The house has a low base on one side. The height of the plinth from the ground according to the standards. How to preserve a brick base if construction of a house is temporarily stopped
Find projects online one-story houses with a basement floor it is extremely difficult; most often, they have to be ordered. The ground floor, or simply put, the basement, is a special room that no high-rise building can do without.
Another thing is a cottage or a private house, designed to accommodate one family. Of course, extra square meters will not hurt anyone, especially since in the basement our man, out of habit, stores everything that Mother Nature gave him on his six hundred square meters. Potatoes, all kinds of pickles and preserves, and basically everything are dumped there.
Everything that doesn’t fit in the house is thrown there. Perhaps someday old holey galoshes will come in handy, from which you can make so many useful things, it is not yet clear what and how much, but it is clear that there is a lot. It is clear that not a single developer in his right mind and with a strong memory will waste time and money on cottage with the ground floor, hoping to use it in this way.
Usually, when setting the goal of building a house with a ground floor, a person thinks that on this very floor he will keep his car or, for example, create a workshop that he has always dreamed of and never got around to.
In general, in order to take on the task of creating a base, you need to have a clear idea of why it is needed. Not every potential homeowner is capable of just taking the plunge and making a basement under the house. To decide on this you need, at a minimum, to have free money.
Just dig a pit
There are three types of basements: recessed, projecting and at foundation level. For construction ground floor buried type, the ground on which it will be built must be dry. Work begins with digging a pit, the area of which must be determined in advance.
The depth of the pit should in no case be lower than or at the level groundwater. In general, the depth of the recessed plinth should be approximately one meter above their level.
And it is different in each area, and is determined by the water level in the wells in the hot summer. At the same time of year, you need to start building the basement floor in a private house.
Arrangement of the drainage system
The most important element of a house in which this structure is present is the drainage system. The fate of not only the basement, but the entire house depends on how it functions. Since the floor is the basement and is located below ground level, water will be present there by definition.
Drainage system it's quite simple to do. After the pit is dug, it is completely cleared of debris, its bottom is leveled and compacted. Somewhere in the corner of the pit a hole is being dug. It is inserted into metal barrel, the edges of which should be flush with the floor of the future basement.
In order to ensure that the bottom of the pit is as level as possible, it is covered with a layer fine sand, its thickness should be at least 15 centimeters and no more than 20. After which the sand is leveled again and waterproofing material is laid on its surface.
Placed on waterproofing reinforcement mesh and filled with concrete. At the same time, there should be no gaps between the edges of the drainage barrel and the floor, so that water does not subsequently flow into them. A drainage pump is installed in the barrel. The drainage system can be considered ready.
Installation of plinth walls
Now, when water somehow gets into the basement, it will drain into the drainage tank and be pumped out with a pump. To prevent the walls of the pit from crumbling, they are reinforced with formwork.
Then the walls of the basement are erected. Typically, they are made from bricks or building blocks. A sand-cement mixture is used as a binding solution.
After the basement walls are laid out, all that remains is to make the top floor. One or more concrete slabs are used as such a floor. Their use for this purpose is preferable because they are highly durable.
Ventilation
In order for the cellar to be suitable for storing food, it must have reliable ventilation, otherwise the basement floor will become a habitat for mold, and storing food in it is out of the question. To prevent this from happening, ventilation in a deep basement should be arranged as follows.
On both sides of the cellar, opposite each other, two vertical pipes(supply and exhaust), they can be either metal or plastic. The purpose of the supply pipe is to draw air from outside into the basement, while exhaust pipe designed to extract air from the basement room.
The lower end of the supply pipe is located at a height of approximately twenty centimeters from the floor, while the exhaust pipe, the lower end of which is located at a distance of thirty centimeters from the ceiling, is located at opposite side, draws air out of the room. A system consisting of these two pipes ensures constant air circulation in the base.
Generally speaking, if the main purpose of your basement is to be a large refrigerator, then your basement can be considered almost complete. All that remains is to make shelves so that all your jars of cucumbers and tomatoes, as well as buckets of sauerkraut fit without problems.
