How to install a ladder with your own hands. How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands. The simplest instructions for installing a ladder with your own hands
Master of Architecture, graduated from Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 11 years of experience in design and construction.
Two-story houses or cottages must be equipped with reliable stairs. Wood is most often chosen as the material for making these structures. Wooden stairs to the second floor can be purchased ready-made or made independently. By choosing the second option, you will reduce your material costs and do exactly what you really need
Types of structures
To build staircase structure, you must be able to use the tool, know the rules for constructing sketches and drawings. This will allow:
- design all the constituent elements of the structure;
- take into account potential weaknesses and correct shortcomings at the project stage;
- calculate the size of the steps so that it is convenient to go up and down.
It is best to use wood to make stairs. This building material is environmentally friendly, practical, and easy to work with, which is especially important for novice craftsmen. By using special tool
- you can make a staircase of a shape that would ideally suit your interior:
- straight or rounded;
- simple or decorative;
heavy or light. The following popular types of structures are distinguished::
wooden stairs
Choosing a staircase scheme For a private house or country house, both a marching and a spiral staircase are suitable. However, one should not forget that spiral structures require very precise installation, as well as special elements
(for example, rounded railings). To make them, you need to master professional installation technology. This is especially true for more complex staircase structures, which initial stage can only be used as a model for inspiration, not imitation. Don't rely on ready-made diagrams
, since they do not take into account all the features of your situation.
- As for the flight stairs, it is much easier to make and install them yourself. They come in various configurations:
When placing a staircase to the 2nd floor with more than 10 steps, it is recommended to divide it with a turning platform, after which it can go up along the wall at an angle of 90 or 180 degrees.
The choice of one model or another depends on your taste and the layout of the house.
Preparation of materials
Before you make a wooden staircase to the second floor yourself, you need to decide on the choice of building material. The most popular wood species are pine and larch. In terms of performance characteristics, larch products are better, as they are less susceptible to rotting.
Larch is not afraid of moisture; moreover, when liquid is absorbed, the structure becomes stronger. This is quite a significant advantage, since there will always be some humidity in the house. The following types of wood are also suitable for building stairs: oak, cedar, beech and other types of wood, but in terms of cost this is not the cheapest pleasure.
The service life of wood largely depends on how the lumber is dried. The maximum moisture content of wood should be no more than 12%.
Well-dried boards are more expensive, but this is more than compensated for by the durability of the stairs.
If the lumber is wet enough, you will have to dry the wood yourself. To do this, place it in a well-ventilated room with constant temperature conditions for a period of at least 3 months.
Calculation of the main parameters of the stairs
Width
Standard staircase width – from 90 to 150 cm. But when calculating this indicator, the following points should be taken into account:
- how convenient it will be for two people to meet each other halfway at the same time;
- Does the width you choose allow you to carry large objects (furniture, appliances) up the stairs?
A comfortable range of staircase widths for a private home is 1100-1300 mm. Less – difficulties when carrying furniture; more – excess space taken up. Length
To calculate this indicator, you will need to take the dimensions of the steps and count their number. Experience shows that when making a drawing yourself on paper, mistakes are made. As a result, the staircase in reality becomes longer than in the picture. You can get out of this situation in the following way: include several winder steps in the staircase structure.
Height
Defining overall height, inexperienced craftsmen often make mistakes. They only take into account the distance from the subfloor to the ceiling of the room top floor. This is not entirely correct. When drawing up the drawing, you need to take into account the finishing level of the 1st floor and the thickness of the floor on the upper floor along with the finishing.
Parameters of the opening in the ceiling
It is important to leave enough space between the steps and the ceiling of the upper floor. As a rule, it is equal to the height of the most tall man and is approximately 190 – 200 cm.
Stair slope
To build a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands, it is recommended to maintain a slope of the staircase structure of 40-45 degrees. If you exceed this figure, then it will be difficult for elderly people and small children to climb it.
Optimal angle the inclination of the stairs is in the range of 30 – 37° When choosing a flat design, consumption increases building materials and the usable area of the room is reduced. Therefore, when calculating this indicator, you should proceed from the available space.
steps
Their constituent elements are the tread and riser. When determining the size of the tread, you need to focus on foot size 45. That's why optimal width steps are considered to be 30 cm.
The size of the riser, depending on the slope of the stairs, ranges from 15 to 20 cm.
