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Volumetric formwork in monolithic construction. Technological map for installation of formwork of a monolithic house Technological map for installation of volumetric formwork

Installation of formwork is carried out using a KB 403 tower crane with a boom length of 30 m, installed according to the construction plan. Installation of formwork is carried out using clamps. Each floor in the plan is divided into two sections.

Concreting of columns, walls and ceilings is carried out using Peri formwork. The formwork kit consists of:

• - WALLS - made of metal panels lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the pressure of freshly laid concrete 60 kN/m 2; BFD straightening locks, which ensure cohesion, evenness and density of formwork panels in one operation; tie rods DV - 15 with a nut - gasket with a permissible load on the tie rod of 90 kN; RSS leveling strands with support, ensuring the stability of the formwork structures and designed for a load of 30 kN; consoles for suspended scaffolding TRZh 120, ensuring safety with a load on the scaffold of 150 kg/m 2.
• - COLUMNS - TRS metal panels, lined with waterproof plywood 21 mm thick, withstanding the permissible pressure of freshly laid concrete 100 kN/m 2, column tension bolts with a permissible load per bolt of 90 kN.
• - FLOORS - made of GT 24 lattice beams of various lengths with load-bearing capacity - shear force in spacers - 14 kN, bending moment - 7 kNm, supports PER 30 with a load-bearing capacity of 30 kN; boards made of waterproof plywood 21 mm thick.

On construction site The formwork is delivered in special containers by road and stored under a canopy.

See the formwork installation diagram below, it shows a diagram of the arrangement of work tables and the installation and docking of PERI carts.

Before installing the formwork on the grip, you must do the following:

• - concrete a reinforced concrete slab with reinforcement outlets for columns, walls, and an elevator shaft;
• - apply marks of alignment axes to reinforced concrete slabs;
• - apply the concrete-separating liquid “Pera-Klin” to the formwork panels using a spray gun;

installation of design reinforcement;

delivery to workplace tools, devices and equipment.

Formwork installation diagram.

The order of installation of formwork on the grip:

WALLS and COLUMNS:

• - install the block of external formwork panels on spacers;
• - install fittings;
• - install a block of internal panels on rods and locks with hanging consoles for scaffolding and flooring.

The main axes of the building are moved to the slab from benchmarks. All other axes of the building are extended from the main axes of the measurement paths. Construction control monolithic house vertically to produce floor-by-floor theodolites using the inclined design method.

When carrying out geodetic work, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP 3.01.03 - 84 “Geodetic work in construction”.

To reduce deck adhesion concrete surface Clean it thoroughly and spray it with Peri-Klin concrete separating liquid. Cleaning should be carried out immediately after removing the formwork by spraying with water, then using a scraper with a rubber tip and a hair brush and spraying with concrete separating liquid. Apply concrete separating liquid using a hand-held spray gun. Application should be carried out at the storage site (in winter time- in a warm room). Provide measures to prevent the lubricant film from being washed away by rain.

Slinging of the formwork is carried out using a special TRIO hook, included in the formwork kit, and a transport sling with four ropes. To lift the panels, use two TRIO crane hooks ( load bearing capacity one hook - 1.5 t).

See the diagram for slinging the formwork elements below.

Lifting of small and piece items should be carried out in containers.

Slinging scheme for formwork elements.

The sequence of operations when installing wall formwork:

• - the position of the diaphragm is marked on site using hammer drills, holes W = 25 mm and a depth of 90 mm are drilled in reinforced concrete slabs for installation of NKD-S M 20 anchors.
• - on the stand, in a horizontal position, a package of panels (3 pieces) is assembled, connected by BFP locks with RSS1 spacers attached to them.
• - using crane hooks of the “Peri” system (2 pieces per transport unit), the package of panels is lifted into a vertical position and transported by crane to the installation site.
• - the package of panels is installed according to the risks in the design position on the outer section of the diaphragm and secured with spacers RSS1 and anchors NKD - S M20 to the reinforced concrete slab. Separate panels or packages of panels are attached to the installed formwork, depending on the length of the diaphragm, and fastened together with BFD locks in the quantity specified in the project.
• - the entire structure is brought into a vertical position using spacers RSS1, and then the reinforcing work begins.
• - after completion of the reinforcement work, an internal row of formwork panels is installed, connected to the previously installed panels using DW - 15 ties and nut-washers, with the installation of PVC-U pipes W = 25 mm long per diaphragm thickness.
• - then the end panels Shch-1 are installed, connected to the formwork panels with BFD locks and leveling locks TAR-85, scaffolding consoles TRG - 120 and wood flooring thickness 35 - 40 mm.

The entire structure is finally brought into a strictly vertical position and handed over for concrete work.

