Diagrams of how to connect old motion sensors. Connection diagram for infrared motion sensor for lighting. Operating principles of recording devices and ensuring their functionality
Man came up with a huge number electronic devices designed to protect his life and property. At the same time, a convenient and reliable tool today is a motion sensor for turning on the light; there is not a single scheme for turning on these devices depending on the parameters of the controlled room.
Motion sensor for lighting reacts to the appearance of large object in the area of propagation of its rays or waves, depending on the technology used in the device. The first models of these electronic assistants were initially used to improve the quality of security of industrial facilities. Today they are used almost everywhere and not only to ensure order, but also as a convenient means of turning on the lighting without unnecessary actions, thereby providing yourself with comfortable conditions for moving. The motion sensor used to turn on the light reacts to the appearance of a person or large animal in its sensitive area. The reaction to the appearance of an object is the switching of power circuits.
Options for using a motion sensor
In addition to lighting devices, the motion sensor can also be used to activate other warning devices. This could be an audible beacon or system central alarm. When adding to a security complex, the sensor is mounted at the most important entrances to the building or in the corridors. You can also use the sensor as a switch to turn on the lighting in dark rooms, where you constantly need to turn on the lamp.
It is much easier and more convenient to automate the process. When a person appears in the coverage area, the sensor will automatically close the power supply circuit of the lamp and turn it off after the object leaves the area. Depending on the modification, the sensor can be configured to delay the moment of shutdown after a person disappears from 10 s to 7 m. This will not only provide comfortable conditions of movement, but also save electrical energy, because the light will only turn on when a person is in the range of the emitter and receiver.
Functionality and features of the motion sensor
Before you learn how to install a motion sensor on a light, you need to familiarize yourself with its capabilities and varieties. This will allow you to understand what principle needs to be applied when performing installation of one type or another.
Depending on the installation location of the sensor, they are divided into:
- perimetric - were used as means of monitoring large areas, in particular streets;
- peripheral;
- internal.
According to the method of action:
- ultrasonic;
- microwave;
- infrared active;
- infrared passive.
Based on the type of signal, sensors are divided into:
- thermal;
- sound;
- oscillatory.
Depending on the functionality sensors are divided into the following types:
- Universal or multifunctional. They are used not only to detect movement in the controlled area, but also determine the need for switching on. If the illumination level corresponds to the specified value, the lamp does not turn on; if not, it turns on.
- Rooms. They are mainly used to monitor indoor activity, working as part of an alarm system. Activate alerts.
How to install a motion sensor on a light
Installation of a motion sensor to turn on the light can be done in several ways, depending on the design of the room or some requirements from customers.
Depending on how to install the device, they are distinguished into the following types:
- Overhead. The sensor is mounted on the wall.
- Ceiling. The control device is installed on the ceiling; lighting can be integrated with a light motion sensor in a single housing or located directly next to the lamp.
- Mortise. The device is installed by installing it into a wall; its main purpose is to detect activity in office premises or living rooms.
Variants of motion sensor activation circuits
There are several options for connecting motion sensors to turn on the lights. The choice of a specific one is up to the customer. This is due to the fact that the sensors can be different, that is, with different contact groups. Not all device models can be used to connect devices with high current consumption, for example, spotlights with incandescent lamps. In this case, it is better to use starters as intermediate switching components, and to increase the reliability of the presence monitoring system, use different types sensors, combining their switching circuits. For example, ultrasonic and infrared.
If we consider the models of sensors, depending on the production technology and operating principle, then these can be either ultrasonic or microwave, or infrared. But it should be remembered that the first two types of sensors have a built-in high-frequency generator, which can be excited due to various interferences and powerful electromagnetic waves. Therefore, they must be installed in places remote from all these factors. These could be warehouses, checkpoints, etc.
For home use or in conditions with big amount interference, sensors with infrared emitters. In this case, both active and passive ones can be used.
Generalized diagram for switching on motion sensors
The most simple circuit turning on the motion sensor includes only a few components:
- sensor;
- connecting wires;
- lamp or audio warning system.
Almost all sensor models have the same structural device, which is a housing, terminal block, scattering sphere or glass. The sensor itself has only 3 contacts, so there are no difficulties with it electrical connection must not be. Moreover, almost every model comes with installation and configuration instructions.