When constructing drawings, it is important to consider the following:
- All steps must be the same size.
- If the structure has more than 18 steps, then it is advisable to include 2 flights in the project and provide a platform. It is called viewing, turning or intermediate. Its location may be the center of the flight or an area near the beginning of the stairs.
Online calculator for calculation
For your convenience, you can make all calculations using a convenient one. As a result, you will receive ready-made drawings and specifications of materials.
Installation of a marching wooden staircase
Wooden installation interfloor stairs begins with the manufacture of stringers (or bowstrings), treads and risers.
Layout of a staircase along the wall with dimensions indicated The treads are cut from the board according to a previously prepared template. Their standard thickness varies from 30 to 40 cm. If you do more, it will be an unjustified consumption of materials and make the structure heavier. The risers perform a decorative function in the building. Therefore, you can save on them by using a 10-15 mm board.
Stringers are made from a solid board that is free of any defects. Both stringers must be identical so that the staircase does not turn out asymmetrical and skewed.
Marking the stringer 
Assembling a bowstring with stiffeners Frame assembly
Installation of stringers begins with making cuts on the floor beam located at the top flight of stairs. Sometimes the cuts are replaced with metal stops, which should be attached to the vertical floor with anchors. Regardless of which method you choose, the stringers must be firmly fixed to the ceiling.
On the lower floor, along the line of the very first step, a support beam is installed in the floor. Anchors are used as fasteners.
Attaching the stringer to the floor Installation of components
Installing the steps will not be difficult. The cutouts of the stringers are coated with glue and risers are attached to them, which then need to be leveled and secured with screws.
Attaching risers to stringers Treads are laid on top and fixed to the risers and stringers. It is recommended to place polymer gaskets in the form of tapes under them. This will prevent squeaking as a result of friction against each other. wooden parts.
The function of the fence is performed by balusters, when installing them it is important to ensure correct evenness. For this purpose, install the upper and lower columns and connect them together with a stretched thread. It serves as a guide for installing other elements. Balusters can be attached with screws or self-tapping screws, which are masked with grout or plugs.
The handrail is installed and fixed on the balusters. It can be wooden, iron or other material.
Finishing
After installation, all surfaces must be sanded, including hard to reach places, ends, joints. Then the structure is treated with protective agents or paint.
Features of manufacturing a spiral staircase
The manufacture and installation of wooden spiral staircases to the second floor is much more difficult than marching ones. But, on the other hand, they allow you to save usable area and are placed where there would not be enough space for a marching structure.
Screw designs save living space Most best option- This is the installation of a spiral structure with a central support. In this case, steps in the shape of a triangle or trapezoid are attached directly to it. To make the structure more reliable, a support column with a specially attached heel is placed vertically and concreted at the base.
Holes are made in the steps from the narrower edge, with the help of which they are strung onto the support pipe. Cylinder-shaped inserts are installed between the steps, which determine the height of the structural elements. The last step on the upper tier is installed flush with the opening in the ceiling on the second floor and acts as an additional supporting element.
To make it convenient to go down and up, the vertical interval between the rows of steps should be at least two meters. And the clear width of the staircase is at least 90 cm.
Often they resort to more compact models of spiral staircases. This is permissible only when you do not plan to use it often. This applies, for example, country stairs or for climbing into the attic.
The most convenient tread depth is considered to be from 15 cm at the central post and from 35 cm from the outer edge. The height of the riser is on average about 20 cm. However, sometimes you can abandon them altogether. This will make the structure more convenient, reduce its weight, and also reduce the cost of building materials.
Quite often people install wooden stairs in their homes. Similar design characterized by a long service life, reliability and high strength characteristics. Don't forget about aesthetic beauty.
Installing a staircase requires accurate calculation of design parameters and compliance with all installation rules.
At first glance, installing stairs of this type may seem like a simple task. There are no special parts or mechanisms here. Simple railings and the steps themselves are combined into a single design. However, installing it is actually quite difficult, since during the installation process you have to deal with numerous nuances that must be taken into account. So, let's look at how to install a ladder.
Scheme of a wooden staircase.
But first, about the necessary supplies for work:
- roulette;
- hacksaw;
- square;
- grinder;
- perforator;
- hammer;
- level and others.