Garage in the basement
Many house designs with a basement are created with the purpose of placing a garage there. They are considered much more complex structures than a basement adapted for storage. First of all, it must be located at a depth of at least two meters, width at least four, and length at least six meters.
Of course, all these dimensions are taken with a large margin, but if you consider that in the garage, besides the car, a lot of other things are stored, then this margin will not be so large.
Unlike a basement for food storage, a garage must be a heated room. Moreover, the temperature in it should not differ much from the temperature inside the house, since if such a large room as a garage is not heated properly, then, being located directly under the living rooms, it will inevitably cool down the housing. In this case, heating costs will inevitably increase.
If to illuminate a food warehouse you only need one light bulb without a shade or lampshade, then the garage will need full lighting.
If in order to get into the basement, with the food stored in it it will be enough to use ladder, then you will need a strong ramp to exit the garage.
Other premises
Even more serious costs will be required to adapt the basement floor into a full-fledged living space or, for example, to equip it with a bowling alley or gym.
Looking at the photo of a house with a ground floor, it is easy to notice that the illumination of the premises is quite intense, at least to the extent that it fully complies with sanitary standards.
The air temperature in it should not be lower than the temperature in the house. Since the base is located practically in the ground, maintaining a comfortable microclimate in it will cost a pretty penny. In general, the ground floor can be used for the needs of the family, both as utility room, and as the main one.
In a private house it is basement, which acts as the first floor. Others consider it a standard ground floor, which is located below ground level. In any case, its creation remains unchanged and requires compliance with certain rules.
Flaws
It is worth noting that the construction is characterized by higher costs compared to conventional ones, and in some cases more economical option there will be an expansion of the construction area.
The approximate cost becomes clear after carrying out geological and engineering surveys, establishing soil type, level groundwater. Sometimes it turns out later that the construction of such a building in this place is impossible.
Basement floors in private houses require the creation of drainage, high-quality waterproofing and insulation, so it will not be possible to get by with simply forming an extension of the foundation. Failure to comply with waterproofing rules or the use of low-quality materials increases the likelihood of flooding.
To carry out such work, builders must be highly qualified, since negligence in this case is more likely to have undesirable consequences.
Lighting and ventilation
Since the installation of full-fledged windows in the basement is most often impossible, the premises will have an insufficient location living rooms preferably on the ground floor. The most popular arrangement options are entertainment and sports facilities: home cinemas, billiard rooms, swimming pools, saunas, gyms.
It is worth remembering that operation also involves big investments allowing you to maintain the space in the required condition. Forced ventilation basement floor of a private house is especially relevant in the gym and rooms with high level humidity, and creation will be required for saunas and showers. The pool located below ground level is also difficult to arrange.
When you can't do without a plinth
It is most often necessary when there is insufficient floor space above ground and it is impossible to accommodate all the planned premises.
In some cases, the size of the construction site contributes to the creation of a plinth. It may be small or have a narrow shape, while the owner has the means to construct big building, and spaces upper floors is no longer enough.
The arrangement is also common when there is a site characterized by the presence of a slope with a noticeable difference in height. In this case, the relief becomes the accent of everything landscape design and allows you to build a very original building.
The ground floor in a private house, the photo of which is presented above, gives respectability to the entire building and can accommodate various rooms, basement or utility areas. It is also worth noting that such a building is more high properties thermal insulation. With proper arrangement, you can reduce costs and speed up their payback. Thanks to it, you don’t have to worry about the loads that fall on the foundation, and the house itself becomes more reliable. in accordance with established rules, must be within 2.5 meters.
Varieties
There are three main types:
- recessed ground floor in a private house;
- speaker;
- located flush with the base.
The first option has become most widespread. This is facilitated by less exposure to moisture compared to other types. Also in this case, humidity does not have such a detrimental effect on other parts of the building, since the water quickly drains from the base.
The protruding type is optimal for houses with thin wall structures. This way you can arrange rooms that will be located almost underground. Sometimes it acts as a place to store seasonal and rarely used items.
Arranging the basement floor of a private house on the same level as the foundation is not always rational, since it will have insufficient protection from moisture and at the same time act as the beginning of the wall. Requires the use of additional waterproofing materials, which entails unnecessary costs. It is also worth noting the impossibility of improvement appearance building.
