System of weather (climate) regulation of multi-apartment high-rise buildings (housing and communal services). Automated heating system control unit Fish contract for installation of a heating system control unit
An automated control unit (ACU) for a heating system is a type of individual heating point, which is designed to automatically regulate coolant parameters (pressure, temperature) in a building heating system depending on the outside temperature and operating conditions.
The ACU consists of a mixing pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains the calculated temperature curve of the coolant, a control valve and a differential pressure and flow controller. Structurally, the ACU is a block on a metal support frame on which are installed: pipeline blocks, a pump, control valves, electric drives, automation, instrumentation (pressure gauges, thermometers), filters, and mud collectors.
The principle of operation of the ACU is as follows: provided that the temperature of the coolant in the direct pipeline of the heating network exceeds the required one (according to the temperature graph), the electronic controller turns on the mixing pump, which adds coolant to the heating system from the return pipeline (i.e. after the heating system) maintaining the required temperature, preventing “overheating” in the building. At this time, the hydraulic regulator closes, thereby reducing the supply of network water.
Reducing the air temperature in buildings at night does not worsen the conditions of sanitary and hygienic requirements, which in turn reduces the consumption of thermal energy and leads to its savings. Possible savings in thermal energy with automatic control are up to 25% of annual consumption.
Rice. 1. Schematic diagram of an automated heating control unit.
Now let's do a little calculation of the effect of introducing an automated control unit in an office building.
In our example, it is planned to modernize the heating system by installing an automatic control system in accordance with current standards and regulations.
Calculation of thermal energy savings when implementing ACU
Thermal energy savings (ΔQ) when installing ACU are determined by the expression:
ΔQ= ΔQ p +ΔQ n +ΔQ with +ΔQ and, (1)
ΔQ p - thermal energy savings from eliminating overheating of buildings in the autumn-spring period, %;
ΔQ n - saving thermal energy from reducing its supply at night, %;
ΔQ с - savings of thermal energy from reducing its supply on weekends, %;
ΔQ and - thermal energy savings by taking into account heat input from solar radiation and household heat release, %.
Saving thermal energy ΔQп from eliminating overheating of buildings in the autumn-spring period of the heating season, when the heat source, to meet the needs of hot water supply, releases coolant with a constant temperature exceeding that required for closed heating systems (see Fig. 2. Temperature graph 130-70) approximately can be determined from table No. 1.
Rice. 2. Temperature chart 130-70.
Table No. 1.
The relative duration of the autumn-spring period for different regions (with different design temperatures of outside air during the heating period), necessary for determining AQ p, can be found in Table. No. 2.
Table No. 2. Relative duration of the autumn-spring period at different calculated outside air temperatures during the heating period.
Saving heat energy AQ n from reducing its supply at night is determined by the expression:
where a is the duration of the decrease in heat supply at night, h/day;
Δt nр in - decrease in indoor air temperature during non-working hours, °C;
t Р в - average calculated air temperature in the premises, °C. Selected according to SNiP 2.04.05-86 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Design standards."
t avg - average outside air temperature for the heating season, °C. Selected according to SNiP 2.04.05-86.
For residential buildings: It is recommended to reduce the heat output from 21:00. A hours, the regulator should turn on the heating at a heat flow rate that ensures the temperature is restored to normal. Normal temperature should be achieved by 6-7 am. The most appropriate temperature reduction = 2 °C (from = 20 °C to 18 °C). For approximate calculations, you can take A= 6-7 hours
For administrative buildings: duration of reduction in heat supply A is determined by the operating mode of the building, for approximate calculations you can take A= 8-9 hours. The most appropriate amount of temperature reduction AC= 2-4 °C. With a deeper decrease in temperature, it is necessary to take into account the ability of the heat source to quickly increase heat output when the outside air temperature sharply decreases. In any case, the temperature value during the night reduction in heat consumption in public buildings should ensure that condensation does not form on the walls at night.
Saving heat energy ΔQс from reducing its supply on weekends is determined by expression (3):
Where b- duration of reduction in heat supply on non-working days, days/week.
(with a 5-day work week b= 2, at 6 days b = 1).
The amount of reduction in indoor air temperature during non-working hours is selected in accordance with the recommendations for formula (2).
Saving heat energy ΔQ and due to taking into account heat input from solar radiation and household heat release is determined by expression (4):
where Δt and in - averaged over the heating season, the excess of indoor air temperature above comfortable due to heat gain from solar radiation and household heat release, °C. Approximately, you can take Δt and = 1-1.5 °C (according to experimental data).
Calculation example:
Office building in Moscow. Opening hours: 5 days a week, from 9:00 to 18:00.
t R in = 18 °C, t avg = -3.1 °C, t R n = -28 °C (according to SNiP 2.04.05-86). It is assumed that the indoor air temperature will decrease by Δtнр в = 3 °С at night (A= 8 hours/day) and weekends (b= 2 days/week). In this case:
Table No. 3. Calculation of the economic effect from the introduction of automated control systems.
|
Options |
Designation |
Unit measurements |
Meaning |
|
|
Saving thermal energy by installing ACU |
ΔQ=ΔQ n +ΔQ with +ΔQ and |
|||
|
Duration of reduction in heat supply at night |
||||
|
Duration of reduction in heat supply on non-working days |
||||
|
Reducing indoor air temperature during non-working hours |
||||
|
Average calculated indoor air temperature |
Determined according to SNiP 2.04.05-91* "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" |
|||
|
Average outside air temperature for the heating season |
Determined according to SNiP 23-01-99 "Building climatology" |
|||
|
Averaged over the heating season, the excess of indoor air temperature above the comfortable temperature due to heat gain from solar radiation and household heat release |
||||
|
Saving thermal energy from eliminating overheating of buildings during the autumn-spring heating season |
ΔQP |
|||
|
Saving heat energy by reducing its supply at night |
ΔQн=((a·Δtрв)/(24·(tрв-tрр))*100 | |||
|
Saving heat energy by reducing its supply on weekends |
ΔQн=((b·Δtрв)/(24·(tрв-tрр))*100 | |||
|
Saving heat energy by taking into account heat gains from solar radiation and household heat emissions |
ΔQн=(Δtв)/(tрв-tрр)*100 |
Thus, the thermal energy savings from installing an ACU will amount to 11.96% of the annual heat consumption for heating.
Annex 1
at the disposal of the Department
and improvement of the city of Moscow
REGULATIONS
PERFORMANCE OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WORKS
AUTOMATED CONTROL UNITS (AUU) OF THE CENTRAL
HEATING HOUSES IN MOSCOW
1. Terms and definitions
1.1. GU IS districts - State institutions of the city of Moscow, engineering services of districts - organizations created through the reorganization of state institutions of the city of Moscow, unified information and settlement centers of the administrative districts of the city of Moscow in accordance with the resolution of the Moscow Government of 01.01.01 N 299-PP "On measures to bring management systems for apartment buildings in the city of Moscow in accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation" and performing the functions assigned to them by the said resolution and other legal acts of the city of Moscow. Unified information and settlement centers of Moscow districts operate as part of the State Information System of Moscow districts.
1.2. Managing organization - legal entity
any organizational and legal form, including HOA, housing cooperative, residential complex or other specialized consumer cooperative, providing services and performing work for the proper maintenance and repair of common property in such a house, providing utilities to the owners of premises in such a house and using the premises in this house persons carrying out other activities aimed at achieving the goals of managing an apartment building and performing the functions of managing an apartment building on the basis of a management agreement.
1.3. An automated control unit (ACU) is a complex heat-technical device designed to automatically maintain optimal coolant parameters in a heating system. An automated control unit is installed between the thermal system and the heating system.
