Building a house with your own hands from cinder blocks - from sand and cement to the finished building. Construction of private houses from cinder blocks Construction of walls from cinder blocks
Cinder block has become very widespread not only because this building material is inexpensive, but also due to its excellent thermal insulation properties, however, it is suitable only for small buildings due to its low bearing capacity built structure.
Making cinder block
Making a cinder block is not difficult. For this you will need:
- Water.
- Sand.
- Slag.
- Cement M-500 (you can use M-400, but it will require 10 - 15 percent more).
- Plasticizing additive (if additional strength is required).
- Vibroforming machine.
It is possible to make a cinder block without the use of machinery, but this is unprofitable for large production volumes, since it is heavy. physical work which will take a lot of time.
A cinder block made without compaction by a vibrating machine has less strength and is most often used for the construction of non-residential premises.
To obtain a high-quality cinder block, it is important to maintain proportions.
Option 1:
- Fine sifted slag - 9 parts.
- Cement - 1 part.
- Water is half the volume of cement.
Option 2:
- Granular slag - 4 parts.
- Small screening - 4 parts.
- Cement - 1 part.
- Water is half the volume of cement.
Calculation of the number of cinder blocks
In order to calculate how many cinder blocks are needed for a house, it is important to know exactly how thick the walls will be. These data may differ in different regions, as colder climate, the faster the wall will freeze, and therefore it can be even 60 cm. For those people who are not planning multi-story construction, in many cases it is enough to make a wall 20 cm thick and insulate it with a 10 cm layer of polystyrene foam. In this case, the consumption of cinder blocks will be 3 times less. It is important to understand construction terminology:
- Half a stone is not actually half a block. Here the thickness is taken into account - in our case it is 20 cm.
- Into the stone. This is the length of the block (in our case 40 cm).
- One and a half stones (20+40=60 cm).
- Two stones (40+40=80 cm).
Brick is considered in the same way, based on its dimensions.
Let's calculate the most common option for building a house with a wall width of 40 cm.
Let's take for example a building with dimensions 9x7 and a height of 3 m. The area of a stone measuring 0.2x0.4 m is 0.08 m2. Now let’s calculate the consumption of blocks per square meter walls. To do this, divide 1 m2 by the area of the stone (0.08 m2), and get 12.5 pieces. Since the wall will consist of two rows of blocks, their number doubles - 12.5 × 2 = 25 pieces.
Now let's calculate the total length of the walls: 9+7+9+7=32 linear meters.
To calculate the area, we multiply the resulting figure by the planned height of the house - in our case it is 3 m.
Knowing the consumption of blocks per 1 m2 (25 pcs), we multiply the results obtained:
96×25=2400 cinder blocks.
This calculation does not take into account door and window openings, but do not rush to subtract their area from the total result. Why? Because cinder block is a rather fragile material, and during transportation and unloading you will certainly have a fight. In addition, when making door and window openings, the block will need to be cut, as a result of which its second half may become unusable, since the central partition remains on the first (when constructing blocks with two recesses). So, if you buy as many blocks as exactly what should go into the house, then you won’t have enough.
If you make this building material yourself, you can always complete the missing number of blocks, just remember that they will need time to gain strength.
Construction stages
How to make a foundation for a house from cinder blocks is a separate topic, which can be found in a separate section. After the foundation has set, you can make a base, but you can start laying walls only after 4 weeks. This is how long it will take for concrete to gain strength.
High-quality waterproofing must be done under and above the base. Finally the time has come when laying can begin. You need to start from the corners, because otherwise the walls may turn out uneven. To do this, place one cinder block in each corner and level the horizon with a water level, and it is better to check the verticality with a plumb line, or a building level.
Now stretch the string from one corner to the other so that it runs along outer corner stone When laying, make sure that each new laid stone does not move it, otherwise the entire row will turn out crooked.
For masonry, ordinary cement mortar which shouldn't exist thick layer. 1.5 cm is enough, because otherwise the walls will be colder, since the solution is not a heat insulator.
If this is the first masonry in your life, then it will take more time to level the blocks, which becomes a problem when using ordinary mortar, since it quickly sets and ceases to be plastic. In this case, it is recommended to use a special plasticizer that slows down the hardening of the solution, otherwise each incorrectly laid block will have to be removed and put away old mortar and apply a new one.
To work you will need:
- Rubber mallet (for tapping blocks).
- Trowel.
- Master OK.