COLUMNS:

• - are carried out reinforcement work.
• - a formwork block is assembled on a horizontal stand from two panels connected by column bolts.
• - using a crane equipped with slings with two TRIO hooks, the block is brought into a vertical position and installed on a horizontal platform and temporarily secured to the base with a spacer RSS1.
• - the third shield is mounted.
• - a block of three panels is transported to the installation site using a tower crane with two TRIO hooks and mounted in the design position with the RSS1 spacer secured to the floor slab.
• - the fourth shield is mounted and secured with spacer RSS1.
• - scaffold consoles are hung, and the scaffold panel flooring is made.
• - the formwork is brought into a strictly vertical position using spacers RSS1. The formwork is ready for concreting elevator shaft.

The internal elevator shafts are marked on the foundation slab.

On a stand in a horizontal position, four packages of panels are assembled for the length of the inner wall of the elevator shaft, fastened together with BFD locks according to the design.

Using crane hooks of the TRIO system (2 pieces per transport unit), the package is lifted into a vertical position and delivered to the installation site by a tower crane. The package is installed in the design position with temporary fastening with the RSST spacer to the reinforced concrete slab. Then the remaining packages of panels are installed and connected with BFD locks according to the design.

Reinforcement work is being carried out.

After the completion of the reinforcement work, the outer formwork panels of the elevator shaft are installed, connected to the previously installed formwork with DW 15 ties with nuts-washers and PVC-U pipes W 25 mm long for the thickness of the elevator wall, leveling locks TAR - 85 and between each other with BFD locks according to the project.

The RSS1 spacers are installed, the TRG-120 scaffolding consoles are hung and the plank flooring is made according to the design.

Using spacers RSS1, the structure is brought into a vertical position and handed over for concrete work.

Produced concrete works.

Sequence of installation of elevator shaft formwork from mark +0.000

Supporting elements (support stand) are installed in the upper holes, freed from ties, to support the next tier of formwork according to the design.

Flooring is being installed in the elevator shaft and in staircase for installation and reinforcement works.

The internal formwork of the elevator shaft (assembled) is mounted using a tower crane onto the installed support elements (supports) in the elevator shaft.

Reinforcement work is being carried out on the tier of installed formwork in the elevator shaft.

External packages of formwork panels are installed with the installation of DW1 ties, PVC-U pipes Ø 25 mm with fastening with BFD locks, RSS1 spacers with fastening with NKD - S M20 anchors, TRG - 120 scaffolding consoles are hung and plank flooring is made on them according to the design.

The entire structure is brought into a strictly vertical position and handed over for concrete work.

Concrete work is being carried out.

OVERLAPPING

Installation and dismantling of the “multiflex” floor formwork is carried out according to the technological map.

DISMANTLING FORMWORK.

Dismantling of the formwork of columns, walls and the elevator shaft begins when the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa, the ceiling is 15 MPa.

The order of dismantling the formwork.

• - a block of two internal panels is dismantled
• - the next block of two panels is dismantled

• - the inner row of panels is dismantled
• - end and corner panels
• - outdoor unit shields

ELEVATOR SHAFT

• - the internal formwork block is dismantled
• - external formwork is dismantled.

OVERLAPPING

• - intermediate racks are dismantled
• - the main pillars are lowered by 4 cm
• - cross beams are dismantled
• - formwork panels are dismantled
• - formwork panels are dismantled
• - the main beams are dismantled
• - the racks are dismantled.

The sequence of operations when dismantling the formwork.

• - remove the panel board
• - remove the scaffold consoles
• - release the column bolts on the block of two panels
• - strap a block of two panels using TRIO hooks, disconnect the leveling rods from the fastening
• - using a tower crane, lower it to the storage area in preparation for the next concreting.
• - rig the next block of two panels, disconnect the leveling rods and lower it with a tower crane onto the storage area.

• - remove the panel board
• - remove the scaffold consoles
• - rig the internal panel block of three panels with two TRIO hooks
• - remove the BFD locks from the block of panels connecting to the next block of panels, disconnect the rods and locks that level the rods
• - using a crane, release the block of three panels and lower it onto the storage area.
• - repeat all operations with the following shield blocks
• - strap the end shield
• - free it from cords and constipations and lower it to the storage area using a tower crane
• - rig the outer block of three panels
• - remove the leveling rods, BFD locks fastening the next block of panels and lower them to the storage area using a crane
• - repeat these operations with the following blocks of external panels.

ELEVATOR SHAFT

• - remove tension rods and constipation.
• - strap indoor unit formwork with four sling hooks and, using a crane, remove the entire block from the elevator shaft and place it on the storage area for subsequent preparation.
• - strap the end block with the decoupling element and, using a crane, remove it from the shaft and lower it to the storage area
• - remove the panel deck and scaffolding consoles from the next outer wall of the elevator
• - fasten this block with two TRIO hooks
• - remove the leveling rods and, using a tower crane, remove the block from the elevator shaft and lower it to the storage area
• - repeat these operations with the next block of the outer wall of the elevator.