1.4. Verification of ACS components is a set of operations performed by specialized organizations in order to determine and confirm compliance of ACS components with established technical requirements.
1.5. Maintenance of the automatic control unit is a set of works to maintain the automatic control unit in good condition, prevent failures and malfunctions of its components and ensure the specified performance qualities.
1.6. A serviced building is a residential building in which maintenance and current repairs of the ACU are carried out.
1.7. A service log is an accounting document that records data on the condition of the equipment, events and other information related to the maintenance and repair of the automated control unit of the heating system.
1.8. Repair of automatic control unit - current repair of automatic control unit, including: replacement of gaskets, replacement/cleaning of filters, replacement/repair of temperature sensors, replacement/repair of pressure gauges.
1.9. Container for draining the coolant - a water capacity of at least 100 liters.
1.10. ETKS - Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Work and Professions of Workers, consists of tariff and qualification characteristics containing characteristics of the main types of work by profession of workers, depending on their complexity and the corresponding tariff categories, as well as the requirements for the professional knowledge and skills of workers.
1.11. EKS - Unified Qualification Directory of Positions of Managers, Specialists and Employees, consists of qualification characteristics of positions of managers, specialists and employees, containing job responsibilities and requirements for the level of knowledge and qualifications of managers, specialists and employees.
2. General provisions
2.1. These Regulations determine the scope and content of work performed by specialized organizations for the maintenance of automated control units (ACU) for heat supply in residential buildings in the city of Moscow. The Regulations contain the basic organizational, technical and technological requirements when performing maintenance work on automated thermal energy control units installed in central heating systems of residential buildings.
2.2. This regulation has been developed in accordance with:
2.2.1. Law of the city of Moscow No. 35 of July 5, 2006 “On energy saving in the city of Moscow.”
2.2.2. Decree of the Moscow Government dated January 1, 2001 N 138 “On approval of Moscow city building standards “Energy saving in buildings. Standards for thermal protection and heat and water power supply."
2.2.3. Decree of the Moscow Government dated January 1, 2001 N 92-PP "On approval of Moscow City Building Standards (MGSN) 6.02-03 "Thermal insulation of pipelines for various purposes."
2.2.4. Decree of the Moscow Government dated January 1, 2001 N 299-PP “On measures to bring the management system of apartment buildings in the city of Moscow into compliance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.”
2.2.5. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 1, 2001 N 307 “On the procedure for providing utility services to citizens.”
2.2.6. Resolution of the Gosstroy of Russia dated January 1, 2001 N 170 “On approval of the Rules and Standards for the technical operation of the housing stock.”
2.2.7. GOST R 8. "Metrological support of measuring systems."
2.2.8. GOST 12.0.004-90 "System of labor safety standards. Organization of labor safety training. General provisions."
2.2.9. Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations, approved by Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.2001 N 3, order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.2001 N 163 (with amendments and additions).
2.2.10. Rules for the design of electrical installations approved by the Main Technical Directorate, Gosenergonadzor of the USSR Ministry of Energy (with amendments and additions).
2.2.11. Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated January 1, 2001 N 6.
2.2.12. A passport for the automated control unit (ACU) of the manufacturer.
2.2.13. Instructions for installation, start-up, regulation and operation of an automated control unit for heating systems (ACU).
2.3. The provisions of these Regulations are intended for use by organizations carrying out maintenance and repair of automated control units of the central heating system of residential buildings in the city of Moscow, regardless of the form of ownership, legal form and departmental affiliation.
2.4. This Regulation establishes the procedure, composition and timing of maintenance work for automated control units of heating systems (ACU) installed in residential buildings.
2.5. Work on maintenance and repair of automated heating system control units (AHU) installed in residential buildings is carried out on the basis of a maintenance agreement concluded between a representative of the owners of a residential building (management organization, including HOA, housing cooperative, residential complex or an authorized owner-representative in case of direct control).
3. Maintenance log
and repair of automatic control unit (Service log)
3.1. All operations performed during the performance of maintenance and repair work on the automatic control unit are subject to entry into the journal for the execution of maintenance and repair work on the automatic control unit (hereinafter referred to as the Service Log). All sheets of the journal must be numbered and certified with the seal of the Managing Organization.
3.2. Maintenance and storage of the Service Log is carried out by the Management Organization, which manages the Serviced House.
3.3. Personal responsibility for the safety of the journal rests with a person authorized by the Managing Organization.
3.4. The following data is entered into the Service Log:
3.4.1. The date and time the maintenance work was performed, including the time the maintenance team gained access to the technical room of the house and the time it was completed (time of arrival and departure).
3.4.2. Composition of the service team performing technical maintenance of the automatic control unit.
3.4.3. List of works performed during maintenance and repair, time of completion of each of them.
3.4.4. Date and number of the contract for the performance of maintenance and repair work on the automatic control unit.
3.4.5. Service organization.
3.4.6. Information about the representative of the Management Organization who accepted the maintenance work for the ACU.
3.5. The service log refers to the technical documentation of the Serviced House and is subject to transfer in the event of a change in the Management Organization.
and repair of automatic control units
4.1. Maintenance and repair of the automatic control unit is carried out by qualified workers in accordance with the frequency established by Appendix 1 to these Work Regulations.
4.2. Work on the maintenance and repair of automatic control units is carried out by specialists whose specialty and qualifications meet the minimum established requirements of clause 5 of these Technological maps.
4.3. Repairs must be carried out at the installation site of the ACU or at the enterprise directly carrying out the repairs.
4.4. Preparation and organization of work on maintenance and repair of automatic control units.
4.4.1. The management organization agrees with the organization planned to be engaged to carry out technical maintenance of the automatic control unit, a work schedule, which may be an appendix to the technical maintenance agreement for the automatic control unit.
4.4.2. The name and composition of the maintenance team is communicated to the Managing Organization in advance (before the day of the maintenance and repair of the automatic control unit). Residents of the Serviced House must be notified in advance of the work being carried out. Such notification may be made in the form of a notice visible to the residents of the building. The responsibility for notifying residents rests with the Management Organization.
4.4.3. The Management Organization provides the following documents (copies) for review by the Service Organization:
Certificate;
Technical certificate;
Installation instructions;
Start-up and commissioning instructions;
User manual;
Repair instructions;
Warranty certificate;
Factory test certificate of the automatic control unit.
4.5. Access for the technical operation team to the technical room of the Serviced House.
4.5.1. Access to the technical premises of a residential building for carrying out maintenance and repair work on the ACU is carried out in the presence of a representative of the Management Organization. Information about the time of access of the maintenance team to the technical room of the Serviced House is entered into the Service Log.
4.5.2. Before starting work, the readings of the control and measuring devices of the control unit are entered into the Service Log, indicating the identifier of the control and measuring device, its readings and the time they were recorded.
4.6. Maintenance and repair work for automatic control units.
4.6.1. An employee of the maintenance team of the Service Organization performs an external inspection of the ACU units for the absence of leaks, damage, extraneous noise, and contamination.
4.6.2. After the inspection, an inspection protocol is drawn up in the Service Log, which records information about the condition of the connecting pipes, their connection points, and ACU units.
4.6.3. If there are leaks at pipe connections, it is necessary to identify the cause of their occurrence and eliminate them.
4.6.4. Before inspecting and cleaning the ACU elements from contaminants, it is necessary to turn off the power supply to the ACU.
4.6.5. First, turn off the pumps by turning the pump control switches on the front panel of the control panel to the off position. After this, you should open the control panel and switch the automatic circuit preparation machines for pumps 3Q4, 3Q14 to the off position according to diagram 1 (not shown) (Appendix 2). Then the control controller should be de-energized; to do this, it is necessary to move the single-pole switch 2F10 to the off position according to diagram 1.
