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Natural ventilation in the bathhouse: principles of arrangement and layout of ventilation holes. How to arrange ventilation in a steam room Proper ventilation of a bathhouse step-by-step instructions

Many novice developers very often ask the question: Is ventilation needed in the bathhouse? Why let me in? cold air, if so much effort and materials went into insulating it? On the one hand, this is a paradox, but on the other hand, it is a necessity, and in order to understand this issue, you need to weigh all the pros and cons (if any) of installing ventilation in the steam room.

What are the dangers of lack of ventilation in a bathhouse?

In ancient times, when they knew absolutely nothing about ventilation, in Rus' bathhouses, like houses, were made without ventilation holes. But there is an explanation for this. As building material logs were used. Lower crown The logs were made free, which allowed fresh air to flow through the cracks of the log house. We regulated the temperature in the steam room by opening front door. Here is the simplest, but no less effective ventilation of the bathhouse, which was used by our ancestors.

IN modern construction They use completely different materials, and the approach to the construction of buildings is somewhat different. But if you don’t think about installing a ventilation system during the construction of the bathhouse, then the consequences of this will not keep you waiting, namely:

• Rapid wear and tear of the materials used for lining and insulating the bathhouse. Without proper ventilation of the bathhouse, after several years of operation, the owner will have to change not only the lining, but also the floor, and, quite possibly, the insulation. Temperature changes and moisture, which is an inevitable companion of a steam room, are a destructive force that destroys materials in 3-5 years.
• The appearance of an unpleasant odor. This will inevitably happen in a steam room without ventilation, since dampness and warmth are an excellent microclimate for the appearance of mold and fungi. It is almost impossible to get rid of the smell of mold and mustiness in such a room, since using chemicals in the bathhouse is strictly prohibited. This is not only harmful, but also deadly.
• Poisoned air in the steam room. First of all, without proper air exchange, the level in the steam room can increase sharply. carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Probably, there is no need to tell anyone what will happen to a person if the concentration of carbon monoxide increases by at least 0.1%. On top of this is the high temperature of the air in the steam room, which is filled with evaporated sweat from your body. Well, in general, there can be no question of any health-improving effect in such an atmosphere.

The above arguments are enough to understand the axiom: ventilation in the steam room of a bathhouse is not just necessary, but vital.

What should be the ventilation in the bathhouse?

As a rule, steam room ventilation is limited to two to three ventilation holes of the required cross-section. One is for supply air, and the rest are for removing “exhaust” air. It must be taken into account that for comfortable well-being, the air circulation in such a room must be at least 5 times. This means that the entire volume of air in the steam room must change five times in 1 hour. There are several nuances that are required for the installation of any ventilation scheme.

• You need to think about the location and size of the ventilation holes in the bathhouse at the stage of its construction, since it will be very difficult to make holes in the finished steam room.
• The dimensions of the supply and exhaust vents must match. In some cases, the dimensions of the hood may be larger than the inflow.
• Ventilation openings must be equipped with valves. This will allow you to regulate the intensity of air circulation, and when heating the steam room, you can close them completely to raise the temperature more quickly.
• A very important parameter is the cross-section of the ventilation vents. It is important to know that their cross-section depends entirely on the volume of the steam room. There should be 24 cm2 of ventilation per 1 m3 of volume.

Installation of a ventilation system in a bathhouse

We have already talked a lot about what kind of ventilation there is. The same laws apply for a bathhouse, and ventilation in it can be:

• Natural. With this type of ventilation, circulation air masses is created due to the difference in temperature and pressure between the air flow and the exhaust hood. Good air circulation can only be achieved correct installation ventilation openings: supply at the bottom and exhaust at the top of the room. As is known from school physics courses, hot air rises up, and the cold one goes down, so such a ventilation device in the bathhouse will not be very convenient from the point of view of warming it up.
• Combined. This ventilation method involves the presence of one hole natural ventilation and one vent with a fan installed in it. The inflow will be mechanized or exhaust - it all depends on the scheme you choose.
• Mechanical. Such a ventilation system independently controls the flow of air masses and their exhaust, temperature and humidity, using automation. From the point of view of comfort, it comes first, but prices - such a system is practically not used in baths due to the complexity of installation, and the high cost of equipment, design and maintenance.

Examples of ready-made ventilation schemes

There are several working ventilation schemes in the bathhouse, which ensure good air circulation, despite the fact that the steam room does not get cold.

1. The supply opening should be located at floor level, behind the stove, and the exhaust openings should be located near the ceiling, but on the opposite wall from the supply. Thanks to this arrangement, the incoming, colder air will enter the steam room and be immediately heated by the heater. After which it rises to the ceiling, goes around it and lowers slightly to exit into the exhaust vent.
2. If your stove operates constantly during bath procedures, you can use this option, where the inlet opening is located 30 cm from the floor, on the opposite side of the stove, and the vent and chimney will act as an exhaust hood.
3. If your bathhouse has ventilated floors, then you can make an inflow behind the stove, at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor. Cold air will enter the steam room, be heated by the stove and rise upward. Cooler masses will sink, pass through floor vents and be discharged outside the room.

Here are several options for the location of inlet and outlet using an exhaust fan.