- Scaffolding (working on a stepladder is very inconvenient).
Don’t forget about window openings, which need to be made at a certain height and covered with concrete lintels. Reinforce the very last row with a reinforcing belt, so take its height into account when laying.
Once you've finished working on the walls, don't delay the roof! We repeat: this material is not friendly with moisture.
Video
We present to your attention a video about laying cinder blocks.
What was done
Project: the Innsbruck project was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer's family, and a solution was proposed to move the terrace.
foundation: based on geology and the architect’s calculations, the house was built on a pile-grill foundation.
ceilings: basement - reinforced concrete monolithic; interfloor - reinforced concrete floor slabs.
box: walls made of aerated concrete blocks, masonry with masonry glue. Windows are made to order, with one-sided lamination, installation on site.
roof: metal tiles.
external finishing: the walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered, finishing elements are made of wood, manufactured locally, based on technical specifications visualization, painted. The base is laid out decorative stone.
interior finishing: finishing was carried out according to the design project, where the combination was taken as the basis decorative plaster with stone and wood. False beams were installed on the ceilings.
additionally: a fireplace has been installed and finished.
What was done
This is the very case when our Customer and we speak the same language and are inspired by the ECO high-tech style! Designer Ilya came to us with already finished Project your future home! Our team liked the project - it’s so unusual and stylish solutions It's always a professional challenge!
We prepared estimates for Ilya and developed unique Constructive decisions- all this allowed us to implement this project! Frame house made in our proven Canadian technology with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour! The outside of the house is sheathed with imitation timber. All windows are made according to individual order and laminated in colors according to the project. Additional accents are placed thanks to professional painting of imitation timber and selection of paints.
What was done
What does it cost us to build a house? Indeed, having a team of professionals and knowledge, building a house from scratch is a matter of time! But sometimes the task is more difficult! We have introductory ones - an existing foundation, or buildings on the site, extensions to existing buildings and much more! For the Matsuev family it was exactly this not an easy task. They had a foundation from an old house that had burned down, and landscaped area Around him! The new house had to be built in a short time on the existing foundation. Dmitry and his family had a desire to build new house in high-tech style. After careful measurements, a design was made that took into account the old layout, but had a new one modern form with interesting innovations! appeared at home entry group, where you can sit at a table on cozy evenings and a complex but possible exploitable roof in our area. To implement such a roof, we called on our knowledge and modern Construction Materials LVL beams, built-up roofing and much more. Now in the summer you can have an unusual dinner on such a roof or watch the stars at night! In the decoration, our architect also emphasized the minimalistic and graphic high-tech style. Smooth plastered walls with painted plank details, and wooden beams at the entrance added personality. The inside of the house is finished with imitation timber, which is painted in different colors depending on the purpose of the room! Large windows in the living room kitchen overlooking the site created the desired effect of illumination and airiness of the space! The house of the Matsuev family - decorated our photo gallery in the section country architecture in high-tech style, the style chosen by brave Customers with excellent taste.
What was done
Olga and her family have long dreamed of a country house! A reliable, solid home for living that will fit perfectly into their difficult narrow plot! With the advent of children, it was decided to make the dream come true; children grow quickly and in own home There are many opportunities in nature and Fresh air. We, in turn, were glad to work on an individual house project in classic style made of red brick with a bay window! After the first acquaintance with our company in a cozy office, we invited Olga to take a look at our current construction site: evaluate the order and construction processes, storage of materials on site, get acquainted with the construction team, make sure the quality of the work. After visiting the site, Olga decided to work with us! And we were glad to do our favorite job again to make another country dream come true!
What was done
Project: changes were made to the San Rafael project and redevelopment was made according to the wishes of the Customer.
floors: basement - reinforced concrete floor slabs; interfloor - reinforced concrete floor slabs
box: walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, masonry with mortar??? Windows have been installed.
roof: metal tiles
terrace: rough fencing elements have been completed, flooring has been installed.
What was done
Dmitry contacted our company with an interesting preliminary design to calculate the cost. Our experience allows us to perform such calculations based on preliminary designs with minimal errors, no more than 2%. Having visited our construction sites and received the cost of construction, Dmitry chose us from many of our colleagues in the workshop to complete the project. Our team began to carry out a difficult and expressive country project with spacious premises and garage, large windows and complex architecture. After the project was completed, Dmitry chose us as a contractor company, and we, in turn, wanted to do further work on the same high level! Since the object is large, Dmitry proposed stage-by-stage cooperation, namely, upon successful completion of the foundation work, we began the second part of the project - walls + floors + roofing. Also important for Dmitry exact dates construction, in order to speed up the construction processes, the team was reinforced by 2 experienced masons.