4.6.6. After completing the above steps, the three-pole switch 2S3 should be switched to the off position according to diagram 1. In this case, the phase indicators L1, L2, L3 on the external panel of the control panel should go out.
4.7. Checking the operation of emergency protection and alarms, servicing electrical equipment.
4.7.1. Turn off the circuit breaker in the control panel of the running pump according to the electrical diagram of the ACU control panel.
4.7.2. The pump should stop (the control panel on the pump will go out).
4.7.3. The green pump operation light on the control panel should go out, and the red pump failure light will light up. The controller display will begin to flash.
4.7.4. The backup pump should start working automatically (the control panel on the pump will light up, and the green light on the backup pump will light up on the control panel).
4.7.5. Wait 1 min. - the backup pump must remain in operation.
4.7.6. Press any button on the controller to reset the flashing.
4.7.7. The L66 card of the ECL 301 controller is yellow side facing out.
4.7.8. Use the up button to go to line A.
4.7.9. Press the circuit selection button I/II twice, the left LED under the card should go out.
4.7.10. The controller display will show the alarm log and the ON value. There should be a number 1 in the lower left corner.
4.7.11. Press the minus button on the controller, the display should change to OFF, a double dash should appear in the lower left corner - the alarm has been reset.
4.7.12. Press the circuit selection button I/II once, the left LED under the card will light up.
4.7.13. Use the down button to return to line B.
4.7.14. Checking the protective function of the electric drive AMV 23, AMV 413.
4.7.15. Turn off the controller power supply according to the electrical diagram of the ACU control panel.
4.7.16. The controller should turn off (the display will go dark). The electric drive must close the control valve: check this using the electric drive position indicator; it must be in the closed position (see the manufacturer's instructions for the electric drive).
4.8. Checking the functionality of heating point automation equipment.
4.8.1. Switch the ECL 301 controller to manual mode according to the manufacturer's instructions.
4.8.2. In manual mode, from the controller, turn on and off the circulation pumps (monitor by the indication on the control panel and the control panel on the pumps).
4.8.3. In manual mode, open and close the control valve (monitor using the electric drive movement indicator).
4.8.4. Switch the controller back to automatic mode.
4.8.5. Check emergency switching of pumps.
4.8.6. Check the temperature readings on the controller display with the readings of indicating thermometers at the locations where the temperature sensors are installed. The difference should not be more than 2C.
4.8.7. In the controller line on the yellow side of the card, press and hold the shift button, the controller display will show the feed and processing temperature settings. Remember these values.
4.8.8. Release the shift button, the display will show the actual temperature values, the deviation from the settings should be no more than 2C.
4.8.9. Check the pressure maintained by the pressure regulator (the differential pressure maintained by the differential pressure regulator), the setting set when setting up the ACU.
4.8.10. Use the adjusting nut of the AFA pressure regulator to compress the spring (in the case of the AVA regulator, release the spring) and reduce the pressure value to the regulator (monitor using the pressure gauge).
4.8.11. Return the AFA (AVA) regulator setting to the operating position.
4.8.12. Using the adjusting nut of the AFP-9 differential pressure regulator (AVP adjusting handle), by releasing the spring, reduce the value of the differential pressure (monitor using pressure gauges).
4.8.13. Return the differential pressure regulator setting to its previous position.
4.9. Checking the functionality of shut-off valves.
4.9.1. Open/turn the stop valve until it stops.
4.9.2. Evaluate the ease of movement.
4.9.3. Using the readings of the nearest pressure gauge, evaluate the shut-off valve's closing capacity.
4.9.4. If the pressure in the system does not decrease or does not decrease completely, it is necessary to establish the reasons for the valve leakage and, if necessary, replace it.
4.10. Cleaning the strainer.
4.10.1. Before starting work on cleaning the strainer, it is necessary to close valves 31, 32 according to diagram 2 (not shown), located in front of the pumps. Then you should turn off valve 20 according to diagram 2, located in front of the filter.
4.10.5. After installing the filter cover, it is necessary to open valves 31, 32 according to diagram 2, located in front of the pumps.
4.11. Cleaning the impulse tubes of the differential pressure regulator.
4.11.1. Before cleaning the tubes of the differential pressure regulator, it is necessary to close valves 2 and 3 according to diagram 2.
4.11.3. To rinse the first impulse tube, you need to open tap 2 and wash it with a stream of water.
4.11.4. The resulting water should be collected in a special container (coolant drain container).
4.11.5. After flushing the first impulse tube, replace it and tighten the union nut.
4.11.6. To flush the second impulse tube, unscrew the union nut securing the second impulse tube, and then disconnect the tube.
4.11.7. To flush the second impulse tube, use tap 3.
4.11.8. After flushing the second impulse tube, reattach the tube and tighten the union nut.
4.11.9. After cleaning the impulse tubes, taps 2 and 3 should be opened according to diagram 2.
4.11.10. After opening taps 2 and 3 (diagram 2), it is necessary to bleed air from the tubes using the union nuts of the differential pressure regulator. To do this, unscrew the union nut 1-2 turns and tighten it after the air comes out of the impulse tube, tighten it. Repeat the operation for each of the impulse tubes in turn.
4.12. Cleaning the impulse tubes of the differential pressure switch.
4.12.1. Before cleaning the tubes of the differential pressure regulator, it is necessary to close valves 22 and 23 according to diagram 2.
4.12.3. To rinse the first impulse tube, you need to open tap 22 according to diagram 2 and wash it with a stream of water.
4.12.4. After flushing the first impulse tube, replace it and tighten the union nut.
4.12.5. To flush the second impulse tube, unscrew the union nut securing the second impulse tube of the differential pressure switch, and then disconnect the tube.
4.12.6. To flush the second impulse tube, use tap 23.
4.12.7. After flushing the second impulse tube, reattach the tube and tighten the union nut.
4.12.8. After cleaning the impulse tubes, taps 22 and 23 should be opened according to scheme 2.
4.12.9. After opening valves 22 and 23 (diagram 2), it is necessary to bleed air from the tubes using the union nuts of the differential pressure regulator. To do this, unscrew the union nut 1-2 turns and tighten it after the air comes out of the impulse tube, tighten it. Repeat the operation for each of the impulse tubes in turn.
4.13. Checking pressure gauges.
4.13.1. For carrying out work on calibrating pressure gauges. Before removing them, it is necessary to close valves 2 and 3 according to diagram 2.
4.13.2. Plugs are inserted into the places where the pressure gauges are attached.
4.13.3. Verification tests of pressure gauges are carried out in accordance with GOST 2405-88 and the Verification Methodology. "Pressure gauges, vacuum gauges, pressure and vacuum gauges, pressure gauges, draft gauges and pressure gauges" MI 2124-90.
4.13.4. Verification is carried out by specialized organizations whose metrological services are accredited by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology, on the basis of an agreement with the Managing Organization or the Service Provider.
4.13.5. Verified pressure gauges are installed in place.
4.13.6. After installing the pressure gauges, it is necessary to open valves 31 and 32 according to diagram 2.
4.13.7. The connections between pressure gauges and connecting pipes of the ACU system must be checked for leaks. The check is carried out visually within 1 minute.
4.13.8. After this, you should check the readings of all pressure gauges and record them in the Service Log.
4.14. Checking thermometer sensors.
4.14.1. A portable reference thermometer and an ohmmeter are used to test thermometer sensors.
4.14.2. An ohmmeter is used to measure the resistance between the conductors of the temperature sensor being tested. The ohmmeter readings and the time they were taken are recorded. At the point where the temperature is taken by the corresponding sensor, the temperature readings are determined using a reference thermometer. The obtained resistance values are compared with the calculated resistance value for a given sensor and for the temperature determined by a reference thermometer.
