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How to build a mansard roof with your own hands - drawings. Mansard roof - device and design. Video: professional calculation of a mansard roof using special software

During the operation of a private house, country cottage or country house, the question of increasing living space often arises. It is usually solved through an extension or superstructure.

Adding an extension to a house is a troublesome task. Besides, residential extension has one significant drawback- “steals” usable area plot.

Therefore, a popular way to expand living space individual house is the construction of a second floor or attic, i.e. attic roof. Design mansard roof allows you to use the resulting space as a living space.

What is better: attic or second floor

The following facts speak in favor of the attic: lower construction costs, better insulation living space, less load on the foundation. In general, the attic is the highlight of the house and gives it a certain flavor.

Essentially, a full 2nd floor is more practical and easier to implement than an attic floor. It all depends on the situation; if a house is being designed, then it is better to immediately provide a second floor, because... installing an attic is a more troublesome task. What if the house is residential and has a roof? mansard type, then it would be reasonable to equip a living room in it instead of an attic “for the necessary things.”

Types of attic roof

The optimal tilt angle is 40°. The ramp should be located on the leeward side. Allows you to equip a small attic above the attic. Due to only one acute angle The usable area of ​​the room increases.

Gable mansard roof

A simple gable (pitched or gable) consists of two slopes connected at a certain angle. The advantage of a gable roof is the ease of manufacturing the rafters and finishing. The disadvantage is the appearance of a “blank” area (at the junction of the roof and the wall), which is usually not used. Often, attics with a gable roof are erected along with walls. A roof with a 45° pitch is ideal for houses no more than 6 m wide.

Asymmetrical gable mansard roof. A private house with such a roof it will be distinguished by originality and functionality at the same time.

The difficulty in building a roof with asymmetrical slopes lies in the calculations.

Broken mansard roof. Its difference is that each slope has two components. The device of a sloping roof allows you to get a higher attic space. And also reduce unused area. Such roofs are the most common due to the possibility of attaching a garage or summer kitchen under one roof.

Hip mansard roof

Hip mansard roof. In this design, the roof slopes play the role of walls.

One of the varieties of hip mansard roofing is Danish hip roof. Its construction is distinguished by the presence of pediments, which allow the installation of ordinary, rather than roof windows (dormers).

Semi-hipped mansard roof (gable, hipped). Complex design, low slopes protect the gables of the house from precipitation.

Pitched roofs can be single or multi-level.

Non-standard solutions are also quite possible for an attic roof. Their design requires careful calculation of loads, stability, etc. Without special education Installation is difficult, so the cost of work is higher compared to classical designs.

Some examples of the original mansard roof are in the photo.

The species have been decided, it remains open question How to make a mansard roof with your own hands.

The brief instructions contain the main stages of work and will draw your attention to some of the nuances of their implementation.

Stage 1 - Design and calculation

The choice of the appearance of the attic roof and the calculation of its parameters is made taking into account such factors as:

slope angle;

finishing material;

SNiP 2.01.07-85 “Loads and impacts” will be a reliable assistant in calculations.

Nuance. How larger angle tilt, the lower the height will be attic room(minimum ceiling height of a room on the attic floor is 2.2 m). Accordingly, the smaller the angle of inclination of the attic roof, the larger the area of ​​the room. If the slope is insufficient, precipitation can accumulate on the roof, which will lead to additional loads on it.

More careful attention is paid to calculations if a non-standard mansard roof is being erected. For example, an asymmetrical gable mansard roof has a shifted center of gravity. This affects the uniformity of load transfer to load-bearing walls and foundations.

At this stage, the issue of how to access the attic floor is also resolved. Choosing where to install the stairs to the attic is an important decision. Internal layout allows you to use it at any time of the year. The exterior allows you to save useful space on the lower floor.

Advice. Ceiling folding ladder for attic floor- this is the most economical option, but the least practical.