Materials
Due to the fact that the base is a continuation of the foundation, it is built from a material similar to that used to create the base. Sometimes it is possible to choose the materials from which they are composed wall structures. The most commonly used are ready-made blocks, bricks and monolithic concrete. Regardless of the choice made, proper calculation is required. Particular attention should be paid to determining the thickness of the walls.
Screed and concrete plates act as a floor. The base can be formed from ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. Often used for cladding work wood material. If the basement floor in a private house rises significantly above the ground, it is possible to create full-fledged windows and doors in its upper part, and it is desirable that they face the south, west or east. Arranging openings on the north side is undesirable, as this can lead to deformation of the frames due to the accumulation of large amounts of snow.
Ladder
It is advisable to start with the stairs to the ground floor in a private house, since it is an integral and important element premises. Three types have become most widespread staircase structures, providing a comfortable descent. Arrangement of the classic marching version is possible if there is sufficient space. If the design of the floor and its dimensions do not allow creating such a comfortable descent, a bolt or screw type is suitable.
Waterproofing
Separately, waterproofing work should be noted. The underground structure must be coated on both sides with materials that protect against moisture. This will increase their reliability. Waterproofing elements located above the ground does not require mandatory internal waterproofing.
The ground floor in a private house, which is based on a solid concrete slab, has undoubted advantages:
- it is possible to arrange premises for any purpose;
- the structure is characterized by sufficient protection from negative external influence, for example, humidity;
- requires relatively little time for construction;
- outstanding structural strength.
High-quality waterproofing is the main point during construction. If this rule is not followed, the floor slab will have poor adhesion to the wall elements of the base. As stated earlier, the height of the base should be within 2.5 meters. For its construction, a pit with the required depth is dug.
Design work
First of all, when arranging it is necessary to install required thickness walls Here you need to build on the type of soil on the site and the location of the building. If the soil is sufficiently reliable, it is possible to create walls with a thickness similar to those of walls in other parts of the house. Otherwise, it is recommended to increase the thickness by 20-30 cm. When using wood to construct a building, the basement floor in a private house can be made from concrete blocks with your own hands.
An important step is drawing up a project, which must take into account the location of groundwater. This is due to the fact that the depth of the pit should not reach the water level. The soil is first surveyed to determine the possible depth.
Often in private houses a basement is created. It is first or ground floor. Although, in fact, this is a basement. Work on it must be carried out in strict compliance with certain criteria. The law has specific criteria (from 2.5 to 3 meters). They touch the height of this space.
There are also taxes on the area built for living. This question interests everyone who is planning their home.
The disadvantages of a basement are the enormous costs, from digging holes to electrical wiring. The estimated cost is calculated after a geological and engineering study: the type of soil and groundwater level are determined. There are situations when these factors categorically do not allow creating a basement floor - its construction and maintenance will be unreasonably expensive.
Tasks of basement premises
Basement rooms in private buildings need good drainage, powerful and insulating. Simply forming a continuation of the foundation is not enough. By neglecting the rules of waterproofing and using low-quality materials in your work, you seriously increase the risk of drowning.
Important! Work should be carried out only by highly qualified specialists.
Usually windows in plinths are not suitable, it is almost impossible. Exceptions are in the photo below. But even if there are windows, full natural light It doesn't work here. Therefore, such premises are not considered residential. Here, as a rule, they organize: sports facilities, domestic cinemas, saunas, etc. The issue of ventilation in the basement is especially relevant when a gym is being built. Conduct pressure sewer This is necessary if saunas and showers are created.
Usually, a plan to create a basement appears when it is not possible to create all the intended rooms in the house or their area is small for some of the owner’s ideas. Also, the need for a base is determined by when the site has a slope with a significant difference in height. But with proper construction, good savings can be achieved and the pace of work can be increased.
How to arrange this? First of all, chase the number of residential square meters useless. It is better to choose small premises (the result can be up to 3 floors). But there should also be ideas about the purpose of the plinth. What is going to be there? A playroom, a warehouse-cellar, a recreation room or a place for other activities? Let's say building a storage room or shed separately, or attaching it to the house, is much cheaper. The basement or basement will definitely need to be heated, not every year, but still most owners of the basement are forced to take measures against increased dampness.