4.14.3. If the temperature sensor readings do not correspond to the required values, the sensor must be replaced.
4.15. Checking the functionality of indicator lamps.
4.15.1. It is necessary to turn on the three-pole switch 2S3 according to diagram 1 (Appendix 2).
4.15.2. The phase indicator lamps L1, L2, L3 on the front panel of the control panel should light up.
4.15.4. Then press the "Lamp Test" button on the front panel of the control panel. The “pump 1” and “pump 2” and “pump failure” lamps should light up.
4.15.5. After this, you should apply voltage to the 2F10 controller according to diagram 1, then turn on the 3Q4 and 3Q13 circuit breakers (diagram 1).
4.15.6. Upon completion of checking the condition of the lamps, a record of this is recorded in the Service Log.
5. Procedure for performing technical work
maintenance and repair of automatic control units
5.1. Preparation and organization of work on maintenance and repair of automatic control units.
5.1.1. Development and coordination with the management organization of a work schedule.
5.1.2. Access for the technical operation team to the technical room of the Serviced House.
5.1.3. Carrying out maintenance and repair work on automatic control units.
5.1.4. Handover and acceptance of work on maintenance and repair of the automatic control unit to a representative of the Managing Organization.
5.1.5. Termination of access to the technical room of the Serviced House.
6. Repair of automatic control unit
6.1. Repair of the ACU is carried out within the time limits agreed upon between the Management and Servicing organizations.
6.2. Work on the repair of the automatic control unit must be carried out by an energy engineer and a 6th category plumber, depending on the type of repair work.
6.3. A utility vehicle (Gazelle type) is used to deliver workers, equipment and materials to the work site and back, to deliver a faulty automatic control unit to a repair facility and back to the installation site.
6.4. During the repair, units from the reserve fund are installed in place of the repaired ACU units.
6.5. When dismantling a faulty ACU unit, the report records the readings at the time of dismantling, the number of the ACU unit and the reason for dismantling.
6.6. Work on repairs and preparation for verification of the automatic control unit is carried out by repair personnel of a specialized organization servicing this automatic control unit.
6.7. If one of the ACU elements fails, they are replaced with similar ones from the reserve fund.
7. Labor protection
7.1.1. This Instruction defines the basic requirements for labor protection when performing maintenance and repair work on automatic control units.
7.1.2. Persons who have reached the age of 18, who have passed a medical examination, theoretical and practical training, a knowledge test by a qualification commission with the assignment of an electrical safety group of at least III, and who have received a certificate for permission to work independently are allowed to carry out the maintenance and repair of automated control units.
7.1.3. A locksmith may be exposed to the following health hazards: electric shock; poisoning by toxic vapors and gases; thermal burns.
7.1.4. Periodic testing of a mechanic's knowledge is carried out at least once a year.
7.1.5. The employee is provided with special clothing and safety footwear in accordance with current standards.
7.1.6. When working with electrical equipment, the worker must be provided with basic and additional protective equipment to ensure the safety of his work (dielectric gloves, dielectric mat, tools with insulating handles, portable grounding, posters, etc.).
7.1.7. The employee must be able to use fire extinguishing equipment and know their location.
7.1.8. The safe operation of automation devices located in fire and explosion hazardous areas must be ensured by the presence of appropriate protection systems.
8. Final provisions
8.1. When changes or additions are made to regulatory and legal acts, building codes and regulations, national and interstate standards or technical documentation governing the operating conditions of the ACU, appropriate changes or additions are made to these Regulations.
Annex 1
to the Regulations
FREQUENCY OF WORK TO IMPLEMENT INDIVIDUAL TECHNICAL WORKS
OPERATIONS, USE OF MACHINES AND MECHANISMS
Name of work on | Qty | Qualification |
|
Inspection of ACU units |
|||
Turning off the power supply to the ACU | Energy Engineer |
||
Inspection of pumping equipment, instrumentation, | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking incoming and supported | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking the operation of emergency protection and alarms, maintenance |
|||
Failover Test | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking the protective function of the electric drive | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking the indicator lamps on the panel | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking the functionality of heating point automation equipment |
|||
Checking the ECL 301 controller | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking the electric drive | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking the differential pressure switch | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking temperature sensors | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking direct acting regulators | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking the circulation pump | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking the functionality of shut-off valves |
|||
Checking ease of movement | Plumber |
||
Checking for leaks | Plumber |
||
Washing/replacing filters, pressure switch impulse tubes |
|||
Washing/replacing the strainer | Plumber |
||
Flushing/replacing impulse tubes | Plumber |
||
Bleeding the differential air regulator | Plumber |
||
Flushing/replacing relay impulse tubes | Plumber |
||
Bleeding air from the differential relay | Plumber |
||
Verification/verification of instrumentation |
|||
Removing and installing pressure gauges | Plumber |
||
Checking pressure gauges | Energy Engineer |
||
Checking temperature sensors | Energy Engineer |
||
Setting up ACU parameters |
|||
Activating ACU sensor readings | Energy Engineer |
||
Analysis of ACU sensor readings | Energy Engineer |
||
Adjusting ACU parameters | Energy Engineer |
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Use of machines and mechanisms |
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Appendix 2
to the Regulations
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL VIEW OF THE CONTROL PANEL
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
The figure is not shown.
Appendix 3
to the Regulations
HYDRAULIC DIAGRAM OF THE AUTOMATED CONTROL UNIT
CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS OF A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE (AHU)
The figure is not shown.
Appendix 4
to the Regulations
TYPICAL SPECIFICATION OF AN AUTOMATED CONTROL UNIT
CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS OF A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE
Name | Diameter, mm | ||||
Booster pump | |||||
Control valve for | According to the project | According to the project | |||
Electric drive | AMV25, AMV55 | ||||
Magnetic filter | According to the project | According to the project | |||
Pressure regulator "up to | According to the project | According to the project | AVA, VFG-2 with | ||
Impulse tube | |||||
Ball valve with | According to the project | According to the project | |||
Steel ball valve | According to the project | According to the project | |||
Cast iron check valve | According to the project | According to the project | |||
Flexible rubber insert | According to the project | According to the project | |||
Control rods for | According to the project | According to the project | |||
Pressure gauge Ru = 16 kgf/sq. | |||||
Thermometer 0-100 °C | |||||
Ball valve with | |||||
Ball valve PN = 40, | According to the project | According to the project | |||
Ball valve PN = 40, | According to the project | According to the project | |||
ECL301 controller | |||||
temperature sensor | |||||
temperature sensor | |||||
Sleeve for ESMU sensor | |||||
Differential pressure switch | |||||
Damper tube for | |||||
Ball valve with |
- Errors during the implementation of an automatic node
- Additional requirements when putting the heating control unit into operation
- Effective use of an automated heating control unit
An automated control unit is a set of equipment and devices designed to provide automatic regulation of temperature and coolant flow, which is carried out at the input of each building in accordance with the temperature schedule required for an individual building. Adjustments can also be made according to the needs of the residents.
Water heater piping unit.
Among the advantages of the ACU, when compared with elevator and thermal units that have a fixed cross-section of the passage opening, is the possibility of varying the amount of coolant, which depends on the temperature of the water in the return and supply pipelines.
An automated control unit is usually installed alone for the entire building, which distinguishes it from an elevator unit, which is mounted on each section of the house.
In this case, the installation is carried out after the unit that takes into account the thermal energy of the system.
Image 1. Schematic diagram of an ACU with mixing pumps on a jumper for temperatures up to ACU t = 150-70 ˚C with one- and two-pipe heating systems with thermostats (P1 - P2 ≥ 12 m water column).
