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Forced ventilation in the bathroom - types and installation. High-quality ventilation in the bathroom and toilet Ventilation systems for the bathroom and toilet

The bathroom and toilet are rooms in the process of arranging which, first of all, you need to think about organizing intensive air exchange. This is due to the specific nature of the operation of hygienic premises. Polluted and over-humidified air must be freely removed and replaced with a fresh portion.

We will tell you how ventilation should be arranged in the bathroom and toilet according to building regulations and rules. In the article we presented, the options for organizing ventilation that have been tested in practice are analyzed in detail. Do-it-yourselfers will find detailed installation manuals here.

The opinion that the absence of a ventilation shaft in the bathroom and toilet will only lead to fogging of the mirrors is fundamentally wrong. The main problem is the appearance of fungus (most often it can be seen on the seams between tiles) and rust on the surface of equipment and furniture.

Often, it is due to an incorrectly designed ventilation system that corrosion affects working parts. washing machine, which is the reason for its breakdown. The list of problems that the lack of intensive air exchange leads to does not end with this. As a result, poor ventilation will have a detrimental effect on the health of residents.

Sanitary requirements and standards

There are special standards that must be followed when organizing forced air exchange in rooms with high humidity levels. At a minimum, it is necessary to ensure an influx of fresh air in the amount of 6-7 m 3 / hour for each cubic meter of the bathroom and about 8-10 m 3 / hour for the toilet or combined bathroom.

The difference between natural ventilation and forced ventilation

There is natural and forced ventilation. In the first case, air exchange is ensured by the circulation of air masses through door and window openings. About a century ago, natural ventilation was considered the most effective method.

Today, it is unable to provide a sufficient level of air exchange, so it is used only for inflow. To fully ventilate the room, choose the forced option. After all, no one wants to open a window for a long time in winter and let out the heat.

Organization forced ventilation involves installing an exhaust fan. Thanks to this, you can retain precious heat, remove excess moisture and fill the room with fresh and clean air in a matter of minutes.

The main reason why it is worth installing forced ventilation is precisely sized doorways and the tightness of modern double-glazed windows. Such perfectionism, while retaining heat, makes any natural air exchange impossible.

Calculation of optimal performance

Before going to the store and purchasing equipment for installing forced ventilation in the toilet and bathroom, you need to make some calculations. To select the equipment that is optimal for performance, you need to know the exact volume and type of room.

Each room has its own air exchange rate. This characteristic shows how many times the air in the room should be completely renewed per unit of time (usually one hour). Since the bathroom and toilet are considered one of the wettest places in any apartment or house, a maximum air exchange rate of 10 is recommended.

If the fan cannot be placed in the optimal place for organizing intensive air exchange, then its power must be multiplied by 2-3 times

You should also immediately provide openings for air flow. To do this, you can leave a gap of up to 2 cm between the floor and the door, install special grilles at the bottom of the doors to the bathroom and toilet, or drill holes yourself. But the last option does not look the most attractive.

Classification of exhaust fans

When planning the installation of a ventilation system, special attention should be paid to the principle of its operation and individual components. After all, productivity, noise level of equipment, installation cost and durability depend on this.

For forced evacuation of exhaust air from the room, three types of fans are used:

• diametrical;
• axial;
• radial.

The first type of devices is designed to work in heat guns and air conditioning systems. Therefore, it is not suitable for organizing ventilation in the bathroom and toilet. It remains to choose from two other types.

The main difference between axial models and radial ones is their low cost and high power. But the device will make quite a lot of noise. An axial fan is an impeller to which blades are attached. The system is driven by an electric motor.

As for radial units, their operation is based on the action of centrifugal force. Due to the rotation of the impeller together with the blades, air masses move.

In this case, you can change the inclination of the blades, thereby reducing the amount of energy consumed by the device and reducing the level of noise it produces. Our recommended article will introduce you to popular models intended for installation in bathrooms.

To prevent air from the ventilation shaft from returning back into the room, it is recommended to buy devices with a check valve. Such devices are indispensable in modern apartments.

Basic criteria for choosing equipment

Manufacturers offer a simply huge range. Therefore, it is not surprising that every unprepared buyer falls into a stupor and does not even know what he should order.

When buying an exhaust device for the bathroom and toilet, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Duct diameter. Depending on this characteristic, the fan pipe is selected. As a rule, standard models have a diameter of 150, 125 or 100 mm.
2. Presence/absence of air ducts, as well as their location in the room. These criteria influence where the fan will be installed.
3. Power. Characteristics are important when choosing, so that in the future the exhaust equipment copes with the functions assigned to it.
4. Presence of moisture protection. This indicator is marked with the Latin letters IP. The minimum required value for a plumbing unit is IP30, but it is better to spend a little money and order a device with IP44. In the latter case, it will be located in a special sealed casing, protected from moisture and splashes.
5. Noise level. This important characteristic Few people pay due attention, but in vain. After all, a silent exhaust system will make being in the bathroom and toilet more comfortable.

Taking these subtleties into account, you can choose a model that will be inexpensive and satisfy all your wishes.

Typically, the fan package includes the device itself and four dowels that will be needed for its installation. In most cases, a cardboard box is used to package the device.

Additional equipment functions

An excellent solution would be to order a fan with additional functions. Most often, buyers prefer models with a built-in timer.

In this case, the user can leave the factory settings or program the operation of the device independently, changing the operating time, start delay, etc. Thanks to this, it is possible to automate the process of ventilation of the toilet and bathroom.

Devices with a built-in timer are quite expensive. Therefore, their choice should be taken with full responsibility. Products from Maico have proven themselves best. This manufacturer offers whole line models that are equipped not only with a timer, but also with other additional functions.

