Lighting of staircases of residential buildings. Rules for creating high-quality lighting in the entrance and regulations. Automation schemes for entrance lighting
(5
votes, average: 5,00
out of 5)
Electricity tariffs increase every year, along with them the general house payments for lighting of places increase common use. In this regard, many management companies are beginning to consider the question of how to upgrade lighting in entrances to LED. What solutions exist today and how to make the right choice?
Do you need built-in sensors?
The main goal of introducing LED lighting technology in the housing and communal services sector is savings. The LED solution itself is 8-10 times more economical than a similar one with an incandescent lamp and about 2 times more economical solution with a compact fluorescent lamp, so you can limit yourself to the introduction of lamps without sensors.
But a product with built-in “intelligence” will allow you to additionally save another 60-80% of electricity. At the same time, the additional costs will be quite small. We can conclude that for the housing and communal services sector, lighting equipment with a built-in sensor is an economically viable solution.
Which detection type should I choose?
Most often, the presence of a person on a staircase is determined by sound or movement. The smaller volumes of use of lighting technology with motion sensors in apartment buildings are due to the fact that this type of device is directional, which imposes significant restrictions on the location of the lamp on the staircase. It turns out that in limited space entrance, it is not always possible to replace existing lighting equipment “point to point” while maintaining the installation location. At the same time, connecting electrical networks to a new location is always an additional cost.
Equipment with sound detection is not this deficiency, the accuracy of determining the presence of a person does not depend on the location of the lamp. This is probably one of the reasons that such products are widely used in all regions of Russia without exception. On to the cons acoustic method This includes false alarms, for example, due to extraneous noise on the street or in apartments. But such activations in general, for all solutions installed at the facility, rarely account for more than 3% of the total operating time.
The second sensor that manufacturers integrate into housing and communal services lamps is optical. Its function is to prevent the light in the entrance from turning on during daylight hours if natural light enough. It can be concluded that the best solution is a combination of two sensors in the product, namely optical and acoustic. Such “smart” lighting technology can save up to 98% of electricity. There are facilities where consumers were able to reduce the cost of each light source from 1,500 rubles to 27 rubles per year.
Why do you need standby mode?
To increase comfort and safety, some luminaires have a “standby mode”. In this mode, the equipment operates at full power only when a person is on the staircase, and the rest of the time it emits 20-30% of the declared luminous flux.
There is no longer pitch darkness in the room, there is enough light for the operation of video surveillance systems, in order to see through the door peephole what is happening on the landing. At the same time, energy consumption is extremely low. Perhaps we can already say that the presence of a standby mode is one of the standard requirements customers for lighting technology with sensors in the housing and communal services sector.
What power should I choose?
All other things being equal, the higher the power of the equipment, the brighter the room will be. Today, the optimal total power consumption for housing and communal services lamps is in the range of 6-8 W. This product will replace an analogue with an incandescent lamp with a power of up to 60-75W.
What degree of protection against moisture and dust is sufficient?
The degree of protection is indicated according to GOST 14254 by the letters IP and two numbers. From IP20 to IP68. The higher the index, the higher the protection.
For entrances and other dry rooms, IP20 protection is sufficient; for basements and similar rooms, protection from IP54 and higher is desirable. For lighting at the entrance to the entrance, it is better to choose lamps with IP64 and higher.
Products with acoustic sensors are characterized by a relatively low IP degree, since technological holes in the housing are necessary for more precise work sensors of this type.
How to protect equipment from vandals and theft?
Vandal resistance is a fairly important parameter when choosing solutions for the entrances of residential buildings. Lighting equipment for the housing and communal services sector must withstand significant shock loads while remaining operational.
If the body of such lamps has a streamlined shape, this will also complicate its unauthorized removal from the wall or ceiling. Anti-removal fasteners, plugs, and other design solutions are able to provide sufficient reliable protection from equipment theft.
SA-7008U lamps of the “Perseus” series, as one of the common solutions in housing and communal services
Seems to need replacement existing equipment in the housing and communal services sector, the reliance on modern LED lighting technology with sensors is quite obvious and even inevitable.
As an example of a specific solution that is already widely used in apartment buildings, let us cite the SA-7008U lamp of the Perseus series. This series is produced by the Aktey company, located in St. Petersburg.
SA-7008U series "Perseus" is a multi-mode LED lamp with built-in optical and acoustic sensors.
Power consumption – 8 W, luminous flux – 800 lumens. Power consumption in standby mode is no more than 2 W. Three modes of operation in one product significantly expand the possibilities of application, while both the design and installation organization and the warehouse facilities of the manufacturer and customer continue to work with just one item.