Installation of wooden stairs
Even behind such a simple design there is a very complex technological process. It is best if such work is entrusted to specialists. They will decorate the house with the highest quality and in the shortest possible time. However, in this situation, numerous unforeseen expenses may arise. Installing a wooden staircase for your home with your own hands is the best solution to the problem.
A lot depends on how well the wooden staircase is installed near the house. First of all, this concerns the operation and reliability of the design. If the installation is carried out incorrectly, that is, a person does not adhere to the technology, this can lead to a change in the aesthetic appearance, as well as damage.
When installing a wooden staircase for your home, you must adhere to the following rules:
Table showing proper design of stair treads.
- It is best to carry out the installation by specialists who work for an organization that designs stairs. In this case, they will be responsible for their construction.
- The installation of the structure is carried out in the place that was originally described in the contract, since all structural elements are made for it.
- The ladder must be transported to its destination disassembled. In this case, the likelihood of damage to its structural elements is reduced. In this case, the installation of the structure is made from ready-made components.
- If a person applies for work to a company that makes ready-made flights of stairs, then he will definitely first need to make grooves in the mounting beams for their installation.
- Only after the railings have been finally adjusted to the floor level can you begin to install the flights of stairs. When adjusting the lower string, it is imperative to take into account the fact that flooring can be laid on the floor.
- Before you begin installing a flight of stairs, you must make a fence. Only after it has been adjusted perfectly to future design, you can continue further work.
- To obtain durable and reliable design It is imperative to screw the marches onto self-tapping screws. This makes the structure more durable and rigid. They are fastened in several places around the perimeter, connected through a support post and through a bowstring to the wall.
Methods of fastening structural parts
Options for attaching steps to the string.
Let's look at how the main elements of the staircase are fastened. Any structure that is installed at home or near it has the same structure.
Moreover, we are not necessarily talking about a wooden staircase. There are always inclined parts and steps here. Another way to call them flights of stairs and platforms. Depending on how the spans are organized, the structures can be single-flight, double-flight or three-flight. There are several different methods for attaching steps:
- they can rest on the bowstrings at both ends;
- one end is attached to the stringer, and the other to the wall;
- one end is embedded in the wall, and the other hangs freely; this method cannot always be used; it is only appropriate if the thickness of the wall is very large.
Methods of attaching steps to a stringer.
Before final assembly staircases for the home must take into account the fact that it must withstand all the loads that await it. After all, not only do people walk on such structures, but also loads move. Rigidity is very important. All grooves that are intended for fastening structural elements with bowstrings must be made in such a way that the elements fit into them with tension, that is, as tightly as possible. Their depth must be the same, and the grooves themselves must have a flat plane. This is true for all cases, including when using glue to attach structural elements. It will evenly fill the grooves, giving them the required rigidity and strength. If another fastening method is used, then it is worth using the wedging method.
In this situation, the grooves are made in the form of a trapezoid. Its top will be in front of the bowstring. After installation, the process of wedging begins. After everything is thoroughly coated with glue, we can say that the result is a fairly strong and powerful structure. You can always use nails or screws as additional fasteners.
However, in this case it may deteriorate appearance stairs. To prevent this from happening, the caps must be buried in the wood and then covered with special covers. Now the aesthetics will be at their best. The appearance of the entire structure will not be spoiled. To increase the strength of the ladder, several nails or screws are used for fastening.
Installation of stairs: features
Scheme of fastening the railing posts, lower and upper.
So let's consider self-installation stairs. This is done quite simply. Moreover, all components of the structure are supplied ready-made, but disassembled. Here you need to be extremely careful to comply with all the nuances of the technology.
The first stage is the preparation of the upper and lower marches. The side parts must strictly comply with the parameters of the opening. Markings must first be applied, according to which preparation is carried out. If it is not made by the manufacturer, then you need to do it yourself.
Now we need to move on to preparing the upper support post. Grooves are cut into it, which will serve to fasten the upper span.
For marking, you can use a regular pencil.
With its help, a horizontal line is applied on the lower edge of the groove. Then you need to measure the distance from the ceiling to the floor and draw another line. It should be equal to this distance. Risers are installed in all grooves, and then their lower part is sawn to size.
The assembly of modern stairs for the home is carried out using glue. Only high quality material is used. All structural elements must be glued in the following sequence:
- top support post connects to the side elements of the structure;
- then fences and railings are added;
- connect the lower ends of the railing and the lower support post;
- The side parts of the structure and the lower stand are glued together.