1. The supply opening is located 30 cm from the floor - behind the stove, and the hood is located on the opposite wall, 20 cm from the floor. One caveat: a fan is installed in the hood, which will create air circulation.
2. The inlet and exhaust vents are located on the same wall, but only one is at the top and the other is at the bottom. The supply unit, located 30 cm from the floor, is equipped exhaust fan given power.
3. The inlet is installed behind the stove, at a height of 30 cm from the floor and is equipped with a fan. The exhaust hole is made on the opposite wall 20 cm from the floor. The blown air is heated by the stove and uniformly heats the entire steam room. After which, it cools down and goes down, where it exits through the hood.

Important!
To calculate the fan power, you need to multiply the volume of the steam room by the air circulation rate. Example: Steam room 2 m by 3 m. Its area is 6 m2. Ceiling height 2 m. Total: 6 x 2 = 12 m3. Now we multiply 12 m3 by the recommended air circulation rate of 5 and get 60 m3/hour fan performance for our steam room.

The most common mistakes when arranging ventilation in a bathhouse

One of the most common mistakes made by those who decide to do the ventilation of a bathhouse with their own hands is the location of the supply and exhaust vents at the same level. There will be no benefit from such an arrangement, other than a draft. If you used this arrangement of ventilation holes, then the inflow should be located behind the stove and equipped with a fan, and the outlet should be at the same level, but on the opposite wall.

Another mistake novice builders make is that many try to seal the bathhouse as much as possible from air getting into it, make small windows and forget about arranging floor ventilation. Yes, such a steam room will heat up very quickly, but it will be impossible to take health procedures in it.

In fact, there are many shortcomings, and it is simply impossible to count them all, but by following certain rules, you can build the bathhouse of your dreams with your own hands, without additional costs for correcting mistakes.

In order for bath procedures to bring only benefit and pleasure, two conditions are necessary:

• high level of temperature and humidity in the steam room;
• the presence of sufficient oxygen.

These seemingly mutually exclusive tasks are solved by ventilation in the bathhouse in general and in the steam room in particular. Despite the fact that high humidity and temperature must be maintained in the steam room of a Russian bath, it is impossible to do without access to fresh (cold) air: oxygen is processed by our lungs, partially burned out by the stove, and carbon monoxide (CO) gradually accumulates in the steam room. chemical formula carbon monoxide).

How to properly ventilate a bathhouse. In the figure, red arrows show the movement of hot air, blue arrows show cold air.

If you do not organize the replacement of “waste” air with fresh air, instead of improving your health and increasing your performance (this is what we go to the bathhouse for), you can get, at best, lethargy, weakness and headaches, and at worst, a hospital bed or even a place in the cemetery.

Properly arranged ventilation ensures air circulation, while oxygen is supplied in sufficient quantities, and carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide are released into the atmosphere. After completing the bath procedures, with good ventilation, the vapor is actively removed outside the building, and the rooms that previously had high humidity dry out. If this aspect has not been given enough attention, after a couple of years in the steam room, and then in other rooms, the lining rots, the smell of mustiness and sweat appears and gradually intensifies, and the wood turns into dust. Now, I hope, it is clear whether ventilation is needed in the bathhouse...

Warming up and ventilating the bath. Please note that the exhaust vent is located at a small height from the floor - usually no higher than 50 cm. With this scheme, exhaust steam is released into the atmosphere. Moreover, the floor in the steam room warms up well

Ventilation in a bathhouse is not needed only in one case: if it is all built of wood and has not been insulated anywhere - neither from the inside nor from the outside. In this case, air exchange occurs due to the fact that the wood “breathes”. In this case, they also talk about the presence of natural ventilation in the bathhouse: any wood has pores and cracks through which air flows out/flows and temperature and humidity are regulated. But if the bathhouse is made of rounded logs or has insulation or moisture/steam insulation, then the creation of additional ventilation holes is necessary.

There are three types of ventilation:

1. Mechanical ventilation. In this case, the inflow and outflow of air masses occurs due to artificially created air movement. Air parameters are controlled by technical means.
2. Natural ventilation: circulation occurs due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the room. This method is only possible if there are “breathing” walls or thoughtfully arranged ventilation vents.
3. Combined ventilation: simultaneous use of the natural movement of air masses and technical devices(in the simplest case - fans).

The video below shows the combined ventilation option.

In a specific case, during the construction of the ventilation duct, we used aluminium foil 100 microns thick.

Ventilation device in baths

In the very simple version, the ventilation system of a steam room or bathhouse consists of two (sometimes more) openings in the walls and/or foundation: supply and exhaust. The trick is in choosing the location of these holes and their sizes. Sometimes, to ensure more active air exchange, fans can be installed.

Warming up and ventilating the bath. In the simplest case, the exhaust vent is located near the ceiling

There is no single ventilation scheme for a bathhouse: they are too different, depending on design features, and the materials from which they are made. But there are general rules and several of the most common schemes, following which you can choose the optimal ventilation specifically for your case.

The dimensions of the ventilation holes are calculated based on the volume of the steam room: per one cubic meter ventilated area, the size of the holes should be 24 cm 2.

Despite the fact that the main task in the bathhouse is to maintain high humidity in the steam room and a sufficient temperature level, the ventilation holes should not be made too small: they will not provide the necessary level of air exchange. Exhaust ventilation openings must correspond to the size of the supply ventilation openings: if the proportions are not correct, the air exchange will also be insufficient. In some cases, to speed up the removal of exhaust air and speed up the drying of the bath, you can make two exhaust holes.

