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Orchard layout: preparatory work, division of zones. Examples of optimal planning for a garden and vegetable garden on a small plot Tree of plants for the plot plan

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You can often hear from inexperienced gardeners that their trees do not produce as much fruit as expected. And they begin to buy state-of-the-art seedlings, cutting down all previously planted trees. But in most cases, people themselves are to blame for the fact that trees grow and bear fruit poorly. Most likely, the planting of trees was carried out according to the principle “the more, the better”; there was no talk at all about the planning of the garden. And the result of such work was plants that were always sick and did not bear fruit.

The main thing is for every owner own plot understand that creating a garden, like creating a home, must begin with careful planning.

Where does the garden begin?

The garden starts with careful analyze soil quality and climate in which your trees and shrubs will grow and bear fruit. If your site is too clayey or sandy soil, then it is worth fertilizing it with chernozem, peat and other useful components so that the roots receive enough nutrition.

Climatic features that interfere with fruiting:

• too cold winters;
• late spring frosts;
• excessive humidity.

Therefore, trees should be selected based on the climate in which they will grow. Otherwise, you will never see fruits.

Tree selection

Select fruit trees and shrubs for garden plot follows strictly local selection. After all, only those apple, pear and cherry plum trees that are accustomed to the local climate will be able to bear fruit successfully. They perfectly adapt to changes in temperature and humidity, delighting their owners with fruits, if not every year, then every other year.

Southern fruit bearers - apricots and peaches-are very afraid of autumn dampness. This is explained by the fact that in a humid climate, flowering does not end with pollination, and they become just barren flowers without fruit. And pollen, along with moisture, simply falls to the ground. No less dangerous for these shrubs are spring frosts that occur when apricots bloom.

Cherries do not tolerate intimacy well groundwater , and if reclamation is not carried out in time, the plant will wither in the very near future. Excessive dampness in the spring is also not beneficial: the fruits begin to turn black and crack even before they ripen. Therefore, shrubs should be planted in pre-drained soils.

It is worth choosing plants strictly taking into account their productivity. Think about whether it is worth allocating several meters of land for trees that will bear fruit once every five or six years, or is it easier to go to the store and buy a few kilograms of apricots or peaches, and on this land plant trees that will delight you with the harvest.

Gallery: garden layout (25 photos)

Site marking

In order to know which trees to plant on the site, you need to draw a diagram on paper that will show all the existing buildings and those that you still plan to build: a house, a bathhouse, outbuildings. In addition, you should draw those trees that you do not intend to uproot.

This is necessary because every building or tree casts a shadow on everything that grows on your site. Consequently, bushes, trees and other plants will begin to stretch in the direction where there is more light. They spend a lot of energy on this, which could be spent on laying fruits. This will last until its top gets closer to the light and overcomes the obstacle. Therefore, if your house or bathhouse is completely shaded by planted trees and shrubs, then they cannot always outgrow them and they will never bear fruit.

In order to correctly distribute the trees on the site, you should also describe the height of each building and the cardinal directions. Shade those areas where the shadow will be located almost around the clock. These zones not suitable for planting trees and shrubs. Here you can safely plant flowers, make a pond or pool. In order for trees to bear fruit, shade areas should be excluded from the places where they are planted.

Planting

Now you need to figure out how to plant trees on the site correctly. First, the gardener must decide how many trees and shrubs will grow in the garden. If you do not want to periodically prune your plants, then on one hundred square meters of vegetable garden or orchard you can plant no more than 7 pears or apple trees. Because as they grow up, they will begin to interfere with each other, casting a shadow. And so a private house the garden and vegetable garden on the site will only be decorated.

If you still plan to trim plants, you can plant up to 15 on one hundred square meters fruit trees . If you consider yourself to be a smart summer resident, then invest in columnar trees and plant them at a distance of a meter from each other. Examples of trees of this type can be found on the Internet or in a seedling store.

It is worth remembering that pruning leads to a reduction in fruits only in apricots and cherries, because the fruits grow throughout the entire branch, and therefore it is not customary to trim them. All other trees require constant pruning. This will help add light to the fruiting branches, and the fruits will become larger. The best option the crown will form in the form of a ball or a wall if you planted the plants near the fence.

Apple and pear trees should be planted at a distance of at least three meters from each other. But planting shrubs can be done at a distance of at least one and a half meters from each other. The layout of the garden and vegetable garden should be carried out from south to north, so the plants will not cast shadows and interfere with each other.

You should not make the garden rectangular - it will not be very convenient when caring for plants. If the gardener has laid out an orchard rectangular shape, then he will have to move with the equipment and fertilizers very carefully so as not to damage the tree trunks with the wheelbarrow.

Vegetable garden plan

The modern layout of a vegetable garden is no longer strictly rectangular. And this happened because right angles are completely inconvenient to go around with a wheelbarrow while fertilizing or watering the beds. That’s why modern garden beds are made in such a way as to make this more convenient. Interesting ideas for planning a garden plot can be found from other summer residents and gardeners.