To correct a local natural disaster at the very bottom of the pit, it is advisable to look at this material:
Types of socles
- Buried. This is the most common type. It has very strong resistance to moisture. Water quickly leaves such a base.
- Speaker. It is usually arranged when the wall structures of the house are quite thin.
- On the same level as the foundation. Not the most rational option, because it has poor resistance to moisture and at the same time it becomes the beginning of the wall. We have to seriously strengthen the water protection, and this is an additional expense. Also, with this option, there is no way to improve the appearance of the building.
Base materials
The base continues the foundation. And the material used for it is similar. It is rare to use the materials that were used to create wall structures.
The most popular options for materials for the base:
- Already created blocks.
- Bricks.
- Monolithic concrete.
Whatever option you prefer, work always starts from calculations. Particular care is required calculate wall thickness. Concrete screeds and slabs usually form the floor. The base can be created from already formed reinforced concrete slabs. Wood materials are used for cladding.
If the base is much higher than the ground level, then there, in the upper part, entire windows and doors are made. They should not go north. Thus, frames can become deformed due to significant accumulations of snow. 
The initial stage of facing is the creation stairs in the basement. The most commonly created options are:
- Classical march. It is arranged only if the area is sufficient for this.
- Screw. It is created when the conditions of the base do not allow the first option to be arranged.
Water protection
For the base you need to do double-sided waterproofing. It is not necessary to isolate components that are concentrated above ground level.
The most powerful protection is provided only if the base is based on a concrete monolith. Again, the work must be carried out very efficiently, otherwise the slab will not adhere well to the walls under the influence of moisture. Do not forget about the standards for the height of the plinth - 250 cm. For this, a foundation pit of the appropriate depth is formed.
Creating projects
As already noted, it is very important to determine the required wall thickness. The type of soil, the location of the building, and the type and behavior of the soil are taken into account. If the soil is reliable, then the thickness of the basement walls can match the other walls of the house. If there are problems with the soil, their thickness increases by 20-30 cm.
If the building is built of wood, then the base can be created from concrete blocks.
The project must also reflect the position of groundwater. Since there is a requirement for the depth of the pit, it should not reach their level. The soil is studied in advance and the depth of these waters is determined.
For your information! A permit, or rather an update of the document, is needed if you initially submitted papers for individual housing construction without a basement, but after some time you changed your mind in favor of the ground floor. And according to the law, if the area changes by 17% or more, documents must be submitted to the HOA for approval.
Pricing issues
They are determined by the following factors:
- Region of your residence (climate, soil, soil, etc.)
- Prices of materials in your region.
- Cost of services of specialists and workers.
- Conceived parameters of the plinth and foundation.
Example 1. Base parameters: 10x10. The foundation is strip. Its depth is 240 cm, width – 30 cm, elevation above the ground: 60 cm.
The following materials are involved here:
- Land sampling – 360 cubic meters. m. = 360 thousand rubles.
- Corrugated reinforcement, cross-section 0.14 cm. 5700 m involved. Cost about 205,150 rubles.
- Concrete. Expenses: RUB 265,900.
- Formwork, 10 cubic meters. Expenses: 62,000 rub.
- Water protection. Bitumen mastic. She demanded 60,000 rubles. This is the inner layer. The outer layer of roofing felt costs about 60,000 rubles.
- Insulation. Expanded polystyrene. One slab is 10 cm thick, 58 cm wide, and 26 cm long. 10 slabs are needed. Costs are about 32,000 -35,000 rubles.
- Materials for the layer (crushed stone and sand) + nails. Expenses: 42,000 rub.
Tools:
- For calculations: tape measure, pencil, level.
- For masonry: trowel, pick.
- Others: shovel, hammer, plumb line.
Their total cost is within 30,000 rubles.
Workers' services here will cost about 130 -140 thousand rubles. This includes their fee and expenses for accommodation and food.
If you carry out the work yourself, then other numbers appear here. Digging the necessary pit and filling it will cost approximately 50,000 rubles.