The figure below shows the simplest circuit for switching on a motion sensor, consisting of the sensor itself and the lamp. Installation of such a sensor can be done in almost any convenient place.
Important points when connecting according to this diagram is to maintain the polarity of the wires. The phase wire from the alternating voltage network must be switched through the sensor to the lamp. You need to pay attention to the color. As a rule, blue is zero, brown is phase, red is the switch output. Color may vary depending on different manufacturers Therefore, it is advisable to use a phase indicator or other devices. As the latter, you can use not only lighting fixture, but also sound alarm. When installing a powerful floodlight with a consumption of more than 0.5 kW, it is recommended to use an intermediate starter and install it in a separate mounting box. This is necessary to prevent burnout of contacts when switching a low-resistance load.
Combining a motion sensor with a switch
To provide permanent job lamp, regardless of the level of illumination and the presence of a person in the coverage area of the sensor, a switch can be installed in the circuit. A single-key type switch can be used as it. When it is turned on, the switching contacts of the sensor are bypassed, which ensures constant lighting mode.
It is important to remember that to implement the inclusion of the sensor according to this scheme, it is necessary to strictly monitor the color of the wires in order to prevent unexpected short circuit.
The neutral or neutral wire from the switch goes directly to the luminaire (lamp) from the network, the phase wire passes through the switch, the contacts of which are parallel to the switching group of the sensor. If a starter is used in the circuit, then its winding must be powered from the switch.
Connection diagram for several sensors
The first type scheme received wide application in rooms of simple shape. This can be a square, rectangle or circle, in general, something where only one specific area needs to be controlled. If you want to organize automatic switching on of indoor lighting complex shape with additional branches and bends, for example in curved corridors, then several sensors must be used. But this scheme also has its own nuances. For example, if you need to organize the comfort of movement around long corridor, but at the same time it is necessary to ensure maximum savings, then the sensors must be switched on independently of each other, that is, in parallel.
If you need to create a reliable security system, then connecting the motion sensor to the light should be done according to the diagram presented below.
Here the sensors are interconnected phase wire from the network. The neutral wire is supplied to all sensors and lamps or alarms without intermediate switching. Here it is important not to confuse the colors of the wires and control the phase on all devices so as not to create a short circuit in the circuit. When any of the sensors is triggered, the main signal light or sound warning system will turn on.
When creating a system with controlled lamps, a switch is installed parallel to the contact group of sensors. If the circuit consists of several motion sensors, and it is necessary to ensure that each of the lamps is switched on independently, then a switch is installed on each sensor.
Before checking the motion control device, you should make sure that the colors of the wires are correct and that they are securely clamped in the terminals.
How to properly install a light motion sensor
How to properly install a motion sensor that reacts to light so that the system works reliably without false alarms. The first step is to determine the parameters of the room. It is important that the viewing angle of the sensor is maximum and covers a large area.
If the coverage area of one sensor is not enough, then several are used. At the same time, they are installed in the corners of a curved room of irregular shape. Installed sensor should not intersect its controlled zone with its neighboring one. In addition, it is important to remember another installation rule to avoid false alarms of sensors: there should be no plumbing pipes, power and high-frequency cables, trees and shrubs.
To correctly install a lamp with a motion sensor or a separate sensor, you should pay attention to the instructions that come with each sensor. As a rule, manufacturers present various options installation and their combinations in order to ensure the best performance.
When installing motion sensors outdoors, it is necessary to use protective terminal boxes. The sensors themselves must be securely hidden under the canopies of buildings and protected from snow or rain.
Setting up a motion sensor for lighting
There are several types of sensors on sale depending on functionality. Among them we can highlight:
- Simple. They are used only for switching the power supply circuit of a lamp in constantly dark rooms, reacting to movement in the controlled area.
- Universal. It is possible to adjust the operating time after automatic switching on (TIME), the sensitivity threshold in infrared sensors (SENS) and the moment of switching on at a certain level of illumination (LUX). Setting up a motion sensor for lighting can be done within 10 seconds to 7 minutes, which is usually required for staircases. The staircase lighting circuit with a motion sensor in this case is no different from those given above.
The adjustable sensor allows for better energy savings and provides the most comfortable conditions for moving around the room, depending on the light level.