But nevertheless, there are a number of basic principles that help achieve maximum yield from a minimum number of beds:

If a gardener chooses not to think about the layout of a garden or vegetable garden, then he will have to seriously suffer with the cultivation of garden and vegetable gardens. garden crops. So, having worked hard once, planning the location of trees or vegetables on the site, you will be able to save yourself from unnecessary work in the future.

Like any important event, planting a future garden on a site begins with planning: how carefully you think through all the subtleties of placing capital and outbuildings how responsibly will you take in choosing a place for trees, shrubs, vegetables and berry plants, both the abundance of the harvest and the comfort of your stay at the dacha will depend.

When planning a garden, there are many nuances to take into account, so don’t rush, calculate several at once suitable options, and then choose the best one.

If you want your garden to not only bear fruit, but also to look wonderful, you need to put in a little effort and a little imagination when planting it. This is a very responsible job: it involves a large number of simultaneously running processes, in addition preparatory work and planting must be carried out in a short time.

Planting a garden also deserves special attention because mistakes made during this process are difficult to correct in the future, since fruit trees are planted once for many years.

How to fill your garden with beautiful and fruitful plants? In order to plan correctly home garden, use the advice of experienced summer residents presented on this page.

Planning the territory of the future garden

Whatever path you choose, laying out a future garden should begin with a clear layout of the territory. All plants must be planted immediately permanent place, since transplants greatly harm the plants. To avoid mistakes, think through the site plan to the smallest detail and sketch out all your ideas.

Using measurements of the site, draw a scale plan to plan your garden. Such care is needed not only for precise definition landing sites. You can easily calculate the number of selected plants.

Planning different zones their garden, they usually try to make the playground clearly visible from the kitchen or recreation area.

It doesn’t matter whether you are planning a berry garden or a vegetable garden on your plot or not – it is simply necessary to create a working area. After all, the garden will be planted with plants that need care.

IN work area have a shed with equipment, a pit under compost heap. And since this area is not entirely attractive, it can be hidden with plants.

When the entire site is divided into zones and measurements are taken on the ground, you need to think about the communication between the zones, that is, about paths and paths. It is better if the paths do not run at right angles, but begin to bend smoothly.

Walk along the designated paths, check: is everything comfortable? If all is well, you can move on to placing plants around the site.

If you cannot imagine your life without fresh vegetables, then set aside a well-lit place for your garden, not located on the aisle and in such a way that trees do not interfere with the normal growth of vegetables.

When planning your garden design, so that the plantings please you not only with their appearance, but also the harvest, trees are placed at a distance of 4 m from each other, shrubs - 1.5-2 m. To create hedges, plants are planted at smaller intervals, depending on the type of hedge.

The recreation area can be located next to the house. Berry bushes located on it, formed on trellises, and fruit trees on trunks will create a special coziness. You should not place a swimming pool or other body of water near the playground.

Look at the photo - when planning paths in the garden, you need to take into account that they must provide access to every corner of the site:

The width of the path should be sufficient for a garden wheelbarrow to pass along it.

Here is one example of successful garden planning:

• • Low Chaenomeles hedge
  • on the lawn

• Hozblok
• Paved paths
• Compost
• Garden of columnar apple trees
• hedge from
• Patio
• Golden currant hedge
• Lawn
• Arch with actinidia
• Playground
• Flower garden
• Composition of bushes - on standard and regular ones
• Garden
• Gooseberry
• Coastal plants
• Gravel path
• Plums
• Three pear trees

Planning a place to plant plants in the garden

As advised experienced gardeners When drawing up a site plan, it is important to be guided not only by your desires, but also by the needs of the plants, therefore, when planning a garden, it is important to choose the right place for planting them.

For normal growth and development, any plant needs good lighting. However, this does not mean that they must be roasted in the open sun all day.

As shown in the photo, when planning a vegetable garden, trees should be placed only in an open area:

This is especially true for plants formed in the form of trellises, cordons and palmettes. This need is due to the fact that when shading the branches will grow unevenly, one-sidedly, and stretch out greatly, and, therefore, it will be difficult to shape and further care for the plantings.

In addition, mature trees have a limited number of branches where overgrowing branches can form. To extend the productive period, it is important to take care of good lighting of these particular branches, because fruiting occurs on them.

When planning a garden on a site, shrubs can be content with a shaded position, since they are less demanding on lighting. In addition, the root system of shrubs is more superficial, which means it is more demanding of moisture conditions.

A plan for a garden is like a pattern for sewing a dress. First, let's measure the area or take as a basis the plan issued to you by the BTI. Next, we will transfer the site plan on a scale of 1:100 to a sheet of graph paper, that is, 1 cm on paper will correspond to 1 m of land. The plan should indicate the boundaries of the site, gates and gates, the house and other garden buildings (sauna, shed, gazebo, etc.), those trees and large shrubs that you decided to leave, hedges, if any, doors and windows of the house. Be sure to mark the location of the well on paper, electrical cables, sewer hatch and other necessary things. We will transfer paths and paved areas to the plan, but only those that we intend to leave. Let's outline it on the plan functional areas. Routes for moving around the garden should connect them with the house and with each other, as well as provide access to those places from where we will admire the garden.