Only in this sequence should it be done correct installation stairs. Wooden spikes are driven into those parts of the rack that are used for connection. After all the elements are prepared, be sure to give them time to dry completely.
Now you can proceed to assembling the structure. One person cannot cope with this. You definitely need to get help. At least three additional people must be involved in assistance. One of them is located at the top, and the rest are at the bottom.
Next, the ladder itself is installed on the floor and then leveled using a level. Special marks are made on the floor that will serve as markings for future pillars. Holes are made in these places using a drill. They should also be in the pillars, and the same size as on the floor. Fastening is carried out using special bolts. The gait is attached to cross beam two nails.
The single side part is attached to the wall using self-tapping screws or bolts. Quite a lot of them must be used so that the connection is very strong and durable. If necessary, you can do additional cladding stairs. This is done using sheets of drywall or other material. Wood can also be used in a similar situation. For example, lining or tongue and groove board. In this case, the wooden staircase will not lose its original beauty and aesthetics.
Summarizing
Thus, the process of installing stairs for the house is completed. There is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is to strictly follow the instructions given above. This is the only way to achieve the desired result. When performing work, be sure to use only high-quality glue. With its help you can get a truly durable and reliable structure.
When performing work, be sure to call help. Only with their help can you achieve high-quality results. The wooden staircase is quite heavy structural element. It needs to be mounted and installed only through the efforts of several people. To achieve the required result, when installing outdoors, you can use specialized equipment.
Installation of staircase structures is, of course, extremely important. It requires maximum responsibility and professionalism from the people performing it. After all, poor-quality assembly and installation can even be dangerous to human life.
Stairs made of wood are more popular than structures made of other materials. Wood is distinguished by its environmental properties, durability, strength and many other advantages. Installing a wooden structure is not quite simple and labor-intensive process. After all, before starting work, it is necessary to make accurate measurements and calculations, make required drawing. Therefore, you should not take it on yourself. Moreover, the cost of installing a wooden staircase is not high and is affordable to almost every buyer.
In our company, the cost of any design is quite acceptable, so the price for installing a staircase to the second floor, no matter what materials it is made from, will not be overpriced. We carry out turnkey installation work.
Premises requirements
If you want the installation of the structure to be of high quality, then you should pay attention to the requirements for the premises where the installation will take place:
- Sufficient lighting and heating;
- Availability of an electrical outlet;
- Providing a place for the safety of structural parts;
- Availability of all works on finishing places (floor repairs, installation of windows, doors, etc.);
- Relative normal humidity (40-60%);
- Ensuring security of the premises;
- Also, before starting work, you need to find out exactly where the laid pipes, wiring and other communications are located. This is necessary to protect them from damage.
The price of installing a staircase to the second floor in our company will cause you positive emotions! Our staff will be happy to select an acceptable option for you in terms of price-quality ratio.
Installation of attic structures
Received special attention modern stairs to the attic and their installation. As the name suggests, a loft structure provides access to the attic as well as the attic or technical floor. Such designs are the most compact. When folded, they take up virtually no space in the house. They do not spoil the interior and are absolutely safe. We are talking about folding attic structures. The main material from which they are made is wood. More often, conifers, for example, pine. Metal folding structures are also produced. They are more durable, but installing a wooden folding ladder into your attic is cheaper. In addition, there are combined and scissor designs. You can find out the final price for installation of a turnkey attic staircase from our employees.
The best prices at the World of Stairs company in Moscow!
Our company is engaged in custom manufacturing individual projects and selling finished staircase products in Moscow buildings for 15 years. We are also ready to provide turnkey installation services, the quality of which our employees can vouch for. We value our customers and therefore carry out our work at a professional level.
Over the years of work, we have been able to earn a good reputation among our clients, as we use a policy of competent balance between cost and quality of services. Therefore, the price for installing a wooden staircase or any other will not be too expensive, but at the same time the structure will look aesthetically pleasing and last a long time.
If you need specialist help, our employees are always ready to provide current advice which will definitely help you. Believe me, if you contact our company for staircase installation services, the price for the work will be more than justified, because the results will exceed all your expectations.
Contact our company for quality installation stairs to the second floor in Moscow!