Video on the topic
Connecting a motion sensor with your own hands is no more difficult than replacing a light bulb or. The device operates according to standard scheme, closing or opening an electrical circuit.
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Purpose
The task of the device is to automatically switch on or off the load at the moment when movement is detected, taking into account the current level of illumination in the room. During the day or morning, when there is enough light in the room, the sensor will not turn on additional lamps.
A common area of application for sensors is adjusting lighting on streets or in entrances, where light is required only for a short period of time when a person is in the space. In everyday life, motion sensors are used to automatically turn on/off lights in rooms where people stay for a short time (for example, in hallways and corridors).
Video motion sensor connection diagram:
How it works?
When a moving object enters the area monitored by the sensor, the device measures the degree of illumination. If the value is lower than the one specified in the settings (when there is little light around the sensor), the device closes the electrical circuit and turns on the lighting fixtures.
The principle of operation of the motion sensor is logical and quite simple, which guarantees the absence of “false signals” and reduces the likelihood of device failure. From point of view practical application All motion sensors work on the same principle and perform similar tasks. However, the devices differ in technical and design features.
Sensor Design Types
Devices for recording motion are divided primarily by purpose. Models are distinguished:
- security;
- household.
Detectors, or security motion sensors, are used when installing alarm systems. They are also called infrared detectors.
Note!
Household sensors are suitable for houses and apartments; they are less complex and less sensitive.
There are active (the sensor uses a receiver and a transmitter) and passive (the device contains only a receiver that responds to infrared radiation) models.
Household motion sensors
In private houses and apartments, passive sensors that respond to infrared radiation are most often used. The device is either combined with a lamp or spotlight, or is equipped with a relay that allows you to connect lighting.
It is household models that are equipped with an additional light sensor. This motion sensor device allows it to “decide” whether the light needs to be turned on or whether there is enough natural light. Most models are equipped with a regulator with which you can specify how long after activation the light should be turned on.
Sensor device
How to choose a location for the sensor?
In order for the device to work correctly, you need to carefully choose the location of the device. It is not enough to provide the required “response zone”; the sensor must be isolated from influence external factors, which can block its operation or provoke unnecessary triggering.
The sensor should not be placed near equipment that emits heat or electromagnetic waves. Not best idea will install a motion sensor near the radiator or heating pipe through which hot water is supplied.
The sensor is effective in rooms where relatively little time is spent - for example, in the corridor. Installing the device in the bathroom or living room is not very convenient - you will have to constantly “turn on” the light again, making unnecessary movements.
Connection diagrams
Sensor connection
Usually the device is connected to the network instead of a switch - the circuit is closed automatically. If you need to provide a mode in which the lamp does not go out after a specified period of time, a separate switch is built into the circuit. The connection diagram provides for parallel operation of the sensor and a conventional switch.
In a large room, one device may not cope with the volume of the room. Then a circuit with two sensors located in opposite corners, which control one lamp or zone lighting. It is important to ensure that both devices operate from the same phase, otherwise a short circuit will occur.
For cases when it is necessary to turn on several powerful lamps when receiving a signal from one sensor (for example, when organizing street lighting), use a connection diagram with a magnetic starter.
Wiring
How to connect a motion sensor?
The sensors are connected to a 220V household network - except for stand-alone models powered by a built-in battery. A diagram must be indicated on the device body correct connection, usually the drawing is located near the terminal block.
The letter L denotes the phase switching point, N - zero. The lamp wire is connected to the connector marked with the symbol L’. To connect the device, you need to apply voltage to the first two connectors.
The wire with the plug on the free side is stripped of insulation and connected to the terminals. If there is an error between phase and zero, the sensor will not deteriorate - it will just not work, and the power supply indicator will not turn on either. The length of the wire is selected so that the plug can easily reach the nearest one. Connecting a motion sensor for lighting if there is no socket nearby can be done using an extension cord - this will not affect the quality of operation of the device.
Connection
Verifying the installation
Most household sensors are equipped with a light indicator. The LED lights up when the device is connected to the network and operating. In “standby” mode, the diode blinks at intervals of about a second. If the indicator does not light up immediately after connecting the device to power, this is not yet a sign of a sensor malfunction. Some models take 20-30 seconds to activate and prepare for work.
Note!
When the device is triggered, the switching frequency of the diode increases.