Preliminary sketch after site survey

Necessary:

• mask a bad view of neighboring buildings from the windows of the house;
• check the views from the windows onto the garden, make them especially picturesque;
• find a place for a pond and a gazebo near it;
• arrange small garden herbs near the patio;
• plant two apple trees (early and mid-ripening).

The house is the dominant element of any site. It sets the style and scale of the garden, for example: if the house is large, the paths cannot be narrow and the flower beds cannot be small. The garden and the house should look organically together. Trees and shrubs that cover the house when viewed from the gate, as well as decorating its facade with the help of vines, will not only not damage your house, but will also make the overall impression of the garden more interesting, and if the house is very modest, this is the only way to improve it. Ideally, one should strive to ensure that the house does not stick out like a finger, but is as if dissolved in the landscape, forming a worthy duet of architecture and wildlife. It does not at all follow from this that the house should be small, and it does not have to be one-story, even if the plot is tiny.

But it is important to decorate the corners of the building, this can be done with the help of a group of trees and shrubs, it is also necessary to cover the base of the house, plants should not cover the windows of the house, and taller plants can be placed in the walls.

Founder of Muskau Park, the largest landscape park in english style V Central Europe, Hermann von Pückler-Muskau believed that in order for buildings to make a harmonious impression, they must be visually covered by plants by at least a third.

There is another extreme, when the house is completely hidden from view by vegetation. Such a house gives the impression of abandonment; you don’t even want to look inside.

A unified color scheme for the house and the space around it helps to create a particularly cohesive impression of this part of the garden. White balusters of the terrace, flowering bush jasmine, the white border of the leaves of the Elegantissima tree, the still greenish but soon whitening caps of the tree hydrangea inflorescences - what a harmonious and elegant garden picture, and the plants are the simplest and most ordinary.

A large, solid house looks very dignified, but does not overwhelm the space around it due to the fact that adult conifers hug it, visually covering a considerable part. The house and its respectable surroundings do not compete with each other, but produce exactly the impression that is required.

You can fit the house into the garden with the help of plants formed like palmettes, as well as with the help of vines.

You need to put on the plan everything that you want to add to it. After the plan has been sketched out, at least approximately, we will try to wander around it. A harmonious garden is a series of changing views. It is very important to control which garden pictures open from the gate, from front door and windows of the house, from the recreation area, etc.

You shouldn't plant every single thing in your garden. square centimeter area, it is important to ensure alternation and the correct ratio of open and closed spaces. Open space is anything that is below human eye level, such as a lawn, paving, or pond. Enclosed space is what is above eye level, these are trees, high hedges, etc. There is a rule: in northern countries, including in central Russia, the ratio of closed and open spaces should be 1:2 (the area of ​​the house is excluded from consideration), that is, the area of ​​open spaces should be approximately twice as large as the area of ​​closed spaces.

In a well-planned garden you want to take a walk, sit in those places from which the most beautiful views, see interesting garden plants.

When starting to plan a garden with your own hands, you need to correctly balance the size of the area adjacent to the house with the ideas you have. How smaller size plot, the more difficult it is to plan the garden, since you will have to take care to carry out proper zoning without overloading the area with excesses. Here landscape tricks will come to the rescue; they are simply irreplaceable when planning a garden. And one of them is planning using a scale grid.

How to properly plan a garden on a site (with photo)

Before you can properly plan a garden that delights you with proportionality of proportions and strict cleanliness of lines, you need to carry out functional zoning and thereby make the space suitable and comfortable specifically for your family.

When planning a garden, the design of which is dominated by clear lines, convenient, logical and comfortable, geometric solutions are especially suitable for small plots besides this good way connect the house with the garden. How smaller area garden, the more concise its plan should be.

Photo gallery

Look at the photo: the garden layout using simple geometric shapes such as a circle or square is typical not only for the classic regular version, it is also suitable for a completely modern garden.

Before you plan your garden on your property, have a scale grid available. Its step can be selected based on architectural features houses, if any, is often the distance between the windows of the house. The size of the grid may vary, but it is always based on the size of the house: if the house is large, then the grid is large, and vice versa. You can take the distance between fence posts as a step.

A garden plot designed using an unreasonably fine grid will be overloaded with details. For small gardens up to 6 acres, its size is 2-3 m.

The grid is just a tool, but a very important tool, with its help you can try to create a harmonious and logical garden project, she will tell you where to start designing.

Types of garden layout using a scale grid

There are three types of layout using a scale grid. The most common is the rectangular version, it is the most obvious, often very simple, sometimes almost primitive, but extremely functional.

The grid in the rectangular version always starts from the facade of the house; in this version, all lines of the garden (paths, borders of flower beds, paving, lawns) are parallel or perpendicular to the facade of the house.