Additional work on finished wooden stairs
| Job title | Price | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Installation of a single podium | 5000-10000 | |
| Installation of a double podium | 10000-15000 | |
| Extended locally step | 5000 | Only on stairs with a bowstring! |
| Reduce the staircase by the length or width of the steps | 3500 | |
| Installation of risers | 2000 | For the entire set of risers |
| Balustrade installation | 800 | For 1 p.m. |
| Installation of additional fencing on the stairs | 1500 | For 1 p.m. |
| Expansion of a wooden opening | 5000-15000 | |
| Covering the opening | 5000-15000 | Considered individually* |
| Mortgage installation | 3000 | In order to strengthen the opening* |
Installation of modular stairs and stairs on a metal frame
Additional work on modular stairs and stairs on a metal frame
| Job title | Price | Description | ||||||
| Fencing installation | 800 | For 1 p.m. | ||||||
| Installation of risers | 500 | For each riser | ||||||
| Glass installation | 2500 | For 1 section of glass | ||||||
| Welding on site | 2500 | For 1 point | ||||||
| Mounting the module wall mount | 5000 | For each module. If the ladder is attached without pillars | ||||||
| Installation of wall-mounted handrail to the wall | 800 | For 1 p.m. | ||||||
The need for staircases can arise for various reasons, from construction country house“with your own hands” before its expansion, or during redevelopment and any changes in a suburban cottage, when rebuilding an inherited house, equipment, and so on.
There are any number of reasons for getting a new staircase, even down to the simple desire to have beautiful new steps leading up.
But, before you install a staircase that you visually like, you need to find out what they are like and how, besides design and materials, they differ.
Types of stairs in the house
In addition to the division by purpose, for example, whether they lead to the basement or attic, and materials, the stairs also differ structurally:
- straight - marching and on rails;
- screw;
- with rotation and combined;
- folding.
Modular ones come in both screw and direct construction. Modular, that is, consisting of individual modules, stairs can be made of any material and be of any type, except folding.
Construction of such a staircase on our own much simpler than any other, in addition, the module system allows you to change steps that have become unusable without affecting the entire structure. This is the main difference between the modular variety and the others.
In private construction, wooden modular stair sections, both straight and with lapels, are in greater demand. Screw-type ones, although they are good for everyone, are built less often on their own, although they are not particularly complicated.
When it comes to attics, the leaders are “attics”, that is, folding stairs. However, before you decide to install this option, you need to think carefully, because if in the future there is a possibility of arranging an attic, such a staircase will no longer be suitable.
As for iron or concrete ones, their installation requires special skills and, of course, equipment, at least welding machine. Therefore, the most popular and optimal home stairs are made of wood, and the use of this material allows you to choose any structural type.
Folding ladders are very convenient for installation in the attic
Screw
They may be inconvenient, but they are ergonomic and beautiful. Basically, such designs are intended for places that do not have space for a “normal” staircase, but the choice of design for the “cogs” is so varied that it is worth at least considering the possibility of installing them.
Modular “screws” can be used in different shapes - from round to triangular, different materials for the base and steps - from boards to ceramics and glass. Such an abundance of possibilities allows them to become the highlight of any interior.
Direct
“March” is a straight section of a staircase, consisting of several modules, if such structures are involved, of course.
Flight stairs are the most convenient for ascending and descending, but besides this, they are the simplest for construction. Even a beginner who has no experience in such work can cope with the installation of “marches”.
The design, called “on rails”, involves fastening the step sheets directly into the wall. There are no special nuances or difficulties in the installation, except that you will have to use big amount various metal “spare parts”, fasteners, all sorts of details.
It won’t be possible to build it “from scratch”, but there are quite a lot of similar staircases already equipped with everything necessary that are sold in construction and interior stores - you just need to choose suitable sizes and appearance, purchase and assemble it like a simple construction set.
Many doubt the reliability of such a “floating” staircase, however, a minimally similar (the simplest) design will withstand a load of over a thousand kilograms; the relevant information is in the accompanying instructions attached to each kit with parts.
With a twist
These are the same marching ones, with the only difference being that the canvases are placed with a turn, at an angle relative to each other.
For a device of this type, you will need not only modules with steps, but also the arrangement of intermediate “spans” (platforms). Depending on how many sections will “turn”, they are called two-flight, three-flight, and so on.