Thanks to this feature, the health of the device can be checked even without a full network connection, which simplifies the choice suitable place for mounting the sensor.
How to set up a motion sensor?
Changing the device settings is done using the handles on the body. Their number depends on the device model, usually there are 2 to 4 switches. Near each knob there is a designation of the setting for which it is responsible (alphabetic and symbolic), as well as the direction of rotation of the knob.
It makes sense to select the optimal parameters and settings before installing the sensor. After connection, especially if the device is mounted under the ceiling, testing the settings and changing them will not be very convenient.
LUX stands for dimmer. This setting sets a light threshold beyond which the sensor will not respond. When connecting for the first time, the value is usually set to maximum.
The TIME motion sensor setting is responsible for the period of time after activation during which the light will be turned on. If the movement continues after the first trigger, the timer starts counting again, so when basic installation time is usually set to a minimum.
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To ensure safety and improve people's comfort, motion sensors have recently been added to conventional lamps. They are designed to react in the area of their control - when moving, they transmit a signal through a wire to the lighting device, which turns on the light. If previously such devices were used exclusively for security purposes, today they have gained wide popularity in private houses and apartments. They perform the following functions:
- prevents searching for the switch in a dark room;
- save energy by turning off when movements are not detected;
- can activate an alarm and scare away intruders.
Externally, such lamps are represented by plastic rectangular or round box, which is covered by the Fresnel lens. Through it, the device monitors movements in the control zone. The Fresnel lens is made of a rather fragile and thin material, which requires special care when installing the lighting fixture. Also, when installing, you need to consider the size of people or animals that will pass through the control zone of the sensor.
Motion sensor with built-in light
When choosing a lamp with a controller, you need to pay attention to its appearance:
- motionless - does not move as a person moves;
- movable - turns in the direction where movement was detected, and is often used for security purposes.
Depending on the type, sensors can be:
- active - work on the principle of an echo sounder;
- passive - triggered by detecting the heat of the human body.
As a rule, the sensor range is limited to 12 m. And when installed in a room or on an area that has a non-rectangular shape, you will need to buy additional lighting fixtures with sensors.
Motion sensor connection diagrams
Expert opinion
When choosing a motion sensor, you should give preference to infrared models. They respond to the heat of the human body and are resistant to sound vibrations and vibration (unlike ultrasonic sensors that respond to temperature changes). They are the most accurate, but they require fine tuning, preferably professional.
Konstantin Kotovsky
Connecting the motion controller to the lighting fixture
Connect the motion sensor according to the diagram - simple operation, which resembles connecting an ordinary switch. This is logical, because this device, like a switch, opens and closes contact through the electrical circuit where the lighting device is located.
Typically, a diagram for connecting a motion controller according to the diagram is attached along with the instructions or shown on the packaging or the device case.
According to the diagram, there are 2 types of sensor power wire: phase (conductor Brown) and zero (wire blue color). When a phase leaves it, it is transferred to one of the two ends of the lamp in the luminaire and vice versa. When the controller is triggered, the relay contact closes, which leads to phase transfer.
To connect the motion controller to the lamp according to the diagram, you need:
- remove the back cover and find the terminal block. There are 3 wires connected to it coming out of the device body;
- looking at the diagram indicated in the instructions or on the case, connect the wire from the sensor to the corresponding wire in the device case;
- After connecting the controller, put on the back cover;
- for connecting wiring to distribution box, where there are 7 wires (3 from the motion sensor, 2 from the lamp, as well as zero and phase), the phase wire of the power cable is connected together with the phase wire from the motion controller. Then the “0” wire from the power cable is connected to a similar wire from the lamp and sensor. The last stage is connecting the 2 remaining conductors.
Connecting the switch to the sensor
Some users of lamps equipped with motion sensors decide to connect them through a common circuit and a switch. This is necessary so that the light is on in some cases regardless of the operation of the sensor, for example, if you need to stand still or turn on the light in a room or in the yard before entering it.
Connection diagram for a motion sensor for lighting, for operation in two modes, as well as a switch + motion sensor
To connect the switch you will need to follow simple scheme, which can be found on the Internet. According to it, the switch will duplicate the functions of the sensor, in in some cases in forced mode by controlling the light. This scheme involves parallel connection of the switch and the motion controller.