To ensure the required air conditions when heating the steam room, special covers/plugs are made on the ventilation ducts, which can be opened/closed from the steam room, thereby regulating the humidity/temperature/air exchange. Generally speaking, the presence of plugs or covers on any ventilation hole facing the street is mandatory: in winter, cold air actively strives into a warm room and the presence of covers or regulators to block it is necessary.

Where can there be supply and exhaust openings?

Most often, it is at least partially located in the steam room. In this case, the supply hole is made near the stove at a distance no higher than 30 cm from the floor. The incoming cold air quickly heats up from the stove and rises. It's quite popular, but not the most The best way organizing ventilation for the bathhouse. Ventilation is much more effective when the supply openings are located in the foundation under the floor (to prevent rodents from entering through them, the openings are equipped with metal gratings). This option solves two problems at once: it delivers fresh air to the bathhouse, and also effectively dries the floors and walls after completing the procedures. The floor boards, in this case, are not laid closely, but with a small gap for free passage of air. If you don’t want to leave gaps in the floor (although this is very good for a bathhouse), you can make several ventilation holes in the floor, covered with wooden grates. In this case, the air movement will not be so active; more powerful fans may be needed, but the circuit will remain operational.

When planning supply ventilation holes in the foundation, keep in mind that air into the bathhouse should come from the street, and not from the underground, otherwise it will have a musty smell. To organize air intake from the street, a box made of wood (often homemade), plastic or metal (ready-made) is placed in the hole, and it is also taken out near the stove. Typically, the inlet openings are located in an area that is protected by a metal or asbestos sheet from coals and firebrands.

Ventilation holes in the foundation are provided at the planning stage. If the foundation is already ready, but there are no holes for ventilation, you can ventilate the floor in the steam room differently: lay the floor boards on the joists, but not close to each other, but with a gap of 0.5-1 cm. In the gap between the rough (earth/concrete) floor and the finishing floor, an outlet is installed, which goes into a ventilation pipe that discharges exhaust air to the roof (but not to the attic). This option provides for the presence of only one supply hole, which is usually located below the heater. The exhaust pipe under the floor is installed with opposite side premises (but not opposite, but diagonally).

It is impossible to make an exhaust pipe in a steam room from plastic boxes for ventilation - they cannot withstand high temperatures, but using them in the locker room or washing area is acceptable.

With this ventilation scheme in the steam room, cold air warms up near the stove, rises, then, cooling, falls down, seeps under the floor through cracks in the floor and is discharged through outlet pipe. These two options effectively remove moisture after a bath; they can also be considered floor ventilation schemes in a bath.

Exhaust openings can be located on the wall opposite from the supply opening (if both of these walls face the street) or on the same wall, but in opposite corner. There is a scheme in which they are located at the top on the opposite wall (30 cm from the ceiling), sometimes they are located at the bottom (30 cm from the floor). If the exhaust vent is located below or on the same wall as the supply vent, a fan is needed to create air flow.

To ensure that ventilation in the bathhouse remains effective, you must not:

• make ventilation vents smaller than the calculated ones;
• Place the supply and exhaust openings one opposite the other - this way the incoming air is removed almost immediately without releasing oxygen, a draft is formed, which is contraindicated for a bath.

Steam room ventilation schemes

Let's consider several of the most common ventilation options in a steam room:

These are the most commonly used ventilation schemes for steam rooms in a bath; there are many more variations and combinations of them. Based on these four options for organizing ventilation, you can develop a scheme for your steam room.

Ventilation in the washing compartment of the bathhouse

In a washing room, high humidity is common, and to prevent the lining from rotting or bad smell, it is necessary to provide floor ventilation. It is arranged similarly to floor ventilation in a steam room: an exhaust hole is made between the rough and finished floors, which can be equipped with a fan. Exhaust pipe is displayed on the roof.

With this floor ventilation scheme in the washing compartment, the coldest exhaust air is removed, and the warmer air is lowered in its place. upper layers. In this way, an increase in the comfort of the people staying here is also achieved.

The principle of ventilation in all other rooms of the bathhouse is the same. You need to decide on the optimal ventilation system specifically for your conditions and select/develop the most suitable scheme. Ventilation in the washing compartment differs only in that due to more low temperatures air, you can use plastic ventilation ducts here (which you cannot do in a steam room) and you can install fans that are not heat-resistant, but only those that can withstand high humidity (moisture-proof).

Ventilation of brick and Turkish baths

When planning a ventilation system for brick bath It must be taken into account that its efficiency should be several times higher than that of wood. Indeed, in this case you will have to dry not only interior lining steam room/washing room/locker room, but also walls: brick is a very hygroscopic material. To remove all moisture, it is necessary that the inflow/outflow of air during drying be very active, and the vents have reliable dampers that allow you to regulate the intensity of air movement.

When installing ventilation with 100% humidity, exhaust ventilation It must also be very efficient: in an hour of operation it is necessary to provide six times replacement of air in the room. In addition, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of removing condensate that forms during cooling in large quantities. This problem can be solved in two ways: install an air dryer in the pipe, which discharges condensate into the sewer system, or provide a channel in the ventilation pipe for discharging condensate (it also goes into the sewer).

Conclusion: it is necessary to plan ventilation at the bathhouse design stage, placing inlet vents in the foundation. If necessary, you can make vents in finished walls, but this is quite troublesome and complicated.