Mansard roof rafter system

To choose from rafter system influence:

1. attic dimensions;
2. parameters of the overlapped span;
3. roof shape;
4. first floor construction;
5. location of load-bearing walls and additional supports;
6. weight roofing material.

Design of the attic roof truss system

There are two types of roof truss system with attic:

• hanging rafters. The walls of the house serve as the basis for the rafter legs. When constructing hanging trusses, a Mauerlat is not always installed (depending on the wall material);

• layered rafters. In this case, it is necessary to construct additional support. The type used is a ridge girder or an attic wall reinforced with reinforced concrete. The installation of a layered rafter system is allowed at a distance between load-bearing walls of up to 7 meters.

The structural difference between a roof structure with hanging and layered rafters is shown in the diagram.

When building an attic roof, they are often used combined type- there are hanging rafters on top of the system, and layered rafters on the sides.

In this case, drawings must be made indicating the location of individual elements and the distance between them. An example is shown in the figure.

Material prepared for the website www.site

Calculation of rafter legs for an attic roof

Choosing the type of wood and justifying its optimal thickness.

The amount of material required for the rafter system depends on its type and all the factors listed above.

Nuance. The gap between the rafter legs depends on the lumber used.

The pitch of the rafter legs under the attic roof will be 60-90 cm.

The material can be laminated timber (80x80, 100x100 mm), board (section 50x150 for slate and metal tiles, section 50-200 for ondulin).

Nuance. The length of the spans increases the diameter (section) of the rafters or reduces the gap between them.

As for the species, it is recommended to use pine. Its wood is characterized by high strength, flexibility, ease of processing, and the absence of knots. Industrial wood must be at least grade 2. Solid beams can be replaced with glued beams; it has higher quality characteristics.

The thickness of the board for making rafters (section of the rafter leg) must be at least 50 mm. The width of the board for the rafter leg is from 150 mm (if the length of the rafters is up to 6 meters, if more, then 180-200 mm). On the one hand, this requirement is due to the fact that the load bears on it, on the other hand, insulation is placed between the rafter legs.

Advice - any construction or reconstruction must be legalized by the relevant authorities.

Stage 2 - Installation of the Mauerlat

Mauerlat is an additional wooden frame along the upper perimeter of the building.

The purpose of the Mauerlat is to create conditions for reliable fastening of the lower part of the rafters. As well as the redistribution of the load that is created from the pressure of the roof on the load-bearing walls and foundation of the building.

Installation of a simple gable mansard roof requires the installation of a Mauerlat only on those walls that will be supported rafter legs. Hip roof requires its installation along the entire perimeter of the building.

Advice. IN wooden log house The role of the Mauerlat is played by the upper crown. This can be done, but only if the rafter legs are installed on sliding fasteners. Because due to the load on the rafter system (wind, snow) is created horizontal pressure and the top logs may move outward. In addition, if the material for the rafter system is not dried properly, then over time, if it is rigidly fastened, the roof will become deformed.

Nuance. A stone cottage and house requires the installation of a mauerlat along the entire perimeter of the external walls. In brick, you can install its links only under the rafters.

The parameters of the Mauerlat for logs are diameter 150 mm, for timber - 100x100 mm.

The species is pine, but larch is better.

The fastening of the Mauerlat must be reliable, because this is the basis for the entire rafter system.

There are several ways to fasten the Mauerlat: with anchor bolts, studs or reinforcement (fixed to the base of the load-bearing wall);

Advice. If the building is built from foam concrete or other porous material You can only use long bolts or reinforcement, the length of which is 3 times the width of the mauerlat beam. This is due to the fact that any other fasteners are pulled out very easily from a porous material.

• annealed wire (embedded in brickwork);

• wooden dowel (used when installing a mauerlat in a log house).

Nuance. To prevent the destruction of the Mauerlat, it is necessary to ensure proper waterproofing, for example, put roofing felt, and treat the timber itself with antiseptic solutions.

If the width of the attic matches the width of the house, the rafter legs rest on the base of the load-bearing wall. But, it’s better to install a Mauerlat.