Fans that allow you to switch the base load will help save energy. That is, the unit can operate in two modes: half its capacity and full power, when you need to refresh the air in the room in the shortest possible time. Thanks to this function, the noise of the ventilation system is significantly reduced and energy is saved.

A good solution would be to buy a device with a clock or backlight. These additional features will make showering or bathing more convenient and comfortable.

Any specialist will prefer a device with a built-in humidity sensor. Its peculiarity is that it turns on only by a signal from the built-in hygrometer. Thanks to this function, energy is saved and there is no need for a separate electrical outlet for the fan or connecting the device to a light switch.

System components and materials

Today, ventilation is assembled from round or rectangular section. As a rule, they are made of metal or plastic. These elements are mounted behind a suspended ceiling.

If we are talking about bathrooms and toilets in a small apartment, then in such housing the ventilation duct is a hole in the wall into which a fan is inserted. In this case, there is no point or need to design a complex, branched system.

As for private houses, ventilation for them is constructed from the following elements:

• Air ducts. It is much more convenient to install rectangular air ducts. They fit compactly under the ceiling and do not take up extra space. These are pipes whose length can be 2, 1 and 0.5 m.
• Fan. A surface-mounted or built-in device is used. The latter variety is best used in branched and complex systems. Overhead models are recommended for ventilating one room.
• Swivel elbows. In case of rectangular pipes swivel elbows can be vertical and horizontal.
• Couplings. These elements are used to connect straight sections of the ventilation system.
• Check valves. They are designed to prevent air and insects from entering the mine.

During the installation process you will also need fastenings. Much more convenient to use ready-made elements. They will greatly simplify the installation process and speed up the work.

But if you need to save money, you can make the fastening elements yourself

In case of design error or insufficient efficient work ventilation systems in the bathroom and toilet of a private house can be eliminated by installing them in the wall. Features of choosing the specified device and installation rules are given in the article, the contents of which we advise you to familiarize yourself with.

Installation of ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

Before starting installation work, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work. First of all, you need to compare the diameter of the exhaust device with the size of the shaft.

If the ventilation hole is large, then a plastic pipe or corrugation is inserted into it. In this case, voids should be sealed using polyurethane foam. If the entrance to the ventilation shaft is smaller, it can be expanded using a hammer drill.

Determining the installation location

For forced ventilation to be as effective as possible, it is not enough to just purchase powerful equipment. It is equally important to choose the right installation location.

Since it is designed to remove hot humid air, it optimal solution It will be installed in the upper part of the wall, which is located opposite the door.

It is important to organize the flow into the room - you will have to build a special grille into the lower part of the door or leave a regular gap under the door (a more economical way). These options will allow fresh air to flow from the living space into the bathroom.

Diagnostics of the condition of the ventilation duct

If you are thinking about remodeling a bathroom or toilet, then before starting any work it should be done in ways accessible to the owners.

First of all, the traction is checked, for which a sheet of plain paper, a lit match or a lighter is leaned against the shaft. If the paper sticks to the ventilation grille and the flame tilts towards the duct, then this is a good sign.

To improve draft, it is recommended to check whether the ventilation duct is cluttered with debris left over from inappropriate repair work or for any other reasons. After cleaning, check the draft with the door open and closed.

Selecting a device connection diagram

If we consider standard apartment in a new building, then in the vast majority of cases natural ventilation is not enough to remove all excess moisture from the bathroom. The only exception is a private house, the toilet of which has a window.

But when installing forced ventilation, the question is: how long should the exhaust device work? Often apartment owners. This means that the device will be able to work exactly as long as a person is in the bathroom. This may not be enough.

The second method is based on connecting the fan to a separate switch. But in this case, the user will forget to turn on/off the device. Therefore, a suitable solution would be to install a fan with a humidity sensor. Such devices operate autonomously and remove excess moisture from the bathroom without human intervention.

Due to convenience and energy savings, the most popular method is when the fan is connected to the light switch. But this method is not very effective

Fan installation details

Before you begin installing the ventilation system, you must read the instructions that come with the devices. In the vast majority of cases, the entire installation process is described in detail in the insert. This will greatly simplify and speed up the work.

The most labor-intensive stage is installing and connecting the fan.

1. Remove the front cover.
2. In those areas where the fan is adjacent to the wall, it is necessary to apply polymer glue, silicone or liquid nails. All of the above mounting methods are perfect, since exhaust devices are most often made of plastic and, accordingly, are light in weight. That's why liquid nails will be sufficient.
3. Insert the fan so that its working part (electric motor and wheel with blades) is completely “recessed” into the wall.
4. Press the unit body tightly so that the adhesive has time to set.
5. Install a mosquito net. This element will protect against various insects and debris from entering the room from the ventilation duct.
6. Secure the front cover using self-tapping screws or dowels that are included in the kit.

The final stage is laying the cable and connecting the ventilation system to electrical network.

The entire installation process is quite simple, but if any problems or difficulties arise, it is better to entrust this work to professionals

Forced ventilation significantly increases the volume of air removed from the room. But since the front cover blocks a considerable part of the channel when the device is turned off, the flow rate decreases several times. Because of this, its performance drops significantly.

The above problem is solved by installing an air intake grille. This will help restore normal performance. The second method is to leave a small gap (1-3 cm) between the front cover and the wall. Air will be sucked into the resulting gap and ventilation will operate normally.

When connecting the ventilation system to the electrical network, you must adhere to safety rules. First of all, you need to make sure that the wires are de-energized. In addition, to connect them it is better to use terminal blocks rather than “twists”

Common installation mistakes

If an inexperienced craftsman is installing a ventilation system, then situations often arise when, after finishing the work, its performance does not satisfy the wishes of the residents or it is not efficient.

The reason for this is due to errors during installation. To avoid basic problems, you need to know some nuances.