High-quality ventilation system - required element steam rooms. The absence or improper organization of ventilation in the bathhouse is dangerous to human health. A properly equipped system will protect people from carbon monoxide and improve the comfort of staying indoors. We will talk further about the features and technology of installing a ventilation system in a bathhouse.

Characteristics of proper ventilation for a steam room

Proper ventilation in the bathhouse performs several functions at once:

• provides the room with oxygen;
• improves the comfort of staying in the steam room;
• removes carbon monoxide;
• allows for economically efficient use of firewood;
• distributes air flow evenly;
• protects the building from the formation of mold or mildew.

The most the best option ventilation in the bathhouse is supply and exhaust. For these purposes, arrange:

• inlet opening - an inflow is organized through them fresh air a fan with a ventilation tube is installed in the steam room, additional air flow is provided by open windows or through the door;
• exhaust hole - removal of heated air from the room, through a firebox, blower or devices that improve draft.

For improvement supply and exhaust system ventilation is used various ways. We invite you to familiarize yourself with one of the most effective ventilation systems:

1. The supply openings are located at the bottom of the room, next to the firebox.

2. Exhaust holes are strictly on the opposite side from above. It is possible to organize two holes at once for better air control.

3. The height of the exhaust opening determines the level of draft. If the ventilation opening is low, further strengthen the system with a ventilation pipe.

4. Using special dampers, the air supply from the room is controlled.

5. The air in the steam room is renewed every 2-3 hours.

In addition, the individual parameters of the ventilation system are determined by the type of room and bathhouse option. For example, in a Russian bathhouse, periodic ventilation will help to renew the air. In addition, the size and installation location of the firebox is taken into account; in relation to this parameter, two types of ventilation are organized.

How to make ventilation in a steam room with a separate firebox

We offer an option for organizing ventilation in a steam room, the firebox of which is located in an adjacent room. This scheme is popular in ordinary Russian baths. A furnace tunnel is used to lead the firebox into the adjacent room. Among the advantages of this arrangement of the furnace, we note:

• no trash in the steam room;
• the door to the room opens only upon entry;
• possibility of installing heat-resistant glass for admiring an open flame.

To install supply openings in a room, two methods are used:

1. Arrangement of the ventilation duct in underground space. Removing it in front of the furnace room, installing ventilation grilles on the channel.

2. Floor ventilation supply.

Install the hood on the opposite wall, diagonally in relation to the supply opening.

The main quality of organizing proper ventilation is that the supply openings must coincide in area with the exhaust openings.

Ventilation diagram in a steam room with an indoor firebox

If the stove-heater is located directly in the steam room, then the organization of ventilation occurs differently. In this case, air flows through the ashpit solve the issue of natural ventilation. This method is appropriate if the fire in the stove is constantly on.

If chimney There is no room in the bathhouse, and the stove operates in short-term mode; a more advanced ventilation system is used. Familiarize yourself with the technology of arranging a ventilation system in a steam room:

1. Build a special brick podium on which the stove is installed. With its help, a ventilation duct is connected to the stove.

2. Lay the ends, build another box of bricks. As a result, the first structure was installed upward furnace channel, and the second - to the steam room door.

3. On the wall adjacent to the regular room, build doors where the masonry passes through. They warm up next room, if necessary.

4. A stove is installed on the podium; it is possible to mount it on a corner or on steel paintings. Finish the oven with brick, install a brick screen with two convection valves.

5. The exhaust ventilation system operates due to the furnace firebox.

Correct installation of the ventilation system is based on its correct adjustment. General rules management ventilation system:

• at the beginning of the furnace fire, all openings, both supply and exhaust, are closed;
• wait until the temperature increases, then adjust the ventilation holes with the valves;
• if it is necessary to increase the volume of oxygen in the room, open the inlet;
• Upon completion of work, open the doors for better ventilation of the steam room.

Steam room ventilation photo:

To determine the temperature and humidity in the room, use special instruments. An alcohol thermometer or electric type. Please note that the use of the mercury version is strictly prohibited. Use a hygrometer to determine the humidity level.

The operating principle of the ventilation system is based on the following factors:

• by heating the oven, the air gradually heats up and exits through the convection door;
• the bottom door remains open until the oven is completely warmed up;
• close the door from below and work with the top hatch;
• during the vaping process, only the blower installed on the box opens;
• After using the steam room for its intended purpose, ventilate the room well.

Do-it-yourself ventilation device in the steam room

The main functions of the ventilation system in the bathhouse:

• air supply during bath procedures;
• high-quality room drying.

The ventilation system in the bathhouse should not:

• violate the temperature of the room while taking bath procedures;
• separate temperature flows, that is, cool air is closer to the floor, and warm air is on top;
• remove unexhausted air from the steam room.

In addition, the lack of ventilation leads to the appearance of unpleasant air in the room, the formation of mold and mildew, which are harmful to human health.

Let us highlight three main types of ventilation in the steam room:

• a natural option is to supply air flows through a pressure difference;
• mechanical option - air supply using special mechanisms, when measuring these characteristics with instruments;
• a combined option - creating artificial pressure with fans and hoods.

There are two types of air transportation in a room: supply and exhaust. For these purposes, equip a hole located diagonally with respect to the inlet.