Folding
“Folding beds” are used for climbing into attics; the simplest example is an ordinary two- or three-legged one, screwed to a hatch. There are quite a lot of similar homemade products in the houses of holiday villages.
The ladder can be folded any way you like. Among those ready for independent work for assembling kits, there are folding, retractable, and folding options. They have one thing in common - the staircase goes completely into attic hatch, that is, it hides behind the hatch and appears outside only when it is opened.
How to install a wooden staircase
Whatever type of staircase is chosen, it will be composed of:
- Steps.
Without exaggeration, the most important part for the staircase section. In turn, it consists of risers and treads. The tread is what people step on, the “working” surface of the step itself.
The most “correct” width that is comfortable for a person is from 30 cm, respectively, for the staircase itself – from 90 cm.
The tread is a vertical that holds the surface of the tread. In the construction of the simplest “classics” - within 15-20 cm in height.
If you are building an ergonomic spiral staircase, then you need to take into account that the treads will be different, the optimal combination is 45 cm for the outer “side” and 25 cm for the inner one.
- Supports.
Beams that carry the entire load on the stairs are called support beams and are divided into the following elements: bowstring, stringer, pillar.
A pillar - if a spiral staircase is being built, and in the rest - a stringer and a bowstring.
The stringer is a massive “serious” beam with triangular cutouts for steps, but the bowstring has round ones made with inside.
- Railing.
Although they are perceived as a decorative part, they are actually a full-fledged component that provides convenience and safety.
They consist of a pair of elements - balusters and handrails. Baluster is a protective element that covers the top of the handrail.
In general, this is all you need to know before you start installation of wooden stairs.
Any construction begins with the development of a project, even if it is a schematic drawing made on the wall country house, it will still be what is called a project.
It includes all the numbers, angles, pitch or rotation data, and all other “engineering” information. Of course, if we are talking about building a fundamental one, in a full-fledged mansion, then even if you want to do everything completely yourself, the calculations and elaboration of the project must be entrusted to those who do this professionally.
But in a small private building or in a house in a dacha community, it’s quite possible to calculate everything. The first thing is to decide on the place where the future staircase will be located.
Absolutely everything always depends on the location - what type it will be, height and width, what material (or combination thereof) and, in general, how much materials, fasteners and funds will be spent on its construction.
The process itself, the totality of actions how to install stairs to the second floor(simple, marching), will consist of the following:
- you need to start with “production”, the approach and treads - for them you should cut the boards according to measurements and sand them;
- next in line are the supports, they also need to be cut out strictly according to the measurements, having previously applied markings to the bars, and it is imperative to maintain the angle (slope) of the cutout with the future grooves of the steps; there is no need to rush when making the support;
- once the supporting elements are cut, they need to be installed and secured in place, after which the steps must be “laid”, starting, of course, with the riser;
- After the steps with supports are secured, you can begin installing the balusters that enclose the work and closing them with handrails.
Usually, newcomers to the construction business are perplexed by the question of how to install balusters on stairs. This is easy to do - with bolts or self-tapping screws, and then close the fastening points with plugs; balusters are sometimes placed on glue, but only if they are very light and carry an exclusively decorative load.
What you need for installation
To make and install stairs in the house, you will need:
- “holding” bars, dense from “reliable” wood species, approximately 40X40 in size, and the length depends on personal needs;
- boards, their sizes and thickness, are also dictated by individual factors;
- bars for steps and supports;
- balusters, handrails - can be in the form of material, or you can buy already turned, ready-made ones;
- screws and others necessary details fasteners, for example - corners or brackets;
- wood glue;
- , screwdriver, hammer, plane, Sander and coarse sandpaper and other tools;
- protective equipment– gloves, glasses and so on.
When choosing a tree, you need to inspect everything - the presence of scrapes, knots, crooks or other defects for what is intended for a staircase is unacceptable.
How to install a modular staircase
Differences in the installation process from a wooden classic homemade ladder almost not. By purchasing a ready-made or custom-made design, you can install modular staircase It won’t be difficult, you just need to follow the instructions included with the kit.