Example 2. The parameters of the plinth are 8 x 8 m. The walls are made of FBS blocks. The foundation is slab, monolith.
Materials:
- Waterproofing, roofing material.
- Insulation. Penoplex. Thickness – 5 cm.
- Change house. Parameters 2.5x5 m.
The list of tools is almost the same. There will also be costs for carrying out work, renting equipment, and delivering materials.
The total price of all of the above is about 1,000,000 rubles.
Of this amount, approximately 64% is spent on the purchase of materials, 7% on their delivery, 3% on tools, 14% on work, 7% on equipment rental, and 5% on change rooms.
When a basement is built where groundwater is high, costs increase significantly. We will have to build a very strong foundation. Usually in such cases a pile foundation and a plinth on it are created. The costs indicated in the first example may increase by approximately 1.5 - 2 times.
Of course, you can save money on the construction of the basement. The main thing is to do this without compromising quality. It is especially not worth saving on concrete and waterproofing, as well as insulation. It is better to create a base with smaller parameters, but reliable and with a powerful base.
Also, do not skimp on high-class workers. If you yourself are not able to carry out quality work or you don’t have time, then it’s better to entrust this matter to specialists with the characteristics. Today it is quite popular to order a turnkey base. The price range here is very wide. Much depends on the parameters of the planned base, geological factors, prices of materials and services of a particular company. Below are some examples of turnkey plinths, taking into account various parameters and factors.
| № | Type of work | Footage | Price, rub.) | Amount (rub.) | |
| Works: | |||||
| 1 | Extracting axes | 100 m 2 | 40 | 4000 | |
| 2 | Excavation work (soil is not removed) | 252 m 3 | 329 | 82908 | |
| 3 | Creation of a separating layer (geotextile is used) | 210 m 2 | 20 | 4200 | |
| 4 | Creation sand cushion. Its compaction using a vibrating plate | 36 m 3 | 529 | 19044 | |
| 5 | Creating a pillow from crushed stone. Its compaction using a vibrating plate | 18 m 3 | 529 | 9522 | |
| Cumulative: | 119674 rub. | ||||
| Foundation slab: | |||||
| 1 | Laying a waterproof membrane | 112 m2 | 30 | 3360 | |
| 2 | Work with formwork (installation, removal) | 40 m.p. | 300 | 12000 | |
| 3 | 2.12 t. | 15000 | 31800 | ||
| 4 | Vibrating concrete placement | 21 m 3 | 1500 | 31500 | |
| Cumulative: | 78660 rub. | ||||
| Basement walls: | |||||
| 1 | Eliminating axes | 100 m 2 | 40 | 4000 | |
| 2 | Work with formwork | 125 m2. | 300 | 37500 | |
| 3 | Creation and installation of reinforcement network | 2.69 t. | 21000 | 56490 | |
| 4 | 26.25 m 3 | 1500 | 39375 | ||
| Cumulative: | 137365 rub. | ||||
| Base covering: | |||||
| 1 | Work with formwork | 100 m2 | 320 | 32000 | |
| 2 | Creation and installation of reinforcement network | 2.12 t. | 15000 | 31800 | |
| 3 | Laying concrete. Its compaction using a vibrating tool. | 17 m 3 | 1500 | 25500 | |
| Cumulative: | 89300 rub. | ||||
| Cumulative: | RUB 424,999 | ||||
| Materials: | |||||
| 1 | Waterproof strip Megaizol GEO PRO 150 | 231 m2 | 40 | 9240 | |
| 2 | Sand. Sizes: medium and large. | 36 m 3 | 700 | 25200 | |
| 3 | Granite crushed stone (fraction range 20-40) | 18 m 3 | 1350 | 24300 | |
| Cumulative: | 58740 rub. | ||||
| For base plate: | |||||
| 1 | Geomembrane "Planter" | 123.2 m2 | 90 | 11088 | |
| 2 | Board 4 x 15 x 600 cm. 1-3 grades are used. | 1.22 m 3 | 8500 | 10370 | |