Photo gallery

Pay attention to the photo on how to plan a garden using diagonal lines: this type of layout not only allows you to come up with original design solutions, but also helps to visually enlarge the garden space, as if to expand its boundaries, because the diagonal is always more sides rectangle. In this case, the garden lines are also straight, but located at an angle of 45° to the facade of the house. Plans made using diagonals add lightness and dynamics to garden design; they are always interesting.

The third option for planning a garden is circular. Designing a garden using circles is not easy, but the result is impressive, so it’s worth trying.

I advise when designing own garden Don’t be lazy to make all three possible options and even their combinations and then choose the most impressive one.

If you're thinking about how to lay out your garden but don't like straight lines, by designing your garden using a grid, you can easily create smooth lines by rounding the corners.

Shape is the most important part of any object; information about color, texture, size in relation to shape is secondary. Any design work should begin with the choice of form. Of all the existing forms, the circle and the ball are closest to man, because such forms are created by nature itself - let’s remember, for example, an apple, the sun, the full moon, the wheel and the millstone have long been known and familiar. The circle symbolizes enlightenment, perfection, the yin-yang symbols are also enclosed in the circle.

The round shape is suitable for decorating any garden element - lawn, paved area, flower arrangement, reservoir. If the recreation area or lawn is shaped like a circle, and the paths are designed in the form of smooth lines that are parts of circles various diameters, such a garden looks spacious and cozy.

The round-shaped area looks great against the background of a round-shaped lawn; it is paved with a rectangular clinker bricks in a circle, which once again emphasizes its shape. Circle as an element garden design creates much-needed intimacy and privacy in this place. By the way, there is also a round umbrella, which not only protects the owners of the garden and their guests from the sun, but also follows the shape of the paved area. Paving is not the only option for covering a recreation area; a round wooden deck slightly raised above the ground is also very good.

IN modern garden Pergolas are widely used, most often their pillars are located in a straight line, but this is not the only possible variant, pergolas look interesting, the bases of the pillars are located in a circle.

A circle is the ideal shape for a lawn. It is this geometric figure that organizes the effect of spaciousness even in a small area. A dense environment of shrubs and herbaceous perennials creates ideal conditions for privacy in such a garden.

Garden layout: landscape design tricks

If you are designing a garden using geometric lines and shapes, they should be clearly legible not only on the plan, but also when taking it out into nature, everything should be checked down to the centimeter, even a little negligence in this case is absolutely inappropriate.

For proper garden planning, a combination of two options is often used. For example, in the case of a rectangular pond with quarter-circle cutouts at the corners, this is a combination of rectangular and circular options. Spectacular cutouts are emphasized by trimmed “hemispheres” of bushes. In our climate zone, they can be made from Thunberg barberry, Japanese spirea, brilliant cotoneaster, alpine Schmidt currant, snowberry, and globular-shaped thuja occidentalis, for example the “Globosa” variety, is also good for this purpose. Almost adjacent to one of the corners of the pond is a recreation area in the shape of a circle with a round table with chairs in the middle.

Another illustration of the theme of a successful combination of rectangular and circular layouts. The paved area is shaped like a rectangle combined with an adjacent semicircle. Adjacent to it is a reservoir consisting of two symmetrical parts, each also using straight lines and quarter circles. The “roundness” of the composition is emphasized by boxwood balls in ceramic pots, in our climate, the same effect can be achieved by pruning the dwarf Japanese spirea variety Little Princes, the leaves of which are as small as boxwood leaves.

Whether we realize it or not, our eye identifies geometric shapes in the garden; they are good for harmonizing space; the repetition of such elements can make any design more stylish and calm.

Planning a fruit and berry garden is a responsible task, the solution of which will determine the future supply of the family with tasty and varied fruits and berries. Therefore, when planning a site, you need to (as people say) hurry slowly.

Preparatory work

When planning land plot It is necessary to allocate an open sunny place with high groundwater levels for the garden. You cannot plant a garden in a low area where cold currents of air and water will flow during spring floods. After an external inspection of the land allocated for the garden, determine and write down a list of preparatory work in your diary.

woodcroft orchard

• Clear the area of ​​old stumps, wild bushes, stones and other debris.
• Plow the area deeply or dig over the layer.
• Water to encourage weed emergence. Carry out deep cultivation according to the seedlings and level the area.
• At the same time, give the soil to the nearest chemical laboratory to determine the physical condition and type of soil, its chemical composition. This is necessary for subsequent garden care: applying fertilizers, watering, and other agrotechnical measures.
• Based on the results of the analysis (according to the recommendations), apply the recommended doses of fertilizers and other reclamation components for the final autumn treatment. Without such data, it is not advisable to fertilize the site. It is better to apply fertilizers and other components directly into the planting hole ( mineral fertilizers, humus or vermicompost, slaked lime, biological products for pests and diseases).

Zoning when planning garden and berry plantings

On separate sheet Use a garden diary to map out the layout of the garden. The garden can be located at the front, side or rear of the house, but trees and bushes should be positioned north to south for best light and have three zones. They can be located one after another or divided into three separate sections located at different ends of the total area of ​​the dacha.