The main differences between working with modules, in addition to the fact that you don’t have to make components manually, are the methods of assembly and connecting elements:
- module into module - assembled with screws using various plates and angles, you will need a good flat-head screwdriver, the “step width” is not adjustable, you don’t have to try to do this;
- threaded studs, many included various fastenings, pins, studs and other elements, the work is quite difficult, it will require a lot of attention and accuracy, and, of course, a full set of tools;
- a combination of clamps and bolts, this cannot be considered completely modular, but it is extremely simple to install, you only need a screwdriver, self-tapping screws are usually already included in the kit.
From the point of view of operational issues, it is important to remember that such stairs can only be combined with thick, durable walls, at least 30 cm thick and a floor or in the form concrete slab, or with wood reinforced with additional beams.
The procedure is similar to a regular wooden staircase you create yourself - it all starts with the supports and ends with the railings.
How to install an attic ladder
There are enough available for sale various options ready-made products hiding behind manhole covers. They are divided according to how they are formed:
- scissor type– are made of metal and slide apart like books or;
- telescopic type - also “iron”, all sections fit into each other, just like nesting dolls;
- folding - the principle is the same as that of multi-legged stepladders; they are made of both metal and wood;
- automatic, the extension mechanism is driven by an electric drive.
They are sold both without the box and the hatch itself, and with them. With that how to install attic staircase , anyone can handle it.
The main points to pay attention to are:
- the hatch box should be smaller around the perimeter than the hole, but no more than 1-3 cm;
- for fastening, so that the box “fits”, you need to use such “helpers” as rough “auxiliary” boards to support it, which are then removed;
- It’s easier for two people to do the work; if one person is installing, then he should have alternative access to the attic, for example, a ladder placed outside.
The work will require:
- screwdriver;
- self-tapping screws, solid strong “bolts”;
- protractor, a simple protractor will do;
- a set of different screwdrivers;
- “rough” boards and wedges.
You can easily make a ladder that “jumps” out of the attic yourself, for example, from an old three-legged stepladder.
How much does it cost to have a ladder installed by third party workers?
That, how much does it cost to install a staircase, depends on various factors. The main pricing criteria are what type of stairs will need to be worked with and what type of services are required, for example:
- ready-made assembly “in march” (10-14 steps) – from 30,000 rubles;
- install railings on the stairs, including balusters - from 21,500 rubles;
- provide a turnkey staircase (one flight only), along with materials and direct manufacturing - from 54,000 rubles;
- assembly (without “deliveries and transportation”) of a finished (from the store) staircase with 2 flights - from 42,500 rubles.
Installation of “screws” is calculated only “on site”, individually.
The cost of the work is quite significant, so it makes sense to purchase a ready-made “constructor set” in the store and assemble everything yourself, or manufacture it completely.
In a multi-storey and attic house a staircase is a necessary attribute of architecture to connect rooms located on adjacent floors. Also useful in two-story townhouses or cottages. It is necessary that it provides convenience and safety, and fits correctly into the interior of the house. If you do not follow the necessary rules or neglect mathematical calculations, the staircase will be built crookedly, and you will need to spend a large amount of money to redo everything. Required building codes must be followed.
Modular stairs will not require you to spend a lot of money. You only need to assemble the product from finished parts, completing all necessary instructions supplier. There are kits that ensure the production of spiral or marching staircases. Comes with a complete set of mounting hardware and necessary structures. If you are a novice builder or are building a wooden staircase for the first time, then no one will advise you to make a screw version.
At limited space In an apartment, it is better to entrust the work to professional builders. The installers will do everything for you in accordance with GOSTs and SNiPs.
Or you can choose a shallow view. Installing a sloping vehicle on the second floor will require a lot of space. But it will be convenient to go up and down. If you have a small space in your home, you need to make a two-flight staircase. The width of the staircase must be at least 1 meter so that you can carry large furniture and large equipment.
A beginner cannot do repairs to even the simplest staircase himself. However, if you have already made one or more stairs according to the instructions above, you can try more difficult task: Creation spiral staircase with your own hands.
Installation: DIY wooden stairs
First of all, you need to design the staircase. Errors at the stage of planning and preparation of building materials are the cause of failures at subsequent stages. We suggest making stairs with risers so that the structure is held firmly. It is best to make a staircase structure using stringers.
Must be correct sizes such elements:
- Ladder:
- Tilt angle;
- Width of steps.