| 3 | Supports for reinforcement elements | 400 pcs. | 5 | 2000 | |
| 4 | Fittings, type d12 A500 | 2.05 t. | 33000 | 67693 | |
| 5 | Fittings, type d8 A500 | 0.06 t. | 33000 | 2139 | |
| 6 | Wire. Knitting type. | 19.08 kg | 360 | 6869 | |
| 7 | Concrete B22.5 | 21 m 3 | 3900 | 81900 | |
| Cumulative: | 182059 rub. | ||||
| For walls: | |||||
| 1 | Fittings, type d12 A500 | 2.69 t. | 33000 | 88770 | |
| 2 | Wire. Knitting type. | 24.21 kg | 360 | 8716 | |
| 3 | Vertical reinforcement clamp | 625 pcs. | 4 | 2500 | |
| 5 | Formwork. According to inventory. | 250 m2 | 580 | 145000 | |
| 6 | Concrete class B22.5 | 26.25 m 3 | 3900 | 102375 | |
| Cumulative: | RUB 347,361 | ||||
| For floor slab: | |||||
| 1 | Fittings d12 A500 | 2.05 t. | 33000 | 67693 | |
| 2 | Fittings d8 A500 | 0.06 t. | 33000 | 1980 | |
| 3 | Wire. Knitting type. | 19.08 kg | 360 | 6869 | |
| 4 | Chairs for reinforcement elements. | 500 pcs. | 5 | 2500 | |
| 5 | Formwork. Inventory view. | 100 m.p. | 280 | 28000 | |
| 6 | Concrete B22.5 | 17 m 3 | 3900 | 66300 | |
| Cumulative: | 173342 rub. | ||||
| Delivery: | |||||
| 1 | Formwork. According to inventory. | — | — | 14600 | |
| 2 | Materials | — | — | 15000 | |
| 3 | Tools | — | — | 1800 | |
| Cumulative: | 31400 rub. | ||||
| Total for materials: | RUB 792,902 | ||||
| Equipment: | |||||
| Concrete pump | 3 shifts | 14400 | 0 | ||
| Residential trailer | 13 shifts | 1000 | 0 | ||
| Conducting electricity to the work site | 13 shifts | 1000 | 0 | ||
| Overhead 2%: | RUB 24,359 | ||||
| TOTAL: | 1242260 rub. | ||||
Table. Calculations based on data in central regions
| Material. Parameter type | Meaning. |
| Foundation slab (PF). Square | 100 sq.m |
| PF perimeter | 40 shoulder straps m. |
| PF thickness | 20 cm |
| Sand pillow. | 15 cm |
| Crushed stone pillow. Thickness. | 10 cm. |
| Laying the foundation. Average depth | 150 cm. |
| Basement walls. Length. | 50 shoulder straps m |
| Basement walls. Thickness. | 20 cm. |
| Base height. | 250 cm |
| Total area of openings | 0 sq.m. |
| Floor slab (PP). Square | 100 sq.m. |
| PP perimeter | 40 shoulder straps m |
| PP thickness | 16 cm |
| Distance from the Ring Road: | 10 km. |
| Total price of a turnkey base: | 1242260 rub. |
Should I do it or not? What they say on the forums
The following is most often advised:
- If you have free funds, then you can realize your plans. If there is a lack of money in the process, you can postpone finishing work exactly on the base indefinitely.
- As a rule, a basement is always planned on expensive and small plots in order to increase space.
Identified disadvantages during the construction process:
- The price of building a foundation with a basement or ground floor increases by 35-40%. This is significant money, especially if there is no foreseeable need for space.
- Sometimes they forget about insulation and waterproofing, but the sprinkling has already been done. It is necessary to re-prepare the external trenches, attach polystyrene foam or come up with something new with waterproofing.
A selection of arguments for
One of the most popular videos on the topic. The author is distinguished by both academic and worldly savvy, judging by the level of elaboration of the topic. In addition, the author is obviously a supporter of the construction of a basement floor and quite convincingly proves the practicality of its arrangement.
- Why does a house need a basement?
- Basement of a house with double-layer walls.
- Features of basement waterproofing.
- Elimination of cold bridges in the basement.