It is not recommended to install an exhaust vent in the steam room on the ceiling; this ventilation system increases the time it takes to warm up the room. It is rational to install the hood under the ceiling, additionally equipping it with a damper to regulate the draft.

In addition, provide a ventilated floor in the bathhouse. Thus, the period increases flooring, since it is in constant contact with water. Recommendations for arranging floor ventilation:

1. During the installation of the foundation base, ensure ventilation of the floors and build vents from the basement.

2. Build ventilation holes on opposite walls to ensure air flow. Install grilles on them to prevent rodents from entering.

3. The finished floor should be slightly higher in level than the ash pit is located. Thus, it will function as a hood.

4. Install wooden boards with a small gap, at least half a centimeter.

5. After taking bath procedures, ventilate the room well and dry the floors.

Another way to organize a ventilation system in a bathhouse is “According to Bast”. In this case, fresh air enters the room from the furnace space, and exhaust comes from an opening located near the door. For these purposes, build an exhaust duct made of wood, lined with foil inside.

Build under the floor ventilation duct, next to metal sheet preventing heat from entering it. The size of the structure should not exceed twenty percent. Adjusting the flow of fresh air through such a system is quite simple. It is enough to open the ventilation hole and the blower. In addition, it is possible to avoid the accumulation of unpleasant aroma in the steam room. This method of organizing ventilation is appropriate if the firebox is located directly in the steam room.

DIY methods for organizing ventilation in a steam room

We offer five of the most popular organization schemes supply ventilation in the steam room:

1. Scheme No. 1.

Install the inlet under the stove 50 cm from the floor, and the outlet on the opposite side, thirty centimeters from the ceiling. Forced movement of air masses is provided by a fan. Thus, it is possible to ensure uniform heating of the air. The height of the first hole regulates the draft force of natural ventilation.

2. Scheme No. 2.

Two ventilation holes are located on one wall, always opposite the stove. The inlet is installed at a distance of thirty centimeters from the floor, and the outlet - thirty centimeters from the ceiling. Install a fan in the outlet, the cooled air entering the room collides with the stove, heats up and goes outside.

3. Scheme No. 3.

Place the inlet hole behind the stove, at a distance of about twenty centimeters from the floor. The inlet is installed at the same height, only near the ceiling of the opposite wall. A hood is installed in the second hole. The principle of operation of the system is based on cooled air entering the steam room, passing through the oven and being drawn out by a second hole.

4. Scheme No. 4.

This method is relevant for a steam room with a floor that has holes for water drainage. The inlet is installed behind the stove, and the outlet is a drain pipe through which the air is discharged outside.

5. Scheme No. 5.

Relevant for a bathhouse with a constantly running stove. The inlet hole is arranged opposite the stove, and the vent with chimney act as an outlet

If you need to increase the temperature in the steam room, just close all the plugs. After taking bath procedures, they are removed. It is quite possible to organize these ventilation schemes yourself, without purchasing expensive devices and special material investments.

How to make a vapor barrier for a steam room with your own hands

Vapor barrier in the steam room allows you to maintain optimal temperature premises. Create high-quality vapor barrier will help special materials in the form of vapor-proof films, insulation and waterproofing. The film protects the insulation from the penetration of water vapor, while not allowing moisture in the hot air to pass through.

A well-equipped vapor barrier and ventilation system increases the service life of the room itself and its exterior finishing. Since hot air rises upward, first of all, properly vapor barrier the ceiling.

For these purposes, use racks, boards, about 6 cm thick. They are covered on top with aluminum-based foil, high-density cardboard or wax paper impregnated with drying oil. After fixing one of these materials, the ceiling is finished with clay and insulated.

In addition, it will help to vaporize the ceiling edged board. Cardboard impregnated with drying oil is installed on the boards, which is then lined with wooden clapboard.

Expanded polystyrene boards are a modern replacement for soft clay and have good thermal insulation and performance characteristics.

The following are used as vapor barrier materials for steam room walls:

• roofing felt;
• aluminum foil;
• glassine;
• polyethylene based film.

Glassine and roofing felt are rarely used for thermal insulation of steam rooms. This is explained by the fact that when heated strongly, they release toxic substances and unpleasant aromas. The steam room is vapor-insulated with special foil materials. There are combined methods of steam and heat insulation. For example, NPP polypropylene, among its advantages we note:

• excellent resistance to moisture;
• resistance to increased temperature;
• laminated coating prevents the development of mold and mildew;
• combined thermal vapor barrier.

In addition, it is possible to use rolled vapor barrier in the form of rolled foil or fiberglass boards. For sealing joints between vapor barrier materials, use foil tape.

The plates are installed on the ceiling with a small compensation gap of 20 mm. This reduces the impact of moisture on these areas. Please note that the vapor barrier in the steam room must be securely hidden behind the main finishing material, and a high-quality ventilation system is its complement.

Ventilation in the steam room video:

When asked what a bath should be like, any person will answer the same: hot and “light”. This is an obvious fact for everyone. Therefore, most people approach the insulation process with all responsibility, using all kinds of methods and materials to ensure maximum heat retention inside. It is not surprising that this creates the effect of a thermos.

Providing the second component great sauna They don’t do it, they miss it, and they wonder later why the “steam” didn’t work, and instead of a healing effect, the opposite result was obtained. Unfortunately, even experienced people forget about this important point, How .