OVERLAPPING

Dismantling of the formwork is carried out according to the technological map.

Safety precautions.

On the siege, where they are taking place installation work, it is not allowed to perform other work and to have unauthorized persons present.

Structural elements to be installed must be cleaned of dirt and ice before they are lifted.

People are not allowed to remain on structural elements while they are being lifted and moved.

People are not allowed to be under the mounted elements until they are installed in the design position and secured.

The formwork blocks should be unslinged from the mounting towers H = 2.5 m (5.14 D, catalog 2617-961-89), external panels from the block decks.

It is not allowed to carry out installation work at a height of open places at a wind speed of 15 m/sec or more, during icy conditions, thunderstorms, fog, excluding visibility within the work front. Work on moving formwork panels with a large windage should be stopped at a wind speed of 10 m/sec.

During the installation of formwork, installers must be on previously installed and securely fastened structures or scaffolding means.

When installing panels with a large windage area, it is necessary to use guy ropes to keep the panel from swinging.

Every day before starting work, the foreman (master) must check the condition assembled panels and formwork blocks, working decks, overhead platforms and stairs.

Perform welding and gas-flame work wooden formwork without appropriate safety measures is prohibited.

Carry out work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 “Occupational safety in construction”, SNiP 21.01 - 97 " Fire safety buildings and structures", SNiP 2.02.02-85* "Fire safety standards".

Routing for concrete work on a monolithic house using PERI formwork

Concreting columns, walls and ceilings should be done using clamps. Each floor is divided in plan into 2 sections. The working seam is indicated in the project. When installing reinforcement at the boundary of the grips in the ceiling, install a woven mesh GOST 3826-82, tying it to the reinforcement with knitting wire. Resumption of concreting in places where construction joints are installed is allowed once the concrete reaches a strength of 1.5 MPa. Clean the working seams from the cement film using an air jet from the compressor. Working joints can be arranged - for columns and walls at the level of the bottom of the floor slab, for floors in the middle of the span 3-4 or 4-5 - parallel to the digital axes. During the initial period of concrete hardening, it is necessary to protect it from precipitation or moisture loss.

Before concreting begins, the following work must be performed on each section:

• - installation and alignment of formwork
• - installation of fittings
• - a certificate of inspection of hidden work was drawn up for the installation of fittings, embedded parts, corrugated tubes power supply, formwork.

When concreting columns, use concrete class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; interior walls(diaphragms) - concrete class B 20, frost resistance grade F50; elevator shafts - concrete class B20, frost resistance grade F50; floors - concrete class B20, frost resistance grade F50.

The movement of people along concreted structures and the installation of formwork on overlying structures is allowed when the concrete reaches a strength of at least 15 MPa.

Concrete is delivered to the construction site in truck mixers. At the construction site, organize a place for receiving concrete from truck mixers in the form of two bunkers. To ensure uniform distribution of concrete in the formwork of walls and columns, unload concrete into funnels installed in the formwork.

Reinforcement of walls and columns is carried out directly on the grip manually from individual rods and frames, having previously submitted the workpieces by crane to the ceiling. Fixation of frames in relation to the edges of the wall in order to form a protective layer is carried out using clamps according to the grades, depending on the reinforcement on which it is placed and the thickness of the protective layer of concrete. Concrete should be laid within the work front in horizontal layers 500 mm thick. When compacted concrete mixture The depth of immersion of the vibrator should ensure that it is immersed in the previously laid layer by 5-10 cm. The step of rearranging the vibrators is no more than 1.5 of its radius of action. Vibrate until air bubbles appear on the surface of the concrete; vibrate especially carefully in the corners of the formwork.

Reinforcement of the floor slab is made from frames and meshes manufactured at the factory (reinforcement yard of the construction site). Meshes and frames are transported to the workplace by tower crane and installed in the following sequence:

• - a number of lower grids are installed
• - support frames are installed
• - upper grids are installed.

The assembly of spatial frames into volumetric frames is carried out using knitting wire. The lower mesh should be fixed in relation to the floor plane in order to form a protective layer using plastic clamps (TU 6-05-160-77). Simultaneously with the installation of fittings, lay horizontal PVC pipes for passing electrical communications. Thread the wire into the tubes before installation. The tubes are secured to the fittings with binding wire. At the same time, all embedded parts according to the design are installed in the formwork. Concrete should be laid within the designated work area to the depth of the floor thickness without breaks, with a consistent laying direction in one direction. The height of free dumping of concrete from the bunker is no more than 1 m. Perform vibration until air bubbles appear on the surface of the concrete, until laitance appears.

Safety precautions.