The box on a pile-grillage foundation was delivered right on time! The result pleased us and the Customer. All stages of the work were coordinated and worked out for Dmitry and his individual project, which benefited all participants in the process!
What was done
Project: The project of our company Inkerman was changed taking into account the wishes of the Customer’s family, the house was planted on the site, taking into account the existing situation on the site and the relief
foundation: based on geology and the architect’s calculations, the house was built on a reinforced pile-grillage foundation.
ceilings: wooden wooden beams, in places large spans installation of LVL beams. Basement ceiling insulated basalt insulation in 200mm; interfloor covering with 150mm sound insulation.
box: box: walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, masonry with mortar. Windows have been installed.
roofing: installation of metal tiles.
external finishing: the facade is insulated with basalt facade slabs 100 mm, fronts closed facing bricks; color scheme proposed by the architect and agreed with the Customer.
What was done
The Krutov family decided to build a spacious house for the whole family to live in!
Olga and other family members went from idea to implementation in several stages! Choice of technology long work on the project, building a foundation, building a house with exterior finishing and then working on interior decoration! Frame technology was chosen as energy-saving, prefabricated and high-tech! Why did the Krutovs choose our company? They were pleased with the quality of work on our construction site and the workers who gave us a detailed tour! We also worked on the estimate for a long time, combining different variants finishes, comparing their costs. This made it possible to choose the best option from a wide variety of finishing materials and configurations.
The project was created by an architect friend, but we had to work out the constructive part of it. After which the most reliable and effective foundation was erected - USHP. Next, work began on the box. Frame house with 200 mm insulation along the entire contour and unique technology roof insulation 300 mm. For exterior finishing siding was chosen in a spectacular combination of colors - coffee and cream. Accents are placed thanks to powerful roof overhangs, an interfloor belt and large windows!
What was done
When you decide to become the proud owner own home and move to a new home for permanent residence, first of all, you think about what the house will be like; what to build it from; how much will it cost and most importantly, WHO will do all this?
Alexander, came to our company with the desire to move to his own Vacation home. He liked the Avignon project and there was already a strip foundation on the site. After the initial visit to the site, measurements and inspection of the foundation, we gave our conclusions and recommendations. Strengthen the foundation, change the project and adapt it to the size of the existing foundation! After agreeing on the cost, it was decided to build in winter. Alexander received reinforced concrete floors as a gift, one of the leading construction crews and a house according to the design you liked, standing on a plot with exterior finishing by spring! Alexander observed every stage of construction, regularly visiting the construction site and was pleased with the result, and we were pleased with our work. This is an individually designed Avignon project, implemented in stone technology with external insulation and siding finishing!
What was done
Each house is a separate story of creation and implementation! One day we built a house for good people and they recommended us to someone else to a good person! Rumyantsev Andrey came to our company with a desire to replace the old country house to build a one-story spacious country house with a fireplace for warm family evenings... It was decided to build the house from aerated concrete blocks so that the future country handsome man would delight the owner for decades! The customer voiced his wishes for finishing - and we, in turn, brought everything to life. Thanks to detailed visualization of the project, each element of the exterior decoration is a member of a friendly ensemble! Bavarian masonry, as the final stage of exterior decoration, looks noble and thorough. Without a doubt, such a tandem - aerated concrete and brick can be safely called the best solution in the field of stone house construction - warm, affordable, beautiful, reliable. Modern technologies have stepped forward so much that such unique configurations become available in a short time, because we built this project in winter months. The main thing is to have the necessary knowledge and constantly replenish it!
What was done
Project: the project of a European company was taken as a basis and was adapted to the site and the wishes of the Customer’s family; a terrace and patio were proposed, taking into account the cardinal directions on the Customer’s site.
foundation: based on geology and the architect’s calculations, the house was built on a pile-grill foundation.
ceilings: basement - reinforced concrete monolithic; interfloor - wooden on beams with a 150 mm sound insulation device.
box: walls made of aerated concrete blocks, masonry with masonry glue. Windows are made to order with one-sided lamination, installation on site.
roof: metal tiles.