The basement is the above-ground part of the foundation. This is a rather complex knot, where the vertical (basement, walls) and horizontal (floors and ceilings) structures of the house converge and adjoin each other.
Correct design, waterproofing and insulation of the base - the necessary conditions for the construction of a durable, economical and heat-saving house.
The figure below clearly shows what will happen if the house has a very low base.
Plinth with a height of at least 20 cm. protects walls from moisture (in the picture on the left) Low base and the absence of a base leads to moisture in the wall of the house (in the picture in the center and on the right)
The height of the base of a private house must be at least 20 cm. With a low base, there is a high risk of moisture in the wall of the house. The walls will be moistened by splashes when raindrops hit the ground, when snowdrifts melt, or from capillary suction of moisture directly from the ground.
Damp walls lose their heat-saving properties. Water freezing in the walls gradually destroys them. Dirt, dampness, fungus and mold appear on the walls outside and inside the house.
In areas with high snow cover, it is better to make the height of the base no lower than the level of stable snow cover. This rule is especially important to follow for houses with wooden walls.
To protect the walls of the house from moisture coming from the ground, two lines of defense are created:
- They increase the height of the base in order to remove the walls of the house as far as possible from the ground, the source of moisture.
- They waterproof the walls of the house and the basement in the dangerous zone of exposure to moisture.
A high base increases the cost of building a house. Therefore, depending on the design of the walls and, they try to find a reasonable compromise between the size of the plinth and the level of waterproofing.
Be sure to arrange it between the base and the wall of the house.horizontal layer of roll waterproofing.
In some cases, which are discussed below, it is necessary to do additional waterproofing of the walls of the house.
For a private home it is recommended to make a recessed base. At the sinking base outside surface the wall protrudes beyond the border of the plinth by about 50 mm. Water falling on the surface of the wall flows down and falls from the wall past the base onto the blind area. This solution prevents water flowing down the wall from reaching the horizontal waterproofing and flow along it into the wall. For better water drainage A drip line is secured along the lower edge of the wall.
It should be noted that in addition to the moisture-proof function, the base plays a certain role in the architectural appearance of the house. A house on a high base looks more solid and impressive, and finishing the base can highlight the beauty of the floors of the house.
Correct basement of a house with single-layer external walls
The height of the basement of a house with single-layer external walls must be at least 50 cm.(in the picture on the left) Or for a plinth height of less than 50 cm, but not lower than 20 cm., additional waterproofing of the walls is necessary. (in the picture on the right) The outer surface of single-layer walls is less protected from moisture than that of multi-layer walls. Therefore, it is recommended that the base of a house with a height of at least 50 cm.
If the base of a single-layer wall is below 50 cm., That arrange additional waterproofing in two places:
- In the wall, above the first or second layer of masonry made of aerated concrete or porous ceramic blocks, another layer of roll waterproofing is laid.
- The outer surface of the wall, in the area of the lower rows of masonry, is protected from water by a layer of vertical waterproofing. To do this, it is enough to use hydrophobic primers and waterproof plasters when finishing the wall. It is better, but more expensive, to line the base and lower part of the walls with a material with low water absorption, for example, clinker tiles.
Plinth design for a single-layer wall houses with basement or at home on foundation - slab Can
Dimensions of the basement of a house with two-layer external walls
The minimum height of the plinth for a two-layer wall insulated with polystyrene foam is 20 cm. For a wall insulated with mineral wool, it is recommended not less than 30 cm.(in the left picture) A low base will lead to moisture exterior finishing and soaking mineral wool insulation (in the picture on the right) Besides, thermal insulation of the base eliminates the cold bridge through the base and load-bearing part of the wall, bypassing the thermal insulation of the floor and wall.
In a single-layer wall, the floor is raised to the level of the second or third row of masonry. The vertical waterproofing of the base is raised to the same level. 2 - waterproofing; 4-5 - plaster on a grid; 8 - finishing; 9 - floor on the ground If on site or weakly heaving, then the task of combating the forces of frost heaving is not worth it. In this case, it is only necessary to get rid of the cold bridge through the base and load-bearing part of the wall.