• 1. The concrete receiving area should be fenced on three sides, except for the vehicle access side; “Caution, possible fall” signs are installed on this side.
• 2. Climb onto the scaffolding using inventory ladders.
• 3. When compacting the concrete mixture, it is not allowed to rest vibrators on reinforcement and embedded products, rods and other formwork fastening elements.
• 4. Every day before starting to lay concrete in the formwork, it is necessary to check the condition of the container, formwork and scaffolding. Detected malfunctions must be corrected immediately.
• 5. When compacting concrete with electric vibrators, it is not allowed to move the vibrator by the current-carrying hoses, and during breaks in work and when moving from one place to another, the electric vibrators must be turned off.
• 6. The placement of equipment and materials on the formwork that are not provided for in the work project, as well as the presence of unauthorized persons, is not permitted.
• 7. Before starting work on installing the reinforcement, install a fence around the perimeter of each catch on the ceiling.
• 8. Carry out work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 1, SNiP 12.03-2001 part 2 “Occupational safety in construction”, SNiP 21.01 - 97 “Fire safety of buildings and structures", SNiP 2.02.02-85* "Fire safety standards".

Individual and industrial construction of multi-storey monolithic buildings, bridges and overpasses is carried out using formwork floors. They are easy to install and allow the construction of buildings of various shapes and sizes in various climatic zones with ambient temperatures from +45 to -40 degrees C.

Formwork on volumetric racks

Types of floor formwork

From the main ones technical characteristics of the object under construction - its withstand load, dimensions, ceiling height - the use depends various types formwork:

• recommended for floors up to 5 meters high. They are the most economical of all types of formwork and are erected within a short period of time. The tripod base is quite stable and reliably supports the main stand. Moisture-resistant plywood panels are placed on beams made of wood or metal profiles.
• Volumetric racks of floor formwork are erected at a height of up to 20 meters. Ease of installation is ensured vertical racks, connected by crossbars, flange and jack systems. Depending on the installation method, they are divided into:

1. on wedge forests- with a frame of horizontal and vertical posts that can be installed under different angles, depending on the complexity of the work performed on different areas construction. The scaffolding and working ladders provide the necessary level of safety for the working personnel.
2. with cup scaffolding - allowing you to install up to 4 structural elements at the same level.

Arrangement of volumetric racks

The main starting rack is mounted on the jack, onto which additional racks of different lengths are attached to the flanges. The same flanges are used to install horizontal crossbars that fasten sections of formwork. Additional racks and crossbars of different lengths allow the construction of sectional groups of various sizes. The top of the structure is crowned with a jack with a unifork on which wooden or metal beams decks.

The starting and additional racks are made of metal, providing the necessary structural rigidity. It can be strengthened with the help of additional special flanges installed one meter apart. Easy installation is ensured by one narrowed end of the stand. Uniform load distribution is guaranteed by wedge clamps, which also increase the reliability and strength of the entire structure.

Specifications:

• Maximum height limit, m – 20.
• Minimum height limit, m – 1.5.
• Pitch of racks, m - 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0.
• The maximum limit of distributed load on the crossbar, kg – 1200.
• Allowable turnover is 100 cycles.
• Maximum turnover – 200 cycles.
• Section height, m ​​– 0.5.

The calculation of formwork for construction depends on the total area of ​​the building being constructed and the load on the axles. For ease of installation, the distance between the posts is from 1 to 3 meters in half-meter increments. plywood sheet selected taking into account the trim for size adjustment on the installed sites.

Advantages of volumetric racks of floor formwork:

• Safety of operation due to rigid and reliable fastening.
• Possibility of moving individual units without disassembling them using lifting devices.
• Easy installation and dismantling using universal fastening elements for the entire system.
• Most effective when working at high altitudes.
• Can be used for finishing work.
• Long - up to a maximum of 200 cycles.
• Possibility of developing customized design solutions in construction.

Manufacturers of volumetric slab formwork offer not only standard sizes all components, but also manufacture designs according to orders construction organizations. It is possible to purchase a ready-made set or rent it, which will significantly reduce construction costs.

Regulatory documentation for floor formwork

Each manufacturing enterprise prepares its own internal standards for the production of structural elements. All components of the formwork must comply with the requirements relating to products of hazard class 2 according to GOST R 52085 - 2003, which must be confirmed by a certificate from the regional body Rosstandart. Technological process production is strictly regulated by company specialists at every stage.

When installing the structure and working at height, safety requirements must be observed. All actions must be carried out in special protective clothing and using personal protection. Workers must be familiar with the basic technical documentation and have permission to work.

How to make volumetric formwork yourself

It is much more economical to make formwork when building a private house with my own hands. But it is worth considering the following nuances:

• Particular attention should be paid to the installation of support posts that bear the main load. Metal supports provide reliability, but working with them is a little more difficult than with wooden ones.
• Ensure that the base is installed rigidly. To do this, installation is carried out on a carefully prepared site - uneven areas are compacted and wooden spacers are laid along the axes.
• The longitudinal beams are attached to the posts on metal corners using bolted connections.
• The transverse beams do not require fastening, but are simply laid on the longitudinal ones. This helps to facilitate the dismantling process after all work is completed.
• Using braces, support posts and longitudinal beams are secured.
• The plywood should be laid closely together, carefully monitoring the joints, which should be located strictly on the floor beam.
• Most optimal distance between racks is 1.5 meters.
• The entire structure is leveled using a level or level and plumb line.
• Installation of each subsequent tier should be done after carefully securing and checking the previous one.