Stage 3 - Construction of the attic roof

Construction of the attic roof frame

Floor beams. Installed on the Mauerlat. In the future, they will serve as the basis for installing the floor in the attic.

Arrangement of the rafter system for the attic roof

For a simple roof, making rafter legs involves forming simple triangles. They can be assembled on the ground and installed in the form of ready-made triangles.

For a gable sloping roof, first attach a U-shaped frame, and then fix it on it rafter part hanging (for the top) and inclined (for the sides) method. The diagrams below show this more clearly.

The lower ends of the rafter leg must be sawed down and attached to the mauerlat using nails or metal brackets (movable fastening).

Nuance. The filing of the leg must be very precise to ensure a tight fit to the Mauerlat.

The rafter legs are installed at the same distance from each other. Otherwise, the load on the system will be distributed unevenly.

Installation begins with the outer legs. Then you need to stretch the rope between them. This way the horizontal position will be maintained when installing the intermediate legs.

After all the rafters are installed, they are connected to each other. The sheathing pitch depends on the selected roofing material.

Advice. Places intended for installation of roof windows are reinforced cross beam. This way the window will be securely fixed.

If the attic roof is significantly wide, you need to install a ridge beam. It will serve as additional support. And part of the load (from the weight of the roof and snow) will be redistributed onto it.

With a significant length, the ridge beam is supplemented with support.

Waterproofing attic roof

A hydrobarrier film is attached to the sheathing. The peculiarity of its fastening is to make an overlap of 100 mm. Most manufacturers mark the overlap location with a bright stripe.

The waterproofing film is fastened with a construction stapler. And in case of rain, it will reliably protect the structure even in the absence of roofing material.

Insulation of the attic roof

The insulation is laid under the waterproofing. Professionals recommend using flexible insulation for these purposes - mineral and basalt wool. Their advantage is flexibility, the ability to fill any voids.

Laying a vapor barrier

The vapor barrier film protects the roof insulation from steam penetrating into it from the attic living space.

Advice. It is important to provide the necessary gaps between the roofing material and the insulation. Their presence and parameters are determined by the type of insulation, the class of films used and the roofing material.

Construction of an attic roof - video

Stage 4 - Installation of roof windows

The window area, for sufficient daylight, must be at least 12.5%.

Due to the design features of the mansard type roof, special ones are used for glazing. skylights. The installation technology involves installing windows before completing finishing works. In this case, the windows must open to provide access fresh air. In bad weather, they should naturally be closed.

Stage 5 - Roofing the attic roof

A modern attic is a room with sloping or partially sloping walls, and sometimes even a ceiling. Thanks to the presence of an attic, heat loss in the house is significantly reduced, and any living space cannot be superfluous. Thus, the attic usually serves as a wonderful guest room, library, workshop, study and spacious dressing room.

Moreover, the design of a gable mansard roof can be either classic, with straight slopes, or its a separate species– broken, more convenient and modern. And each option has its own advantages!

You will be surprised, but the concept of a gable roof can hide amazing discoveries in the form of an offset center, different angles and other architectural tricks. The potential is enormous, while, for example, single-pitched and hip roofs They are least suitable for furnishing an attic.

Generally speaking, there are only two main types of gable mansard roofs:

Option #1 – attic under a classic gable roof

Here is the simplest example of a mansard roof design. Thus, along the load-bearing walls the lower part of the slope is fixed, presented in the form right triangles. They are assembled like layered rafters and additionally tied with contractions. Moreover, one of the sides is the future frame for the walls attic room and at the same time, support post. And the upper part of the roof is connected by hanging rafters using a tie.

In general, a conventional gable attic roof with gables is also suitable for constructing an attic space. Then what is the structural difference between a regular gable roof and a sloping gable roof, which is also called a mansard roof? The fact is that when calculating and designing a rafter system, it is customary to first take into account the following parameters:

1. Weight of roofing material.
2. Weight of the rafter system.
3. Climatic features of the area.

But when designing an attic roof there are five of these points:

1. Weight of roofing material.
2. Weight of the rafter system.
3. Weight of materials included in the roofing pie: heat, hydro and vapor barrier.
4. The weight of all elements of the attic interior decoration.