The automated control unit is represented by a diagram illustrated in PICTURE 1. The diagram provides: an electronic unit (1), which is represented by a control panel; external temperature level sensor (2); temperature sensors in the coolant in the return and supply pipelines (3); valve for regulating flow, equipped with a gear drive (4); valve for adjusting the differential pressure (5); filter (6); circulation pump (7); check valve (8).
As the diagram shows, the control unit fundamentally consists of 3 parts: network, circulation and electronic.
The network part of the ACU includes a coolant flow regulator valve with a gear drive, a differential pressure regulator valve with a spring control element and a filter.
The circulation part of the control unit includes a mixing pump with a check valve. A pair of pumps are used for mixing. In this case, pumps must be used that satisfy the requirements of the automatic unit: they must operate alternately with a cycle of 6 hours. Their operation should be monitored by a signal from a sensor that is responsible for the pressure difference (the sensor is installed on the pumps).
Advantages and principle of operation of the automatic unit
Heating and hot water control unit according to an open circuit.
The electronic part of the control unit includes an electronic unit or the so-called control panel. It is designed to provide automatic control of pumping and thermal mechanical equipment to maintain the required temperature schedule. With its help, the hydraulic schedule is maintained, which should form the basis of the heating system of the entire building.
The electronic part also contains an ECL card, which is intended for programming the controller, the latter is responsible for the thermal mode. The system also includes an outdoor temperature sensor, which is installed on the northern façade of the building. Among other things, there are temperature sensors for the coolant itself in the return and supply pipelines.
Return to contents
Control unit for heating and hot water supply according to an independent heating circuit and hot water supply according to a closed circuit.
Errors can occur even at the time of planning and subsequent organization of work on the implementation of a heating system. Certain mistakes are often made when choosing a technical solution. You should not miss the rules for installing an individual heating point. Ultimately, at the time of installation of the heating control unit, duplication of the functionality of the equipment that is installed in the central heating center may occur; this, in turn, contradicts the rules for operating heating installations. Thus, installing heating control units with a balancing valve can lead to high hydraulic resistance in the system, which will entail the need to replace or reconstruct thermal and mechanical equipment.
Non-comprehensive installation of heating control units can also be called a mistake, which will certainly disrupt the established thermal and hydraulic balance in intra-block networks. This will cause deterioration in the performance of the heating system of almost every connected building. It is necessary to make thermal adjustments during operation of the heating equipment.
Often errors occur during the input of the heating control unit at the design stage. This is due to the lack of working designs, the use of a standard design, devoid of calculations, linking and selection of equipment to certain conditions. The consequence is a violation of heat supply regimes.
Return to contents
Heating and hot water control unit according to an independent circuit.
The selected installation diagrams for heating control units may not correspond to the required ones, which negatively affects the heat supply. It also happens that at the time of commissioning the system, the technical conditions used do not correspond to the real parameters. This may lead to the wrong choice of node layout.
At the time of commissioning the automation unit, it should be taken into account that the heating system may have previously undergone major repairs and reconstruction, during which the circuit could have been changed from a single-pipe to a two-pipe. Problems may arise when the calculation of a unit is made for a system that existed before reconstruction.
The system commissioning process should be carried out outside of winter so that the system can be launched in a timely manner.
Scheme of an automated control unit for the heating system (AHU) of a house.
It should be remembered that air temperature sensors must be mounted on the north side, which is necessary for correct temperature setting; in this case, solar radiation will not be able to affect the heating of the sensor.
During the commissioning process, backup power to the node must be provided, which will help avoid stopping the central heating system during a power outage. It is necessary to carry out adjustment and adjustment work, as well as noise reduction measures, and maintenance of the unit must take place. It should be noted that failure to comply with one or more rules may lead to the system not warming up, and the lack of muffling equipment will lead to uncomfortable noise.
The implementation of the control unit must be accompanied by verification of the issued technical specifications; they must correspond to the actual data. And technical supervision must be carried out at each stage of work. After all work on the system has been completed, maintenance of the unit should begin, which is carried out by a specialized organization. Otherwise, downtime of expensive equipment of an automated unit or its unqualified maintenance can lead to failure and other negative consequences, including loss of technical documentation.
Return to contents
An example of a diagram of a control unit for heating systems and heat supply installations.
The use of the unit will be most effective in cases where the house has subscribed elevator units of heating systems that are directly connected to the city heat main networks. Such use will also be effective in the conditions of end houses connected to central heating stations, where there are insufficient pressure drops in the central heating system with the obligatory installation of central heating pumps.
The efficiency of use is also noted in houses that are equipped with gas water heaters and central heating; such buildings may also have a decentralized hot water supply.
It is recommended to install automated units comprehensively, covering all non-residential and residential buildings that were connected to the central heating point. Installation and delivery, as well as subsequent acceptance into operation of the entire system and associated equipment of the unit must be carried out simultaneously.
It should be noted that with the installation of an automated unit, the following measures will be effective:
- Converting the central heating station, which has a dependent connection scheme for individual heating systems, to one that will be independent. In this case, installing an expansion membrane tank at a heating point will also be effective.
- Installation in a central heating substation, which is characterized by a dependent circuit for connecting equipment similar to an automated control unit.
- Carrying out the adjustment of intra-block central heating networks with the installation of throttle diaphragms and design nozzles at the input and distribution nodes.
- Converting dead-end hot water systems to circulation circuits.
https://youtu.be/M9jHsTv2A0Q
The operation of exemplary automated units has shown that the use of automatic control units in conjunction with balancing valves, thermostatic valves and the implementation of insulation measures can save up to 37% of thermal energy, providing comfortable living conditions in each of the premises.
1poteply.ru
Installation of automatic control units
Installation of an automated control unit (ACU) of a central heating system allows you to provide:
Monitoring the implementation of the required temperature schedule of both supply and return coolant depending on the outside air temperature (preventing the building from overheating);
The function of rough cleaning of the coolant supplied to the heating system;
From all of the above, it follows that the main motivation for using ACU for a central heating system is, first of all, the technical need to ensure the functioning of a modern energy-efficient heating system equipped with thermostats and balancing valves.
The use of thermostats and automatic balancing valves makes a significant difference modern systems from previously used unregulated heating systems.
Variable hydraulic operating mode of the heating system, associated with the dynamics of the thermostatic valves.
Installation of automatic balancing valves on central heating system risers
For stable operation of the heating system in all operating modes (and not just in design conditions at -28? C), it is necessary to use automatic balancing valves.
Automatic balancing valves are designed, first of all, to create favorable hydraulic conditions for the efficient operation of thermostats.
Automatic balancing valves also provide:
Hydraulic balancing (linking) of individual rings of the heating system, i.e. distribute the required (design) coolant flow evenly along the risers of the heating system;
Dividing the heating system into hydraulic zones that do not affect the operation of each other;
Elimination of the phenomenon of excessive consumption of coolant along the risers of the heating system;
Significant simplification of work on setting up (readjusting) the heating system;
They stabilize the dynamic operating mode of the heating system due to the response of radiator thermostats to changes in temperature inside the living space.
Installation of radiator thermostats on heating devices
Individual quantitative regulation of thermal energy can be realized by using thermostats on heating devices.
Radiator thermostats are means of individually regulating air temperature in heated rooms, maintaining it at a constant level set by the consumer himself.
Thermostats allow:
Use the free amount of excess heat from people, household appliances, solar radiation, etc., directing it as much as possible for space heating and thereby saving thermal energy and funds to pay for it;
Provide comfortable temperature indoors, providing the most comfortable living conditions;
Eliminate temperature regulation in rooms due to open vents, thereby maximizing the conservation of thermal energy indoors and reducing consumption hot water to the heating system.