When the switch is active in the circuit, the light will not go out for the required period, and when it is turned off, the lighting will be controlled through the controller.
Motion sensor settings
In addition to connecting according to the diagram, you also need to adjust the following parameters:
- illumination (LUX);
- shutdown delay (TIME);
- sensitivity to infrared rays (SENS).
By adjusting the time settings, you can set the period during which the lighting will turn on from the moment movement is detected in the controlled area. Typically, this value for lamps ranges from 1 to 600 seconds. Important role The speed of the person will also play a role in setting the time period. It also determines whether the controller will work or not. If a person quickly passes through the control area, it is better to reduce the light burning time. And vice versa - when installing such a device in a garage or utility room It would be logical to set a longer shutdown delay.
Setting up motion sensors
As for the LUX illumination parameter, it adjusts the operation of the lamp during the day and at night. If the light level outside or in a room drops to a certain level, the light turns on. You can also change the light threshold yourself.
Setting the LUX parameter to the largest scale division is recommended if there is a small amount of daylight in the room and vice versa.
In many motion sensors in lamps, you can also adjust the sensitivity to lighting activation - SENS. The controller's response depends on the level of sensitivity to objects set there. If the motion sensor is triggered quite often, or “sees” the slightest vibrations, the sensitivity needs to be reduced. A simple rotation of the lamp to the desired point can also help in changing it. In addition, you can set:
- range (no more than the maximum, which usually reaches 10-12 m);
- volume (if you do not want the lamp to turn on due to a flying bird).
By the way, in many models operating outdoors, reconfiguration must be carried out in winter and summer - some indicators in them may go astray.
Received higher education majoring in Fundamental Informatics and information Technology in Moscow state university named after M.V. Lomonosov. After that, he became an expert in a well-known online publication. After a while, I decided to try writing articles on my own. He runs a popular blog on YouTube and shares interesting information from the world of technology.
According to experts, the connection diagram for a motion sensor for illuminating a certain space does not differ much from a conventional switch, which makes it possible to install such equipment as in country house, and in the squares around it. In addition, both motion-sensitive devices and pass-through switch mechanisms can be used to organize lighting.
In addition, such devices are often connected to other networks, for example:
- alarm systems;
- sound notification;
- other equipment used for the protection and safety of private property.
Ceiling sensors.
For models of ceiling sensors, the protected zone is 360 degrees and is made in the form of a cone with a divergence angle of up to 120 degrees. Thus, a multi-beam barrier is created, when crossed, for example, by a person or animal, the sensor detects a violation and goes into alarm mode.
As a rule, ceiling sensors, depending on the model, are installed at a height of 2.5 - 3 meters from the floor. At the same time, the protected zone in the lower part is from 10 to 20 meters in diameter.
It is better to install them in small spaces, where all four sides need to be monitored simultaneously, and where installing a wall sensor will not be effective.
Standard connection diagrams for motion recording devices
The operating principle of the device is based on detecting movement at a certain distance from the sensor. The device evaluates the light level in the room. If the indicator is below the set value, the light turns on. The light sensor allows you to avoid turning on the device during daylight hours when artificial light is not needed.
A standard device includes elements such as a sensor, photocells and lenses. Switches are usually classified according to a number of criteria: by control method, type of installation, operating principle of sensors, and functional tasks.
According to the control method, switches are divided into 2 types:
- automatic;
- with remote control.
Classification by type of installation includes the following devices:
- ceiling;
- invoices;
- built-in
Models are divided according to the operating principle of the sensors:
- ultrasonic;
- microwave;
- infrared (most common).
Based on their functional characteristics, the following devices are distinguished:
- with a sensor that can be switched off manually;
- with connection by timer and shutdown at a given light level;
- with the function of manual control over the time of light supply;
- with shutdown by a timer signal, regardless of the light level.
Products differ in coverage area, signal transmission range, viewing angle (90, 180 or 360 degrees). Switches vary in the class of protection of the housing and the number of simultaneously switched on lighting devices.
Motion sensors are installed not only for lighting local area, but also inside the house itself. For example, a device installed on a staircase will turn on the lights only when it is really necessary - if someone is going up or down it.
