Horizontal connections | PC. | 450 |
| 5 | Diagonal connections | PC. | 450 |
| 6 | Flooring area | m | 1350 |
| 7 | Forest area | m | 2700 |
| 8 | Crossbars | PC. | 900 |
| 9 | Support heel | PC. | 44 |
| 10 | Rotary clamp | PC. | 1440 |
| 11 | Clamp tie | PC. | 720 |
Specification
Facade A-A1 (above 60.300 mark)
| N | Name | Units | Quantity (For 3m step) |
| 1 | Frame with ladder | PC. | 38 |
| 2 | Frame without ladder | PC. | 362 |
| 3 | Frame with end guard | PC. | 40 |
| 4 | Horizontal connections | PC. | 300 |
| 5 | Diagonal connections | PC. | 300 |
| 6 | Flooring area | m | 900 |
| 7 | Forest area | m | 1800 |
| 8 | Crossbars | PC. | 600 |
| 9 | Support heel | PC. | 44 |
| 10 | Rotary clamp | PC. | 960 |
| 11 | Clamp tie | PC. | 480 |
Specification
Facade P-A(up to 60.300)
| N p.p. | Name | Units | Quantity (For 3m step) |
| 1 | Frame with ladder | PC. | 53 |
| 2 | Frame without ladder | PC. | 344 |
| 3 | Frame with end guard | PC. | 108 |
| 4 | Horizontal connections | PC. | 365 |
| 5 | Diagonal connections | PC. | 365 |
| 6 | Flooring area | m | 1095 |
| 7 | Forest area | m | 2190 |
| 8 | Crossbars | PC. | 730 |
| 9 | Support heel | PC. | 36 |
| 10 | Rotary clamp | PC. | 680 |
| 11 | Clamp tie | PC. | 340 |
Specification
Facade P-A (above 60.300 mark)
| N | Name | Units | Quantity (For 3m step) |
| 1 | Frame with ladder | PC. | 38 |
| 2 | Frame without ladder | PC. | 242 |
| 3 | Frame with end guard | PC. | 80 |
| 4 | Horizontal connections | PC. | 260 |
| 5 | Diagonal connections | PC. | 260 |
| 6 | Flooring area | m | 780 |
| 7 | Forest area | m | 1560 |
| 8 | Crossbars | PC. | 520 |
| 9 | Support heel | PC. | 36 |
| 10 | Rotary clamp | PC. | 480 |
| 11 | Clamp tie | PC. | 240 |
Methodological documentation in construction
INSTALLATION OF SCAFFOLDING
FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS.
PROJECT OF WORK PRODUCTION
MDS 12-57.2010
Moscow 2010
The document was compiled in development and addition to MDS 12-25.2006, MDS 12-40.2008, MDS 12-46.2008.
The document was developed by employees of REMSTROYSERVIS-R LLC (E.V. Gnatyuk, B.A. Mordkovich) and CJSC "TSNIIOMTP" (Yu.A. Korytov).
The document is intended for design organizations developing work projects, and for construction and installation organizations installing scaffolding on high rise buildings.
INTRODUCTION
In Russian megacities, there is an increase in the volume of construction of high-rise (from 30 floors and above) monolithic reinforced concrete residential and public buildings. On the facades of these buildings are carried out using scaffolding various works: finishing, insulation and others.
Scaffolding is applicable for buildings with a variety of architectural, planning and design parameters, configuration, height and length.
Scaffolding is indispensable in cramped urban conditions, where they are used as a universal means of scaffolding, as well as for placing building materials and facade structures.
The labor intensity of scaffolding installation does not, as a rule, exceed 0.6 man-hours per 1 m2 of façade area.
Projects for the execution of works for the installation of scaffolding are included in the main organizational and technological documents for construction and are in demand by local government supervision authorities when registering permitting documents on construction works.
The document is directly applicable to the installation of the most widely used scaffolding, manufactured according to the technical specifications of GOST 27321-87. In this work project, tubular, clamp scaffolding is used, the racks of which are joined using pipes.
The work production project consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by diagrams of components, installation sequence, fastening of the scaffolding to the wall, and the supporting device of the scaffolding on the floor of the building.
This methodological document is intended to assist design, engineering and construction organizations in developing a project for the installation of high-rise scaffolding.
The methodological document is based on the results of the work of ZAO TsNIIOMTP and other design and technological institutes, as well as a generalization of the practical experience of scaffolding installation by REMSTROYSERVIS-R LLC and other Moscow construction organizations.
1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING AND SCAFFOLDING
The residential monolithic reinforced concrete building has a plan complex shape with rectangular and oval outlines of the walls, overall dimensions: length along the facade not less than 50 m, width - 30 m, height - up to 160 m. Thickness of walls and interfloor ceilings - not less than 200 mm, window and other openings allow the installation of supporting devices in them for installing scaffolding at height.
The scaffolding installation project was developed on the basis of a contract, terms of reference and the presented source data. The technical specifications and initial data include: working documentation for construction work on the facade, passport and instructions for installing scaffolding, drawings for the building (to the extent necessary for installing scaffolding).
This work project was developed using the following initial data.
The design of clamp scaffolding is inventory, lightweight, collapsible, reusable. Scaffold turnover is at least 60 times, and service life is at least 5 years.
Scaffolding, for example: LSPH-200-60 from Metakon, rack-mounted attached clamps in accordance with GOST 27321. The height step of the tier is 2 m, the step of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m, the width of the passage between the racks is 1.25 m. Flooring panels can be laid on all tiers at the same time. Standard load is no more than 200 kgf/m2. The maximum height of the scaffolding is 60 m.