The most common errors encountered when installing a ventilation system are:

• the channel is designed incorrectly, which significantly impedes the movement of air;
• fans make a lot of noise when operating;
• the tightness of the shaft connection is broken;
• The ventilation system passes through the living space and its noise interferes with the normal life of the family.

If the design was not done correctly, then the problems listed above will certainly appear. However, to correct them, it is often necessary to completely redo the ventilation system.

In some cases, a strong hum when the fan is operating is a clear sign of its incorrect installation and an error called “alignment”. This problem is solved by dismantling the device and reinstalling it, but with strict adherence to technology

You can go the easy way. For example, to reduce noise, it is recommended to use noise absorbers. As for increasing ventilation performance, to do this you will have to install a new, more powerful exhaust device and check the quality of the air flow into the bathroom and toilet.

People who are faced with organizing ventilation in the bathroom and toilet for the first time will find it useful to read the tips from experienced craftsmen. First of all, they recommend ensuring a normal flow of fresh air into the room. Otherwise, the operation of the exhaust fan will be meaningless.

There is no need to buy expensive and bulky systems. Spending enormous amounts of money is not always the best solution. It is enough to select the devices correctly and competently, then even cheap models will cope perfectly with the ventilation of the room.

When choosing a fan, you should never skimp on quality. After all, the health of each family member, as well as the service life of the device, depends on this. It’s better to spend money once, but order a device that will faithfully serve for decades

If the house has an air conditioner, ionizer, purifier, and similar devices, then it is still necessary to install ventilation. After all, none of the devices listed above provides a flow of fresh air into living spaces.

Rules for operating the exhaust system

In order for the equipment to serve as long as possible, it is necessary to regularly carry out preventive maintenance. After all, dust and dirt accumulate on the fan blades over time. This does not allow the device to operate at its maximum capabilities and provide decent air exchange. Moreover, if cleaning is not carried out in a timely manner, the device may fail.

Installing a forced ventilation system allows you to solve the problem of room ventilation, which is pressing for modern houses and apartments. A window is rarely installed in bathrooms and toilets, so the only correct and reasonable solution would be to provide intensive air exchange artificially by installing a fan in the system.

August 7, 2016
Specialization: Capital construction works(laying a foundation, erecting walls, constructing a roof, etc.). Internal construction work (laying internal communications, rough and fine finishing). Hobbies: mobile communications, high technology, computer equipment, programming.

Few people know that one of the important engineering systems Both a city apartment and a private country house have ventilation in the bathroom. We recently discussed a renovation project for a home, and the owner asked if it was possible to completely close the ventilation holes in the plumbing unit, supposedly to keep cockroaches out.

It took him a long time to prove that the lattice under the ceiling is not a spectacularly designed entrance to a house for insects, but necessary element ensuring air exchange in the apartment. And under no circumstances should you brick up a hole in the ceiling or wall of a plumbing unit.

On the contrary, I advised him to think about how to improve air exchange in the rooms by installing a more powerful fan. He provided several options to choose from to resolve the issue. As a result, we settled on forced ventilation with air ducts laid in transit through the toilet.

And at the same time, I thought that information on how to make a ventilation system would be useful to many home craftsmen who like to make things with their own hands. That’s why I bring to your attention today’s article. It describes in detail how forced ventilation is designed in the bathroom and toilet - the room where it is needed most.

Classification of ventilation systems

Before we begin the story of how forced ventilation is installed in a plumbing room, I will dwell on the description of all existing systems to ensure air exchange in rooms.

There are two ways to organize air exchange:

1. Natural flow. In this case, fresh air comes from windows, doors, specially equipped supply valves and by infiltration through building envelopes. Warm and moist air containing pollutants is removed through common exhaust ducts.
   The circulation is ensured due to the difference in temperature and pressure of the air masses inside the room and at the cut of the ventilation pipe.

Based on my own experience I can tell you that now natural ventilation almost does not fulfill the tasks assigned to it. This happens for several reasons:

• exhaust air channels clogged with garbage or other objects (and few of you, readers, know how to clean the exhaust duct);
• modern Construction Materials so sealed that they do not let in enough air to provide replacement air in the rooms.

1. Artificial flow(forced ventilation). In this case, intensive exchange is ensured by a grille with a fan. The latter rarefies the air inside the bathroom, pulling it into the channel, as a result of which air masses from the apartment enter this room.

Even if your hood works well, I recommend installing an electric fan. It will help not only reduce humidity in rooms, but also quickly get rid of unpleasant odors.

In addition to the mentioned classification criterion, I can identify several more types of ventilation according to their purpose:

1. Exhaust. In this case, the air leaves through the ventilation shaft, as a result of which the pressure in the rooms decreases and air from the street enters there.
2. Supply. Here the functioning scheme is reversed. Due to the supply fans, excess pressure is created in the rooms, so dirty air is pushed out.
3. Mixed. The principle of its functioning is based on a combination of the varieties described above.

Well, another important point is the design of the ventilation system. Based on this parameter, two types of systems can be distinguished:

1. Ductless. In this case, the air goes into the openings provided by the building design, located in the walls or ceiling of the bathroom and toilet.
   I have renovated apartments several times (and I live in one myself), where the ventilation shaft was installed only in the toilet, and a hole in the bathroom was used to ventilate the bathroom. This is completely ineffective, so I designed a different type of ventilation.
2. Channel. Special air channels are used to transport air. That is, if we take my example, I laid a duct from the bathroom to the ventilation shaft in the toilet. Then I hid it in the suspended ceiling, but you can disguise communications in other, simpler ways.

Features of ventilation systems

Now I’ll tell you in more detail about the device of natural and forced ventilation. After all, you may encounter the construction of both the first and second. And the supply, as they say, is not enough for the pocket.