• If the zoning is joint, then a vegetable garden is planted in the first zone, the plants of which will not shade the crops of the second zone, and in the morning they will receive their share of the sun.
• It is better to place berry gardens in the second zone. Their height is up to 1.5 meters. The morning shadow from the bushes will not harm the plants of the third zone.
• The orchard itself will be planted in the third zone. It should be at a distance of 2.5-3.0 m from neighbors so as not to shade their area.

On the pages of your garden diary, write down the names and brief description fruit and berry crops, and in the diagram indicate their location on the site area under numbers.

pickleshlee

Layout of berry gardens

When laying out the berry garden on the diagram, immediately take into account the nature of the plants. So, black currant grows calmly surrounded by other neighbors, but sea buckthorn and viburnum are quite unfriendly with their neighbors. Therefore, they are planted separately. Sea buckthorn can be used as a green hedge, and viburnum and hawthorn can be used in landscape decoration of a recreation area. In solitary plantings of mowed lawns, they look great.

Some owners believe that it is generally better to place berry gardens along the borders of the plot. In this case, part of the land is freed up for other crops or areas (recreation, sports, etc.). Such planning is suitable if the site is not fenced with a green hedge or the berry bushes themselves can serve this purpose with their characteristics (prickly, dense, etc.).

The density of berry plantings is very important. It is a natural regulator of the optimal development of plants, their resistance to diseases and crop formation.

• Raspberries are planted in dense rows, 0.5 m apart and 1.0-1.5 meters between rows. As the raspberries grow, they occupy the row-spacings; the former row-spacings are cleared of raspberries and become temporary paths. By pruning the shoots, the crop is swapped, returning it to its original place after 2-4 years.
• Yoshta, black and golden currants are planted at a distance between bushes of at least 1.5 m, and red currants every meter. Large bushes will shade each other, thorns individual varieties gooseberries will completely limit access to berries. When used as a green hedge, honeysuckle and shadberry are planted at intervals of 1.0-1.5 meters (or even thicker), and in a berry garden at a distance of up to 2 meters.

Thomas Generazio

The number of certain berry bushes is very important. Think about it and plan in advance on the diagram the quantity of each type and variety so that you can provide your family with fresh berries and make preparations for the winter. For a family of 4-5 people, 20 raspberry bushes, 3-4 bushes of all types of currants and gooseberries, joshta, serviceberry and honeysuckle will be enough. Leave some room for exotic newcomers who will appear on your radar over time. A properly planned berry garden grows normally and bears fruit within 7-12 years, and then gradually rejuvenates or the bushes are moved to another place.

Setting up an orchard

On the next free page of your garden diary, draw a diagram of the placement of fruit crops. Conditionally allocate 4 square meters for each crop. m of total area for one tree. Do not thicken the plantings. The trees will grow and begin to interfere with, or even oppress, each other. Planting holes should be located in a row at a distance of 4.0-4.5 m. Leave row spacing of at least 2.5-3.0 m. Pay attention to the types of crops. Yes, today the majority farms switch to columnar forms of apple and pear trees - the main garden crops in dacha farming. In terms of habit, these species are much smaller, and the yield is almost equal to tall crops. Columnar forms are easier to care for, they are resistant to disease, and are less damaged by frost.

For an average family, 1-2 trees of each type are enough. The garden should contain early, middle and late varieties in order to have fresh fruits throughout the warm season and also prepare processed ones for the winter. As for garden crops, it is enough to have 2 cherries (early and late). Instead of medium cherry plant 2 cherries. They form a harvest after early cherries. You need 1 quince (later you can graft another species or other varieties on it), 2-3 plums, including one marabelle. 1-2 apricots of frost-resistant varieties are enough. 2-3 apple trees, which over time through grafting can be turned into 6-8 varieties different terms maturation. Don't forget to leave room for exotics. Be sure to plant the nut separately. Almost nothing grows under the canopy of this crop. If you like hazel, set aside the first row for it so that more tall trees did not deprive her of the sun with their shadow. 11-12 fruit trees will eventually turn into 18-20 varieties of all types.

In order for the garden to serve for a long time and not get sick, it is necessary to use zoned varieties. They are more resistant to diseases, pests, weather changes, and bear fruit longer. You can get acquainted with the varieties and varieties for your region, down to the region, and their characteristics in catalogs and other literature. When buying seedlings, be sure to contact specialists. Remember! A garden planted with low-quality seedlings will add work and care, but will not please you with the harvest and quality of fruits.

General approaches to planting a garden

Plant the garden in the fall, that is, dig planting holes according to your plan, prepare near each one the fertilizer mixture that is necessary due to the condition of the soil.

Preparing the planting hole

In the fall, you can prepare a planting hole of only approximate dimensions, since the final version will be determined by the size of the root system, depending on the age of the purchased seedling. The preliminary size of the planting hole is approximately 60x60 for 2-year-old seedlings; for 3-year-old seedlings it can be increased to 70x80 cm and finalized when planting the seedling in the hole.