The scaffolding is mounted from tubular elements - racks and half-posts with a diameter of 60 mm, installed in support shoes with wooden linings, from longitudinal links with a diameter of 48 mm, connected to the racks using clamps, crossbars, securing the scaffolding to the wall using metal or polymer plugs (dowels) . On the outer sections of the scaffolding, diagonal connections are installed using rotary clamps.
The racks and half-racks are joined using pipes.
The links are connected to each other using bolts.
The plugs are inserted into holes drilled in the wall. Hooks are screwed into the plugs, and the plugs are wedged out. The eyes of the crossbars are put on the hooks, after which the crossbars are secured with clamps to the racks.
A non-rotating clamp connects posts and half-posts with crossbars and railings at right angles. A rotary clamp connects posts with diagonal braces at an acute or obtuse angle.
The outer rows of racks are fastened through one tier in height, the inner rows of racks are fastened in a checkerboard pattern through two tiers in height and through two racks horizontally.
When using scaffolding in accordance with GOST 27321, for example, type LSPH-200-60 from Metakon, for installation on high-rise buildings, a number of measures based on calculations are performed that are not provided for by the manufacturer.
To increase the load-bearing capacity of high-rise scaffolding, so-called double racks made of pipes with an outer diameter of 60 mm are used, which are the main element of high-rise scaffolding and the main condition for installing standard scaffolding on high-rise buildings. Load bearing capacity the rack must be checked by calculation; the load on the rack should not exceed 3 tf. The actual load on the most loaded racks should be selectively determined experimentally, using instruments, such as special scales, and recorded in the work log.
In addition to this main event, the following activities are also carried out.
Thus, the standard load on forests is not set at 200 kgf/m2, but reduced, for example, no more than 100 kgf/m2.
To reduce the load on the scaffolding, according to the calculation, the number of working and protective flooring is reduced. In this case, flooring panels can not be laid on all tiers at the same time, but one by one and staggered.
Depending on local conditions, it may be necessary to change the pitch of the racks along the wall: for example, not 2.5 m, but 2.6 m or 2.4 m.
The width of the passage between the racks can be taken not 1.25 m, but, for example, 1.31 m.
The scheme for attaching the scaffolding to the wall, specified in the manufacturer's operating instructions, may be changed.
Scaffolding can be mounted not on a dirt platform (without or with asphalt concrete pavement), and at height - on supporting devices made of cantilever beams.
With simple architectural and construction solutions for a building, one or two of the above activities are carried out. Modern architectural and construction solutions for buildings are complex, which requires the development of almost all or all of the above measures and their corresponding reflection in the scaffolding installation project.
All of these measures, as stated, must be justified by calculations and agreed with the manufacturer.
The implementation of the above measures allows the use of various installation schemes for high-rise scaffolding, depending on the configuration of the walls, the height of the building and other local conditions.
The project outlines the provisions for the organization and technology of scaffolding installation, requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, determines the need for mechanization, tools, equipment and devices, and specifies safety and labor protection requirements.
When developing the project, the regulatory, methodological and reference documents specified in the List of Used Documents were used.
2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS USED
Installation workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and attaching scaffolding to the wall.
The plan for the scaffolding installation area is given in the work project on sheets, usually in A2 (420×594) or A3 (297×420) format.
In Fig. 1 shows as an example a fragment of a plan for the scaffolding installation area on an area corresponding to the factory set of scaffolding. Symbols RD-11-06 shows scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from a scaffolding layer, and temporary fencing of the installation area.
The boundary of the danger zone is established by calculation according to RD-11-06, depending on the height of the scaffold layer.
LEGEND:
Load-bearing external walls
Scaffolding
boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from a scaffolding layer
temporary fencing of the scaffolding installation area
Rice. 1
3.1.2 Inspection, control and assessment of technical condition are carried out components mounted scaffolding.
Damaged components must be discarded.
The components sorted by detail are laid along the walls.
3.1.3 Preparations for work are carried out, installation and launch of lifting mechanisms (roof crane, jib crane, winch) for lifting and lowering scaffolding components.
These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of lifting mechanisms.
3.1.4 Mechanization equipment (hand-held drilling machines, hammer drills, rammers, etc.) and tools are prepared, their completeness and readiness for work are checked.
3.1.5 To support the scaffolding along the facade, a platform with a width of at least 3 m with an asphalt concrete surface or a leveled and compacted dirt platform is prepared. The bearing capacity of the sites is checked by calculation. Water drainage must be arranged from the site. If the soil is wet, then compaction is carried out with the addition of crushed stone, broken bricks, concrete.
If there is a difference in height, then the scaffolding area along the facade is leveled horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
To level out the difference in height, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm can be used.
3.1.6 Marking of installation points for anchor plugs on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the working drawing for the wall or “in situ”.
At the initial stage, beacon points for marking the wall are determined so that the points do not coincide with the window openings. If the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to load-bearing structures (walls, columns, floors) from the inside of the building using fastening devices and devices; It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to balconies, cornices, or parapets.
The distance from the installation point of the anchor plug to the opening must be at least 150-200 mm. The horizontality of the extreme points is determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At the two extreme points, using a laser level and tape measure, determine and mark with paint the intermediate points for installing the anchor plugs. Then, at the extreme points of the horizontal line, vertical lines are determined. Use indelible paint to mark the installation points of the anchor plugs on the outermost vertical lines.