Application of SA-7008U
Lighting of staircases, halls, corridors, lobbies and other premises with periodic presence of people in residential and public buildings. The SA-7008U “Perseus” multi-mode lamp with standby mode and complete shutdown mode is designed to operate in an alternating current network with a voltage of 220 volts.
SA-7008U series "Perseus" is designed for work on staircases, therefore the degree of protection is IP30. The anti-vandal housing can withstand very aggressive external influences. Each product is supplied with special fasteners for protection against theft and the required tools for its installation on site. Thanks to the polycarbonate body, the CA-7008U has electrical safety class II, which means it does not require a grounding line.
The high reliability of the SA-7008U leads to the fact that customers who started using lighting solutions from the Perseus series continue to use them on the next floor, in the next entrance, in the next apartment building.
Characteristics of SA-7008U
– Operating voltage - 160…250 V
– Mains frequency - 50 Hz
– Nomin. power consumption in active mode - 8 W
– Power consumption in standby mode - ≤2 W
– Nominal luminous flux - 800 lm
– Acoustic switching threshold - 52±5 dB (adjustable)
– Optical response threshold - 5±2 lux
– Illumination duration - 60…140 sec. (adjustable)
– Automatic restart of the light off timer
– Sensitivity adjustment - yes
– Adjustable lighting duration - yes
– Power factor - > 0.85
– Protection class electric shock- II
Features of SA-7008U
– To replace lamps of the NBB, NBO and SBO types in housing and communal services.
– The body of the LED lamp is made of impact-resistant polycarbonate.
– Adjustment of acoustic sensitivity.
– Adjustment of lighting duration.
– Original patented shockproof design.
– Special fastening screws that make unauthorized dismantling difficult.
– Network overvoltage protection.
– Soft start system.
– LEDs Nichia, Samsung.
– No flickering or stroboscopic effect.
– Electromagnetic interference suppression filter (EMI filter).
– No protective grounding required.
– Multi-mode with the ability to turn on standby mode (backlight).
Company Aktey develops and produces innovative electrical appliances for energy saving in housing and communal services (HCS), individual apartments, cottages and household plots.
The company's products allow you to save up to 95% of the electricity used to illuminate entrances, staircases, corridors and vestibules public places: modern light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, lamps with built-in optical-acoustic, or infrared sensors presence, as well as built-in energy-saving sensors for the needs of serial manufacturers of lighting equipment.
Aktey company carries out custom (OEM, ODM) development, production or modernization of existing lighting equipment according to technical requirements customer. The products are characterized by ease of installation, ease of operation, reliability and low price.
High-quality lighting of the entrance to an apartment building is an important factor in human comfort. Most often, conventional incandescent light bulbs with a power of 40 to 100 W are used for lighting.
But the use of this type of artificial lighting in modern world becomes irrelevant for a number of reasons:
- Durability of use;
- High consumption of energy resources;
- A high degree of incandescence (up to 360 degrees) can cause a fire.
People began to look for a solution to these problems by using other light sources.
An important condition for maintaining the health of a person living in an apartment building is light in the staircases at night.
Most often, the lamps are located on the landings in such a way that lighting occurs both in the stairwells and in the passages to the apartments.
The set of lamps used for these purposes is very diverse:
- Incandescent lamps. They are cheap in cost, but energetically unprofitable;
- Fluorescent lamps. The cost is several times more expensive. The main problems are disposal after use (due to the mercury contained) and slow start-up due to its heating.
- Energy-saving lamps. The price threshold is relatively higher than the first two options, but it pays off after 3 months of work.
Regardless of the light source, it is easy to control mechanically using a switch. It must be located in a generally accessible area.
If the house has a smoke-free staircase, then its lighting should be carried out automatically from dusk until dawn. Incandescent lamps should not be used in this case, since they belong to the class of fire hazards.
Lighting of entrances in apartment buildings
In many ways, the solution to this problem depends on the type of structure of the residential building itself.
Regulatory documents interpret the following illumination characteristics:
- If the length of the corridor along which residential premises are located is up to 10 meters, then one light source located in the center is sufficient;
- With a length of more than 10 meters, the lamps are located in each wing in the amount of 2 pieces.
In order to save energy, many management companies are switching their buildings to automatic or remote lighting of entrances.
With this method of lighting, a mechanical switch must also be available to enable the light to be turned on independently and, if necessary, to be turned off in case of emergency. For example, in case of fire or gas leak.
Possibility of installing energy-saving lamps in the entrances of apartment buildings
An energy-saving lamp installed in the entrance provides significant energy savings. For 1 hour of uninterrupted operation, it consumes only 11 W, while a conventional incandescent lamp consumes 60 W.
But given its high cost, residents have to think about how to maintain functionality for a longer time. Since no one can insure themselves against acts of hooliganism, they have to make additional expenses by purchasing anti-vandal lamps.