“Correct” roof windows

Dormer windows, in turn, add a little complexity - you can’t do without them. In the case of a broken line mansard roof everything is simpler, the windows are made straight and do not particularly interfere with construction. But for a classic gable roof they will have to be built inclined, which causes a lot of trouble.

Dormer windows are good because the light from them spreads evenly throughout the room and there are no blind side compartments. Depending on the shape of the roof itself, these can be straight, inclined, or in combination.

How to convert a regular roof into a mansard one?

Often an existing gable roof is converted into a mansard roof. This is because even at the construction stage they decided to save money and finish the cherished under-roof dwelling over time. Moreover, many people actually do this and everything works out.

Let’s put it this way: it’s still better to design an attic roof at the foundation design stage; it’s both technologically sound and more reliable, even if you won’t be insulating or finishing it this season. But since we decided to remake an already finished gable, this is possible. For example, there is no other option if you purchased a ready-made house.

So, when remodeling, first of all, calculate the weight of the future attic roof and the load-bearing capacity of the existing foundation. Speaking in simple language, you need to make sure that the foundation was built with reserve and is ready to support a little more weight than it currently has.

The second step is to invite a specialist to look at attic floor. Is it designed for furniture to stand on and people to walk on? And the fact that you step into the attic without fear does not mean anything. Most types of roofing are also designed for the human foot to step on from time to time - repairs need to be done, but not constantly. Everything is calculated and you can start construction work? Then let's move on.

The most important task before you now is to decide whether you will change the shape of the roof. Yes, sometimes you have to raise the slopes and make a broken roof from a classic gable roof. This process is labor-intensive, but everything is feasible. Strengthen the standard pitched roof using triangular trusses, which are convenient to attach both to the roof and as separate elements.

And, the most crucial moment of reconstruction is the redistribution of the load. So, beams and rafters are reinforced with overlays, which are connected by racks. Then tie rods are attached to the struts and reinforced rafters. And if the load from the roof is dispersed on the floor beams (this often happens when roof trusses located in small increments), then all these changes will help change the direction of the load of the entire roof.

What’s interesting is that in the design of modern mansard roofs there are also open elements: beams, parts of internal rafters and similar elements. All this effectively fits into the chosen interior style, and during construction you don’t need to worry about anything being left in sight after finishing.

What kind of interior? Firstly, we are talking about a style like French Provence. It welcomes bare wood beams with a combination of soft white ceiling and walls, natural fabrics in a small flower and just as eco-friendly wooden furniture dark tones. In fashion these days! And even a huge beam in the middle of the attic cannot damage this style. After all, as you remember, it was the French architect who came up with the idea of ​​​​using the under-roof space as a living space, and therefore such constructive details combine quite harmoniously with provencal style, and sometimes also act as the main stylistic accents.

The second no less popular style is high-tech. This is where you can and should safely display any elements of a rafter system made of metal. The main thing is that only the metal itself should be shiny and of high quality, with the same fastening. Additionally, leave the pipes visible ventilation system and any other engineering elements, if they look aesthetically pleasing enough. After all, this interior style is technical. Who likes this? For today's teenagers, programmers and any young people who are already disgusted by cloying classics in interiors or boring, rough minimalism.

Here's a little excursion into the world modern design. Don’t be surprised, but the attic that is so familiar to us has exactly the same history – initially, creative people and bohemians lived in such rooms. And partly this tradition has been preserved to this day. Therefore, if you are designing a house with an attic roof, and are worried about the presence of additional supports, beams or posts, of course, feel free to leave it, we are not talking about the living room.

But here is something that is often completely forgotten when designing an attic roof. It's a staircase! No matter how funny it may sound, it also happens that during the construction process you have to do double work. Don't miss this moment!