3.2 Basic work
3.2.1 Installation work from the ground level is carried out using grippers, taking into account, as a rule, the use of one set of scaffolding supplied by the manufacturer for gripping. The volume of the scaffold is usually set to no more than 50 m along the façade of the building and a height of no higher than 60 m. When installing scaffolding from an elevation of 60 m and above, the height of the scaffold is taken to be no higher than 20 m.
To speed up the installation of scaffolding (if there are several sets of scaffolding), work can be carried out with several parallel grips.
Independent parallel gripping can be organized when installing scaffolding on a support device made of cantilever beams, which is installed on the interfloor ceiling at a height, usually above 60 m.
3.2.2 When using double racks up to a height of 80 m, and above - single scaffolding is mounted at a height of up to 160 m. The distance between double racks is usually taken to be 300 mm (Fig. 2)
Rice. 2
If the configuration of the wall does not allow the use of such a scheme, then the scaffolding is installed on the above support devices on the floor of the building. The height of the grip is assumed to be no higher than 20 m.
3.2.3 Installation of scaffolding is carried out, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, in tiers for the length of the grip.
Technological process installation consists of assembling the first, second, third and other tiers, attaching scaffolding to the building and installing supporting devices at height.
3.2.4 The scaffold tiers are assembled as follows. Shoes with screw height adjustment are installed on a prepared platform that is level in the horizontal plane (see).
The difference in height in the direction along the wall is leveled by laying concrete slabs and board linings.
Under the shoes of each pair of racks, a lining made of boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm is laid in the transverse direction. Installation of shoes is shown in Fig. 3, a.
The main parts of the tiers are assembled in the following sequence.
Double racks of the inner and outer rows of scaffolding are installed in the shoes (Fig. 3 b).
Transverse and longitudinal connections are installed on the internal and external rows of racks for the supports of the first assembly tier (Fig. 3, c).
At each rack, panels are laid on the longitudinal supports-supports of the first assembly tier.
From the platforms of the first assembly tier, longitudinal braces of the first working tier are installed and holes are drilled in the wall for plugs (dowels) for fastening the transverse braces of the first working tier.
Plugs (dowels) are inserted into the holes and cross braces are secured to the wall.
From the platforms of the first assembly tier, fences of the first working tier are installed, corner posts are built up, and panels of the assembly tier are transferred to the flooring of the first tier. The flooring is equipped with a side fence 150 mm high.
Racks are built up from the flooring of the first tier, a second mounting tier is installed, from which the second working tier is assembled.
The assembly operations of subsequent tiers are repeated.
Rice. 3
3.2.5 The scaffolding is attached to the building to a reinforced concrete wall with a thickness of at least 200 mm using factory-made metal plugs or polymer dowels and through openings (windows, doors, balconies).
Fastening scaffolding with dowels is shown in Fig. 4.
Rice. 4
Dowels, for example MGD 14×100, MUNGO MGV bolt 12x350 with a ring is fixed in the wall four meters apart in a checkerboard pattern according to the intended fastening points. The diameter and depth of the hole in the wall must correspond to the values specified in the factory instructions.
The strength of the fastening of the dowels in the wall is checked by calculation and must be tested selectively using a device (device) for pulling the plug out of the wall. The pulling force from concrete must be provided at least 300 kgf.
If a hole is drilled by mistake in the wrong place and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be located at least one depth of the drilled hole from the mistaken one. This rule is not necessary if the erroneous hole is pre-concreted or filled with a polymer composition of similar strength.
The holes are cleaned from drilling waste (dust) compressed air.
The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and hammered down with a mounting hammer.
Attaching scaffolding to the wall through a window opening is shown in Fig. 5.
Rice. 5
The inventory fastening device is made, as a rule, from the same tubular elements as the scaffolding.
Elongated transverse scaffolding links are inserted into the opening, then longitudinal pipes are laid on them close to the wall. Fastening of connections and pipes is carried out using clamps or another method.
3.2.6 The supporting device at height is mounted from two cantilever beams and spacer posts. The beams are laid on the floor through sheet metal supports so that the length of their cantilever part allows the scaffolding to be installed at a distance of 600 mm from the wall to the axis of the internal rack. Then racks with screw mechanisms are installed on the opposite ends of the beams. Upper strut supports with wooden spacers lead to the ceiling. Using screw mechanisms with a tightening torque of at least 5 kgf m, the racks rest against the ceiling and beams, pressing them against the ceiling and at the same time securing the support device in the opening.
To secure the scaffolding to the supporting device, loops welded to the beams are used.
A channel according to GOST 8240 is most often used as cantilever beams. The channel number (from No. 12 and more) is selected by calculation depending on the load from the scaffolding, which is determined by direct summation of the weight of the scaffolding parts (no more than 20 m in height) and the working load. The weight of the cantilever beam should not exceed 140-150 kgf, provided that the installation team performs installation operations manually. Therefore, the channel number must correspond to the minimum allowable safety factor of the cantilever beam.
For spacer posts, mounting posts of a telescopic design with a screw mechanism for adjusting the height of the supports are used. The main parameters of the racks: height up to 3100 mm, thrust force from 3000 to 5000 kgf (see MDS 12-41).
Values of thrust forces from the racks transmitted to interfloor ceilings, must be determined by calculation and selectively tested experimentally. The values and places of application of these forces from the racks must be agreed upon with the building design organization and entered into the work log. If temporary reinforcement of floors is necessary, mounting telescopic racks are installed on the underlying floors.