But its importance should not be underestimated: during the heating of the furnace, oxygen burns, and instead of it CO2 is released, under the influence of which high chance of getting burned. Our blood becomes oversaturated with carbon monoxide, and there is a possibility of disorientation or loss of consciousness (not to mention more tragic consequences). Therefore, a system is needed that provides oxygen supply and additionally regulates temperature regime inside the steam room.

In addition to the functions of replenishing oxygen, ventilation allows you to dry the structure, stopping negative impact excess moisture and steam, which can lead to the appearance of mold or rot on structures, as well as an unpleasant odor or musty feeling. Lack of exhaust hood can destroy wood in just 2-3 seasons.

A ventilation device is required in any bathhouse, not only brick and block; wooden ones are no less demanding when it comes to drying. An exception may be bathhouses with slots, but here they can no longer be called bathhouses: they will not retain heat.

REFERENCE. Particularly noteworthy is the possibility of using natural ventilation, which does not require the use of expensive materials and equipment (however, you shouldn’t leave gaps on purpose either). We will tell you how to organize this process in this article. We will not ignore the design of a forced supply and exhaust system.

Ventilation in a steam room: why is it necessary?

Above, we have already talked about the dangers of a closed environment from the point of view of exposure to carbon monoxide, and also mentioned the need to create a microclimate for drying the steam room after use. Ventilation in a bathhouse or steam room will definitely increase the comfort of staying there and extend the life of the building.

A distinctive feature of the Russian bath is wet steam. At the same time, the temperature regime also differs, which is lower than that of a sauna. However, saturated with moisture warm air warms up the human body much faster and has a softer and more gentle effect (there is no spasmodic effect on blood vessels, it can be visited by elderly people and children).

The design of the furnace is quite specific: as a rule, the stones are placed inside and can be accessed by opening the door. This ensures that the stones retain heat for a longer period of time and are more difficult to fill, even with inappropriate water consumption.

Ventilation in the steam room of a Russian bath. The most important thing is to maintain balance, because the steam has a “shock” character, escaping from the stove immediately after water is splashed on the heater. If it is not designed correctly, you can lose all the steam.

In Russian steam rooms, vents are most often used, which are installed in the lower part of the walls and ensure the safety of the heat that accumulates near the ceiling.

Ventilation in the steam room: requirements

When designing ventilation in a steam room, the requirements for it are simple. The following rules must be followed:

1. coolness should be near the floor, and heat near the ceiling;
2. even temperature level, without fluctuations;
3. “exhaust” air must be replaced with fresh, oxygen-enriched air.

Ventilation in the steam room: device

It is based on the laws of physics: the influx of fresh air below displaces hot air from above through the corresponding openings, thereby ensuring air exchange. In this case, a vacuum of air occurs (the pressure decreases), and cool air is drawn in. It, in turn, gradually heats up, rushes upward, and further along the cycle. This is how ventilation works in a steam room; its design is quite simple. More .

Natural or forced?

In order to answer the question: natural or forced ventilation for a steam room, you should look at each type.

Natural the microclimate is formed independently in the presence of planned vents (openings) or cracks when the air convection processes described above are started in the building.

The advantages include: low cost of implementation, absence of extraneous noise/vibration from operating devices and use natural features. Possible difficulties: errors in the placement of holes, as a result: lack of draft (the opposite - the appearance of excessive drafts); penetration of foreign (most likely unpleasant) odors from the street.

Forced ventilation system uses equipment and materials that create artificial air movement in the required direction. Regulated by special control units. This is a very expensive solution that requires competent design and further implementation. When placed correctly, it is guaranteed to ensure smooth circulation of air flow.

Meet combined types for a bath: steam room ventilation, combining both of these directions and having the pros and cons of each option.

If you decide to do ventilation yourself, it’s better to stick to natural ventilation – it is more in line with the spirit of the bathhouse than the use of intricate devices. However, we do not dissuade you from using forced supply and exhaust ventilation.

Ventilation in a steam room: diagram

Ventilation in the steam room of a bathhouse - system diagram. It consists of two openings: one of which is supply, and the other is exhaust (several exits can be made). When choosing the size of the exhaust opening, you must follow several rules:

1. the largest should be at the maximum distance from the stove(so that the heat does not go outside in a direct flow);
2. the rest can be placed around the perimeter of the ceiling;
3. The hole size is calculated based on 24 square meters. cm for each cubic meter of room. Most often, the diameter does not exceed 30 cm, but the number is 2 or more.

The traction force is determined by the height difference between the supply and exhaust openings.

IMPORTANT! Do not place the holes exactly opposite each other, this will inevitably cause drafts.

Ventilation in a Russian steam bath: diagram

Ventilation in the Russian steam bath is ensured by a scheme in which there are vents with adjustable plugs, taking into account the above rules. Or by using burst ventilation, which we will discuss later.

Bathhouse: steam room ventilation (if the stove is in the dressing room or rest room)

About the bathhouse, the ventilation of the steam room, in which the stove is located in a room other than the steam room, you will most likely have to think about forced ventilation, which will ensure the flow moves in the desired direction.

As shown in the diagram:

Bathhouse: steam room ventilation (if the stove is in a steam room or the steam room is connected to a washing room)

It is provided by heating cold air coming from outside from the furnace and repelling it from the heat source, and returning it back after hitting the walls. Air movement can be stimulated by the use of additional fans.