Each sensor is designed for a specific sector located in its field of view. The principle of operation is simple - if movement of objects is detected in this area, then a circuit is closed that supplies power to the lighting fixtures. Therefore, the efficiency of the system is determined by the correct choice of installation location, that is, the creation of a “view” of the controlled area necessary under specific conditions.
Lighting devices connected to the sensor can be turned on only while the object is moving in the sector, or with a subsequent turn-off delay from several seconds to 10÷15 minutes. This parameter is preset by the user.
When starting this section, you should immediately note the following. Despite the variety of models, almost all motion sensors are connected to lighting fixtures in a similar way. The exception is lamps that require voltage conversion. But here the whole difference is that the power supply is included in the circuit.
The standard connection system for the vast majority of motion sensors is a three-pin terminal. Two of them are the usual phase (L) and zero (N). The third contact can be indicated by the letter “A”, “L out” or even just an outgoing arrow →. But in any case, this is also a phase, but this one goes to the lighting device when the sensor is triggered.
A. Here is the simplest diagram for connecting a motion sensor to an LED spotlight.
A few clarifications. Power cable The 220 volt network combines three conductors. Brown (in the diagram, in reality it may have a different color) – phase L, blue – zero N, and green-yellow – protective grounding PE.
PE grounding goes directly to the spotlight - since in most cases there is a metal body, this measure is a necessary condition operational safety.
Zero N is switched equally to the corresponding terminals of both devices.
The phase goes to terminal contact L of the motion sensor.
And finally, from contact A of the sensor terminal, when the device is triggered, the phase will be supplied to contact L of the spotlight. Thus, when the circuit in the motion sensor is closed, the lighting device will turn on.
B. The diagram shown above assumes direct connection of the “motion sensor floodlight” system to electrical network. But often a switch is also provided. By the way, there may be different options with it.
So, the following diagram demonstrates that the switch can be installed in an open phase going to the terminals of the motion sensor.
It is quite obvious that when the switch is in the off position, the power is interrupted completely. That is, the motion sensor itself does not work and, accordingly, the phase cannot reach the spotlight. When turned on, the system operates in its characteristic “standby mode”, that is, it reacts by turning on the light to movement in the “sector of responsibility”.
B. But this arrangement of the switch in the circuit, as shown below, has a completely different purpose.
It is clearly visible that the power to the motion sensor is not interrupted. When the switch is in the “off” position, that is, with open contacts, the system operates in its characteristic mode, that is, the sensor controls the activation of the spotlight. But there are often situations when it is necessary to illuminate an area of the yard, so to speak, on an ongoing basis - to carry out certain economic works at dusk, receiving guests, etc.
D. The circuit can also be used with a two-key switch. Then, as necessary, you can choose the most suitable one in this moment system operating mode.
When both keys are turned off, the system is completely de-energized.
Turning on key No. 1 puts the system into the mode of tracking movement in a given sector and turning on the spotlight based on the sensor.
Turning on key #2 (regardless of the position of key #1) simply turns on the spotlight directly.
D. Sometimes complex configuration territory (premises) forces the installation of two motion sensors, or even more. In this case, they are placed so that the “sector of responsibility” of one intersects with the area of the other. That is, a moving person is constantly in the field of view of the devices.
In such cases, it is most convenient to connect motion sensors in parallel. An example is shown in the diagram below.
It is clear that in operation both devices are completely independent of each other, but each of them is equally capable of controlling the spotlight.
A scheme for sequential connection of sensors is less commonly used, when the phase to each subsequent device comes from the control terminal A of the previous one. It is unlikely that this method would be appropriate in the yard in combination with a spotlight. Therefore, there is no particular point in providing a diagram.
The motion sensor is used to automatically turn on the lights in the house. It detects an object moving in the room and sends a signal to turn on the light. It is very convenient to use such devices in everyday life.
What is a motion sensor and why is it needed?
The motion sensor is a special wave detector powered by electricity. It detects movements in the room. That is, any moving object entering the coverage area of the motion sensor activates the sensor system, which transmits it to the mechanism attached to it.
The device will not harm your health and will significantly save energy, and therefore the money that you could pay for it.
This device has many advantages:
By installing a motion sensor in any warehouse, will make your life easier. As a rule, in such rooms the switches are located quite far from the entrance. This means that if the room is creatively cluttered, you can easily get injured by tripping over an object.