Rice. 6
3.2.7 Lifting scaffolding components to the installation horizon is carried out using winches installed on the ground, roof cranes and cantilever cranes installed on interfloor ceilings in building openings.
The speed of movement of the cargo rope must be at least 50 m/min. To eliminate dynamic loads during acceleration and deceleration of the load, the speed of movement of the cargo rope must have a smooth frequency control.
Dismantling of scaffolding for its rearrangement to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation, that is, starting from the upper tier. Remains of building materials, equipment and tools are removed from the floorings. The lowering of the dismantled scaffolding components is carried out using the above winches and cranes.
4 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK
4.1 The quality of scaffolding installation is ensured current control technological operations of preparatory and main work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of the current control of technological operations, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up: for the strength of fastening plugs for scaffolding anchors in the wall, for the stability and strength of fastening of scaffolding support devices at height.
4.2 During the preparatory work, check:
Readiness of the wall and structural elements of the building, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;
Condition of scaffolding parts (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of scaffolding parts);
Condition of parts of supporting devices (absence of defects in cantilever beams and racks, reliability of beam hinges);
Evenness and equal strength of the base points on which the shoes are installed.
4.3 During installation work, check:
Wall marking accuracy;
Correct and reliable installation of scaffold shoes on the base;
Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for anchor plugs;
Strength of anchor fastening;
Verticality of racks and horizontality of connections, scaffolding.
The horizontality of the scaffolding in the longitudinal and transverse directions is ensured by level, verticality - by plumb.
When assembling the scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the racks fit into the pipes to the designed length.
When laying the flooring, the strength of the fastening and the absence of the possibility of shifts are checked.
4.4 When accepting work, the acceptance committee inspects the assembled scaffolding as a whole and especially carefully the places of fastening and interfaces.
The horizontality and verticality of forests are checked using geodetic instruments.
Defects found during inspection are eliminated.
Scaffolding is subject to testing in the presence of the acceptance committee regulatory load in two hours. At the same time, their strength and stability, reliability of fastening to the wall and to supporting devices, flooring and fences, and grounding are assessed.
The railings of the fence must withstand a concentrated load of 70 kgf applied to them in the middle and perpendicularly.
Bearing horizontal connections must withstand a concentrated load of 130 kgf applied in the middle.
4.5 Acceptance of assembled scaffolding is documented in a work acceptance certificate. Certificates of inspection of hidden work are attached to the work acceptance certificate (under clause 4.1).
4.6 The quality of scaffolding installation is assessed by the degree of compliance of the actual parameters and characteristics with the design ones specified in the design and normative-technical documentation.
The main controlled parameters and characteristics, methods of their measurement and evaluation are given in Table 1.
Table 1
|
Technological |
Controlled parameter, characteristic |
Permissible value, requirement |
Control method and tool |
|
|
Marking extreme points horizontally |
Marking accuracy |
|||
|
Marking the extreme points vertically |
Theodolite |
|||
|
Marking intermediate attachment points |
Level, plumb line, tape measure |
|||
|
Drilling holes for anchor plugs (dowels) |
Depth N |
N= screw length |
Depth gauge, bore gauge |
|
|
Diameter D |
D= screw diameter |
|||
|
Distance to opening, building corner |
Not less than 150.0 mm |
|||
|
Hole cleanliness |
No dust |
Visually |
||
|
Installation of shoes |
Thickness of the board lining |
Metal ruler |
||
|
Assembly of sections and tiers of scaffolding |
Deviation from verticality |
± 1.0 mm at 2 m height |
Plumb line, ruler |
|
|
Deviation from horizontality |
± 1.0 mm per 3 m length |
Level, ruler |
||
|
The gap between the building wall and the flooring |
No more than 150 mm |
|||
|
Linear dimensions |
Up to 50 m - ±1% |
Laser tape measure DISTO |
||
|
Attaching scaffolding to the wall |
The force that pulls the anchor (dowel) out of the wall |
Not less than 500 kgf |
Force measuring device |
|
|
Laying the flooring |
Gap between boards |
No more than 5 mm |
||
|
Board protrusions |
No more than 3 mm |
|||
|
Covering support deck joints |
Not less than 200 mm |
Metal ruler |
||
|
Installation of racks |
Torque |
Torque wrench |
||
|
Scaffolding grounding device |
Ground resistance |
No more than 15 Ohm |
Testor Shch 4313 |
5 NEED FOR MECHANIZATION, TOOLS, INVENTORY AND DEVICES
The need for fixed mechanization equipment, tools, equipment and accessories is shown in Table 2.
table 2
|
Name |
Type, brand, GOST, drawing No., manufacturer |
Technical specifications |
Purpose |
|
|
Roof crane |
Type "Pioneer", JSC "TEMZ" |
Load capacity 150-500 kg |
Raising and lowering scaffolding components and façade elements |
|
|
Variable speed winch |
Type LChS-3 |
Traction force up to 250 kgf |
||
|
Plumb line, cord |
Measurement limit 1.5-4.5 tf, weight 0.35 kg |
Rack load control |
||
|
Torque wrench |
Measurement limits 3-8 kgf m, weight 3.5 kg |
Monitoring the strength of fastening of the mounting posts of the scaffolding support device |
||
|
Device for measuring the force of pulling out a plug (dowel) |
Measurement limits 100-400 kgf. Dimensions: 1240×1200×175 mm. Weight - 7.8 kg |
Checking the strength of the scaffolding to the wall |
||
|
Fencing the work area |
Inventory |
Work safety |
||
|
Protective mesh for scaffolding |
Types 4.603; 4.504; 4.501.1 from Apex, Vert or others |
Made from polymer fibers |
Protection against falling objects from heights |
6 SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
6.1 When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011 must be met.
The scaffolding must be posted with a layout diagram and the magnitude of the permissible loads. The gathering of three or more people on the scaffolding floor is not allowed.