Natural

The design and construction of a natural ventilation system is carried out at the stage of construction of an apartment building. And you cannot make any significant changes to it. Moreover, unauthorized interference in the operation of utilities common use is fraught with sanctions provided for by current legislation.

You can only supplement the ventilation with several channels that will take away warm and wet air With unpleasant odors from certain areas of the home.

Ventilation in a bathroom in a private house is a different matter. Here you must ensure that everything is done correctly. Or once again remind this to those who draw up the project (although they themselves should know).

Be that as it may, I will give some tips that will help increase the efficiency of a ventilation system with natural air flow:

1. I recommend including straight and strictly vertical ventilation ducts in the project. In this case, each air duct must serve a separate room.
   If you have to make turns, it is better to bend the pipe under minimum angle so that the air leaves the premises faster. The turning radius must be at least 10 cm.
2. Combining several rooms and organizing ventilation using one channel is possible only in the following cases:

• in the kitchen and sauna;
• in the toilet and bathroom.

And even then only if they are located on the same floor of the home.

1. All exhaust ducts from different rooms can be combined into one pipe at . But only if they are located close to each other. If you have a kitchen on one side of the cottage and a bathroom on the other, it’s better to make two exhaust pipes to ensure good traction.

1. I always recommend making air ducts from plastic pipes with smooth internal walls so that turbulence does not form in the air, which reduces the efficiency of the engineering system.

I once did ventilation in a toilet at the dacha. I have a small one there one-story house, so the role of the hood was simply played by a piece of pipe connected to a hole in the ceiling and brought above the roof. But this is a special case.

Forced

From my practice, I want to say that natural ventilation is good only in small houses or auxiliary buildings. Forced ventilation is more effective. And in some cases it is simply necessary.

I will give you a few examples when forced exhaust is required:

1. If the ventilation system with natural air flow in the bathroom does not work at all or works very ineffectively (eloquent signs of the latter are constantly wet walls and the appearance of mold).

1. When the previously working natural ventilation system has broken down and you will have to spend a lot of effort and money to restore its functionality.
2. If you have a problem brilliant idea install an electric sauna in the bathroom or install a steam generator.

Despite such a formidable name, coercive system It is designed quite simply. Below I will talk about this in more detail.

Installation materials

Before installing a forced ventilation system, you need to stock up on the necessary materials. In short, you will need air ducts, fans and mounting hardware.

But first things first.

Ventilation ducts

Air channels, as ventilation ducts are otherwise called, are pipes of various sections made of different materials, through which you can organize the flow of air from the point of its intake (the grille in the bathroom) to the central exhaust pipe.

There are many different options, but I prefer to use the following:

1. Made of plastic. There are round and rectangular. I prefer the latter. One of the advantages of plastic ventilation ducts is the slight noise produced by the air inside.

It can be easily installed on the ceiling of a bathroom or toilet using special brackets. If you installed, for example, sewer pipes yourself, then I can assure you that this process will not cause any difficulties.

1. Made of metal. There are hard (like plastic) and soft (in the form corrugated pipe). I use this option in cases where the ventilation grill is located in a hard-to-reach place.
   The flexible corrugated channel allows you to place it in any place convenient for you. But during operation it can vibrate and, accordingly, make unpleasant noise. I don't really like it.

Fans

Now about the main element of ventilation - the fan. To organize air flow in the bathroom, a device that is not too powerful is suitable.

Before moving on to any specific tips for choosing, I will list the main varieties electric fans that I came across in plumbing stores:

Type	Description
Varieties according to installation methods
Radial	Installed at the air intake point at the inlet of the air duct. As a rule, it has an aesthetic appearance so as to fit organically into the design of the sanitary facility.
Duct	It is mounted directly into the air duct insert and is not visible from the outside.
Varieties according to design features
Axial	The blades of this device are fixed to the axis of the unit. Most often, I installed such a fan in ductless ventilation systems directly on the hole through which air was sucked into the central vertical channel.
Diametrical	Equipped with a drum impeller. I do not recommend buying such a device, as it is different low coefficient useful action.
Centrifugal	The fan blades are installed in the form of a spiral. This is the most efficient fan, but during operation it makes a lot of noise, which I personally do not consider a plus for a household unit.
Centrifugal-axial	The golden mean among fans. It is small in size, pumps a large volume of air and makes virtually no noise.

I recommend choosing a fan for the bathroom in such a way that the entire volume of air in the room is renewed at least 5 times within an hour. This is enshrined in building codes and regulations.

I calculate the required device performance using the following scheme:

• I calculate the area of ​​the plumbing block;
• I multiply the resulting value by 5 (a coefficient that takes into account the frequency of use of the bathroom);
• I add 20% to this value - a reserve just in case.

In addition, when purchasing, you need to pay attention to several more factors, because the device will have to be operated under specific conditions:

1. It is necessary to purchase a device that is suitable for use in rooms with humid air. Otherwise, the contacts of the device may short out, and in some cases there is a risk of injury. electric shock people who wash themselves in the bath or shower.
2. You should purchase a fan that is as quiet as possible. A buzzing device can annoy not only you, but also your neighbors. By the way, to reduce noise, I recommend using different insulation materials when designing ventilation.
3. Never buy a low-power device. If the air exchange in the room is too slow, all your efforts to create effective ventilation will come to nothing.

Most often, fans turn on and off simultaneously with the lights in the room. But this is already an outdated option and I suggest buying several other varieties (their price is not so high as to deny yourself additional amenities):

• with a humidity sensor – the unit starts working if the concentration of water vapor in the air exceeds a preset level;
• with a timer - after turning off the light, the device continues to work for a specified period of time, continuing to ventilate the room after taking a bath or visiting the toilet.

As a last resort, make a separate switch for the fan. This way you can regulate the operating modes of the ventilation system more flexibly.