To make formwork, you can use existing lumber, but it must be non-rotten and thoroughly dried wood coniferous species. The beams of the racks must have a cross-section of at least 12*12 cm, and the beams must have a cross-section of 16*16 cm.

Dismantling of formwork

Dismantling work depends on the drying time of the concrete or the completion of the necessary finishing activities. In hot summer weather, the formwork can be removed after 3 to 4 days. All work is carried out in the reverse order that was carried out during assembly. After this, the formwork can be reused. To do this, all elements must be labeled, sorted and cleaned of all contaminants.

Installing and dismantling volumetric floor formwork is a rather troublesome and complicated task. Extreme attention and concentration are required during assembly, on which the life and health of workers may depend. But with some knowledge of technology and the required materials, it is possible on our own carry out all required work within the planned time frame.

One of the first stages of construction of structures for various purposes is the installation of formwork. Often this process remains without due attention. But already at the stage of preparation for pouring it becomes clear that not everything is as simple as first thought. The formwork installation instructions will help you assemble the frame.

Types of formwork

There are three types of design:

• Removable, which is dismantled after the solution has completely dried. This formwork is assembled from separate parts. The result is a collapsible structure that can be dismantled and reused. Among the advantages of this type of formwork are ease of installation and the possibility of reuse, which significantly reduces the financial costs of construction.

• Fixed, respectively, one that cannot be dismantled. Installation of formwork of this type is carried out mainly from expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam. It remains part of the structure being built. And at the same time it acts as insulation.

• “Floating” formwork is typical for the construction monolithic foundation, which is immersed in the ground. It is a shield assembled from boards, which is slightly higher in height than the planned concrete structure. The shield is lowered into the pit and attached to its walls. Cardboard or roofing felt is rolled out on top of it.

There are also several types depending on the purpose:

• Wall formwork. Its installation is carried out for the construction vertical structures and walls.

• Horizontal, which is used for installing foundations and floors.

• Curved, which allows you to fill parts of unusual shapes.

Installation and dismantling of formwork of each type has its own characteristics. You need to know them to perform quality work.

Advantages of permanent formwork

Installation of permanent formwork involves purchasing a ready-made kit for performing the work. All that remains is to assemble the structure and install it. This leads to a number of advantages that formwork of this type has:

• short deadlines for completing work;

• ease of installation;

• low weight of the structure;

• resistance to fungus and mold;

• fire safety;

• low cost.

Also permanent formwork It is both a layer of insulation and consists of foam blocks that are easily connected to each other. Wherein inner wall thinner than the outer one. Thanks to this, a high level of thermal insulation is achieved.

Construction of permanent formwork

The finished panels are attached to the corner bars using self-tapping screws or nails. The fastening must be reliable. As the concrete expands, the pressure on the board will increase, which can lead to cracking of the boards. The main thing is that the block itself remains with outside. Parallel assembled structure another row is assembled at the distance of the future wall. The result should be a frame around the entire perimeter.

A layer of crushed stone or sand is poured into the finished formwork box. This will protect the solution from loss of moisture, which will go into the ground. The formwork installation technology provides protection against mortar leakage through existing holes. To do this, the boards are covered with film or roofing felt, which are fastened with screws or staples using a stapler.

All work must be carried out taking into account the level. It is very important. At each stage, the evenness of the structure in height, length and vertical is checked (especially important). Two rows of shields must run strictly parallel to each other.

Basic elements of formwork

Removable formwork, which is assembled independently, consists of the following elements:

• The deck, which is flat shield, which is the enclosure of the entire form. The structure must be strong enough to withstand the pressure of the solution. Therefore, it is made from plywood or edged boards 4-5 cm thick.

• Scaffolding that supports the structure. They hold the walls, preventing the mortar from squeezing out the deck. Scaffolding is made from pine bars or boards (2.5-5 cm).

• Fasteners are all the parts with which all structural elements are twisted: wire, clamps, ties, hardware, and so on.

The deck is most often assembled from boards 15 cm wide, which are connected in several rows using nails (driven from the inside, bent from the outside) or self-tapping screws (they are tightened with inside). The distance between the boards should not exceed 3 mm. The shields are fastened together with additional strips.

A simpler option for making a deck is to use moisture resistant plywood thickness 1.8-2.1 cm.

Installation of formwork

The frame will be installed evenly and level if the site is properly prepared in advance. It is marked using cords stretched between pegs. Filled and compacted sand cushion. If necessary, a pit is prepared.