With this integrated approach to automating the central heating system, the following is achieved:
Maximum heat savings;
High level of living comfort;
Interaction of all elements of the system;
Automated control unit (AUU)
Until now, an elevator coolant mixing unit was used at the entrance to the building. This elementary device is suitable only for heating systems in which the task of energy saving was not set.
The main fundamental distinctive features of modern energy-saving systems are:
Increased hydraulic resistance of the heating system compared to older systems;
Variable hydraulic operating mode of the heating system, associated with the dynamics of the thermostatic valves;
Increased requirements for maintaining the design pressure drop.
As a consequence, the use of elevator units in such systems in any design becomes impossible, because:
The elevator is not able to overcome the increased hydraulic resistance of the heating system;
The presence of elevator units in a heating system with thermostatic valves leads to overheating of the risers during the warm period of the heating season and their cooling during periods of significant cooling;
The elevator, as a device with a constant mixing coefficient, does not prevent the danger of overestimating the temperature of the return coolant that occurs when the thermostats operate, and ensure the maintenance of the temperature schedule.
The above-mentioned technical disadvantages of using an elevator indicate the need to replace it with automated control units (ACU), which provide:
Pump circulation of coolant in the heating system;
Monitoring compliance with the required temperature schedule of both supply and return coolant (prevention of overheating and overcooling of buildings);
Maintaining a constant pressure drop at the entrance to the building, which ensures that the automatic heating system operates in the design mode;
The function of rough cleaning of the coolant supplied to the system in operating mode and cleaning of the coolant when the system is filled;
Visual monitoring of parameters of temperature, pressure and pressure drop of the coolant at the inlet and outlet of the ACU;
Opportunity remote control parameters of the coolant and operating modes of the main equipment, including alarms.
From all of the above, it follows that the main motivation for the use of automated control units is, first of all, the technical need to ensure the functioning of a modern energy-efficient heating system equipped with thermostats and other control devices.
Ready project bindings, depending on further ownership of the operation, are agreed upon by the heat supply organization.
The automated control unit consists of:
Pump with variable frequency drive;
Shut-off valves (Ball Valves);
Control valves (valve with electric drive);
Hydraulic pressure regulators of direct action (pressure differential or “upstream”);
Pipe fittings(filters, check valves);
Instrumentation devices (pressure gauges, thermometers);
External and internal air temperature sensors and differential pressure switches;
Control panel with built-in controller.
Local regulation
High-quality local automatic control of coolant parameters for a heating system can only be carried out if there is an electric circulation pump in its circuit.
Digital electronic controllers of the series are used for regulation. These controllers, based on the relationship between the readings of the coolant temperature sensors and the outside air, control the motor control valves through which the coolant is supplied from the heating system.
The ACU has a large range of actuators - globe and three-way control valves, which are driven by electric drives.
Actuators differ in power and speed of movement of the rod, and the presence of a return spring that closes or opens the valve when the power supply disappears. In order to stabilize the hydraulic regimes of external heating networks and to ensure the operation of actuators in the optimal pressure range, a differential pressure regulator is installed at the entrance to the building, or a pressure regulator is installed “upstream” on the return pipeline.
Automatic balancing valves
Automatic balancing valves are installed on risers or horizontal branches of two-pipe heating systems in order to stabilize the pressure drop in them at the level required for optimal performance automatic radiator thermostats. Used for major repairs apartment buildings balancing valves for two-pipe heating systems are a constant pressure differential regulator, the control membrane of which is supplied with a positive pressure pulse from the supply riser of the heating system through the impulse tube and a negative pulse from the return riser through the internal channels of the valve.
The impulse tube is connected to the supply riser through a shut-off valve or a shut-off and balancing valve. The balancing valve is reconfigurable. It can support differential pressures in the ranges of 0.05-0.25 or 0.2-0.4 bar.
The valve is adjusted to the pressure drop adopted in the design by rotating its spindle a certain number of revolutions from the closed position. The valve is also a shut-off valve.
In addition, valves DN = 15–40 mm have a drain valve for draining the heating system riser.
Automatic balancing valves type AB-QM are installed on risers or horizontal branches of single-pipe heating systems in order to maintain a constant coolant flow in them.
The AB-QM balancing valves are adjusted by turning the ring intended for this purpose until the mark on it aligns with the number on the scale indicating the percentage (%) of the maximum flow rate according to the line of the table.
Radiator thermostats
Thermostats used in major home renovations are a combination of two parts: a control valve, type RTD-N or RTD-G, and an automatic thermostatic element, usually RTD.
Design and principle of operation of the thermostatic element
The thermocouple is the main automatic control device. Inside the RTD type thermoelement there is a closed corrugated container - a bellows, which is connected through the thermoelement rod to the spool of the control valve.
The bellows is filled with a gaseous substance that changes its state of aggregation under the influence of changes in air temperature in the room. As the air temperature decreases, the gas in the bellows begins to condense, the volume and pressure of the gaseous component decrease, the bellows stretches (see design features in Fig. 3), moving the valve stem and spool towards opening. The amount of water passing through heating device, increases, the air temperature rises. When the air temperature begins to exceed a predetermined value, the liquid medium evaporates, the volume of gas and its pressure increase, the bellows compresses, moving the rod with the spool towards closing the valve.
Radiator thermostat valves for two-pipe heating systems
The RTD-N valve is a valve of increased hydraulic resistance with pre-installation adjustment of its maximum flow capacity. Valves are used with a nominal diameter from 10 to 25 mm, straight and angular, nickel-plated.
Main technical characteristics of RTD-N valves:
Radiator thermostat valves for single-pipe heating systems RTD-G - a valve of reduced hydraulic resistance without a device to limit its capacity. The valves are used with a nominal diameter of 15 to 25 mm with a nickel-plated body. They also come in straight and angular shapes.
The main technical characteristics of RTD-G valves are given below:
Installation and adjustment of automated heating systems
Automated systems heating systems do not require complex instrument setup. All adjustment of systems carried out in accordance with the project comes down to the following:
1. Setting the presets of the valves of radiator thermostats to the throughput values calculated and specified in the project (setting indices). The adjustment is made without the use of any tools by turning the tuning crown until the digital index on it aligns with the mark drilled on the valve body. The setting is hidden from outside interference under a thermostatic element installed on the valve.
2. Setting up the automatic balancing valve ASV-PV in two-pipe system heating to the required pressure drop. When shipped from the factory, the ASV-PV is set to a differential pressure of 10 kPa. A hex key is used for adjustment. The valve must first be fully opened by rotating its handle counterclockwise. Then insert the key into the hole of the rod and rotate it clockwise until it stops, after which the key is again turned counterclockwise by the number of turns corresponding to the required adjustable pressure difference. Thus, to adjust the ASV-PV valve with a setting range of 0.05–0.25 bar to a pressure difference of 15 kPa, the key must be turned 10 turns, and to adjust to 20 kPa - 5 turns. 3. Setting the automatic balancing valve AB-QM in single pipe system heating at the calculated flow rate through the riser. The adjustment is made by manually turning the adjustment ring of the AB-QM valve until the flow value, expressed as a percentage (%) of maximum flow through a valve of the accepted diameter, with a red mark on the valve neck.
Setting the thermostat to the required temperature
In order for the thermostat to be ready for operation, a thermostatic head must be installed on it. All you need to do is set the desired heating level on the thermostatic head. After this, the thermostat will independently maintain the set temperature in the room, increasing or decreasing the flow of hot water through the heating device. You can also set any intermediate temperature value.
This way, you can set each room to its own temperature, regardless of the temperature in other rooms. For reliable and accurate operation, do not block the thermostat with furniture or curtains to ensure constant air flow.