Ventilation installation

After purchasing all the necessary devices, you can proceed to the installation of ventilation. The installation itself is carried out without any problems. You just need to pay attention to the correct connection of the fan to the electrical network.

If you do not understand this, it is better to contact a specialist to avoid exposing yourself to the risk of electric shock.

Basic installation rules

To avoid common mistakes that beginners make, I will tell you about the basic rules that should be followed when designing a ventilation system:

1. The exhaust vent should be located at the highest point of the room. I always suggest doing it in the ceiling, then it is easier to lay ventilation ducts.
2. Exhaust ventilation should be located at the furthest point from the source of fresh air. In the bathroom, the inflow is through the door, so the hood should be placed on the opposite wall.
3. Although bathroom fans are protected from moisture, the device must be mounted in such a way as to prevent direct contact with liquid.

Naturally, I recommend combining the modernization of the ventilation system with general repairs in the bathroom. This way you can easily attach and mask the air channels, electrical wire and other little things. Otherwise, you will have to come up with some tricks, but the result will still not be what is expected.

Installation of boxes

I begin work on designing ventilation by installing ventilation ducts. They are connected to each other using sockets. Various bends are arranged by installing the necessary shaped parts. Fixing to the ceiling or walls is carried out using brackets.

To keep the ventilation airtight, I always use sealant for the connection. And the scheme of work itself is as follows:

1. First, I install the central channel with pre-inserted tees and crosses, to which the branches will then be attached.
2. After this, I install a check valve on each hole for supplying branches, which will prevent the flow of air in an unplanned direction. Otherwise, it will not be very pleasant if air from the toilet suddenly gets into the bathroom or kitchen.
3. After this, I install air ducts to air intake points in other rooms. Rigid plastic boxes are also suitable for this, but in some cases you can use a flexible metal corrugated sleeve.
4. I mount them in niches for air intake special elements, into which fans will then be installed.

Fan installation

If you have installed the ventilation ducts correctly and installed special end pieces or adapters in the designated places, installing the fan will not be difficult.

You just need to follow some tips:

1. I install the fan in a pre-arranged opening and attach it to decorative material by using adhesive composition. You can also use screws or dowels. It all depends on what your bathroom walls are decorated with.
2. The device should be recessed into the ventilation duct itself. Only a decorative plastic grille is visible from above, which does not introduce dissonance into the interior of the room.
   By the way, I advise you to immediately select the unit so that it matches the design of the plumbing unit according to appearance and coloring.

1. To prevent the fan from making noise, I advise you to make a gasket between the wall and its body from soundproofing material. Or you can process this joint silicone sealant so that vibration is not transmitted to the enclosing structures.
2. The fan must be connected to electricity. You can connect it to the same circuit as the lamp, but it is better to provide a separate switch for the device.

If you install a device with a timer or humidity sensor, it must be connected to a separate electrical cable that is independent of the light switch.

Ventilation in a wooden building

The client really liked the way I made him a ventilation system, so he asked me to tell me a little about how ventilation is done in wooden house on his country plot.

This is a rather serious issue, since special requirements are imposed on the ventilation system in a wooden house. It should work an order of magnitude more efficiently, since high humidity in the premises has an extremely negative effect on the condition of wooden walls.

By the way, the same applies to bathrooms where furniture made of natural wood is installed.

Do not under any circumstances use household air conditioners to ventilate rooms in a wooden cottage. They dry out the air greatly, which can also have a detrimental effect on the condition of the tree.

Conclusion

In my opinion, exhaust ventilation in the bathroom and toilet - the most effective option providing these premises with fresh air. However, if you have your own opinion on this matter, I will be glad if you express it in the comments. And for those who are interested in instructions for checking the functionality of ventilation, I can suggest watching the video in this article.

August 7, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, or ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Each bathroom is characterized by a high level of humidity. In order to prevent such phenomena as the formation of mold or mildew, it is worth checking the serviceability of the ventilation system or installing additional equipment. Very often, many people have a question about how to make ventilation in the toilet with their own hands.

Checking the operation of the ventilation is simple: a sheet of paper attached to the ventilation hole should not fall.

To prevent mold from growing on surfaces, there are several options for combating it:

• insulate all surfaces - this method will prevent the formation of condensation;
• Very effective method is a forced ventilation device.

Cleaning natural ventilation

To clean the ventilation from dust and debris, use a brush with a long flexible handle.

If the natural ventilation system in the toilet does not work well, it is worth cleaning the ducts. To do this, it is worth removing all accumulated dust and cobwebs from the channel. To carry out this procedure, you should use a brush with a long flexible handle.

Professionals who clean ventilation ducts can use more dangerous option cleaning that involves using a gas canister containing a flammable liquid. This method involves burning the dust. Carrying out such a procedure on your own without experience is strictly prohibited; it is better to entrust everything to specialists.

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Forced ventilation

In order for high-quality air exchange to occur in the toilet, it is worth making ventilation that will work automatically. This is very important to ensure that air with heavy odors and fumes does not penetrate into living spaces. The forced one must be equipped with its own exhaust duct. The owner will be presented with a choice of ceiling and wall-mounted ventilation systems.

Device diagram general ventilation in the bathroom and toilet.

For the toilet room, it is worth choosing a supply and exhaust system as forced ventilation. Such a system will regularly circulate air in the room. In addition, it does not involve cutting out an additional ventilation duct, which could subsequently compromise the strength and reliability of the wall.

Ventilation in the toilet, built with your own hands, is quite simple, the main thing is to understand all the nuances. The need for ventilation often arises at a time when natural ventilation does not perform its basic functions well.