For bathhouses and steam room ventilation, organizing the drying of the bathhouse is especially important, since the water in the washing room can have a truly destructive effect on Decoration Materials and floor. In addition to the main one, enhanced floor ventilation is required: by installing an exhaust opening between the finished and subfloor, the installation can be accompanied by the installation of a fan.

REFERENCE. Make sure that the fan is not exposed to water to avoid the risk of a short circuit.

More than 10 different schemes bath ventilation.

Where to place the supply and exhaust openings

There are several simple rules– where to place the supply and exhaust openings:

1. the supply air (from which freshness comes) should be located below, closer to the floor;
2. exhaust - placed away from the stove, closer to the ceiling.

Wherein It is advisable to locate the inlet opening near the stove so that during the cold season the air warms up a little before entering the steam room.

The height at which the holes are placed is about 30 centimeters: from the floor or ceiling.

It will be effective installation supply valves into the foundation (under the floor). Using a valve system or installing an additional protective grille on the opening will protect you from possible penetration of rodents. In this case, it is better to lay the floor with small gaps for more free access of oxygen. If you want a smooth and even floor, then you can get by with special ventilation windows, which can be covered with decorative wooden grilles.

IMPORTANT! When placing the valve on the foundation, it is necessary to ensure that fresh air is taken from the street, and not from the underground, otherwise unpleasant odors will come along with the air.

Common layouts include:

• for baths with a constantly running oven: the inlet opposite the stove is 30 centimeters from the floor, and the firebox vent will act as an exhaust hood;
• for baths With pouring floors : the inlet hole is 30 cm from the floor behind the firebox, and the “working off” leaves after cooling through the cracks in the floor;
• location of both holes on the same wall: opposite the stove, but one is near the floor and the other is near the ceiling. A fan is installed at the outlet. Justified where the wall with holes faces the street.
• hole location at the same height, but on opposite walls(do not put it in one line!), the fan is installed in the same way. It is considered not very effective, since the heat will almost immediately escape outside, and the room will dry out faster due to the open door.

Ventilation of walls in a steam frame bath

Frame wall pie. More about insulation frame walls look .

This is done by leaving a ventilated gap between the finishing materials and the vapor barrier, which can reach 5 cm. Ventilation of walls in a steam room frame bath provided with a counter-lattice. The corrugations of the ventilation system should be designed in advance in order to place the insulation, taking into account the space for the pipes.

What should not be used when ventilating in a steam room?

Avoid using plastic elements:

1. corrugation;
2. boxes;
3. stubs

This is something that cannot be used when ventilating in a steam room - they cannot withstand high temperatures and will melt, releasing harmful substances and acquiring an unaesthetic appearance.

But their use in the wash room or dressing room is not prohibited.

Only wood can be used as plugs for vents or hatches: metal can burn from heat or rust when exposed to moisture.

Economical solution: burst ventilation in a Russian steam bath

If you are not sure that you can correctly calculate the size of the entrances (exits) or their location, you can use a long-tested method - an economical solution: burst ventilation in a Russian steam bath.

The essence of its application is to quickly ventilate by opening wide windows and doors. They are opened for a short time (no more than 1-2 minutes), for maximum effect It is best to use opposite windows and doors.

This method does not require any financial costs: you use the elements that are in any bathhouse.

IMPORTANT! Do not overdo it with ventilation, you can make the bath too cold. This method is especially good for Russian baths, which are heated in black.

Is it necessary to hire specialists for calculations and design?

If you need a proper, “light” and trouble-free bath, ventilation in the steam room plays a role important role: from the durability of the bath to your own safety.

If the bathhouse is combined with the house, has a rest room or dressing room into which the stove is installed, or there are other reasons for using forced exhaust, then the answer to the question “is it necessary to hire specialists for calculations and design” will be clear: it is necessary.

Otherwise, you can make a mistake in a minor detail, and the purchased calculation equipment will not be suitable for this reason. And this in turn will cause additional expenses.

In addition, in order not to disturb the structure of the building, It is better to design the ventilation of the steam room in advance, before the sauna is built, this is especially true for situations where the air flow inlet must be located on the foundation. Installing a ventilation system in an already constructed building is a troublesome and time-consuming process. Almost all will need to be disassembled finishing materials, freeing up space for corrugations, etc.

When building a brick bath without preliminary preparation and not at all, because not only wooden finishing materials are required, but also wall material - brick, which (some types, for example, silicate) is prone to absorbing large amounts of water.

Conclusion

Ventilation and renewal of the internal climate are necessary in any case - this is the final conclusion; this is necessary, among other things, to ensure comfort when using the bathhouse. The choice of natural or forced is yours. We hope that, taking into account our material, you will be able to find the most suitable solution for yourself.

For completeness, check out: and.

Baths have always been famous for their healing properties. But to obtain a healing effect, it is necessary not only to listen to the advice of doctors, but also to organize own bathhouse the right system ventilation.

Those who have been to classic village bathhouses made of wood are unlikely to remember the presence of paired exhaust vents in such pairs. In fact, they are not there. After all, a small amount of fresh air entering the bathhouse from cracks in the floor, window or doorway, can meet the needs of 2-3 people.