In order for less electricity to be wasted and the lighting to last for a long time, you have to think not only about changing the lamps, but also the cartridges. The energy-saving cartridges have a built-in light sensor and microphone.
When the noise of footsteps appears, the light automatically turns on, and when they subside, it turns off. The same process occurs when natural light in the entrance of a residential building decreases or increases.
Courtyard of an apartment building and its lighting
To prevent traumatic situations great importance have street lamps installed above the sign with the house number, as well as at the entrance itself.
Light makes it possible for every person to protect their life. Residents apartment building can choose to use motion sensor lamps in their yard, which will significantly save their budget.
Installing this type of lighting will not require additional costs other than the purchase of the lamp itself and the selected type of lamps.
Electricity consumption will be regulated by a motion sensor. This option is not suitable if there is constant movement in the courtyard of an apartment building.
It can be:
- Cats;
- Dogs;
- Walking youth;
- If the yard is a roadway to other residential premises;
- If your house is located near a railway.
Light with a motion sensor in the entrance of an apartment building
Lamps with a motion sensor, especially on staircases, are one of the ways to save money financial situation each of those living in the high-rise.
The light turns on only when a person approaches the maximum distance from the motion sensor (specified in the accompanying documents).
Some residents, when installing motion sensor lights, also install CCTV cameras. At the first stage, this causes additional material investments, but in the future it allows you to protect your life.
The light emanating from lamps with a motion sensor can scare even the most seasoned thief in the first seconds.
In this case, even the use of incandescent lamps will be financially justified for the following reasons:
- They have the property of instant inclusion;
- Provide sufficient illumination of staircases in response to movement;
- Installation does not require special skills;
- The light of the lamps complies with the standards set by SanPin.
The choice of lamps for lighting the entrance is carried out by voting by residents of the entrance.
Anti-vandal lamps for entrances
An important point is that lamps located in entrances must comply with permissible lighting standards. This allows you to preserve the vision of each resident, and when using video surveillance cameras, to record trespassers.
Lighting equipment used in entrances must have anti-vandal characteristics. The light should illuminate not only the site, but also affect all paths of human movement.
Remember that only by installing a vandal-proof lamp can you protect yourself from additional material costs.
It is important to know.
- Each resident of a high-rise building has the right to vote at a meeting for any lighting method acceptable to him;
- Insufficient light can cause damage to your health;
- All escape routes must be in full working order according to light resolution in accordance with regulatory documents.
Lighting in the entrances of residential buildings is quite an overhead item for any community of homeowners. Therefore, the question of saving on this type of expense is raised quite often.
Some people reduce the light level by unscrewing some of the lamps, while others optimize the control circuit. We will talk about the possibilities of such optimization in our article.
Requirements for the level and method of controlling illumination of entrances
Lighting standards for various parts of the entrance and utility rooms
Before embarking on questions about the possibility of automating lighting control systems, you should understand the standards imposed by various regulations to this parameter. After all, this will allow us not only to arrange our lamps as efficiently as possible, but will also give us the opportunity to use the optimal automation system in our case.
- As you already understand, GOST entrance lighting for different rooms has a different standard. It is standardized in Table 1 VSN 59 - 88. According to this standard, two types of illumination are distinguished - illumination from fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps. By the way, the so-called energy-efficient lamps are fluorescent.
- First of all, let's look at staircases and floor corridors. The illumination of these areas when using fluorescent lamps should be 10 lux, but if incandescent lamps are used, then the norm is 5 lux. In this case, the standardization plane is the steps and the floor of the corridor.
- GOST for lighting of entrances with elevators is somewhat different. Thus, elevator halls should have an illumination of 20 lux when using fluorescent lamps and 7 lux for incandescent lamps. At the same time, according to clause 2.27 of VSN 59 - 88, the lamp must be installed in such a way that part of the luminous flux is directed towards the elevator doors. The lighting of entrance halls must meet similar requirements.
- If there are wheelchair spaces at the entrance, they should be illuminated using incandescent lamps. In this case, the standard illumination for them is 20 lux, and the normalized surface is the floor.
- Elevator shafts, unless they are made with mesh fencing, must also have lighting. For them, the norm is 5 lux and is given only for incandescent lamps. In this case, a conventional surface three meters from the lamp is taken as the standardized surface.
- GOST lighting for entrances must also correspond to rooms such as a basement or attic. It is recommended to use only incandescent lamps for them. The lighting standard is 10 lux. In this case, not the entire room should be illuminated, but only the main passages. The same standards apply to garbage collection chambers, electrical switchboards and other similar premises.
Note! What, in addition to lighting standards for various rooms, there are standards for light pulsation, color rendering and some other parameters that entrance lighting must also comply with. These standards are given in SNiP II-4-79.