Exterior finishing: the walls are insulated with basalt facade insulation and plastered. Based on visualizations added façade panels under the Tolento stone. The enclosing elements of the terrace and balcony are made of wood, made locally, based on technical specifications visualization, and painted. The roof overhangs are lined with soffits matching the color of the roof.
| Vladimir Murashkin, The owner of a house “brought to life according to his idea and sketch!” House parameters: |
What was done
When Customers come to us with bright, modern ideas future home, we light up doubly! After all, work on a new stylish project it’s always interesting and a challenge, how to implement everything bold ideas from a constructive point of view, what materials should be used? Vladimir bought a plot of land with picturesque views of the Oka bank! This view could not be ignored, so an indispensable attribute of the future house was a dizzying terrace (51.1 m2) and large balcony oriented to beauty! Vladimir wanted to relax in nature precisely in wooden house, and it was necessary to build a house in a short time and ideal solution became for such tasks frame technology construction! If we’re going to be different, it’s in everything! The house was made even more spectacular by the vertical finishing of imitation timber made of durable larch, painted in natural shades with emphasized wood texture. Laminated windows complement the modern look of the house! It turned out to be an excellent country house, with highlights and at the same time incredibly functional.
It all started with individual project, found by the Customer’s family on a European website. It was with him that she came to our office for the first time. We made preliminary calculations for the project, took a tour of the existing construction site, shook hands and work began to boil! The architect improved and adapted the project to the site and the Client’s family; the foreman “planted” the house on the site. In fact geological surveys it was decided to put the house on bored piles. The frame grew in a few weeks, then the roofing, insulation, exterior finishing! Behind winter period a house grew on the site. The customer invited a third-party technical supervisor who monitored the process independently of our multi-stage control. The color for painting the imitation timber was selected by our manager and here in front of us is the bright and cozy country house of the Pushkov family’s dreams!
Appearing less than 50 years ago, the method of constructing structures from cinder blocks has gained wide popularity. All thanks to the simplicity and high speed of installation. To make construction even more economical, many decide to build a cinder block house with their own hands. With a minimum of tools, following technology, you can build a warm, reliable, durable structure.
Construction will require a certain number of cinder blocks. You can make them yourself. This will require special forms in large quantities, since drying will take place directly in them. Using filler, water and cement, a mixture is created that is distributed into molds. To form voids in blocks, you can use glass bottles or metal and wooden blanks.
The entire manufacturing process will take about a month. Therefore, if the speed of construction is important to you, and you also have the necessary funds, then it is better to purchase ready material. He must be certified and have relevant documents. Experts recommend paying attention to the following points:
- Use of environmentally friendly fillers in the production.
- These include shell rock, shavings and crushed stone. All bundles with cinder blocks must be identical and without defects.
- Should be carefully studied quality characteristics, such as resistance to low temperatures, strength, thermal conductivity, so that building a house from cinder block with your own hands will bring maximum results.
- Take an interest in the manufacturing technology. When purchasing material for the construction of a residential structure, pay attention to the use of a vibration compacting machine. If other devices were used during production, then such cinder blocks are suitable only for outbuildings.
- Pay attention to the color of the blocks. Gray indicates a large amount of cement. If a different shade predominates, then this is a sign of using a large amount of filler, which is unacceptable for such a building material.
Construction experts advise checking the quality before building a cinder block house with your own hands. This can be done using a regular 1.5 cm nail. If it goes into the bottom of the block, then its quality is in doubt. You can also drop it from a height of 1.5 meters. A reliable cinder block will remain intact or its corners will be slightly knocked off. If the material has crumbled or broken, then it should not be used for construction.
Calculation of the number of blocks
The result of building a house from slag concrete with your own hands from scratch largely depends on correct calculation building materials. It should be borne in mind that masonry can take place using different technologies:
- to the floor of a stone (20cm);
- in one (40 cm);
- in two (80 cm);
- one and a half (60 cm).
This choice will depend on the climate zone. IN temperate climate Perhaps half a stone will be enough, but in regions with harsh winters a thickness of at least 60 cm will be required.
Count required quantity cinder blocks are made according to the following algorithm:
- First you need to calculate the cost of building materials per meter of wall. The standard area of one cinder block is 0.08 m². That is, 12.5 blocks are required per 1 m. If you lay a cinder block house with your own hands in two rows, then we multiply the resulting figure by half.
- Next you need to calculate the area of the entire building. To do this, its perimeter must be multiplied by its height.