Workers who have the right to work at height are allowed to install scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety belts.
6.2 Fire safety in workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the rules of PPB-01.
6.3 Electrical safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.1.030, POT RM-016.
6.4 When organizing work in the installation area, a danger zone is established from falling objects from the height of the scaffolding. The danger zone is indicated by safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.
In each specific case, the work design must include measures so that the danger zone does not extend beyond the fenced scaffolding installation area.
A protective net can be hung on the scaffolding. The danger zone may not be indicated.
The location and design of the installation area fencing must be adopted in accordance with GOST 23407.
6.5 Warehousing and storage of scaffolding components, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well as SNiP 12-03.
6.6 When working at night, the installation area, scaffolding, passages and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without glare from lighting fixtures.
6.7 Scaffolding ladders must be equipped in accordance with GOST 26887. The slope of the stairs to the horizon should be no more than 75°. Stairs must have non-slip steps.
6.8 Loads are lifted onto scaffolding using a winch or roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding using tower cranes is unacceptable.
6.9 Lightning protection of scaffolding must be arranged with a grounding resistance of no more than 15 Ohms.
6.10 During installation and dismantling of scaffolding electric wires, located closer than 5 m from the forests, cut off power.
During thunderstorms, snowfall and wind speeds of more than 6 m/s, scaffolding cannot be installed or dismantled.
6.11 The technical condition of scaffolding is monitored before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days.
Particular attention should be paid to measuring and monitoring the actual loads on the posts and shoes, pulling out the forces of the anchors from the wall. At the same time, the deformation of the posts and wooden shoes, cross members and anchors and their relative movement must be measured and assessed.
If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then it is allowed to be used after acceptance by the commission. The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the logbook in accordance with GOST 24258.
Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which can reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation.
Methodological documentation in construction
MDS 12-40.2008
Moscow 2008
The document contains recommendations and a methodological example for drawing up a project for the installation of scaffolding. The document was developed as a development and addition to MDS 12-81.2007 and MDS 12-25.2006. The document was developed by employees of ZAO TsNIIOMTP (candidates of technical sciences V.V. Volodin and Yu.A. Korytov). The document is intended for design and construction organizations developing projects for the installation of scaffolding.INTRODUCTION
For placement of workers, tools and materials during construction and repair work Scaffolding is used on the facades of buildings, including when insulating and finishing them by installing various designs of suspended facade systems. Scaffolding is applicable for buildings and structures with a variety of architectural, planning and design parameters, configuration, height and length. Scaffolding is indispensable in cramped urban conditions, where they are used not only as a universal means of scaffolding, but also as a protective screen. The labor intensity of scaffolding installation does not, as a rule, exceed 0.5 man-hours per 1 m2 of façade area. Projects for the execution of works for the installation of scaffolding are part of the main organizational and technological documents for construction and are in demand by local government supervision authorities when preparing permits for construction work. This document contains recommendations for developing a work production project in the form of a methodological example, which provides requirements for the composition and content of sections, as well as for their presentation and design. The document is directly applicable to the installation of the most widely used rack-mounted scaffolding, manufactured according to the technical specifications of GOST 27321-87. Scaffolding can be of any degree of prefabrication (tubular, frame and frame) and varied in the design of node connections (clamp, hook, wedge or pin); in this case, the racks, frame and frame elements are joined using pipes. The work production project consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is presented with diagrams of the location of the dangerous zone fencing, the installation sequence, and the fastening of the scaffolding to the wall. This methodological document is intended to assist design, engineering and construction organizations in developing a project for the production of scaffolding installations. The methodological document is based on the results of the work of ZAO TsNIIOMTP and other design and technological institutes, as well as a generalization of practical experience in the installation of scaffolding by Moscow construction organizations.1 EXPLANATORY NOTE
The project for the installation of scaffolding for the installation of a ventilated facade system on the building of a multifunctional office and business center was developed on the basis of a contract, technical specifications and the submitted initial data. The technical specifications and initial data include: working documentation for the installation of a ventilated facade, a passport and instructions for the installation of scaffolding (for example, frame scaffolding LSPR-200), drawings for the building. This work project was developed with the following initial data. LSPR-200 scaffolding is attached; when installing a ventilated facade, it can reach a height of 40 m. The tier height step is 2 m, the frame step along the wall is 3 m, the passage width between the posts is 0.95 m. Standard load at a height of more than 20 m no more than 100 kgf/m2. The structural components of the LSPR-200 scaffolding and their weight are shown in Table 1. The table shows that the weight of the scaffolding components does not exceed 12 kg and they can be lifted for installation using a winch or roof crane with a lifting capacity of no more than 250 kg. The building is rectangular in shape, façade length 72.0 m, height no more than 40 m.Table 1
Wall mounted facade system U-kon with cladding elements ( ceramic tile and aluminum profiles) is mounted on the façade of the building. In accordance with this, scaffolding is mounted along the facade in axes 1-12. The project outlines the provisions for the organization and technology of scaffolding installation, requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, determines the need for mechanization, tools, equipment and devices, and specifies safety requirements and labor protection. When developing the project, the regulatory, methodological and reference documents specified in the List of Used Documents were used.2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS USED