Installation of formwork occurs in the following sequence:

• The perimeter should be marked with vertical guides ( wooden blocks, metal corners or pipes).

• It is necessary to place the finished panels along the guides, maintaining the required distance between them (it is equal to required thickness foundation).

• Securely secure the deck. Support it from the outside with inclined beams (1 strut for each meter of deck).

• Connect the panels together with 5x5 cm bars.

• Cover the inside of the formwork with film (roofing felt).

Foundations up to 20 cm high do not require serious construction. For them, bars driven into the ground are enough.

Installation of wall formwork

The process of constructing wall formwork is more complex. In this case, small-panel and large-panel formwork are distinguished.

The first option is suitable for the construction of small buildings ( country houses, buildings for utility purposes) and partitions between rooms. In this case, small-sized plywood panels are used.

Installation of large-panel formwork is typical for the construction of buildings with high heights. For work, use sheets of metal or large sheets of plywood.

To install the walls, prepare a foundation into which reinforcement is inserted. A two-row formwork frame is assembled around it. When using regular plywood, the joints are coated with glue or sealant. Currently on the market there is special plywood for formwork. Single sheets it is connected using the tongue-and-groove principle, which does not require additional sealing.

Types of floors

Installation of floor formwork depends on the type of floor itself. Highlight following types designs:

• On large bowls. Used for structures with high heights. In this case, vertical posts, jacks, inserts, crossbars and other elements are used to connect individual parts.

• On wedge scaffolding, which is used for multi-storey buildings. Instead of plywood panels scaffolding is installed.

• On cup-type scaffolding. This type involves mounting a frame. The racks are connected to each other using the cup method.

• On telescopic bowls. Suitable for cases where the ceiling height is less than 4.6 m. It is based on tripods that support the entire structure. Boards made of moisture-resistant plywood are laid on top.

Slab formwork

Currently most commonly used monolithic ceiling. Using his example, we will analyze the process of installing formwork.

Vertical posts connected to each other by crossbars are used for formwork. They are attached at right angles to bars running in the transverse direction. On those cross beams a plywood panel is laid, which is the bottom of the formwork.

To perform this work, the following materials are used:

• stand - timber with a cross section of 12-15 cm;

• crossbar and transverse beam - edged board 16-18 cm wide and 5 cm thick;

• braces - board 3 cm thick;

• flooring - moisture resistant, 1.8 cm thick.

Before starting work it is necessary to carry out accurate calculations. It is important to determine required amount racks, the pitch of their placement and other indicators.

Installation instructions for floor formwork

The work instructions include the following steps:

• Attached to the top of the posts longitudinal beams, the second end of which is fixed on the wall.

• The second row is assembled in the same way. To do this, a 5 cm thick board is laid under the supports.

• Cross beams are laid in increments of 60 cm.

• Install support posts(strictly vertical).

• The racks are connected to each other by braces.

• Sheets of plywood are laid on the cross bars, leaving no gaps.

• The ends of the ceiling are protected by masonry made of blocks or bricks.

• A frame is assembled from reinforcement. At the same time, if necessary, space is left for communications.

When all the work is completed, the concrete can be poured. The formwork is removed after 3 weeks.

Conclusion

Installation of each type of formwork involves the use of certain materials. If boards are used, they must be new. Rotten old boards may not withstand the load and break. Plywood must be moisture resistant or laminated.

All work must be performed in accordance with the calculations made. This is especially important for the installation of formwork for ceilings and walls.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISASSEMBLY OF FORMWORK FOR A MONOLITHIC FLOOR PLATE

	I approve Gene. Director of JSC "GK INZHGLOBAL" A. Kh. Karapetyan 2014

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

1.1. The technological map has been developed to organize the work of workers involved in installing and dismantling the formwork of monolithic reinforced concrete floor slabs.

1.2. The technological map includes the following works:

- installation of formwork;

- dismantling the formwork.

1.3. The work covered by the technological map includes:

- slinging and supplying formwork elements (frame supports, racks, tripods, uniforks, wooden beams, plywood) to the installation horizon;

- arrangement of formwork for the beam;

- installation of formwork for the balcony slab;

- arrangement of formwork under the “tooth”;

- arrangement of formwork for the ceiling;

- arrangement of formwork for the end of the floor slab;

- installation of temporary fencing;

- arrangement of openings;

- dismantling of formwork;

- cleaning, lubrication, storage and transportation of formwork elements.

1.4. The formwork must meet the following requirements:

- strength, immutability, correctness of shape and size;

- reliable perception of vertical and horizontal loads;

- surface density (no cracks), preventing cement laitance from seeping through it;

- ability to provide the required quality of the concrete surface;

- possibility of repeated use;

- manufacturability - ease of use, the ability to quickly install and disassemble.