- To find out the final number of cinder blocks, you need to multiply the number for one meter by the resulting area.
When making calculations, you should not take into account window and door openings. This will be a reserve, since rejection or damage to building materials is possible.
Laying the foundation
When building a cinder block house with your own hands, you should lay enough high foundation. This is due to the fact that under the influence of moisture the blocks can collapse, resulting in damage to the entire structure. The minimum height must be 70 cm. The best option The foundation is considered to be a strip type.
The main stages of laying the foundation:
- A pit is being dug out. In cases where it is planned basement it must be in-depth.
- A cushion of gravel and sand half a meter thick is laid.
- The sheathing and metal frame are installed.
- Cement mortar is poured.
If you plan to build a basement, you can start it a week after pouring. The house itself is erected after complete drying. This may take about a month. Important! It is necessary to take care of waterproofing between the plinth and cinder blocks to prevent their damage from moisture.
Walling
At this stage, the most important nuance is alignment. Therefore, after laying the first row, it is necessary to carefully check this point using a level.
As for laying cinder blocks, it is done quite quickly. You should have a mallet on hand for tamping, a trowel for removing excess mortar, and a spatula.
It is necessary to monitor the thickness of the applied solution. It should not exceed 1.5 cm. Otherwise, thermal characteristics DIY cinder block homes will deteriorate. To increase the strength of the mixture, a plasticizer is added to it. It will also help slow down drying, resulting in new mortar needing to be mixed less frequently.
The blocks must be laid at a temperature not lower than 15°C in dry weather.
The rows are laid offset to the floor of the block. To increase the strength of the structure, you can use reinforcement that is inserted into specially prepared recesses in cinder blocks every 4 rows.
How to insulate a house?
Since external insulation is much more effective than internal insulation, it is worth taking care of this already at the construction stage. In addition, installation of insulation will create reliable protection cinder blocks. The most economical and sufficient effective option foam insulation is considered. If you implement internal insulation using this material will require a vapor barrier. It is not needed for external thermal insulation.
You need to do the following:
- Putty the walls.
- Secure the insulation. This can be done on metal strip, the role of which can be played by drywall profiles. The foam should be laid tightly so that there are no gaps between the seams.
- Apply a reinforcing mesh to prevent the appearance of defects due to mechanical stress.
- Level the surface and finish. Finishing work carried out using bark beetle or decorative plaster.
- Paint the walls.
It is also possible to insulate with mineral wool. In this case, you can cover the house with siding. If financial capabilities allow, you can purchase polyurethane foam. This insulation is applied by spraying, resulting in no joints, therefore thermal insulation characteristics are improving.
Roof
On finished frame For a cinder block house, you need to install the roof with your own hands in a short time. This is necessary to protect cinder blocks from negative atmospheric phenomena. This process can be carried out simultaneously with insulation.
The most common roofing option is gable roof. The installation process includes the following steps:
- To begin with, a mauerlat is mounted, the so-called base, on which it will rest rafter system. Here you should think about waterproofing to prevent wood from rotting from rain and snow.
- The rafter system is being assembled. This process is standard. The rafters form the shape of the letter A. But in the case of cinder block houses, it is necessary to use additional posts and beams so that the walls are not under constant tension.
- Next, the ceiling beams are installed.
- Then the trusses are installed. It is important to choose the right size so that they can withstand roofing material. It is also necessary to ensure that they are identical.
- After this, the hydraulic barrier is tightened. A special membrane is used for this.
- The sheathing is installed and covered with roofing material.
- The final stage is insulation. It will help reduce heat loss by another 15-20%.
Advantages and disadvantages of cinder block houses
Cinder block housing is very attractive due to its features:
- It is quickly erected, while the costs are minimal when compared with other materials.
- There is no need to lay a massive foundation.
- The material used for construction is easy to store and transport.
- The quality of the constructed house is in no way inferior to structures made from other materials, if the technology is followed correctly.
But with all the advantages, there are also disadvantages:
- Moisture is harmful to cinder blocks.
- This material does not provide an adequate level of sound and heat insulation.
- The material is not as attractive as, for example, wood.
It is worth noting that these disadvantages are easily compensated for. Proper laying of the foundation and construction in dry weather will help solve the moisture problem. During the construction phase you can use mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, which will help achieve the required level of heat and sound insulation. And modern Decoration Materials will give an attractive appearance housing.
A do-it-yourself cinder block house is an excellent alternative to buildings made from other materials, which helps you save money and get quality housing in a short time.