But a bathhouse designed for a large capacity, and especially a brick one, must be equipped with a ventilation system to fulfill the following important points:

• supply of fresh air, which prevents accumulation carbon dioxide in the steam room and preserves the health of people in the bath;
• air circulation, which allows you to dry the room after bath procedures. This prevents the appearance of unpleasant odors in the bathhouse, the growth of mold fungi and helps to increase the service life of the building without the need to replace wood elements;
• uniform distribution of heated air in steamy room baths

Moreover, if the hood is designed correctly, it should not lead to the following unpleasant consequences:

• to a drop in temperature in the steam room during bath procedures;
• violation of the correct stratification of air by temperature - the coolest layer should be at the bottom;
• removal from the steam room clean air, and not saturated with carbon dioxide.

In a steam room with good ventilation it is easy to breathe and relaxing is pleasant

How does bath ventilation work?

It is correct to provide a bathhouse ventilation system at the construction stage, because it is at this moment that you can make the hood correctly and independently with the least amount of labor and material costs. In addition, the process of making holes in finished design may lead to a decrease in the strength of the walls.

Air exchange in the bath is ensured by two holes.

1. The supply hole is located at the bottom and provides fresh air into the bathhouse.
2. The exhaust vent is located at the top on the wall opposite the supply vent. Thanks to the hood, exhaust air is removed from the steam room. However, if the hole is located very close to the ceiling, then hot air is quickly removed from the room, which leads to a decrease in the temperature of the steam room.

This design allows you to adjust the direction of the air flow. At the moment when the bathhouse is heated, all three holes are closed. When people steam, the inlet and bottom exhaust vents are open. After bath procedures, all ventilation is open, which allows the bath to dry well.

Ventilation in the bathhouse can be mechanical. In it, the air in the steam room circulates thanks to the injection equipment. In a more complex and expensive version, the air supply process is monitored by special devices that, if necessary, start the ventilation system. The use of a mechanical hood allows you to place holes on any of the walls, as well as correct errors in organizing natural ventilation.

In any case, to ensure air exchange in the bathhouse, there are several exhaust systems that differ from each other in the location of the holes.

Video - Ventilation in a bathhouse with a stove - air conditioning

Methods for installing ventilation in a bathhouse

We will describe some of the most popular and simple ways arrangement of ventilation in the steam room. They can be either using fans or carried out completely naturally.

Method 1

This is the one described above natural ventilation scheme with one supply and two outlets. The entrance hole in such a system is made in the wall immediately behind the stove at a distance of 0.3 m from the floor surface.

To connect the outlet holes to each other, a box is used, which is made from wooden boards, they lay in it corrugated pipe about one meter long. The holes themselves are equipped with plugs that allow you to regulate air flows, as described above. In addition to plugs, you will also need grilles to prevent insects and rodents from entering the bathhouse through the ventilation.

This system is suitable for small baths.

Method 2

This is another simple and most common scheme for ventilating the bath space. In it, the inlet opening is located behind the stove just above the floor (about 0.3 m). The hood is located at the same height, but on the opposite wall and is equipped with a fan that forcibly extracts exhaust air.

Method 3

Method 3 is somewhat similar to the previous one. Only the air inlet is arranged at a height of half a meter from the heater, and the outlet is slightly above the floor (about 0.2 m). The hood is equipped with a fan.

Method 4

Method 4 is used for baths in which the steam room has only one wall facing the street. In this system, the air inlet and outlet openings are located on one wall opposite the stove. The air enters the lower hole, located at a height of 30 cm from the floor, and exits into the upper one, which is located 30 cm below the ceiling and is equipped with a fan.

Clean air enters the room, encounters the furnace, heats up, rises and is directed out through the outlet.

Method 5

Method 5 is suitable for baths in which there are small gaps of half a centimeter between the floor boards. The inlet opening is located behind the stove. Cooled and exhaust air descends to the floor and exits through cracks in the underground, where there is an exhaust hole in the basement wall connected to a ventilation pipe that exhausts air flows above the roof.

Method 6

If the stove in your steam room is heated for the entire period of operation of the bath, then the vent can itself perform the function of ventilation, or rather, an exhaust hood. In this case, you only need a hole for air flow, which is located near the floor opposite the stove. The blower should be slightly lower than the finished floor.

Step-by-step instructions for installing ventilation

When arranging a bathhouse with ventilation, it is important to observe the following conditions:

• if the bathhouse is adjacent to a residential building, then the air flow should go in the direction from the housing to the steam room;
• the exhaust hole is connected to a box or pipe, which must be installed above the roof of the bathhouse;
• The hood should not be placed above the shelves to prevent drafts from affecting steamed people.

In general, the ventilation installation process can be described as follows.

Step 1

In selected locations, inlet and outlet openings are provided at the construction stage or prepared after construction, the cross-section of which should be 10-20 cm.

Step 2

Equipped with boxes made of metal, plastic or wood with prepared openings.

Step 3

If necessary, install an exhaust fan.

Note! For baths it is necessary to use ventilation equipment made of heat-resistant material and with a protection class of at least IP-44.

Step 4

Mounted on the grille holes and plugs.

Step 5

The outlet is connected to a pipe that is led above the roof.

Note! In addition to ventilation of the room, it is necessary to ensure air circulation under the floor. To do this, at the construction stage, holes are made in the base on opposite sides, which are covered with bars to protect against rodents.

In these simple ways you can arrange bath ventilation, ensuring a long service life of the steam room and a comfortable stay in it.

Video - Ventilation diagram in the bathhouse