2. Technology and organization of work

2.1. Requirements for previous work

2.1.1. Before installation of formwork begins, the following work must be completed:

- the base for installing the formwork has been prepared;

- the structures of columns and walls were completed, their acceptance certificates were drawn up based on the as-built geodetic survey;

- elements of the floor formwork were delivered and stored in the installation area of ​​the tower crane;

- presence and marking of formwork elements was checked;

- mechanisms, equipment, devices, tools were prepared and tested;

- lighting of workplaces and construction site was arranged;

- all measures for fencing openings, staircases, and perimeter have been completed reinforced concrete slab in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction, part 1”;

- the elevation mark has been transferred to the floor.

2.2. Work production technology

Installation of formwork

2.2.1. The installation of floor formwork begins with the delivery of frame supports, telescopic racks, tripods, uniforks, wooden beams, plywood sheets to the installation horizon, to the workplace.

2.2.2. First, formwork is performed at a lower elevation. We begin the work by installing formwork for the beams.

2.2.3. In connection with the chosen method of constructing the formwork, the installation of a double deck, at the same time the formwork is installed under the beam, balcony slab, “tooth”.

2.2.4. Installation of the formwork begins with the installation of ID15 frame supports at a distance of at least 50 mm from the edge of the slab in accordance with the arrangement diagram, l.2 and l.3 of the graphic part.

Pre-set the height of the frame support (distance from the floor to the bottom of the main beam) according to the template by adjusting the screw heads and screw legs.

2.2.5. Install the main beams (2.9 m wooden beam) onto the screw heads (crown).

In accordance with sections 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-4 (l.5, 6 of the graphic part) and the beam layout diagram (l.4 of the graphic part).

2.2.6. Install secondary beams on the main beams ( wooden beams 4.2 m) in 400 mm increments.

In axes G-D/1, E-Zh/7, where the “tooth” passes, if it is impossible to use a 4.2 m beam (the distance between the walls in these places is 2900 mm and 2660 mm), install two paired beams 2 .5 m.

2.2.7. Lay sheets on the installed secondary beams laminated plywood, 18 mm thick. Thus, the lower deck is formed (level +6.040). Nail plywood to wooden beams. For the plywood layout diagram, see sheet 4, as well as sheets 5 and 6 of the graphic part.

2.2.8. Level the lower deck.

2.2.9. Using geodetic instruments, place the lines of the edges of the concrete beam on the lower deck to construct a vertical deck.

2.2.10. The vertical deck beam is formed from strips of laminated plywood, 300 mm wide. For dimensions and layout, see sheet 3 of the graphic part.

Connect the plywood strips together with 50x50 timber. The beam is also used so that it is possible to nail it to the lower deck and to the upper one, see node A, sheet 5 of the graphic part.

To stabilize the vertical deck, arrange a brace from 50x50 timber.

2.2.11. Install 2.5 m wooden beams on the lower deck.

Place an 82x82 beam under these beams (to gain height).

Under the balcony slab, wooden beams are placed perpendicular to the concrete beam with a pitch of 400 mm, under the “tooth” along the concrete beam.

For the layout of wooden beams, see pages 5 and 6 of the graphic part.

2.2.12. Lay sheets of laminated plywood on the installed wooden beams, in accordance with the layout diagram for sheet 3 of the graphic part.

2.2.13. To install the “tooth” where the wall goes, use a bracket.

The bracket is secured with a tie.

A 100x100 beam is placed on the bracket.

Laminated plywood is attached to the beam.

For a diagram of the deck structure, see sections 6-6 and 7-7, sheet 7 of the graphic part.

For a diagram of the placement of brackets for forming a tooth, see sheet 2 of the graphic part.

2.2.14. Installation of formwork under the floor slab.

In accordance with the layout diagram (sheet 2 of the graphic part), measure with a meter and mark with chalk the installation locations of the racks.

Start by installing the outer posts under the main beams, at a distance of 4.0 m along the letter axes.

The distance between the posts along the digital axes corresponds to the pitch of the main beams.

2.2.15. Insert the uni-plug into the rack. Extend the rack according to the template to the length specified by the height to the main (lower) beam. Install the stand and secure it with a tripod.

2.2.16. Install the main beams (4.2 m wooden beams) onto the installed and fastened racks using a mounting fork. The pitch of the main beams is 1.5 m.

2.2.17. Using a mounting fork, install secondary beams (wooden beams 3.3 m) without fastenings onto the main beams. The pitch of the secondary beams is 0.40 m.

2.2.18. Lay sheets of laminated plywood on the secondary beams, close to each other so that the gaps between them are no more than 2 mm. The first sheets of plywood are supplied from the concrete floor; after laying at least 12 sheets, the plywood is supplied to the constructed deck.

The outer perimeter sheets and strips of plywood are nailed to the secondary beams to prevent them from tipping over.

For the plywood layout diagram, see sheet 3 of the graphic part.

2.2.19. Sheets of plywood that fit the formwork under the beam should be laid last, after the vertical deck of the beam has been installed.