Preparing the soil mixture

Near each hole, mix the top layer of soil with humus and peat. In the spring, before planting a seedling, add a glass of wood ash and slaked lime and 200 g of nitrophosphate to this mixture. Mix well.

mainetoday

Purchase and preparation of seedlings

It is best to plant seedlings in the spring. During the growing season, the seedlings will grow stronger and the root system will strengthen. During the warm spring-summer-autumn period, the young tree adapts to its new location.

Do not rush to buy seedlings from individual unfamiliar sellers, especially along the roads leading to the dacha. It is better to purchase seedlings from farms that grow them or from nurseries. There is more confidence here that you will acquire the desired zoned variety of the garden or berry crop you need.

Carefully inspect the selected seedling. If you find dried roots, a crooked stem, cracks in the bark or drops of gum, refuse to purchase. Remember! No amount of assurance from the seller will return lost time.

Rules for planting seedlings

1-2 days before planting, soak the seedlings in rootstock or other growth stimulant. Prepare a container of clay mash with the addition of root, planriz or phytosporin. Other biofungicides suitable for tank mixes can be used.

About 2-3 weeks before planting the seedlings, pour part of the soil mixture into a hole in a cone. During this week, the cone will settle, and the planted seedling will be correctly placed in the hole. Dip the prepared seedling into the mash, insert it into the hole, straightening the root along the cone so that there are no upward creases, and fill 2/3 of the hole with soil mixture. Fill the bucket with water. After soaking, fill in the rest of the potting mix or soil. Drive a stake and secure the seedling with a figure eight to the support. A loose seedling, swaying under gusts of wind, will tear off small roots that provide a connection between the plant and the soil.

Important landing nuances

When planting, be sure to ensure the correct depth of the root collar. If it is buried, the tree may dry out for no reason after 5-10 years (especially on heavy soils). On the lungs sandy loam soils(especially in the south), it is better to bury the root collar somewhat deeper into the soil (8-10 cm), “hiding” it from the upper drying layer. In seedlings that form adventitious roots or shoots (figs, currants, plums, apple trees), deepening does not interfere with the normal development of the tree. Seedlings of these crops are quickly rebuilt root system, more often on insufficiently moistened soils.

For self-rooted seedlings, the root collar should be located at the level of the planting hole or 2-3 cm higher (no more). In grafted seedlings, the grafting site is located 4-8 cm above the root collar. Beginning gardeners often confuse the root collar and grafting and plant deep down to the grafting site. In this case, the root collar is deeply buried in the soil and the tree dies early.

If you have correctly identified the root collar and planted the seedling so that it rises 4-5 cm above the soil, then the tree is planted correctly. Compact the soil around the planting. At a distance from the trunk with a radius of 30-50 cm, make a roller 5-7 cm high and fill in another 2-3 buckets of water. Along with the absorbed water, the seedling will also be drawn into the soil. Make sure that the root collar remains 2-3 cm above the soil. If necessary, add soil after watering and mulch with a small layer of fine mulch (peat or humus, sawdust). If you bought live seedlings and planted them correctly, in 2-3 weeks your garden will turn green with the first young leaves.

starkbros

How to determine the root collar

1. U young seedling Use a wet cloth to wipe the bottom of the trunk and the beginning of the root well. The root collar is defined as a transition from greenish color (trunk) to light brown (root zone).
2. For older seedlings (3-4 years old), wipe the lower part of the trunk with a wet rag and, after the wet area has dried, carefully scrape off the bark with a knife at the site of the subtle expansion of the trunk into the root. If at the site of expansion the scraped-off color of the young subcortical layer is green, then it is the stem, and if it is yellowish, then it is the root zone. The place where one color transitions to another is the root collar.
3. In some seedlings, the place where the upper lateral roots originate from the trunk is clearly visible. This is the root collar. The origin of the roots should remain above the level of the planting hole.

What not to do when planting seedlings

• When planting, you cannot use half-rotted manure, only humus mixed with soil.
• You should not frequently water seedlings with small amounts of water. They only dry out the soil in the planting hole.
• You can't water the seedlings cold water(from artesian).
• It is impossible to fertilize plants in the first year after planting, especially with nitrogen fertilizers.
• Do not mulch after planting trunk circle a large layer of mulch. In the event of prolonged rains, water accumulated in the mulch will cause damping off of the young bark and the death of the plant. Thick layer mulch is applied in the fall, which will protect the soil from freezing and the death of seedlings from low temperatures.

What needs to be done when planting seedlings

• Whiten young seedlings with a solution of chalk and clay with the addition of biological products against diseases and pests or a solution of copper sulfate.
• Insulate the trunk with several layers of burlap, lutrasil, spandbond, paper and other materials.
• Protect the trunk from hares and other rodents with a netting or spruce branches, burying the latter 5-10 cm into the soil.
• After each sufficiently heavy snowfall, trample the snow around the trunk, which will protect the latter from being eaten by mice.