At first glance, the functions of the roof are obvious - it is protection from precipitation, wind, and cold. However, this is also an opportunity to increase useful living space through the use of an attic space. Even in your own home, square meters are never superfluous, so you should not recklessly neglect the opportunity to equip a full room or an additional bedroom without jeopardizing the family budget.

The mansard gable roof has been known for a very long time; at first, the rooms under it were used only for servants’ residence and storage of things. Of course, the living conditions that such a design provided could not be called comfortable - no heating, no windows, low overhanging ceiling. However, architects began to look for ways to use this space rationally. And, I must admit, they were found, because now gable roof with an attic, the level of convenience is in no way inferior to other residential premises, especially since with a reasonable approach it is possible to provide standard height ceiling, windows normal size and comfortable temperature.

Advantages and disadvantages

Obtained by connecting two slopes, like any construction solution, it has its pros and cons, which the house builder should be aware of in advance. The advantages include:

1. Its design does not require reinforcement of the foundation, which simplifies construction work and optimizes costs. The attic can be equipped even completely finished house, simply rebuilding and insulating the roof.
2. Easy to install. This design is easy to assemble; even several craftsmen or a team of two people can handle it.
3. Rationality. Effective use space under the roof, which can be equipped as an office, winter Garden. Gable roof with an unheated attic the room is suitable for seasonal storage.
4. Availability. All materials used are inexpensive and available for purchase.
5. Low cost. Square meter living space, installing an attic roof with your own hands will cost you much less than building an extension or a full second floor.

Below are, if I may say so, the disadvantages of a gable roof with an attic, which would be better called its features:

• To furnish a spacious room with your own hands, you need a fairly high gable roof, the design of which is technically more complex.
• Increasing the slope of the roof slopes increases the consumption of materials, and therefore the cost of construction, even if you work with your own hands.
• The design assumes the possibility of heat loss during the heating period.
• Increased heating of the roof and under-roof space in hot weather.

Types of construction

Although the design gable roof with an attic is considered traditional, it has many different designs:

Dual blood device with attic

The most important thing in the construction of an attic is the rafter system, which, like a skeleton, like a frame, bears the weight of the roof, gives it the necessary shape and serves as the basis for the floors. Therefore, it must be strong and able to withstand heavy loads. In order not to have doubts about its reliability, it is better to first carry out an engineering calculation with your own hands or using a calculator to calculate the temporary and permanent loads to which it will be subjected. Each rafter system consists of the following elements:

• Mauerlat. The base for the roof, which is attached flush along the upper perimeter of the load-bearing walls. Usually it is used as a beam, the cross-section of which depends on the mass of the roof. They attach it to metal studs or fittings, having previously waterproofed it using roofing felt.
• Rafters. Boards measuring 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm, installed at an angle, top part they converge at the ridge, and the lower one rests on the mauerlat. Rafter legs are the main supporting element of the system; they give triangular shape roof, forming its slope. The distance between them is set in the range from 60 to 120 cm.
• Horse. The upper corner of the gable roof triangle is formed at the meeting point of the two rafter legs.
• Crossbars, guy wires. Horizontal reinforcing elements installed between the rafters in order to absorb the bursting load. The higher this element is located, the thicker the timber is chosen for it.
• Racks, grandmas. Vertical supports located under the center of the rafter or under the ridge on which the roof rests. They transfer the load from the ridge to the load-bearing internal walls.
• Strut. Rafter legs, corner supporting elements that transfer the load from the rafters to the load-bearing partition.
• Sill. Essentially the same Mauerlat, only located on top of the inner load-bearing floor, also made from square timber.
• Fight. A horizontal bar that absorbs the thrust load between the vertical supports of large roofs.
• Lathing. The base on which it is subsequently laid roof covering. Most often it is used for unedged board or moisture resistant plywood sheets. A gable roof is equipped with a solid or lattice sheathing, depending on the roofing material.