Much lighter than brick, since this material has more large sizes, it is easier to install. Below you will find information on how to build a cinder block house with your own hands, what materials and tools will be needed for this, how to choose a foundation, build walls and mount a roof.
For construction you need to prepare:
- cinder blocks in the required quantity;
- cement, sand and crushed stone;
- concrete mixer, vibrator, shovels and buckets;
- boards for formwork;
- metal channel;
- floor beams and rafter boards;
- roofing material;
- reinforcement 10-12 mm thick for the frame;
- buckets, shovels, trowel, grater.
Building a house with your own hands
How to build a house with your own hands? First you need to choose the type of foundation for the house.
If a small one is being built country house without a basement, you can build a strip foundation, making it shallow. It should be noted that such a foundation can only be built on non-heaving soil.
If the soil on the site is poor, you need to consider the option of building pile foundation. You can use both ordinary reinforced concrete piles and screw ones, which are easier to install.
Schemes for building a house may vary, but it should be noted that in shallow and pile foundations It is recommended to build only one-story houses.
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Construction of a strip foundation
The site where the house will stand is leveled and all large stones are removed. Then they mark it using a thick fishing line with stakes. This type of foundation is called strip because it is a concrete strip that is located under the walls of the future structure.
According to the markings, a trench is dug to a depth of 80-100 cm. Crushed stone is poured into the trench and compacted. For tamping, it is best to use a simple device that can be easily made yourself from a piece of log, attaching a cross handle to it. poured onto crushed stone sand cushion and is also compacted.
After this, formwork from boards is installed. It should rise above ground level by at least 50 cm. Then a power frame should be built from reinforcement 10-12 cm thick. The reinforcement is tied in the form of lattices with cells of 25-30 cm. For fastening, a special knitting wire should be used. The frame is installed inside the formwork. He will give concrete base additional strength. When everything is ready, the formwork is laid with polyethylene so that water from the concrete mixture does not go into the soil. After this, you can begin making concrete mortar for pouring the foundation.
To prepare concrete you will need:
- cement grade M400-M500;
- coarse sifted sand;
- medium-sized crushed stone;
- water;
- mixing container or concrete mixer;
- buckets, shovels.
Cement is mixed with sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1:3:5. The solution should not be too thick or thin. It is necessary to take into account that the foundation must be poured in one go so that there are no seams on it. The presence of seams affects the strength of the concrete strip. Therefore, it is recommended to use a concrete mixer. If this is not possible, then the help of 2-3 people is needed to quickly mix required quantity solution, quickly pour it into the formwork.
As the solution is poured, it should be compacted so that it disperses between the rods of the load-bearing frame. If it is possible to use a vibrator, then it is immersed in the concrete as it is poured. If there is no vibrator, then the solution is pierced with a shovel bayonet, doing this many times.
When the solution is poured into the formwork, the drying process begins. Dries and gains the necessary strength concrete mixture for 4-6 weeks, and during this time the foundation should not be left abandoned. It can become dry from the sun or wet from the rain. This will make the concrete less strong. Therefore, in hot weather it is covered with wet rags, and in rain - plastic film. As soon as the concrete gains strength, you can begin directly building a house from cinder blocks, that is, building walls.
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Cinder block house: building walls
Before laying the first row, waterproofing is laid on the concrete strip (Fig. 3). You can lay 2 layers of roofing material or use some other waterproofing material. A cement mortar is prepared from 1 part cement and 3 parts fine-grained, well-sifted sand. First, cinder blocks are placed along the edges of the future row and a rope is pulled between them. This will allow the row to lay flat. It must be taken into account that the location of all other rows of masonry depends on the first row, so it must be laid out as carefully as possible.
You should determine in advance where the windows and doors will be located. For above door or window openings use a metal channel placed on the wall. Having raised the walls of the house to the required height, you need to prepare for the construction of the ceiling. To do this, scraps of wire are implanted into the penultimate row of masonry, to which the beams will be attached.
Cinder blocks were invented almost a hundred years ago. Due to their versatility of use and affordable cost, they have firmly entered the market. They are used everywhere for the construction of residential buildings and objects for various purposes.
During production in concrete mortar add a variety of fillers: blast furnace or volcanic slag, gravel screenings, expanded clay, shell rock, ash, sawdust. After pouring, the molds are pressed in a vibration machine and dried for a long time.