This problem is especially evident in the summer, this is due to the fact that the temperature outside and inside the room is almost the same, and the Bernoulli effect does not work. Also, the deterioration of natural ventilation is due to the fact that plastic windows are installed in apartments and houses, which hermetically seal the rooms and prevent the penetration of fresh air. Also, doors that close tightly prevent air from entering the toilet area. This problem is especially noticeable in upper floors high-rise buildings, where the temperature outside in summer is significantly higher than indoors. This problem is less noticeable on the lower floors, where the temperature difference remains even at minimum levels.

As an option, an automatic exhaust system can be installed, in which case the air will be forced out of the room to the outside. But it is worth considering that due to a lack of air in the room, the maximum efficiency of such a system will not be achieved.

The best option is to make ventilation in the toilet a supply and exhaust type.

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What may be required during the work process

Connection diagram for fan to light switch.

In order to make ventilation in the toilet with your own hands, you should purchase everything necessary tools and materials. Everything you need can be bought in a special department hardware store

. It’s worth buying everything at once, having previously drawn up a plan according to which the forced ventilation system will be installed.

• Examples of materials for creating forced ventilation:
• tin boxes - today they come in a variety of shapes;
• plastic boxes;
• flexible air ducts, which are made in the form of a flexible aluminum pipe;
• corrugated plastic pipes;
• flexible plastic air ducts;
• fans;

recuperators.

• In order to carry out installation work on installing a ventilation system, it is worth preparing the necessary equipment:
• tape measure and pencil for marking;
• hacksaw and scissors;
• construction knife;
• hammer for driving dowels;
• drill and screwdriver;
• screwdriver with different attachments;

fastenings - dowels, screws, self-tapping screws. IN winter time

years, it is very important to equip the ventilation system with supply valves.

Scheme for turning on a fan from a light switch with a timer. This element is a regular hole in the wall with a pipe with one or two doors. The valves can be positioned manually or. For maximum comfort, such a hole is located behind the convector or heating radiator.

This arrangement increases draft and simultaneously warms the air. This will allow you to use the ventilation system without additional fans. One valve is enough to ensure normal air exchange in one room. In order to protect the room from the penetration of debris, it is worth installing a grill.

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The use of recuperators in the ventilation system

For the toilet room after all the best option will equip the system with a special fan, which will significantly improve the performance of the entire system. This is especially necessary for summer period. Modern technologies are moving forward, and one of the modern elements that can be equipped with a ventilation system is a recuperator. This device will circulate air regardless of the weather conditions outside. In order to install a supply and ventilation system, you must:

Scheme air handling unit with heat recuperator and supply air filtration.

• 4 holes, which are connected in pairs with special components “street - room”, “room - street”;
• the main essence of the system is that clean air is taken directly from the street and supplied to the premises, and exhaust air is discharged outside;
• recuperators are equipped with special filters that clean the incoming air from dust;
• recuperators operate automatically or using a control system.

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet, where there is always a high level of humidity, causing the appearance of mold fungus, must be sufficiently effective. If in modern and older multi-storey buildings, such as Khrushchev, its presence is provided standard project, then in a private house the owner himself has to think about this at the beginning of construction. Without having certain knowledge and not understanding the intricacies of installation work, it is difficult to install it yourself without errors, but by adopting the existing rules, this will become possible.

Operating principle of air exchange systems

Even at the design stage of a private house, you should adhere to the standards for the installation and operation of ventilation ducts, according to which:

• The air supply should be located at the bottom, and the exhaust at the top, as close to the ceiling as possible. To ensure ventilation of the entire room, they are placed in opposite corners.
• Their internal surface is made as smooth as possible, and the direction of air movement is in a straight line.
• When making turns, avoid sharp bends.
• The fan should not be placed near water, near a bathtub, sink, or toilet.
• Separate air ducts are laid for different floors.

All ventilation systems are divided according to the principle of operation - with natural traction and mechanical impulse. If the bathroom is of modest size and its services are used by a small number of residents, then the first type of ventilation is installed, in other cases - the second.

The natural system works due to the difference in the density of air masses and temperature, when heated and lighter air, rushing upward, passes through the exhaust ducts and ends up outside. At the same time, it is replaced by a denser cold air, entering the room through supply system air ducts How more difference magnitudes, the higher the potential and the better the traction.

This scheme works well in winter, but with the onset of warm days the temperature difference becomes minimal and its effectiveness decreases. Forced ventilation does not have these disadvantages, since a fan is installed in the system, which is responsible for moving air masses.

Ventilation device in a private house

Previously, normal air exchange in the apartment was ensured by natural cracks in wooden windows, along the doorway, and if the private house was made of timber, then also inter-crown voids. But today, in the construction of housing, modern energy-saving technologies are widely used, reducing heating costs and at the same time preventing free air circulation.

Therefore, many owners leave the door ajar, and plastic windows use the micro-ventilation function, which requires the presence of a small gap. Once inside, fresh street air warms up and is discharged through the fireplace pipe, stove heating or existing ventilation ducts. But this scheme is not without its drawbacks - dust, midges enter the house, noise penetrates, and in winter there is frosty air, which provokes drafts.

As a modern and affordable solution many homeowners prefer to install ventilation valve.The advantages of using it are obvious:

• ensuring the necessary air exchange;
• installation is easy to do with your own hands;
• crashes directly into the wall in a convenient place.

Depending on the type and equipment of the water, electrical system The air heating device provides comfortable living conditions at any time of the year.

But a full-fledged system will consist of several elements, such as:

1. 1. Ventilation duct. It is a round or square section leading to the roof of the house. To ensure that nothing interferes with the air flow, it is made as straight as possible. A horizontal insert is allowed, but not longer than 1–2 m.
2. 2. Ventilation outlet - a hole in the wall connected to a duct. To receive large volumes of air it is made of sufficient size, no less than that of the central air duct.
3. 3. Ventilation grille. Made of plastic or metal, it serves as decoration and, covering the exit, prevents the penetration of water and debris into it.