To eliminate the cold bridge in a house with single-layer walls without insulation of the base, it is necessary to raise the floor to the level of the second or third row of masonry blocks outer wall. This is sufficient, since the material of a single-layer wall has low thermal conductivity.
The load-bearing part of two- or three-layer walls is usually made of material with high thermal conductivity. To eliminate the cold bridge in two- or three-layer walls, you can cover it with insulation only top part base, by approximately 0.5 m. below floor level. This will increase the length of the heat flow path along the base.
If the basement space under the house is not heated, then the basement is covered with thermal insulation on both sides.
In multi-layer walls, to eliminate the cold bridge, cover one outer or both sides of the base with thermal insulation (for houses with an unheated basement or floors on the ground) For multilayer walls, another way to combat the cold bridge is used. The lower rows of masonry of the load-bearing part of the wall are made of wall material with low thermal conductivity. The floor level is raised in the same way as for a single-layer wall.
For insulating the base and underground part of the foundation, extruded polystyrene foam slabs (penoplex, etc.) are best suited.
Convenient to insulate strip foundations. Design of pile foundations with bored (including TISE) or screw piles more suitable for a cold base. Insulation of such foundations is quite problematic and expensive.
The basement space of houses with pile foundations is usually not insulated. design basement floor and the floor of the first floor of the house on pile foundation are chosen taking this circumstance into account.
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When can you make a house façade without a plinth? The plinth may be absent in houses in which the facade is made of weather-resistant materials with high strength, such as clinker brick or a natural stone. In the case of a facade finished with durable materials, the plinth can be reduced so that it is almost invisible. If the house is being plastered, then it is necessary to choose hydrophobic facade plaster - non-absorbent water, with which dirt is easily washed off and does not require cleaning. Such facade plasters are silicone plasters.
The base can be hidden, that is, hidden by the lower fragment facade cladding from clinker facade tiles under brick or boards, which are already hardened at the factory and coated with several layers of weather-resistant varnish.
How to properly insulate the base?
When insulating a building that does not have a base, it is good to make the lower section of the thermal insulation of the walls before contact with the ground (about 30 cm) from a moisture-resistant material, for example polyurethane foam and extruded polystyrene foam, even if expanded polystyrene or mineral wool. If the house is to be finished with plaster, the wall should not extend straight to the base. Leave a very small base and finish it in the usual way, for example with facade clinker tiles.
How to get the effect of a house without a base?
To get the effect of a house without a basement, where the facade is finished with clinker facing bricks, make the lower part of the facade above the ground of the foundation wall from the same material as the cladding of the walls of the first floor. In the façade and plinth, finished with clinker bricks, be sure to leave vertical blanks colored solution seams. These seams will be holes for air ventilation - ventilation slots. Particular care must be taken to ensure adequate drainage of the strip around the house. IN modern houses, stone slabs and facing ceramic brick. They can be laid in such a way that the lowest element ends 2-3 cm above the ground.
Only in the case of wall construction with a ventilated facade can we afford to build façade walls without a plinth, a wall that goes down to the ground covering the plinth. Then the accumulated water near the foundation wall can evaporate freely without destroying the structure of other layers. In the case of slab facades, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules for installing a ventilated facade.
How to make a bandage that curls along the ground along the facade?
Along the walls of the building on the ground, a wall protection bandage should be paving, limiting the penetration of rainwater directly into the walls of the house. The dressing should be selected depending on the type of soil. If the ground absorbs water, we use gravel, expanded clay or crushed stone. If the soil is impermeable, then concrete paving stones or clinker paving stones or concrete tiles.
The dressing should not retain water. It must “breathe” because it facilitates the evaporation of water from the soil. Regardless of what material the bandage is made of, it should have a slope of about 2%, which causes automatic drainage of water. In addition, the water should flow towards the garden and not onto the front of the house. Drainpipes, diverting rainwater from the roof should be installed in the sump gutter, and then in rain drainage. This will maximize the protection of the foundation from moisture. In areas with high groundwater levels, it is worth making drainage around the house.
View samples of materials for the plinth, as well as wall materials ceramic blocks and facing clinker bricks, you can get advice and buy this material in our office at Moscow, Prospekt Mira, 69.