Standards for controlling entrance lighting
Automatic lighting in entrances is constantly being modernized. More and more complex and energy-efficient circuits are emerging, and regulations do not always keep up with these changes.
So:
- First of all, it should be remembered that, according to clause 8.1 of VSN 59 - 88, with any method of lighting automation it must be possible to turn it on manually at any time of the day. This is necessary both for repair work and for various unforeseen situations.
- When installing automation systems that respond to room illumination, provision must be made for timely switching on of lighting for rooms with different natural light. This can be achieved by turning on all the lights when the light level is reduced in the darkest place, or by installing additional light sensors.
- When using various sensors, evacuation or emergency lighting must be provided, which is turned on by a regular switch in addition to the automation. With the onset of darkness, it should be constantly on.
- According to clause 8.15 of VSN 59 - 88, switching devices for turning on the attic lighting must be located outside this room. They are usually located at the entrance. If there are several such inputs, then a switching device must be installed on each one.
- All lighting switching devices must provide a break phase wire. In this case, the presence of phase must be ensured on the secondary circuits of the lighting control system.
Automation schemes for entrance lighting
On this moment A wide variety of automatic entrance lighting systems have been developed and implemented. Analyzing each scheme will take a lot of time, especially since they are often intertwined and combined with each other, so we will consider only the most common and, in our opinion, successful options.
After all, for each individual entrance, the most relevant will be its own lighting scheme, which takes into account the geography of the entrance, location features, number of floors of the building, the consciousness of the homeowners and many other aspects.
Lighting control using push-button stations
This method of lighting control will be successful for low-rise buildings with a sufficient number of conscious citizens. After all, it only provides an opportunity to save, and the residents of the entrance must directly implement these savings.
Its main advantage is its simplicity and price, which is significantly lower than all the options listed below.
So:
- Depending on the type of entrance, this type of control has several possible options. In the first option, this is a push-button post located at the entrance to the entrance, as well as on each floor. When entering the entrance, a person presses the button to turn on the light, and the button pulls the switch to turn on the lighting of the entire entrance. When a person enters home, he presses the light off button, the starter coil is de-energized and the light goes out.
- The second option assumes the possibility of turning on the lighting only from the push-button station flight of stairs. In this case, the floor corridors are switched on from individual push-button posts and act on their own starter. This option is more economical, but somewhat more difficult and expensive to implement.
High-quality lighting in the entrances of apartment buildings is the most important factor comfort of residents. In most cases, ordinary incandescent lamps are used as a light source. But this type of artificial lighting in Lately loses its relevance due to the fragility of use, significant consumption of energy resources, as well as a high degree of incandescence (up to 360°C), which can cause a fire. Today people are looking for alternative light sources.
Lighting in the entrances of residential buildings according to SanPiN standards
First, let's study the basic lighting standards that apply to entrance premises.
According to the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPin, in force in Russia since August 15, 2010, Section five of the “Hygienic requirements for natural and artificial lighting and insolation" (clauses 5.4., 5.5 and 5.6) states that:
- Each entrance and other premises of a residential building must be provided with general and local artificial lighting.
- Illumination where they are located landings, steps of stairs, elevator halls, floor corridors, lobbies, basements and attics, should not be lower than 20 lux on the floor.
- Each main entrance to a residential building must be equipped with lamps that provide illumination of at least 6 lux at the entrance area, for horizontal surfaces– from 10 lux, for vertical surfaces – to a height of two meters from the floor. It is also necessary to illuminate pedestrian path at the entrance to an apartment building.
Moreover, in accordance with clause 7.62 of SNiP 23-05-95, every building with more than six storeys must be equipped with evacuation lighting. This ensures safe evacuation of people from the building in the event that the working lighting disappears.
According to clause 7.63, emergency lighting must illuminate stairs with at least 0.5 lux on the steps. In this case, it is important to observe the condition that the difference between the maximum and minimum illuminated areas does not exceed the ratio of 1:40.
Do not forget about the mandatory presence of emergency lighting on the street. Here the illumination level of the ground should be only 0.2 lux.
- Do not confuse emergency and evacuation exits
Lighting sources in the entrances of residential buildings
According to numerous observations, the light sources in hallways and other common areas in multi-story buildings are light bulbs with an average power of 60 W. Lamps are usually installed without shades, which is a gross violation of the requirements fire safety. In its turn fire danger Incandescent lamps are usually considered in 2 aspects:
- the possibility of fire as a result of contact of the lamp with flammable material;
- the likelihood of fire when hot particles of a light bulb, formed during its destruction, come into contact with nearby combustible materials.
The first aspect is due primarily to the fact that the temperature of the incandescent lamp bulb after one hour of burning reaches 360 ° C (provided that the light bulb power is up to 100 W). This is why dark, smoky circles form on the ceiling above the lamps.