|
Designation |
Name |
SNiP 3.03.01-87 | Load-bearing and enclosing structures | SNiP 12-01-2004 | Organization of construction | SNiP 12-03-2001 | Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements | SNiP 12-04-2002 | Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production | GOST 12.1.004-91 | SSBT. | Fire safety. General requirements. Change (I-1-95) | GOST 12.1.019-79 | SSBT. | Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection. (With change #1) | GOST 12.1.030-81 | SSBT. | Electrical safety. Protective grounding, grounding. (With change #1) | GOST 12.1.046-85 | SSBT. | Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites | GOST 12.4.011-89 | SSBT. | Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification | GOST 12.4.026-81 | SSBT. | Signal colors and danger signs. Changes (I - XII -80, 2- X -86) | GOST 12.4.059-89 | SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions | GOST 7502-98 | Metal measuring tapes. Specifications | GOST 7948-80 | Steel plumb lines for construction. Specifications | GOST 23407-78 | Inventory fencing for construction sites and construction sites. Specifications | GOST 24258-88 | Scaffolding means. General technical conditions | GOST 26887-86 | Platforms and stairs for construction and installation work. General technical conditions GOST 27321 -87 | Rack-mounted, attached scaffolding for construction and installation work. Specifications | MDS 12-25 .2006 |
Scaffolding. Installation, calculation, operation
PPB 01-03
Fire safety rules in Russian Federation: - POT RM-016-2001(as well as approaches to it and nearby territories) is freed from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction waste and is fenced in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407; - the scaffolding installation area is fenced in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03, warning signs are installed in accordance with GOST 12.4.026; - assembly workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and attaching scaffolding to the wall. The construction site plan for the installation of a ventilated facade and, accordingly, the installation of scaffolding is given in the work project on sheets, usually in A2 (420×594) or A3 (297×420) format. In Fig. 1 shows as an example a fragment of a construction site plan. The symbols show scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from the last tier of scaffolding, and temporary fencing of the construction site.Rice. 1. Fragment of the construction site plan
3.1.2 Inspection, control and assessment of the technical condition of the components of the erected scaffolding is carried out. The names of the components are given in Table 1. Damaged components are subject to rejection. 3.1.3 Preparation for work is carried out, installation and launch of lifting mechanisms (roof crane or winch) for lifting and lowering scaffolding components. These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of lifting mechanisms. 3.1.4 Mechanization equipment (hand-held drilling machines, hammer drills, rammers, etc.) and tools are prepared, their completeness and readiness for work is checked. 3.1.5 For the installation of scaffolding, a planned and compacted site is prepared, from which water drainage must be arranged, or a site with an asphalt concrete surface. If the soil is wet, then compaction is carried out with the addition of crushed stone, broken brick, and concrete. Due to the difference in heights of up to 400 mm, the area for scaffolding along the facade in axes 1-12 is leveled horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions. To level out height differences of up to 500 mm, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm are used. 3.1.6 The scope of work is divided into three sections with a length of 24 m along the facade of the building and a height of no higher than 40 m, starting with the section in axes 12-8. In this case, one set of scaffolding LSPR-200 is used (960 m 2 with dimensions 40 × 24 m). The location of the scaffolding on the first grip on the wall of the building in axes 12-8 is shown in Fig. 2. The length of the scaffolding support platform is 24 m, the width is at least 1.5 m. The height difference is up to 400 mm in longitudinal direction leveled by laying concrete slabs and boards.
Rice. 2. Location of scaffolding on the first capture
3.1.7 Marking of installation points for anchor plugs on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the working drawing for the wall (see Fig. 2) or “in situ”. At the initial stage, beacon points for marking the wall are determined so that the points do not coincide with the window openings. If the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to load-bearing structures (walls, columns, floors) from the inside of the building using fastening devices and devices; It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to balconies, cornices, or parapets. The distance from the installation point of the anchor plug to the opening must be at least 150-200 mm. The horizontality of the extreme points is determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At the two extreme points, using a laser level and tape measure, determine and mark with paint the intermediate points for installing the anchor plugs. Then vertical lines are determined at the extreme points of the horizontal line. Use indelible paint to mark the installation points of the anchor plugs on the outermost vertical lines.
3.2 Basic work
3.2.1 Work according to the plan (see clause 3.1.6) is carried out with grips 24 m long along the facade of the building and a height of no higher than 40 m, starting from the first grip, in axes 12-8. If there are several sets of scaffolding, the installation of a ventilated facade and, accordingly, the installation of scaffolding can be carried out using parallel grips. 3.2.2 Scaffolding is assembled from frames, diagonal braces, shoes with screw height adjustment, deck crossbars and decking. The scaffolding is secured to the wall using anchors screwed into plugs. The plugs are inserted into the holes drilled in the wall. The frames are built on top of each other to the required height and connected to each other using locks (clamps) with horizontal and diagonal connections. The deck crossbars are hung with their brackets on the upper links of adjacent frames on two upper tiers, one of which is working, the other is safety. Placed on crossbars wood flooring. 3.2.3 Installation of scaffolding is carried out in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions in tiers for the length of the grip. The installation process consists of assembling the first, second, third and other tiers and attaching them to the wall. Assembly of the first tier of scaffolding. Shoes with screw height adjustment are installed on a prepared platform that is level in the horizontal plane (see section 3.1.5). Under the shoes of each pair of racks, a lining made of boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm is laid in the transverse direction. Installation of shoes is shown in Fig. 3.