Installation steps

If you want to limit construction costs, the best option for you is a gable roof with a residential attic. You can build it with your own hands in a couple of weeks, and a small professional team can do it in a matter of days. Construction should begin with the installation of lower beams, which can only be dispensed with if there is wooden floor. The next step is the installation of the racks; they are secured with brackets or tenons and supported with temporary braces for greater stability, because they will become the “skeleton” of the attic. Next, the installation of the Mauerlat begins, on which the rafter legs are attached. Only straight boards, without knots, can be used as rafters.

First of all, the rafter legs are adjusted at the gables, and then along the entire length of the walls in increments of 60-120 cm, depending on the width of the insulation and the weight of the roofing material. The final part of the work should be the installation of waterproofing, vapor barrier, sheathing, and counter-lattice. If a gable roof with an attic will be used as housing, it must be insulated using basalt-based mineral wool, ecowool or polystyrene foam. At the end, the gables and overhangs are sheathed with any lumber, and the roof surface is covered with metal tiles, ondulin or euro-slate. So, by spending a minimum of money, you can increase the living space of your home by one and a half times, making it comfortable and attractive!

Video instruction

Construction of attics in Lately has broken all records of popularity - the cost of housing is rising, and the attic allows you to get additional living space with minimal investment. However, the construction of such a roof has its own specifics and nuances that should be taken into account in order to obtain the expected result. In this article we will look in detail at all the intricacies of building an attic with your own hands.