The second factor is improper operation, when, in addition to using a light bulb without a diffuser, the permissible distance to combustible materials is not maintained. This phenomenon is relevant for cramped apartment vestibules, which residents of apartment buildings use as improvised storage rooms.
Safety cannot be guaranteed by sufficient distance alone. A fire hazard can occur due to hot metal particles that are formed when a light bulb burns out. The falling particles can ignite even when falling from a 10-meter height.
Quite often you can encounter a violation when aluminum wires are extended using copper wires with twists. This creates galvanic couple, which destroys the contact (occurs electrochemical corrosion and an increase in contact resistance). All this can lead to a fire due to overheating of the wire connection.
The following main power supply systems are distinguished:
- the entire system without the use of diodes;
- the entire system is turned on when diodes are used;
- various combinations (diodes are partially installed in light bulbs and switches).
A diode is an electronic element that has varying degrees of conductivity depending on the direction of the current. In apartment buildings, it is used to reduce the effective voltage on incandescent lamps and, accordingly, reduce energy consumption and increase the life of the lamps.
Diodes installed in the lighting system in entrances of MKD, lead to flickering of incandescent lamps, which in turn creates additional discomfort.
In this case, the voltage decreases from 220 to 156 V, but it is important to understand that an incandescent lamp is a nonlinear element, so its energy consumption will be reduced by only 42%. In this case, the luminous flux, which is the main parameter of the light source by which the level of illumination in the entrance is assessed, can decrease to only 27%.
This is how incandescent lamps lose their energy efficiency: if a conventional light bulb is characterized by a luminous flux of 800 lm and a power of 60 W (the luminous efficiency indicator is 13.3 lm/W), then as a result of connecting diodes, the luminous flux will be 216 lm and the power will be 34.8 W ( the luminous efficiency in this case is 6.2 lm/W).
In order to compensate for the reduced luminous flux, residents of apartment buildings install higher power bulbs (up to 200 W), which in turn provokes an increase in electricity consumption when the lighting in the entrances is turned on.
That is why it is recommended to install energy efficient sources Sveta. Today, the market offers a range of the following energy-efficient light sources (ELS), which are used as lighting in the entrances of residential buildings: fluorescent lamps (which include CLE), LED lamps and lamps.
Fluorescent lamps have one significant drawback– they contain mercury vapor, so it is necessary to follow the rules for their disposal, and there is also a switch-on delay (the light bulb, as a rule, reaches the nominal luminous flux after a certain period of time). The service life of these devices for lighting in entrances is about 25 thousand hours, but in practice their service life is shorter due to the fact that tungsten electrodiodes often burn out. The switched-on light bulb heats up to sixty degrees, and in the case when it is used as part of closed lamps, heat generation leads to overheating of the electronics and premature failure of the lamp. These devices do not have a warranty period. Also, you should not lose sight of the human factor: cases often arise when light bulbs are stolen by residents themselves in order to then use them to illuminate their own apartment.
LED lamps have one and only one significant drawback: high cost. But this price is justified due to economical energy consumption, even in comparison with CLE. But when you use this lamp in a standard lamp, the quality of light distribution on the illuminated surface may decrease, since it produces a narrow beam of light. So, it is advisable to install LED lamps in chandeliers.
If you are thinking about what to buy as a light source in the entrance - an LED lamp or a lamp, then it is better to give preference to the second option, since LED lamp is subject to the same human factor and the possibility of overheating of electronics (as in the case of CLE).
The modern market offers two types of LED lamps that can be used for lighting in entrances: those based on a driverless circuit, and those using a driver. The main job of the driver is to convert the alternating current and high voltage of the primary circuit into a constant constant current and low voltage that is acceptable for powering the LEDs. Thanks to reduced voltage secondary circuit safety is ensured during electrical installation work of lighting in entrances.
A characteristic feature of the circuit without the use of a driver is that the lamp uses 2070 LEDs low power(up to 0.3 W), which are connected in series to power them high voltage(more than 70 V). Reliability of all technical systems is inversely proportional to the number of elements used. Burnout of any LED can disable the lamp in the entrance. There is no protection system.
The absence of a driver causes incorrect power supply to the LEDs, which in turn reduces the lamp life from 50 to 30 thousand hours. Another significant drawback of such a lamp is the high pulsation coefficient.
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Automatic lighting in the entrances of apartment buildings
Today, a wide variety of automatic systems lighting in entrances. Each entrance has its own lighting scheme, based on the location of the entrance, the number of floors of the building, the integrity of the homeowners and many other factors. Below we will take a closer look at the most common and successful options:
Option 1. Automatic lighting in entrances, controlled using push-button posts.