Ready-made blocks are lightweight and low coefficient heat transfer. Large dimensions make it possible to create lightweight structures and speed up the pace of construction. Slag concrete is actively used in design few storey buildings, garages, arrangement of basements, cellars, installation of attics, laying columnar and strip foundations.
Advantages:
1. Cost-effectiveness - cheap fillers and low-cost technology suggest minimum consumption binder component (cement) without loss of product quality. Cinder block walls of a house do not require heavy, expensive foundations.
2. Fire safety - withstand prolonged exposure to open fire and are not destroyed by high temperatures.
3. Resistance to natural disasters - houses can withstand hurricanes and earthquakes, especially if the walls are reinforced with steel reinforcement.
4. Durability - the main material does not shrink and gains strength over time. For a slag concrete house, builders set a service life of up to 100 years.
5. Simple installation - it is not necessary to involve expensive specialists for masonry; you can handle the work on your own.
6. Unpretentiousness - storage and transportation of blocks do not require special conditions.
7. Affordable design - many online resources offer free detailed plans And ready-made diagrams construction of turnkey houses.
The porous structure makes it easier masonry work, increases noise absorption and improves the thermal insulation of the house.
Review of popular projects
1. House with an attic 10x15.
The total area of the cinder block building is 220 m2. About a third of the first floor is occupied by a garage and Technical buildings. WITH opposite side The house has access to a wide terrace. The spacious living room and kitchen are located nearby, which is very convenient for receiving a large number of guests.
In the center of the attic there is a large hall with a floor-to-ceiling window. The project also includes a bedroom, an office, 2 children's rooms and 2 bathrooms. All rooms are separate, the doors open into the hall. The office and one nursery have balconies.
2. 10x10 house plan with garage.
The location of the attic is provided only above the residential part of the 1st floor. In addition to the garage, downstairs there is a narrow hall, a toilet, small kitchen. The living room has a built-in stove corner staircase and exit to the terrace. On top floor 2 bedrooms and a bathroom.
The house is designed for a small family of 2-3 people.
3. Project of a cinder block house on 2 floors 10x10.
The total area of the building is 180 sq.m. The house is divided into many living rooms. It also provides the necessary technical and auxiliary premises: boiler room, kitchen, wardrobe, 3 bathrooms (one downstairs and 2 upstairs). This is a spacious, ergonomic home for a large family.
What determines the cost of building a house?
The final price of a cinder block building is made up of many factors:
- House design taking into account engineering and communication systems. Ordering a plan from an architectural studio starts from 25,000 rubles.
- Excavation of soil under the foundation of a house to a depth of 0.7-1 m. A cube of earth costs 400-500 rubles.
- Monolithic device strip foundation(reinforcement + filling). For a wall 0.4 m thick, a base width of 0.5 m is required. Material costs are about 8,000 rubles per cubic meter. If you hire a team, then the project estimate needs to be increased by 10-15%. Laying a turnkey strip foundation costs 17,000-19,000 rubles per cubic meter of concrete work.
- Filling with crushed stone and sand will cost 600-800 rubles/cube including delivery. At this stage of construction, you can include the arrangement of the basement.
- Purchase of slag concrete 390×190×190 mm. To lay walls in one block per 1 m2 you need 12.5 pieces. If walls made of double cinder blocks are specified, then 25 pcs/m2 will be required. approximate cost block - 30-35 rubles plus 8-10% for battle and marriage.
- Cement and sand. According to the laying plan, a cube of mortar is enough for 4.3 m3 of wall. To do this, you need to buy 6 bags of M400 cement and a cubic meter of sand, which will cost 1800-2000 rubles.
The estimate includes the costs of roofing, floors between floors, windows, and doors. The general list also includes materials for insulation, interior and exterior decoration. The most expensive part is the installation of heating, sewerage, gas, water and electricity.
Some nuances influence the final cost:
1. Cinder concrete walls cannot withstand the load concrete floor. Therefore, in a house project it is usually planned to install an armored belt made of longitudinal beams.
2. When constructing walls, it is necessary to reinforce every second row of blocks with steel bars. This increases the cost per cube of masonry by 300-350 rubles.
3. To make the structure lighter and cheaper, you can use hollow cinder blocks. Since they have increased fragility, they are suitable only for the construction of 1-2 storey houses, garages or installation of an attic.
Thus, the approximate price of a turnkey house is about 20,000-25,000 rubles per 1 sq. m. meter of area.