When purchasing a plot of land, the owner has to deal with zoning of the territory. Now there are many specialists in this field who can create beauty with the help of professional techniques. Garden planning can be done independently if you become familiar with the features of this work. After all, on the site you can plant not only trees, but also shrubs, vegetable crops. More details about the design of the territory are described in the article.

Preparation

The garden should be located in the open sun in an area with high groundwater. You should not lay it in a lowland, where cold air and water will flow during spring floods.

After an external inspection of the territory, the following work must be planned:

1. Clearing the area of ​​old stumps, wild bushes, stones, and other debris.
2. The area needs to be plowed deeply.
3. It is necessary to water for weed seedlings. After germination, you need to perform deep cultivation and level the area.
4. At the same time, you need to send the soil to the laboratory to determine the physical state and type of soil, and chemical composition. This is required for further care: use of fertilizers, irrigation, other agrotechnical procedures.
5. Based on the results of the analysis, it is necessary to apply the necessary doses of fertilizers and other reclamation components for autumn treatment. Without this data, it is undesirable to carry out fertilization.

What is important to consider before planning?

Before you plan your garden, you need to consider some nuances:

1. What area can be allocated for an orchard? Trees with spreading crowns need a distance of 4 square meters. m.
2. Terrain. A flat area or a gentle slope is suitable for an orchard; the pits contain cold air and a lot of moisture; these areas are unfavorable for fruit trees.
3. Analysis of soils of the territory. Fruit crops have a powerful root system, necessary fertile soils to provide good nutrition. Rocky, clayey, sandy soil is not suitable for garden areas. The proximity of groundwater has a negative effect on tree growth.
4. Availability of light and heat. Fruit trees need required amount light and warmth, since their growth slows down in the shade. An area with strong winds will not be entirely suitable as it interferes with proper pollination, dries out the soil, damages crops and breaks branches. Partial protection against it is high fence or green spaces.

Layout features

Garden planning begins with paper diagrams. If there is a house on the territory, the planning should be carried out from there. A diagram of the site, the contours of the object and other buildings, as well as places where there are trees, are applied to the paper. This area is protected by trees planted around it.

If the land is not developed, a plot for the construction of a house is marked on the diagram. The layout of the garden assumes the presence of a front garden. The housing should face the street, with part of the land for the front garden located in front of it. Its size is determined by the area of ​​the territory.

On a small front garden you need to plant flowers, berry bushes, on a large one - decorative and fruit trees, flowers. Large fruit plants- apple trees, pears - it is advisable to plant them in the north-eastern part. There should be cherries and plums between them.

Plan

To be correct layout garden and vegetable garden, you need to create sketches of the site. The plan must indicate buildings and the approximate location of other objects. It is necessary to mark holes for planting bushes and trees. They should be planted at a distance so that they are not shaded as they grow.

Closely located bushes and trees grow poorly, and this also leads to diseases of garden crops. Fruit trees have a powerful root system, it should develop freely. If there are wild bushes or stumps on the territory that need to be uprooted, all work must be completed and the woody debris must be burned. The ash should be left in a dry place; it will be needed to obtain fertile beds.

The layout of the garden on the site should be such that trees do not shade neighboring areas. Today, beds of original shape are fashionable, for example, a pizza garden. In this case, from the round bed in the center, the rest are located in rays. Raspberries, blackberries, and berry bushes that bear fruit and shade are planted near the boundaries of the site.

Which crops to choose?

When planning an orchard, you need to decide on the types of plants. It is necessary to select trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in the area. For middle zone Pears, apple trees, plums, cherry plums, and cherries are selected. Cherries and apricots grow better in warm regions.

From berry bushes you can choose currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. Planning a garden on 10 acres is much easier than with large area. At small area It is preferable to place shrubs around the perimeter. On vegetable beds It is necessary to plant crops growing close to each other: cabbage, cucumbers, peas.

Popular types of layouts

The garden planning project will allow you to create original site. There are currently 4 known design options:

1. Straightforward. This option is not only beautiful, but also simple. This location allows you to restore order on the site. This type of design allows you to get the effect of reducing space.
2. Circular arrangement. To get it, you need skills in landscape design. This design will allow you to create an orchard and flower beds, but it is more difficult to use for a vegetable garden.
3. Diagonal. In this way, you can design a garden plot of 15 acres or more. Using a diagonal orientation, visual volume is obtained. It allows you to arrange the location of different areas.
4. Creative option. There are no specific rules here. Usually it contains elements of other types. Used for areas with a special configuration.

Each layout option is original in its own way. Before implementing the project, you need to draw it on paper. If you have acquired land with some buildings and plantings that you do not want to remove, then they must be marked first.

Communications

The layout of a personal plot, garden, or vegetable garden is not complete without communications equipment. The systems facilitate the operation and maintenance of the territory and improve functionality. They will create additional conditions.