The thermostat does not require maintenance, is not sensitive to the composition and temperature of the water, and its performance is not affected by breaks in heating season.
teploobmenniki64.ru
Automated control units for engineering systems: what you need to know when planning a major overhaul of apartment buildings
We will help you understand the concepts associated with control units for heating and hot water systems, as well as the conditions and methods of using these units. After all, inaccuracy of terminology can lead to confusion in determining, for example, the permitted type of work during the overhaul of a multi-unit building.
The equipment of the control unit reduces the consumption of thermal energy to the standard level when it enters the MKD in an increased volume. A common terminology should correctly reflect functional load borne by such equipment. There is no desired unity yet. And misunderstandings arise, for example, when replacing a unit of an outdated design with a modern automated one is called unit modernization. In this case, the outdated unit will not be improved, that is, not modernized, but simply replaced with a new one. Replacement and modernization are independent types of work.
Let's figure out what it is - an automated control unit.
- Development of communal infrastructure: measure seven times...
What types of control units are there for heating and water supply systems?
Control units for any type of energy or resource include equipment that directs this energy (or resource) to consumers and, if necessary, regulates its parameters. Even a collector in a house can be classified as a thermal energy control unit, receiving coolant with the parameters necessary for the heating system and directing it to various branches of this system.
In MKDs connected to the heating network with high parameters coolant (water superheated to 150 °C), elevator units and automated control units can be installed. DHW parameters can also be adjusted.
In the elevator unit, the coolant parameters (temperature and pressure) are reduced to the specified values, that is, one of the main control functions is carried out - regulation.
In the automated control unit, automation with feedback regulates the parameters of the coolant, ensuring the desired air temperature in the room, regardless of the outside air temperature, and maintains the required pressure difference in the supply and return pipelines.
Automated heating system control units (AHU SO) can be of two types.
In the AUU of the first type, the coolant temperature is brought to the specified values by mixing water from the supply and return pipelines using network pumps, without installing an elevator. The process is carried out automatically using feedback from a temperature sensor installed in the room. The coolant pressure is also automatically adjusted.
Manufacturers give automated units of this type a variety of names: heat control unit, weather control unit, weather control unit, weather control mixing unit, automated mixing unit, etc.
Subtlety
The adjustment must be complete
Some enterprises produce automated units that regulate only the temperature of the coolant. The absence of a pressure regulator can cause an accident.
AUU SO of the second type includes plate heat exchangers and forms independent system heating. Manufacturers often call them heating points. This is not true and causes confusion when placing orders.
In MKD DHW systems, liquid thermostats (TRR) can be installed, which regulate the water temperature, and automated DHW system control units that ensure the supply of water at a given temperature according to an independent circuit.
As you can see, not only automated nodes can be classified as control nodes. And the opinion that outdated elevator units and TRZ are incompatible with this concept is incorrect.
The formation of an erroneous opinion was influenced by the wording in Part 2 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation: “nodes for controlling and regulating the consumption of thermal energy, hot and cold water, gas." It cannot be called correct. Firstly, regulation is one of the functions of management, and this word should not have been used in the above context. Secondly, the word “consumption” can also be considered redundant: all the energy entering the node is consumed and measured by instruments. At the same time, there is no information about the target to which the control unit directs thermal energy. We can say more specifically: a control unit for thermal energy spent on heating (or hot water supply).
By managing thermal energy, we ultimately control heating or hot water systems. Therefore, we will use the terms “heating system control unit” and “DHW system control unit.”
Automated units are new generation control units. They meet the most modern requirements for the subject of managing heating and hot water systems, and make it possible to raise the technological level of these systems to complete automation of the processes of regulating the parameters of the temperature regime of indoor air and water in the hot water supply, as well as automation of heat consumption metering.
Elevator units and TRZ, due to their design, cannot meet the above requirements. Therefore, we classify them as control units of the previous (old) generation.
So, let's summarize the first results. There are four types of control units for heating and hot water systems. When choosing a control unit, find out what type it is.
- Repair work on water pipes using a “spray pipe”
Can you trust the names?
Manufacturers of control units based on mixing coolant from the supply and return pipelines often call their products weather regulators. This name does not reflect their properties and purpose at all.
The automated control unit does not regulate the weather. Depending on the outside air temperature, it regulates the temperature of the coolant. This way the room maintains the desired air temperature. But automated units with heat exchangers and even elevator units do the same thing (but with less accuracy).
Therefore, let’s clarify the name: automated unit (mixing type) for controlling the heating system. Next, you can add its name assigned by the manufacturer.
Manufacturers of automated control units with heat exchangers usually call their products heat points (TS). Let's turn to the regulatory documents.
To make sure that it is incorrect to identify automated units with TP, let us turn to SNiP 41-02-2003 and their updated version - SP 124.13330.2012.
SNiP 41-02-2003 " Heating network» consider a heating point as a separate room that meets special requirements, which houses a set of equipment for connecting consumers of thermal energy to the heating network and giving this energy the specified parameters for temperature and pressure.
SP 124.13330.2012 defines a heat station as a structure with a set of equipment that allows you to change the thermal and hydraulic conditions of the coolant, provide accounting and regulation of the consumption of thermal energy and coolant. This is a good definition of a TP, to which the function of connecting equipment to the heating network should be added.
In the Rules technical operation thermal power plants (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) TP is a set of devices located in a separate room, providing connection to the heating network, control of heat distribution modes and regulation of coolant parameters.
In all cases, the TP links together the complex of equipment and the room in which it is located.
SNiP divides heating points into free-standing, attached to buildings and built into buildings. In MKD, TPs are usually built-in.
A heating point can be group or individual - serving one building or part of a building.
Now let's formulate a correct definition.
An individual heating point (IHP) is a room in which a set of equipment is installed for connecting to the heating network and supplying consumers with an MKD or one part of it with coolant with regulation of its thermal and hydraulic conditions to give the coolant parameters a given value for temperature and pressure.
IN this definition ITP places the main importance on the room in which the equipment is located. This was done, firstly, because such a definition is more consistent with the definition presented in SNiP and SP. Secondly, it warns about the incorrectness of using the concepts ITP, TP and the like to designate automated control units for heating and hot water supply systems manufactured at various enterprises.
Let us also clarify the name of the control unit of the type under consideration: an automated unit (with heat exchangers) for controlling the heating system. Manufacturers may indicate proper name products.
- About the situation in the heat supply, water supply and sanitation industries
How to qualify work with the control unit
Certain works are associated with the use of automated control units:
- installation of control unit;
- repair of control unit;
- replacing the control unit with a similar one;
- modernization of the control unit;
- replacement of an outdated design unit with a new generation unit.
Let us clarify what meaning is embedded in each of the listed works.
Installation of the control unit implies its absence and the need for installation in the MKD. This situation may arise, for example, when two or more houses are connected to one elevator unit (houses on a coupling) and it is necessary to install an elevator unit on each house to be able to separately account for heat energy consumption and increase responsibility for the operation of the entire heating system in each house. Any control unit can be installed.
Control unit repair engineering systems ensures the elimination of physical wear and tear with the possibility of partial elimination of obsolescence.
Replacing the unit with a similar one that does not have physical wear assumes the same result as when repairing the unit, and can be done instead of repair.
Modernization of a node means its renewal, improvement with complete elimination physical and partially obsolete wear and tear within the existing design of the unit. Both direct improvement of an existing unit and its replacement with an improved unit are all types of modernization. An example is the replacement of an elevator unit with a similar unit with an adjustable elevator nozzle.
Replacing units of an outdated design with units of a new generation involves the installation of automated control units for heating and hot water systems instead of elevator units and fuel distribution units. In this case, physical and moral wear and tear is completely eliminated.