Rice. 3. Installation of shoes
Two adjacent frames of the first tier are inserted into the shoes and connected with ties. Next, other adjacent frames are installed in the same way, every 3 m, and this operation is repeated until the length of the scaffolding is equal to the length of the grip. Then the crossbars with decking are installed on the first two sections on the right and left sides of the scaffolding. The assembly of the first tier of scaffolding is shown in Fig. 4.
Rice. 4. Assembly of the first tier of scaffolding
The joints of the flooring are placed on the support and overlap it by at least 200 mm in each direction, while the thresholds are beveled from straight to an angle of 30°. The flooring is equipped with a side fence 150 mm high. Installation of the second tier of scaffolding. A second tier of scaffolding is installed on the first tier, and the diagonal ties are positioned in such a way that they are installed in a checkerboard pattern. Crossbars with decking are installed in the second and third spans (Fig. 5).
Rice. 5. Assembly of the second tier of scaffolding
Attaching scaffolding to the wall. The scaffolding is secured to the wall with anchors secured to the frame posts. The anchors are screwed into plugs installed in the wall every 4 m in a checkerboard pattern according to the intended fastening points (see Fig. 2). To attach plugs to the wall, holes are drilled at marked points with a diameter and depth corresponding to the anchors. The strength of the plug in the wall is checked by calculation according to MDS 12-25 (sections 5.1.4 and 5.1.5) and must be tested selectively using a device for pulling the plug out of the wall. If a hole is drilled by mistake in the wrong place and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be located at least one depth of the drilled hole from the mistaken one. This rule is not necessary if the erroneous hole is pre-concreted or filled with similar strength polymer composition. Cleaning the holes from drilling waste (dust) is done with compressed air. The plug is inserted into the prepared hole and knocked down with a mounting hammer. Installation and fastening to the wall of the third and remaining tiers of scaffolding is carried out in the manner described above. When assembling the scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the pins enter the pipes to their full length. End and longitudinal fences are installed on the working and safety tiers. In areas of lifting to the working tier, where diagonal connections are not installed, longitudinal fences are installed. The diagram for attaching the scaffolding to the wall is shown on a cross-section of the building (Fig. 6).Rice. 6. Scheme of attaching scaffolding to the wall
3.2.4 Dismantling of scaffolding for its relocation to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation, that is, starting from the top tier. Remains of façade cladding parts, equipment and tools are removed from the decking. The lowering of the dismantled scaffolding components is carried out using a winch or roof crane.
4 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK
4.1 The quality of scaffolding installation is ensured by ongoing monitoring of technological operations of preparatory and main work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of the current control of technological operations, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up (for the strength of fastening plugs for scaffolding anchors in the wall). 4.2 In the process of preparatory work, the following is checked: - the readiness of the wall and structural elements of the building, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work; - quality of scaffolding components (size, absence of dents, bends and other defects of scaffolding elements); - correct and reliable installation of scaffold shoes on the base. 4.3 During the installation work, check: - accuracy of wall markings; - diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for anchor plugs; - strength of anchor fastening; - verticality of frame posts and horizontality of connections, crossbars, scaffolding. The horizontality of the scaffolding in the longitudinal and transverse directions is checked by level, verticality - by plumb line. When extending frames, the gap between pipes and pipes should not exceed 3 mm. When laying the flooring, the strength of the fastening and the absence of the possibility of shifts are checked. 4.4 When accepting work, the acceptance committee inspects the assembled scaffolding as a whole and especially carefully the places of fastening and interfaces. Defects found during inspection are eliminated. Scaffolding is subject to a standard load test for two hours in the presence of the acceptance committee. At the same time, their strength and stability, reliability of fastening to the wall, flooring and fences, and grounding are assessed. The railings of the fence must withstand a concentrated load of 70 kgf applied to them in the middle and perpendicularly. Bearing horizontal connections must withstand a concentrated load of 130 kgf applied in the middle. 4.5 Acceptance of assembled scaffolding is documented in a work acceptance certificate. The certificate of inspection of hidden work is attached to the work acceptance certificate (according to clause 4.1). 4.6 The quality of scaffolding installation is assessed by the degree of compliance of the actual parameters and characteristics specified in the design and normative-technical documentation. The main controlled parameters and characteristics, methods of their measurement and evaluation are given in Table 2.table 2
|
Technological operations |
Controlled parameter |
Allowable value |
Control method and |
Marking extreme points horizontally |
Marking accuracy |
Marking the extreme points vertically |
Theodolite |
Marking intermediate attachment points |
Laser level, plumb line, tape measure |
Drilling holes for plugs |
Depth H, diameter D |
H = screw length D = screw diameter |
Depth gauge, bore gauge |
Distance to opening, building corner |
Not less than 150.0 mm |
Hole cleanliness |
No dust |
Visually |
Installation of shoes |
Thickness of the board lining |
Metal ruler |
Assembly of sections and tiers of scaffolding |
Deviation from verticality |
± 1.0 mm at 2 m height |
Plumb line, ruler |
Deviation from horizontality |