To organize a garden plot, drainage systems, sewerage, and organization of passage are required. gas pipeline and water supply. A well, septic tank or borehole is also required. These engineering facilities must be located at a sufficient distance from each other. There must be a system street lighting. Electrical wiring must be carried out at a depth of 70 cm. Installation should be carried out before planting plants and arranging garden paths.

Recreation area

If the territory has been divided into an orchard, it is necessary to determine a place for rest. Even in a small area you can place a modest but harmoniously integrated gazebo. It should be beautiful and comfortable. In large areas it will be possible to create a summer kitchen, a swimming pool, an observation deck, etc.

The list of ideas is limited only by the capabilities of the area and the desire of the owner. But in any case, the rest area should be in comfortable place, do not interfere with other areas. It is preferable to remove it from utility blocks and communications.

Preparing the planting hole

Layout small garden and a large plot requires proper planting. Moreover, this must be done according to certain rules. The garden should be started in the fall. You need to dig a planting hole according to the diagram and prepare fertilizers for the soil.

The hole will be of approximate dimensions, since the final version is determined by the size of the root system, which depends on the age of the seedling. The approximate size of the hole is 60x60 if the seedlings are 2-year-old, and for 3-year-old seedlings it can be increased to 70x80 cm.

Soil preparation

Near each hole you should mix the top layer of soil with humus and peat. In the spring, before planting, 1 cup of wood ash and slaked lime and 200 g of nitrophoska are added to the mixture. Everything should be mixed thoroughly. Seedlings must be purchased from trusted producers.

Purchase and preparation of seedlings

Planting must be done in the spring. During the growing season, the seedlings grow stronger. During the warm period, young trees get used to their new location. You should not purchase seedlings from unfamiliar sellers. It is advisable to do this on farms that grow them. Then it is more likely that a zoned variety will be purchased. You need to inspect the purchased seedling. You should not take it if it has dry roots, a crooked trunk, or cracks in the bark.

Landing

There are rules for planting seedlings. 1-2 days before this, they should be soaked in horse meat or another growth stimulant. Then you need to prepare a container of clay mash with root, planriz or phytosporin. Other biofungicides used for tank mixtures are also suitable.

2-3 weeks before planting, you need to pour part of the soil mixture in a cone into the hole. During this time, the cone will settle and the seedling will be correctly placed in the hole. It must be dipped into the mash, inserted into the hole, and the root straightened so that there are no creases. 2/3 of the hole is filled with soil mixture.

You need to fill a bucket of water. After absorption, you need to fill in the rest of the soil mixture or soil. You should drive a stake and fix the seedling with a figure eight to the support. A loose seedling will have small roots torn off.

Subtleties of landing

During planting, you need to check the correct depth of the root collar. With deepening, the tree dries out after 5-10 years. In light sandy loam soils, it is advisable to deepen the root collar slightly into the soil - 10 cm. For seedlings that form roots or shoots, deepening will not interfere with the proper development of the plant. Such crops quickly rebuild their root system.

In self-rooted seedlings, the root collar should be in the area of ​​the planting hole or 2-3 cm higher. And in grafted people, the grafting site is 4-8 cm above the root collar. Beginning gardeners often confuse these places. It is necessary to be careful when planting, because if mistakes are made, the tree quickly dies.

If the root collar is correctly identified and the seedling is planted so that it is 4-5 cm above the soil, then the tree is planted correctly. It is necessary to compact the bud near planting. At a distance from the trunk with a radius of 30-50 cm, you need to make a roller 5-7 cm high and fill in 2-3 buckets of water.

The root collar should be 2-3 cm higher than the soil. If necessary, you can add soil after watering and mulch with a layer of fine mulch. If live seedlings are purchased and planting is carried out correctly, then after 2-3 weeks the first leaves will appear.

Determination of the root collar

1. For a young seedling, use a damp cloth to wipe the lower area of ​​the trunk and the root. The root collar can be identified by the transition from greenish to light brown.
2. For mature seedlings (3-4 years), you need to wipe the lower area of ​​the trunk with a wet cloth and, after drying, scrape off the bark with a knife. If in the area of ​​expansion the shade of the subcortical layer is green, then this is the stem, and if it is yellowish, then the root part. The place where the color transitions is considered the root collar.
3. In some seedlings, the place where the upper lateral roots originate from the trunk is clearly visible. This will be the root collar.

What is prohibited to do when landing?

1. Use semi-rotted manure, only humus with soil.
2. Water frequently with a small amount of water. This dries out the soil.
3. Use cold water for irrigation.
4. In the first year, fertilize the plants.
5. After planting, mulch the tree trunk area.

What do you need to do when landing?

1. Seedlings should be whitened using a solution of chalk with clay, biological products against diseases and pests.
2. Insulate the gate with burlap, paper, lutrasil.
3. The trunk will be protected from rodents by a chain-link mesh.
4. After a snowfall, trample the snow around the trunk.

Thus, the layout of the garden requires proper zoning of the territory. It should have trees, shrubs, and an area for recreation. Also required correct landing plants in compliance with all standards. Then you will get a beautiful garden, created according to the rules of landscape design.