This method of controlling lighting in hallways is especially suitable for low-rise buildings inhabited by conscientious citizens, since this method makes it possible to save cash. But how this will happen depends only on the residents of the entrance.
Its main advantage is its simplicity and cost, which is much more profitable than other options.
Thus, they highlight various ways lighting control in the entrance:
- The first option is represented by a push-button post located at the entrance to the entrance and on each floor. The process is as follows: a person enters the entrance and presses a button to turn on the light: due to this action, the lighting in the entire entrance is turned on. When entering the apartment, the button is used to turn off the lights - and the lighting goes out.
- Another option is to turn off the lighting using a push-button post, not in the entire entrance, but only on the flight of stairs. This method implies that the light is turned off at each floor corridor separately under the influence of its own starter. This option is somewhat more economical, however, more complex and expensive to implement.
As a rule, push-button posts can be replaced with “pass-through” switch circuits. Electrical diagram in this case it will look much more complicated, but may save money. But such lighting is not suitable for everyone.
- The third method allows you to control lighting in basements, hallways, attics, as well as outdoor lighting from different points that can be selected separately.
- In the event that in your apartment building you cannot rely on the conscientiousness of the residents, you can organize the switching off of the lighting in the entrances using an appropriate timer.
Option 2. Use of light sensors in entrances.
In the case where the entrance is well lit due to natural insolation, light sensors should be used. Of course, this option does not provide significant savings, however, it can be used as an alternative to the switch.
In order to this method to implement, simply install and configure one light sensor, which should be mounted in the darkest place of the entrance.
This device is activated in the dark, provides an impulse to turn on the light using a starter or through its own contacts. In this case, the lighting can work not only in the entrance, but also outside.
Light sensors are usually powered through a regular switch.
Option 3. Use of lighting motion sensors in entrances.
Automatic lighting in entrances is gradually becoming more popular. This option provides significant savings, and no action is required on the part of residents. The main factor in this matter is competent organization, taking into account the characteristics of the entrance.
In order to ensure normal functioning of this scheme, it is necessary to install a sensor on each floor. Sometimes such a device is also installed at the entrance to the entrance. When a person enters the entrance, the sensor located at the entrance is automatically triggered. After which the lighting on the stairs and the 1st floor is turned on. If an elevator is installed in the apartment building, then an impulse is also given to illuminate the passage to the elevator. If necessary, the stairwell is also illuminated.
After the sensor is triggered, the countdown begins until the lighting in the entrance turns off. This time period is quite enough to slowly climb to the second floor.
In the case where there is no elevator in the house, man walking up the stairs and finds himself in the range of sensors located on the second floor. This device is triggered and gives an impulse to turn on the lighting on the stairs and in the corridor of the 2nd floor. So, even after some time, the light on the stairs will not go out.
By the same analogy, lighting is turned on on other floors in the entrances of the apartment building.
In the case where elevator equipment is installed in the entrance, it will be somewhat more difficult to independently create an optimal lighting scheme for the entrance. This is only possible thanks to integration with elevator equipment. It is desirable that when the elevator call button is pressed, an impulse is given to turn on the lighting system. But this option is quite difficult to implement. It is much easier to connect lighting to a limit switch so that the elevator doors open automatically. However, this requires hiring specialists.
That is why the most often used scheme is to turn on the lighting in the entrance using a motion sensor when a person leaves the elevator.
Option 4. Combined lighting schemes for entrances.
As a rule, a combined method is used to illuminate entrances and basements. At the same time, the choice of lighting scheme in the entrances is influenced primarily by the assigned tasks and the type of room. Some lighting methods can be called universal, which are suitable for many rooms.
For example, a light sensor is the main option. When the light level drops, the device reacts and gives an impulse that turns on the main starter, which in turn powers the motion sensors and activates the lighting of the corridors, elevator, as well as insolation outside the house and evacuation lighting. The main lighting of entrances is provided by motion sensors, and in other rooms - by means of ordinary or walk-through switches.
- Repair of apartment building entrances: procedure and responsibility of the management company
Expert opinion
How to save money on lighting public areas
V.D. Shcherban,
Chairman of the HOA “Moskovskaya 117” (Kaluga)
In 2008, an electric meter was installed that takes into account the consumption of the entire volume of electricity spent on equipment located in public areas - from lighting of entrances, equipment of communication providers to automatic gates. At that time, there were no alternative options for MOP. The equipment of communication providers was installed in the apartment building, and an agreement was concluded with them, according to which they had to pay for the electricity consumed. Motion sensors were installed in the entrances, and conventional incandescent lamps were replaced with energy-saving ones. Thus, there was a serious saving in costs for lighting of public areas - about 150 kW/h per month.
Who pays for lighting in hallways, and how is the amount determined?