± 1.0 mm per 3 m length |
Level, ruler |
The gap between the building wall and the decking |
No more than 150 mm |
Linear dimensions |
Up to 50 m - ±1% |
Laser tape measure DISTO |
Attaching scaffolding to the wall |
The force that pulls the anchor out of the wall |
Not less than 300 kgf |
Plug monitoring device |
Laying the flooring |
Gap between boards |
No more than 5 mm |
Board protrusions |
No more than 3 mm |
Covering support deck joints |
Not less than 200 mm |
Metal ruler |
Scaffolding grounding device |
Ground resistance |
No more than 15 Ohm |
Tester Shch 4313 |
5 NEED FOR MECHANIZATION, TOOLS, INVENTORY AND DEVICES
The need for fixed mechanization equipment, tools, equipment and accessories is shown in Table 3.Table 3
|
Name |
Type, brand, GOST, |
Technical |
Purpose |
Roof crane |
Type "Pioneer", JSC "TEMZ" |
Load capacity 150-500 kgf |
Raising and lowering scaffolding components and façade elements |
Winch |
Type TL-12, T-66 A |
Traction force 250 kgf |
Plumb line, cord |
FROM 400-1, GOST 7948 Three-strand nylon cord |
The weight of the plumb line is no more than 0.4 kg, length 98 m. Cord length -5 m, diameter 3 mm |
Marking grips, checking verticality |
Laser level |
BL 40 VHR SKB "Stroypribor" |
Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m |
Height measurement |
Laser level |
"Stroypribor" |
Measurement accuracy 0.1 mm/m |
Examination horizontal planes |
Drill |
Interskol DU 1000-ER |
Power 1.0 kW, hole drilling diameter up to 25 mm |
Drilling holes in the wall |
Steel tape measure |
R20UZK, GOST 7502 |
Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg |
Measuring linear dimensions |
Screwdriver with tip |
Screwdriver Profi INFOTEKS LLC |
Reversible lever |
Screwing and unscrewing screws |
Traffic jam control device |
RF 3408.07.000 TsNIIOMTP |
Pulling force - 300 kgf. Dimensions: 1240×1200×175 mm Weight - 7.8 kg |
Checking the strength of the plug in the wall |
Fencing the work area |
Inventory |
Work safety |
Protective mesh for scaffolding |
Type 4.603; 4.504; 4.501.1 from Apex, Vert or other companies |
Made from polymer fibers |
Protection against falling objects from heights |
6 SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
6.1 When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011 must be met. The scaffolding must display a layout diagram and the magnitude of the permissible loads on the scaffolding. More than three people are not allowed on the scaffolding floor. Workers who have the right to work at height are allowed to install scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety belts. 6.2 Fire safety in workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the rules of PPB 01. 6.3 Electrical safety in workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.1.030, POT RM-016. 6.4 When organizing a construction site, a danger zone is established from falling objects from a scaffolding height of 25 m, equal to 7 m. The danger zone is marked with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST 12.4.026. A protective net can be hung on the scaffolding (see Table 3). The danger zone may not be indicated. The location and design of the construction site fencing are adopted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407. 6.5 Warehousing and storage of scaffolding components, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well as SNiP 12-03. 6.6 When working in the dark, the construction site, scaffolding, passages and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without glare from lighting fixtures. 6.7 Scaffolding ladders must be equipped in accordance with GOST 26887. The slope of the stairs to the horizon should be no more than 75°. Stairs must have non-slip steps. 6.8 Loads are lifted onto scaffolding using a winch or roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding using jib cranes is unacceptable. 6.9 Lightning protection of scaffolding must be arranged with a grounding resistance of no more than 15 Ohms. 6.10 During the installation and dismantling of scaffolding, electrical wires located closer than 5 m from the scaffolding are de-energized. During thunderstorms, snowfall and when the wind is more than 6 points, installation or dismantling of scaffolding is not carried out. During installation and dismantling of scaffolding, window, balcony and door openings must be closed. 6.11 The technical condition of scaffolding is monitored before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days. If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then it is allowed to be used after acceptance by the commission (see section 4). The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the logbook in accordance with GOST 24258. Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which can reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation.Application
DEVICE FOR CONTROL OF PLUG JAMING FORCES
The device allows for selective monitoring of the jamming strength of the plug in the wall material. The schematic diagram of the device is shown in the figure below. The device consists of a fixed clamp 1 and a rotary clamp 2, a cross member 3 inserted into a rotary clamp, a bracket 4 inserted into a fixed clamp, and slings 5 and 6. 
Device for monitoring jammed plugs
The assembly of the device is carried out in the following sequence. A clamp 1 with bracket 4 and a block is secured to the internal scaffolding post opposite the plug with the anchor. Below, at a distance of about 400 mm, clamp 2 is secured with crossbar 3. Sling 5 is put on the anchor hook, thrown over the block and secured with a “noose” on the crossbar. Sling 6 is hung on the loop of the crossbar. Clamp 2 is adjusted and secured so that the crossbar takes a horizontal position and rotates freely in the hinge. A control weight of 32 kg is suspended from the free end of the sling 6, which by means of a lever (taking into account the efficiency coefficients in the hinge and block) creates a pulling force of 300 kgf on the anchor hook. Under the influence of this force, the plug should not be pulled out of the wall. Dimensions of the device: length - 1240, width - 175 and height - 1200 mm. Weight does not exceed 8 kg. Using this device, you can not only control, but also measure the force that pulls the plug out of the wall if a dynamometer is inserted between crossbar 3 and sling 6.