We determine the height of the stairs; to do this, we fix a horizontal board as the beginning of the structure. Having adjusted the board, we measure the height of the stairs. To prevent the level from dangling in the air, it must be secured to the board with tape. Suitable option will be if the angle of inclination is no more than 37 degrees. A slope of 45° will be inconvenient for descent. And if the angle of inclination is less than 30°, then walking on the stairs will be dangerous. The width of the step is taken according to the average length of a person’s foot. And the height is selected based on the height one simple step. The risers can be made from any coniferous wood.
Handmade production and installation of wooden stairs
To make stringers, we will take pine boards 40mm wide. Stringers are the main part of the stairs, on which you have to walk when walking. most of the entire load. Let's draw a pattern in accordance with the designed steps. After this, the markings are applied to the boards and electric jigsaw teeth are cut out. All elements must be symmetrical.
Therefore, having made one stringer, you use it as a template for making others. The more load-bearing structures, all the better. Therefore, it is advisable to have four stringers.
When you have cut them all out and plane them, you must attach the stringers.
If necessary, dismantle anything that may be obstructing the wall or floor. At the very bottom of the stairs there will be a beam. Make several recesses in it for the stringers, or cut out corners in the stringers for fastening. The stringers also need to be securely fastened to the ceiling. The first stringer is attached directly to the wall. The support bars on the floor and ceiling must be properly secured. The stronger the better. The stringers should be parallel to each other. Next you can do the steps.
Installation of a wooden staircase to the second floor
You can buy ready-made steps (or treads, the same thing) and risers at a construction supermarket. Take the price list, select products from quality and inexpensive material. Alternatively, you can cut it yourself or entrust it to installers.
A standard step must have certain standards and match the width of the staircase being built between two stringers. That is, the width should be 30cm, length in the range of 80-120cm, and thickness 3-4cm.
Now you can assemble the ladder. It is necessary that the risers have good strength and be protected from moisture. The blanks must be attached to the stringers with self-tapping screws and nails. They all need to be secured. Then you can attach the treads with nails and screws so that the caps are deep in the wood and do not protrude.
How to secure a staircase post and baluster
To ensure the strength of the stairs and fences of the structure, pillars are installed for support. Often wood does not guarantee against pillar cracks and is sometimes subject to deformation. Therefore, if you are making your own staircase posts, you will need two straight boards that need to be glued together. Usually a standard part is used as a pillar, which is made on a machine.
The base of the pillar should be of such a size that handrails are attached to the so-called square. The support column must have the following standards: height size 1000 - 13000mm, and section size from 70x70mm to 120x120mm. It is advisable to purchase poles and handrails from the store.
On the extreme parts of the steps, markings are made where balusters and pillars for support will be installed. Next, holes are drilled. After this, dowels are inserted into them, which protrude approximately 15mm. Next, holes are made in the balusters with a drill. The pillars are installed at the beginning and end of the stairs. The bases of the balusters are lubricated with glue and placed on dowels. The balusters are placed in a vertical position parallel to each other. We are waiting for the glue to dry.
After this, the railings are made. The edges must be cut at an angle. The railings are glued to the balusters, then you need to screw them from below with a thin self-tapping screw. support pillar the bottom is installed last. Finally, varnish is applied to the wood. We can use paint to make the stairs dark brown.
Quick repair of a wooden staircase: conclusion
Watch the video again with the repair rules. You can always entrust the job to builders. They will help you repair it if something goes wrong. Mistakes should not be made, because an improperly repaired staircase can lead to injury. And when making stairs with the help of builders, if you are injured due to a collapse of the structure, you can go to court.
Even if you did everything correctly, and the builders helped you, any thing requires repair. Wooden staircase, among others. The need to get rid of old varnish will bring little trouble. But sometimes you need to completely renovate the steps. You can dismantle them and install new ones. If you decide to repair the stairs, then you should take into account factors such as the degree of wear and material capabilities.
Aluminum edges are useful to get rid of uneven steps.
One-piece profiles are difficult to use, which you cannot do yourself. The split profile makes installation easy.
Installation of wooden stairs(video)
If your steps begin to creak, most likely the joining parts are moving. This may be due to increased humidity in the house. There are also such phenomena as leaking roofs and more. Between the two rubbing surfaces it is necessary to lay an elastic mass on the inside of the stairs. In any case, do you do it yourself or with outside help, contact your installers for help.
Good luck with your renovation!