It is necessary to begin the construction of an attic by creating a plan and assessing the condition of the supporting structures. In some cases, the foundation cannot cope with the additional load, for example, if you decide to build an attic on an old house. To prevent the foundation from sinking into the ground and cracking, it is necessary to conduct a study and, if necessary, strengthen the foundation. The second question that needs to be resolved is to decide on the type of construction of the future attic. This means choosing the roof shape and finishing material. This will depend not only appearance facade, but also the dimensions of the internal space. Drafting The design stage, from which any serious construction should begin, is fundamental to all further work. Not only the final result, but also savings on building materials and personal time depend on the accuracy of the calculations. It is better to immediately take the creation of an attic project seriously, so as not to spend money on correcting your own mistakes later. First of all, it is necessary to analyze the specific layout of the building on which the attic will be built. Analysis should include wall dimensions future design, roof shape, finishing materials, location of windows, doors, balconies, stairs, etc. It is important to take into account every little detail, right down to what sockets you will install and what devices will be connected to them. The corresponding SNiP, which sets out in detail the standards and requirements for construction, can help in drawing up a plan for the attic. For example, the line between the roof and the facade wall should be no less than 150 cm from the attic floor. What you should pay special attention to when creating an attic project: These points should form the basis of the attic project, and if you identify them, the work will be much easier. If you have never done this kind of work, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with attic projects on the websites of development companies or private firms so as not to miss any important detail. Calculation of rafters The calculation of the roof truss system must be performed very accurately and competently, since it determines whether the load-bearing walls will withstand the load of the attic. Depending on the angle of the rafters and the configuration of the roof, the load changes. If you doubt the strength of the walls, it is better to strengthen them immediately or choose not too heavy construction roofs. Installed building codes will help you perform an engineering calculation of the rafter system: The most common roof option for an attic is a gable sloping roof, but in this case the load on the walls will be significantly greater than, say, single-pitch design. But the advantage sloping roof in that it provides the maximum possible usable area of ​​the attic. Regardless of the type of roof chosen, it is necessary to create a powerful frame with a sufficient number of load-bearing supports that can withstand vertical and horizontal loads. Design Features If you want to build an attic on an old house, you will need to dismantle it first. old roof. After dismantling, you can begin installing the load-bearing structural elements - the Mauerlat. Mauerlat for the attic To fix the Mauerlat, experts recommend using anchor bolts with a diameter of at least 12 mm and fix them in a layer of reinforced concrete. Before installing the anchor, bend its end so that you get a hook - this way you will protect the fastener from accidental pulling out. Professional designers make a detailed drawing of the attic, where the points of attachment of the Mauerlat to the wall are drawn separately. They usually indicate there required amount anchors and their sizes. The bolt installation pitch can be from 100 to 150 cm. Mauerlat is a powerful beam with a cross-section of 150x150 or 200x200, placed at the convergence point of the roof and the load-bearing wall of the house. To install a gable roof, you need to install two beams, and for a 4-pitched roof you will need, you guessed it, 4 beams. The fastening elements of the Mauerlat should be located between the rafter beams so that there are not too many inserts in it, which could negatively affect bearing capacity. For example, if you build an attic with your own hands with rafters located a meter apart from each other, then the anchors should also go in increments of a meter, but with an offset of 50 cm in order to fit just between the rafters. Helpful tip: always use only galvanized bolts to fasten the Mauerlat to prevent rust. Place the support beam on the layer waterproofing material. It could be ordinary roofing material, polyethylene film or a modern waterproof membrane. If you are making an attic in brick house, anchors can be installed at the time of construction of load-bearing walls. To fix the beam in the Mauerlat, drill holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the studs, and when the beam is in place, secure it with nuts. Rafter system The Mauerlat is the basis of the rafter system, and it, in turn, is the “skeleton” of the roof. This Basic structure must support the weight of everything roofing pie And external loads– wind, snow, water, etc. Requirements for rafter systems are described in SNiP depending on the type of roof and climatic conditions of the region. To arrange the rafter system you will need ordinary tools that every owner has - a hammer, an ax, a hacksaw, a level, a construction stapler, a plumb line, a tape measure. To build an attic from timber and be sure of its durability, choose strong products without defects with a cross-section of 100x100 mm for racks and rafter boards with a suitable cross-section. For fasteners you will need 100-120 mm nails, powerful metal staples and an antifungal compound for processing wooden elements. In a good way, all beams and boards should be treated with disinfectants and fire retardants. The highest quality rafters are made from pine and larch. The moisture content of the material should be no more than 22%. Rafters can be inclined or hanging. The inclined elements at one end rest against load-bearing wall, and for others - into a run or stand. Hanging ones allow you to organize a small canopy of the roof slope over the wall of the house, thus providing additional protection from moisture and cold. The rafters at the ridge of the roof are connected with an overlap or overhead dies. Important: The rafter racks are attached to the mauerlat if wooden floor beams are used, and if construction is carried out on reinforced concrete slab, racks can be placed at any point. During the construction of an attic roof, it is very important to properly organize the system of diagonal braces and struts. To prevent the elements from bending over time, it is necessary to install a horizontal crossbar. For very wide buildings, it is recommended to install hanging rafters, tightened with a tie. In some cases, for the construction of the rafter “skeleton” they use not only wood, but also metal elements, however, the difference in thermal conductivity coefficients of materials can lead to deformations. Besides, metal parts need additional waterproofing. Roof installation Each type of roof has its own installation technology, but there are general points, requiring special attention. So, valleys, regardless of the roofing material, are more difficult to do than laying the covering, and additional problems may arise with the junctions. Therefore, it is important to strictly follow the installation instructions so that in the future the junctions with pipes or walls do not cause trouble. How to build an attic: A video on how to build an attic with your own hands will allow you to better understand the whole process: Thermal insulation of the attic Separately, I would like to dwell on the thermal insulation of the attic. Insulating an attic space consists of three stages: protecting the floor, gables and ceiling. You can use one insulation for all surfaces, the main thing is that it is resistant to moisture, has low thermal conductivity, does not burn and is environmentally friendly. Many meet these requirements modern materials of various prices. Among the most inexpensive are foam plastic, polystyrene foam boards, mineral wool. Fiberboard slabs can be used for the attic located above the bathhouse. Let's consider the most popular insulation materials for attics: Glass wool is a type of mineral wool insulation and one of the most budget options, but the installation of this material is quite specific. It is especially difficult to work with glass wool when insulating ceilings, since it emits a lot of dust, which causes irritation. Work should be carried out in a protective suit covering the entire body, goggles, gloves and a respirator. Although tempting low price, many prefer other materials, for example, foam. Polystyrene foam is a traditional insulation material used in various fields of construction. It is easy to work with, it retains heat well, does not absorb moisture and will last at least 10 years. The only drawback is that in the event of a fire, the foam melts and emits toxic smoke, which is hazardous to health. Expanded polystyrene is more durable than polystyrene foam, has high vapor permeability and durability. Expanded polystyrene can be used to insulate rooms with high humidity. It does not burn and does not emit toxic substances, therefore it is considered one of the best budget insulation materials for residential premises. Fiberboard is the best option for insulating an attic above a bathhouse. The material has excellent sound insulation, low thermal conductivity, and does not deform. With its help, you can quickly level the surface for laying the finishing coating. We told you how to properly build an attic, using the most economical materials and proven installation methods. Interior decoration carried out in the same way as in the rest of the house. You can wallpaper the walls, paint them, lay the floor with laminate or lay a warm carpet.