Purpose and types of construction

Considering the characteristics of the system, several types are distinguished:

• Exhaust. The air is removed through a special exhaust channel.
• Supply. Air is supplied to the room under excess pressure, as a result of which the exhaust flows are removed outside through the shaft.
• Mixed. This system combines the above types of ventilation and is the most effective.

In addition, taking into account the characteristics of the structural elements, they are divided into channel and non-channel. In the first case, air is supplied through special ducts. This type of ventilation is used if the air flow needs to be directed to remote areas and simultaneously cleaned of condensation, dust, and other pollutants.

Ductless. In this case, the air flow moves through air ducts built inside the walls and is supplied (discharged) to the bathroom through an opening, usually covered with a decorative grille. This device is typical for typical multi-storey buildings, in which there is a ventilated window between the bathroom and the toilet, and in one of the rooms there is an exit to the central ventilation duct.

By installing a fan, you can combine forced and natural systems and get the best option - mixed type ventilation. If the channel is located far away, then rectangular, round or corrugated boxes are thrown towards it. The walls of products made of plastic are absolutely smooth and do not interfere with air movement, and they also dampen noise waves caused by the operation of the fan. Soft corrugated sections are well suited for getting around difficult obstacles.

In order for the hood to effectively cope with its purpose, installation is carried out adhering to the following rules:

• the place for its installation is chosen opposite from front door wall;
• the fan is recessed into the shaft, securely fastened, and all cracks are filled with sealant;
• Electrical wiring is kept closed for safety reasons.

The fan control in the bathroom is connected directly to the light switch, then odors will be removed immediately, but in the bathroom it is preferable to have a separate switch.

Often in the bathroom, suspended ceilings are mounted on the ceiling. tensile structures. If the shaft is located below their level, then to ventilate the space between the ceilings not far from vent install the grate. If the mine is higher suspended ceiling, then several ventilation holes are made in the latter and a fan is installed in one of them, and the rest are covered with grilles.

Natural ventilation

A device of this type must be planned at the stage of preparation for the construction of a house or cottage, when drawing up a project that specifies the location of all rooms and office premises. The main reason is correct installation, when still in the process of erecting walls through them internal structure it is necessary to lay special ventilation ducts. Usually they start from the first floor towards the attic. Ventilation ducts can be made of brick, plastic material special shape.

Planning the laying natural system ventilation, you should follow several recommendations:

• each room must be equipped with air ducts, the installation of which is carried out vertically;
• if a bathroom with a toilet is located on the same floor, moreover, nearby, then the use of combined hoods is allowed;
• when several service rooms are located close to each other, you can combine their air ducts into one common one without reducing its outlet diameter;
• The walls of the box must be smooth, and there should be no obstacles in the path of the air flow.

The presence of natural ventilation, which provides comfortable living conditions, is mandatory for every private home and other buildings. In the future, the system can be upgraded by additionally installing a fan, thereby increasing its efficiency.

Forced ventilation

A modern forced ventilation system consists of a heat exchanger, filters, and fans. Therefore, the air coming from the street is first purified, and in cold weather it is preheated, and only then distributed among the rooms, displacing the exhaust air outside.

The system includes the following components:

• A fan that provides movement of air masses.
• Air ducts. They are made from pipes 0.5, 1 and 2 meters long and are used to move air flows.
• Connecting couplings. With their help, individual sections are assembled into a single whole.
• Rotary bends. Redirect the flow in the desired direction.
• Check valve. Prevents the return of exhaust air.
• Brackets, fasteners. Installed on the walls and ceiling, they support the entire structure.

To organize an effective exhaust hood in a bathroom or toilet, there are enough fans, for which the main requirement is that the noise level should not exceed 35 dB. Devices on bearings have a longer service life, while devices on bushings are quieter in operation and more affordable.

Axial fans have average level noise and are well suited for installation in a ductless system. The centrifugal device is louder than the others, but has high performance. Paying attention to the listed characteristics, products of the centrifugal-axial type, characterized by low weight, noiselessness and high efficiency, look more attractive.

Several types of connection are common - to a light switch, a separate switch, which is located near the device on the wall (or on its body), using a motion sensor. The latter is triggered when someone enters the room.

Using a filtration system improves the quality of incoming air, but it requires constant maintenance and increases operating costs. The filter must be periodically checked for contamination and changed, since accumulated substances can cause reproduction dangerous bacteria and organisms.

For this reason, it is recommended to install air humidity sensors on forced ventilation, especially in the bathroom. Then the mechanism will be triggered when the specified parameter is reached.

If the installation of forced ventilation is planned only in the bathroom, and the remaining rooms are simply to be ventilated, then for these purposes it is advisable to install a ductless system with a fan inserted into it. It is fixed to special mounting terminals and connected to the power supply using a two-core wire.

The installation of forced ventilation throughout the house requires the purchase of special equipment - a special unit responsible for the supply, exhaust, cleaning, filtration and heating of air. Choose the installation location in the attic or Utility room. Power is calculated by the number of residents based on the size of the house and the material of the walls, but on average this figure is 200-600 m3/h.

Air ducts are assembled using the designer method, using ready-made sections and adapters. Whenever possible, they are hidden from view behind suspended, suspended ceilings, or taken out into the attic. If everything is assembled correctly, then properly functioning ventilation will ensure good air exchange not only in the bathroom, toilet, but throughout the entire house, and, by maintaining the required level of humidity, will reduce the likelihood of mold and mildew appearing on the walls.

Fresh air Promotes good health and vigor. Indoors, this is ensured through ventilation and ventilation. In the toilet and bathroom Freshness is no less necessary than in the rest of the house. There is a built-in ventilation. Let's talk in detail

it, why it is needed, about the design, types and methods of its operation.