2.2.20. For ease of installation of formwork (as well as dismantling), cut a standard sheet of plywood into pieces 2440x610 mm.

2.2.21. In rare places, it is recommended to use ordinary plywood impregnated with emulsion for lubrication.

2.2.22. Places where laminated plywood has been cut become susceptible to moisture and are subject to moisture-resistant treatment (melted paraffin, treatment with two layers of primer).

2.2.23. The deck surface must be leveled.

2.2.24. After installing the deck slab, balcony slab, “tooth”, arrange a side with a height equal to the thickness of the ceiling.

The formwork of the end of the floor is performed as follows.

A line is drawn for the end of the slab, strips of plywood are attached to the deck along the line, the width being equal to the height of the ceiling. To prevent the end from tipping over, arrange a strut from 50x50 timber.

2.2.25. Using universal fencing that is attached to wooden beams, create a temporary fence. Install fence posts, with a pitch of no more than 1200 mm, insert fencing boards into the brackets of the posts.

2.2.26. Device of openings. The openings are made of laminated plywood. The size of the openings along the outer edges corresponds to the dimensions of the opening in the floor slab. The openings are installed in the design position and nailed to the floor slab deck.

GOSSTROY USSR

CENTRAL RESEARCH FACILITY
AND DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL
INSTITUTE OF ORGANIZATION, MECHANIZATION
AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR CONSTRUCTION
(TsNIIOMTP)

ROUTING
FOR INSTALLATION AND DISMANTLING OF FORMWORK
WALLS AND COLORS

The album contains a technological map for production formwork work during construction monolithic walls and floors of a typical floor using the example of a 16-story building in Leningrad.

The technological map is intended for engineering and technical workers of construction organizations.

The technological map was developed by employees of the TsNIIOMTP of the USSR State Construction Committee (candidate of technical sciences B.V. Zhadanovsky, N.I. Evdokimov, L.A. Zueva, Yu.A. Yarymov, etc.).

The technological map is intended to determine the technical and economic indicators of the construction of monolithic structures at the design stage, as well as for a comparative technical and economic assessment of structural and technological solutions residential buildings under normal construction conditions.

Technical and economic indicators (labor costs, wage and output per worker per shift) are compiled for formwork work when constructing walls and floors of different thicknesses using large-panel formwork for walls or small-panel and large-panel formwork for floors based on developed technological maps for a 16-story building ( standard project 1-528KP-82-1c) houses in Leningrad.

All indicators determined according to the current ENiR for the conditions of construction of buildings with a height of 50 m are recalculated for buildings of a different number of storeys using coefficients that take into account changes in the labor intensity of the work.

Height of the building under construction, m
	0,90	0,92	0,93	0,95	0,98	1,00	1,03
Height of the building under construction, m
Correction factor for labor intensity	1,05	1,10	1,13	1,18	1,21	1,23

When developing the map, the most characteristic monolithic structures, therefore, the data presented can be used to develop technology for the production of work during the construction of buildings of various architectural, planning and constructive solutions.

INSTALLATION AND DISASSEMBLY OF FORMWORK FOR WALLS AND COLORS

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. A technological map has been developed for the production of formwork work during the construction of monolithic walls and floors of a typical floor using the example of a 16-story residential building in Leningrad.

1.2. The work covered by the map includes: enlargement of formwork panels; delivery of formwork to the installation site; installation of formwork; dismantling of formwork.

1.3. The work is carried out in 2 shifts.

2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

2.1. Before installing large-panel formwork, the following work must be completed: laying out the axes of the walls; leveling the surface of floors; checking the completeness of the delivered formwork; enlarged assembly of shields; cleaning the floor from debris.

2.2. Elements of large-panel formwork are transported in the following positions:

modular panels - by size in a horizontal position, 10 - 15 pcs. on wooden spacers;

brackets, railings, connections - in special wooden containers;

small components and parts - also in wooden containers.

2.3. Elements of large-panel formwork arriving at the construction site are placed within the crane’s operating area.

2.4. The formwork of the walls is installed in two stages: first, the formwork of one side of the wall is installed to the entire height of the floor, and after installing the reinforcement, the formwork of the second side is installed.

2.5. For the installation of floors, small-panel formwork on telescopic racks and large-panel formwork were used.

2.6. The finished formwork is checked and accepted by the foreman or workman. Upon acceptance, the following must be checked: compliance of the shape and geometric dimensions with the working drawings; coincidence of the formwork axes with the alignment axes of the structures; accuracy of marks of individual formwork planes; verticality and horizontality of formwork panels; correct installation of embedded parts and wooden plugs; density of shield joints.

Correct position vertical planes is verified by a plumb line, and horizontality by a level or level.

Deviations in the dimensions and position of the formwork elements should not exceed the tolerances specified in SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”.

riggers 2 grades - 2