All these are independent types of work. This conclusion is confirmed by Part 2 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation, where as an example independent work The installation of the thermal energy control unit is shown.
Why do you need to determine the type of work?
Why is it so important to classify this or that work related to control units as a certain type of independent work? This is of fundamental importance when performing selective overhaul. Such repairs are carried out from the capital repair fund, formed through mandatory contributions from the owners of premises to the apartment building.
The list of works on selective major repairs is given in Part 1 of Art. 166 Housing Code of the Russian Federation. The above-mentioned independent works were not included. However, in Part 2 of Art. 166 of the RF Housing Code states that a subject of the Russian Federation may supplement this list with other works by the relevant law. In this case, it becomes fundamentally important that the wording included in the list of work corresponds to the nature of the planned use of the control unit. Simply put, if a unit was to be modernized, then the list should include work with exactly the same name.
St. Petersburg expanded the list of overhaul works
In 2016, the Law of St. Petersburg dated December 11, 2013 No. 690–120 “On major repairs of common property in apartment buildings in St. Petersburg” included the following independent work in the list of works for selective major repairs: installation of control units and regulation of thermal energy, hot and cold water, electricity, gas.
The wording is completely borrowed from the Housing Code of the Russian Federation with all the inaccuracies that we noted earlier. At the same time, it clearly indicates the possibility of installing a control unit and regulation of thermal energy, i.e., a control unit for the heating system and hot water supply system, during selective major repairs carried out in accordance with this law.
The need to perform such independent work is due to the desire to separate houses on a coupling, i.e., houses whose heating systems receive coolant from one elevator unit, and install on each house its own heating system control unit.
The amendment made to the law of St. Petersburg allows the installation of both a simple elevator unit and any automated control unit for engineering systems. But it does not allow, for example, replacing an elevator unit with an automated control unit at the expense of the capital repair fund.
- In the morning, a loan - in the evening, major repairs in the apartment building
Automated mixing units, which do not include a pressure regulator, are not recommended for use in high-temperature heat supply networks. Automated DHW system control units should be installed only with heat exchangers forming a closed DHW system.
conclusions
- Control nodes include all nodes that direct energy into the heating or hot water system with the regulation of its parameters - from outdated elevators and fuel distribution centers to modern automated nodes.
- When considering proposals from manufacturers and suppliers of automated control units, it is necessary to recognize, behind the beautiful names of weather controllers and heating units, which of the following types of units the proposed product belongs to:
- automated mixing-type unit for heating system control;
- automated unit with heat exchangers for controlling a heating system or hot water supply system.
After determining the type of automated unit, you should study in detail its purpose, technical characteristics, cost of the product and installation work, operating conditions, frequency of repair and replacement of equipment, operating costs and other factors.
- When deciding to use an automated control unit for engineering systems during selective major repairs of apartment buildings, you need to make sure that the selected type of independent work for installation, repair, modernization or replacement of the control unit exactly corresponds to the name of the work included in the list of capital works by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation MKD repair. Otherwise, the selected type of work to use the control unit will not be paid for from the capital repair fund.
www.gkh.ru
Automated heating system control unit
Brief description of the device
An automated control unit for a heating system is a type of individual heating point and is designed to control the parameters of the coolant in the heating system depending on the outside temperature and operating conditions of the buildings.
The unit consists of a correction pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains a given temperature schedule, and differential pressure and flow regulators. Structurally, these are pipeline blocks mounted on a metal support frame, including a pump, control valves, elements of electric drives and automation, instrumentation, filters, and mud collectors.
The automated control unit for the heating system contains control elements from Danfoss and a pump from Grundfoss. The complete set of control units is made taking into account the recommendations of Danfoss specialists, who provide consulting services when developing these nodes.
The node works as follows. When conditions arise when the temperature in the heating network exceeds the required one, the electronic controller turns on the pump, which adds as much cooled coolant from the return pipeline to the heating system as is necessary to maintain the set temperature. The hydraulic water regulator, in turn, closes, reducing the supply of network water.
Operating mode of the automated heating system control unit in winter time 24/7, the temperature is maintained in accordance with the temperature schedule with correction based on the return water temperature.
At the customer's request, a temperature reduction mode in heated rooms can be provided at night, on weekends and holidays, which provides significant savings.
Reducing the air temperature in residential buildings at night by 2-3°C does not worsen sanitary and hygienic conditions and at the same time provides savings of 4-5%. In production and administrative public buildings Saving heat by lowering the temperature during non-working hours is achieved to an even greater extent. The temperature during non-working hours can be maintained at 10-12 °C. Total heat savings with automatic control can be up to 25% of annual consumption. During the summer, the automated unit does not work.
The plant produces automated heating system control units, their installation, commissioning, warranty and service maintenance.
Energy saving is especially important because... It is through the implementation of energy-efficient measures that the consumer achieves maximum savings.
Specifications heating radiators
An automated control unit for a heating system is a type of individual heating point and is designed to control the parameters of the coolant in the heating system depending on the outside temperature and operating conditions of the buildings.
The unit consists of a correction pump, an electronic temperature controller that maintains a given temperature schedule, and differential pressure and flow regulators. Structurally, these are pipeline blocks mounted on a metal support frame, including a pump, control valves, elements of electric drives and automation, instrumentation, filters, and mud collectors.
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Automated heating system control unit
Characteristics
| No. type AUU | Q, Gcal/h | G, t/h | Length, mm | Width, mm | Height, mm | Weight, kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0,15 | 3,8 | 1730 | 690 | 1346 | 410 |
| 2 | 0,30 | 7,5 | 1730 | 710 | 1346 | 420 |
| 3 | 0,45 | 11,25 | 2020 | 750 | 1385 | 445 |
| 4 | 0,60 | 15 | 2020 | 750 | 1425 | 585 |
| 5 | 0,75 | 18,75 | 2020 | 750 | 1425 | 590 |
| 6 | 0,90 | 22,5 | 2020 | 800 | 1425 | 595 |
| 7 | 1,05 | 26,25 | 2020 | 800 | 1425 | 600 |
| 8 | 1,20 | 30 | 2500 | 950 | 1495 | 665 |
| 9 | 1,35 | 33,75 | 2500 | 950 | 1495 | 665 |
| 10 | 1,50 | 37,5 | 2500 | 950 | 1495 | 665 |
The automated control unit for the heating system contains control elements from Danfoss and a pump from Grundfoss. The control units are completed taking into account the recommendations of Danfoss specialists, who provide consulting services in the development of these units.
The node works as follows. When conditions arise when the temperature in the heating network exceeds the required one, the electronic controller turns on the pump, which adds as much cooled coolant from the return pipeline to the heating system as is necessary to maintain the set temperature. The hydraulic water regulator, in turn, closes, reducing the supply of network water.
The operating mode of the automated heating system control unit in winter is 24 hours a day, the temperature is maintained in accordance with the temperature schedule with correction based on the return water temperature.
At the customer's request, a temperature reduction mode in heated rooms can be provided at night, on weekends and holidays, which provides significant savings.
Reducing the air temperature in residential buildings at night by 2-3°C does not worsen sanitary and hygienic conditions and at the same time provides savings of 4-5%. In industrial and administrative buildings, heat savings by reducing the temperature during non-working hours are achieved to an even greater extent. The temperature during non-working hours can be maintained at 10-12 °C. Total heat savings with automatic control can be up to 25% of annual consumption. During the summer, the automated unit does not work.
The plant produces automated heating system control units, their installation, commissioning, warranty and service.
Energy saving is especially important because... It is through the implementation of energy-efficient measures that the consumer achieves maximum savings.
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