By general house needs we mean whole line services - from lighting in entrances and elevator operation to wet cleaning of premises and washing of engineering systems.
Previously, electricity consumption for general household needs was indicated in the receipt as a separate item and was called “ONE”, but in January 2017 this column was removed from the bills.
Today, there are 2 options for calculating payment for electricity consumption on one-stage power supply:
- If there is a common house meter.
In the case when a common building meter is installed in an apartment building, the general building needs are determined by Energonadzor employees and representatives of the building, who were elected during a general meeting of residents. Then the difference between the values of the common building meter and the values of the metering devices of each apartment in a multi-story building is calculated. The calculation also takes into account residential square meters, which are not equipped with sensors.
The resulting indicator is distributed among all apartment owners according to the occupied area. Consequently, the larger the total area of the apartment, the more expensive the electricity supply unit costs the owner.
Pay attention to the formula by which the size of one electricity supply unit is calculated in the case when multi-storey building counter installed:
Electricity according to ODN = (Electricity meter indicators - Cumulative amount of electricity consumed in non-residential premises, which are not common property - The total amount of resource in each residential apartment where electricity meters are installed - The volume of electricity consumed in apartments where meters are not installed) × Total area of the apartment × Total area of all apartments in a high-rise building.
- In the absence of a common house meter.
If a multi-storey building does not have a communal electricity meter installed, then in this case the standard set by the regional administration is taken as the unit of payment. You can view this indicator on the region’s official website. The standard is a limit value, but in the case where residents' expenses exceed the established value, they may decide to pay a larger amount if they wish. Of course, such a thing real life can not be.
Formula for calculating ODN for electricity for multi-storey buildings, in which a common house meter is not installed, looks like this:
Volume of one unit = Electricity consumption standard established by the administration × Area of premises included in the common property × Total area of the apartment / Area of all apartments in a high-rise building.
Expert opinion
How to charge fees for general house needs according to the new rules
Olesya Leshchenko,
Executive Director of the Association of Management Organizations "Comfortable Home"
Lyubov Chesnokova,
editor-in-chief of the magazine "Management of Apartment Buildings"
There are 5 steps for calculating payment for one owner:
- Calculate the volume of actually consumed utility resources.
- Determine the standard amount of communal resource.
- The obtained indicators are compared and the largest of them is selected for subsequent calculation.
- Determine the cost of utility resources for the apartment building as a whole.
- The resulting amount is distributed among the apartment owners.
According to the Ministry of Construction, it is advisable to divide the fee among the owners of apartments in an apartment building in accordance with the area they occupy.
Initially, you can include payment for utilities for general house needs without a decision of the meeting of residents of the house (according to Part 10 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of June 29, 2015 No. 176-FZ).
Then you should carefully check that the list of services provided by the company and provides in an apartment building corresponds to the minimum list of works and services approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. The consumption standards for each utility resource on the ODN are presented:
- regulatory technological losses of communal resources (inevitable and justified);
- the volume of utility resources consumed in case of fulfillment of the minimum list of services approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
If the number of works and services provided in accordance with the contract MKD management exceed this minimum list, then it is necessary to organize a meeting of apartment owners in the apartment building to discuss an increase in the amount of payment for utility services in connection with exceeding the standards for the consumption of certain utility resources at the single apartment building.
Who replaces lighting in hallways?
When there is no lighting in the entrance, you can try to independently determine the cause of the breakdown.
There may be no lighting in the entrance due to:
- light bulb malfunction;
- damage to the ceiling;
- wiring shorts;
- breakage of switches;
- failure of the distribution board;
- accidents at the substation;
- carrying out scheduled work by electrical network specialists.
After you independently identify the cause of the problem or discover that there is no lamp in the entrance, replace it, or contact the HOA or management company.
Option 1. Independent replacement of lighting in the entrance.
You can replace a lamp or ceiling lamp in a stairwell yourself, but any other problem must be resolved only with the help of specialists.
To eliminate any such problem in the distribution panel, be sure to turn off the power supply.
Often, there may be no lighting in the entrance simply because the light bulb has burned out, or due to power surges. Also, in order to understand why there is no power supply, you should find out whether there is light in other entrances of your house and nearby buildings.
If you hear a crackling sound or smell a burning smell in the area of the switch or wiring, then you should urgently contact the electrical service.
In order to provide timely lighting in the entrance, on the flight of stairs, in the elevator, in the attic, technical floors and other common areas, residents should collectively solve the problem. Neighbors can take turns changing the light bulbs in the entrance. This way you can save time, however, it is not a fact that all residents will conscientiously fulfill this obligation.
Option 2. Replacement of lighting in the entrance of the HOA or management company.