The system is necessary not only for the supply of clean air. Thanks to her they achieve optimal temperature, as well as humidity and oxygen levels.
In a small room without the possibility of ventilation, musty and specific air accumulates. A toilet freshener won't help. It hides odors rather than eliminating them. In the bathroom, ventilation is necessary to combat high humidity. After taking a shower or bath without well-functioning ventilation, the area will take a long time to return to normal.

Ventilation

Checking work

The toilet and bathroom in apartments, even with a divided wall, have one air outlet that goes into the shaft. In private houses, a different ventilation system may be provided. This is especially true if it has several floors. In simple houses, the room may have a window for ventilation. The cottages are equipped with a shaft type.
Functional testing is carried out through the air holes. The presence of draft is analyzed by holding a lighter or a sheet of paper to the grate. The fire should go out or turn towards the ventilated window, and the leaf should be attracted to the hole. If this does not happen, then the system is malfunctioning.

Do you know why natural health suddenly deteriorates? There are several of them.

Ventilation in the bathroom and toilet

What to do?

If a problem is discovered, first of all it is necessary to clean the shaft. IN apartment buildings this is done by special services serving them. The teams have special equipment for their work.

But, in an apartment, a tenant can check the available area on his own. To do this, remove the grille and look through the visible area, helping yourself with a flashlight. Often accumulated garbage or dead birds can be removed using a shovel or other device while in the apartment. But this must be done carefully. Do not illuminate the ventilation with a lighter. If there is dry garbage there, a fire will instantly break out and spread to all floors.

Bathroom door

Sometimes it is enough to depressurize the door to the toilet or bathroom to increase air circulation. Of course, if the problem is a high threshold, you shouldn’t lose it, because in the event of a water spill, it will protect the rest of your home from flooding. It is better to provide special slots in the door itself. This is achieved by trimming or installing trellises.

It must be kept in mind that By installing sealed windows in the house and insulating the walls, the owners deprive themselves of natural circulation in the house. Clean air can only get inside if the windows are open. But there is another option. On sale there is the so-called supply valve. Some models cut directly into the window structure at the top of the frame. Then they are ordered when installing windows.
However, when the windows are already installed, they purchase a valve for the wall. For installation it must be drilled through. Usually the valves are placed next to the windows and covered with curtains. Another good place is behind the batteries. Then the air warms up as it enters the room.

Ventilation in the restroom

Types of system

Ventilation is divided into two types:

The latter, in turn, happens:

• exhaust;
• supply;
• supply and exhaust.

For the home, a window in the bathroom will not only improve natural circulation air, but will also become a source of lighting. The window between the kitchen and the bathroom serves the same purpose. It was invented to save electrical energy. It was believed that it was not necessary to turn on the light bulb during the day, since natural light was sufficient.

The cheapest way to solve the problem of air exchange in the house is a ventilation hole that goes directly to the street. In this case, additional blinds can be provided for adjustment, and a fan can be installed to implement forced ventilation.

Previously, natural air exchange was often carried out due to drafts. This happened due to the use of not the highest quality materials, for example, a door that did not close tightly, or the use of old window frames. The use of new technologies eliminated drafts from the premises. Now they appear only if the windows are opened on purpose.

Valves for natural ventilation

If natural air exchange is disrupted, forced ventilation will save the situation.. If there is a mine that provides natural ventilation, then it is remade. Its use is prohibited in multi-storey buildings. After all, this will disrupt the air exchange among neighbors. However, many people do not pay attention to the prohibitions and install forced ventilation in their apartments.
In private houses and cottages, a fan can be installed in shafts. But it is better to do this during construction work.

The most commonly used overhead fan is. Depending on the model, it has the following functions:

It is convenient to use a duct device in the house, installed in the attic in the ventilation pipe. It serves as both a toilet and a bathroom. The main thing is to correctly calculate the power, taking into account the number of people living in the house and the square meters.

Forced ventilation in the bathroom

Which forced ventilation system to choose?

The most common way to establish air circulation is to install a hood. But in big family this is not enough. Then, instead of an exhaust hood, an inflow is used. In this case, air enters the room rather than leaves it. The old air is replaced by new air, providing air exchange.

But one inlet is rarely used. Usually, for optimal ventilation, a complex system is provided, where the hood works together with the air supply. The exhaust vent is installed at the top, and the supply vent at the bottom. The location should be diagonal relative to each other. This will increase the air corridor.

Installing forced ventilation at home is not that difficult. Let's look at how this is done.

To reduce noise, it is advisable to additionally install sealant between the wall and the fan.

Ventilation

It happens that after installation, instead of being exhausted, air began to be sucked in from the shaft. Then you will have to install another fan with a special valve that prevents reverse draft.

Did you know that if the toilet and bath are separated, ventilation is also provided between them? To do this, a pipe is laid in the space behind the ceiling or two fans are installed: between the bathroom and toilet, as well as in the exhaust vent.

Air conditioner

The most convenient, but also expensive device An air conditioner is used to ensure circulation. A good and correctly installed model supports required level humidity, saturates the air with oxygen, and also deodorizes and ionizes it, supplying it in the most comfortable mode. The device is turned on and off manually or adjusted so that a certain temperature is maintained in the room. The most expensive models also have sensors for humidity and other parameters, due to which the automation determines when to start working so that the microclimate of the house remains comfortable for the residents.

Closed and outdoor loops

In apartment buildings, an external cycle is always used, in which air comes from external environment. However, in cottages and private houses they often use a closed cycle when it is run indoors. Thanks to this, the heat in the house is retained and heating costs are saved. To maintain cleanliness and freshness, special filters are installed.

Conclusion

That's how it works ventilation in the bathroom and toilet. Now you know how to provide clean and fresh air in these rooms and make living at home more comfortable. Follow the recommendations in the article and may everything work out for you!

Installation of VENTS Silenta-S fan in the bathroom