Multifunctionality is one of the main advantages of motion sensors. Not only is it compact and ideal for any interior, but it can also be wireless, which is convenient. The motion sensor can be used for various purposes, be it opening a gate or signaling.
Types of motion sensors
Now there are several types of motion sensors. Before purchasing, you should understand a little about the characteristics of these devices. There are a large number of them so that everyone can choose a device that suits their specific requirements.
Motion sensors are divided into several types, depending on the location where it is located:
- Type internal. This type of sensor is located indoors. You can install it absolutely anywhere in your house or apartment.
- External type. Such a device operates at a distance of 100 to 500 meters. They are usually installed in the courtyard of a house or in large areas of various industries.
The installation, like the devices, is divided into two types:
- Ceiling installation type. This alarm device is mounted in the ceiling. Typically, it works 360 degrees.
- Wall-mounted or, another name, corner type of installation. The advantage is considered to be a smaller opening angle, which reduces the number of false reactions.
The alarm power supply is divided into several types:
Wired power supply – they work well throughout the entire period of operation, almost like new. This happens because electricity is transmitted through wires. The alarm has a minus - it turns off if there is no electricity.
Autonomous or wireless power supply. It runs on one or more batteries that are pre-built. More modern models eat sunlight. However, such an environmentally friendly option requires control of electricity. It should not be too little or too much.
Installation
The sensors also differ in installation. There are external or overhead ones, as well as devices that are built-in. The first ones are easy to install; you only need to connect electrical wiring to them. The second type has the main advantage of being able to be manufactured for the interior and overall design rooms.
To better understand what it looks like, it’s worth looking at photos of such motion sensors. Thanks to this advantage The sensor can be planned at the design stage of the whole house. Both types differ from each other in their operating principle.
Ultrasonic motion sensor
It works quite simply. The waves that come from the moving object are read by a built-in wave catcher. This type The sensors last a long time and are easy to use. The price of the ultrasonic sensor is reasonable and it is also environmentally friendly.
However, it has some disadvantages:
- Often does not respond to slow moving objects.
- It has a negative effect on animals, so if you have pets you should not choose a sensor of this type.
Infrared sensors
Such devices react to heat emanating from a moving object, then the light turns on. The implementation of this action directly depends on the number of light bulbs that are built into the system. The more lamps, the more territory the device covers.
It is not advisable to install such a sensor in the kitchen, because... there are temperature changes, and as you already know, these devices do not like temperature changes.
The sensor is harmless to animals and people. The device is customized to suit your viewing angle and sensitivity requirements. Sensors of this type work great both indoors and outdoors - this is definitely a plus. Infrared sensors include 12 volt motion sensors.
Disadvantages of infrared sensors:
- They react to heat waves from equipment located in the room.
- Precipitation and sun affect the infrared sensors.
- Does not react to objects that do not emit heat.
Principles of operation of motion sensors
The principle of operation of the motion sensor is quite simple. When a moving object appears in the motion sensor's viewing area, the built-in detector will turn on the relay and, with its help, electricity will be transmitted to the light bulbs, thereby turning on the light.
The device operates for the time you specify in the settings. You can select from 5 seconds to 10 minutes. That is, for example, you set a timer for 5 minutes, if there is no movement during this entire time, the device will turn off the light.
Even before purchasing a sensor, you need to decide on its location. The type of device will depend on this. For example, a sensor infrared type will not react to a person if he has not entered the room. If you want the light to turn on when the doors are opened, install an ultrasonic type device.
How to install a motion sensor correctly?
You already know what a motion sensor is, their types, and how they work. Now let's talk about how to properly connect a motion sensor. When placing the device, be sure to take into account the size of the room where the windows and doors are located. All this affects the correct operation of the sensor.
Consider these factors when installing the device:
- There should be no dirt or dust.
- Any objects in front of the sensor, especially outdoors, may cause the device to trigger.
- If you are installing an alarm with wiring, its insulation must be moisture resistant.
- Mounting the sensor next to or opposite devices that emit light or electromagnetic waves is not a good idea.
- Set the desired angle and direction, because the device will react to objects that fall within the coverage area.
- Select lamps based on power, take with a margin of 15%.
So now you know everything there is to know about motion sensors. I hope after reading this article, you have decided for yourself which motion sensor is better to choose.
Photos of motion sensors