Sometimes, in order to solve this problem, residents of an apartment building write a corresponding application to the HOA or management company. The HOA is more efficient, since this partnership controls only one or a few houses, unlike management companies, which service dozens of apartment buildings, and sometimes you have to wait quite a long time for a replacement light bulb.
In both cases, the costs incurred in connection with the data technical work, paid by residents. The electricity bill also includes intercom operation, pumping stations and other electrical appliances that are common property. In cases where tenants live in some apartments, this service is paid minus the amount of money that was charged to the landlords.
- The law on silence in Moscow and the region from January 1, 2018 and how the Criminal Code can use it correctly
Thus, if residents have a problem with lighting in the entrance for the reason that a light bulb has burned out, then they have every right to demand a replacement from their management company, because if in the dark one of the owners gets injured in the entrance, then the fault will be entirely lie with the management company.
In the event that the HOA or management authority refuse to fulfill their direct responsibilities or ignore the statements of the residents, then you should contact them with a collective complaint and try again to resolve this issue with lighting in the entrance. In the event that the repeated appeal remains unanswered, the owners have the right to take more stringent measures against the HOA or management company. In order to resolve the current situation, they need to file a complaint with local authorities. And if the issue cannot be resolved peacefully, then you can go to court and demand compensation for moral damage from the management company.
- Residents' complaints about the management company: how to process and systematize applications
What are the possible consequences for the management company if there is no lighting in the entrances?
According to the letter from the Ministry regional development RF dated June 18, 2007, the rules for maintaining common areas in apartment buildings mean maintenance and repair work of electric networks in apartment buildings, as well as lamps. This mainly means performing work aimed at creating favorable conditions to supply electricity to the MOS.
In accordance with Appendix No. 4 of the “List of works for the maintenance of MKD”, the list of these works aimed at maintaining MKD is presented by eliminating any minor malfunction of electrical appliances (from wiping light bulbs, changing burnt-out lamps in common areas to replacing and repairing sockets and switches and minor repairs electrical wiring, etc.).
In Appendix No. 1 to the resolution of the State Construction Committee Russian Federation No. 170 talks about carrying out a scheduled and partial inspection by the management company, as well as the subsequent replacement of burnt-out light bulbs (with starters) with the regularity that is pre-determined in the apartment management agreement.
In addition, Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 provides for the fact that residents of apartment buildings have the right to submit an appropriate application for the elimination of a particular malfunction of engineering equipment and structures. Applications are subject to consideration on the same day when they are received by the Administrative Office, and no later than the next day, the problem with lighting in the entrance must be eliminated. In a situation where the elimination of a particular malfunction requires a long time or the replacement of a spare part that is not currently available, the residents of the apartment building must certainly be notified about the circumstances that have arisen. The same scheme should be used to process requests received by telephone or dispatch communication system.
Each management company is obliged to keep records of accepted applications to eliminate problems with lighting in the entrance, as well as malfunctions of engineering and technical equipment in residential premises and other elements of apartment buildings and ensure strict quality control and deadlines for fulfilling these obligations of the management company.
According to Appendix No. 2 to the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 on the maximum time frame for troubleshooting in the event of unscheduled repairs of individual elements of the apartment building and their engineering and technical equipment, troubleshooting the lighting system at the entrance (implying the replacement of an electric lamp, fluorescent lamp, switch and structural element lamp) must be carried out within 7 days after receipt of the corresponding application from the residents of the apartment building to the MA.
The management company is responsible for the maintenance of the MNP, including the obligation to monitor the serviceability of lighting in the entrances of the MKD. Therefore, the management company must replace burnt out lamps if necessary. It is important to understand that lighting faults in the entrances should be identified and eliminated both as a result of a scheduled inspection carried out by the management authority (according to the schedule for carrying out these works approved by the Criminal Code), and on the basis of an application received from the residents of the apartment building to eliminate the damage.
If the management company does not eliminate the malfunctions in the lighting system at the entrance (including not replacing a burnt-out light bulb), which were identified as a result of a routine inspection or on the basis of an application received from apartment building residents, after 7 days after the corresponding application was received by the management company, this is a violation for which the management company can be brought to justice administrative responsibility.
According to Article 7.22 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses for violation established rules Responsibility is provided for the maintenance and repair of apartment buildings. On officials, who are responsible for the maintenance of apartment buildings, in case of violation of the rules for the maintenance and repair of apartment buildings, an administrative fine is imposed in the amount of 4 to 5 thousand rubles, and for legal entities - from forty to fifty thousand rubles.
The State Housing Inspectorate (SHI) is authorized to monitor the rights and interests of apartment building residents and the state in the process of providing housing and utility services to citizens. GZHI specialists and city administration employees draw up appropriate protocols in case of detection of administrative violations under Article 7.22 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