Many males, having found a family, sooner or later think about purchasing their own home. Someone takes out a mortgage on an apartment, and someone saves money for... But save up for big house Not many succeed and the alternative would be to build a house with.

What is a mansard roof?

The attic can be built from or from a material suitable for you.

It will not be difficult to build an attic, but it requires patience, hard work, suitable materials and availability of tools.

The shape and design of the roof must be included in the design of the house in order to avoid incidents during further operation.

You can build a house with standard project or order it from professionals. In such documentation you will be able to understand where to start and choose the appropriate materials for construction.

Now you can purchase everything you need, but first equip a place to store building materials and tools. The storage place must be dry and so that rain or snow cannot harm the construction material.

It will also be possible to equip a small workshop under the canopy for the manufacture of some parts of the house or roof. For a house made of or who does not have the opportunity to build a full second floor, choosing an attic roof would be the best option. The house from will budget option. Next we will look at the structure of the attic.

The design elements of the attic are practically no different from gable roofs.

Materials required for the construction of an attic roof

The roof is the outer covering of the roof, it protects inner part attic and can be made of various materials.

For roofing, as a rule, such materials are used:

Stages of building a do-it-yourself attic roof

After becoming familiar with the names of the roof structure, we can continue to further analyze the construction step by step.

First stage

Attic construction always begins from mounting the Mauerlat.

When building on a stone box, you need to think about securing with studs or anchors at a distance of no more than two meters.

At the locations of the anchors, the timber is marked, a hole is made in it and put on the anchors, then the Mauerlat is fixed with nuts to the wall.

To simplify the marking, you need to place the beam on the anchor and lightly go over it with a hammer, after these manipulations there should be traces left, they will be the places for drilling holes.

Second phase

The second stage of the attic construction will be the installation of floor beams.

Actions must be consistent.

First of all, the outer beams are installed at the ends, then the intermediate ones. Between the intermediate and outer beams it is necessary to stretch a nylon cord or scaffolding, or you can also use a level. These devices are needed to indicate the plane.

Third stage

We install, align in a vertical position and secure the support posts.

We strengthen it with jibs and make horizontal runs.

It must be taken into account that the racks are placed in equal numbers with the floor beams on two parallel sides of the attic.

Rigidity supporting structure provide horizontal runs.

Fourth stage (rafter system)

Template-prepared parts truss structure install according to and fix to vertical supports.

The elements can be fixed using boards or metal plates with holes.

Fifth stage (gables and sheathing)

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we sew up the gables, leaving room for them, and attach sheathing boards along the entire roof. This is the most simple work during the construction of an attic.

Sixth stage

Now we have come almost to the completion of construction and this is the insulation of the attic roof with our own hands.

IN modern construction They use a variety of materials for insulation and you can purchase them at any hardware store.

Final stage

After the roof is covered, we install a drainage system that will give the finished look. Of course, this is not quite the finale, because you have to interior work on finishing, but that is not covered in this article.